@article{2-s2.0-85003914585,

title = {Geochemical and isotopic study to determine sources and processes affecting nitrate and sulphate in groundwater influenced by intensive human activity - carbonate aquifer Gliwice (southern Poland)},

author = { S. Jakóbczyk-Karpierz and S.S. Sitek and R. Jakobsen and A. Kowalczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85003914585&doi=10.1016%2fj.apgeochem.2016.12.005&partnerID=40&md5=28c231569e373260343f591badce2705},

doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.12.005},

issn = {08832927},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Applied Geochemistry},

volume = {76},

pages = {168-181},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {A multi-species, multi-stable-isotope approach (δ15NNO3; δ18ONO3; δ34SSO4; δ18OSO4; δ18OH2O and δ2HH2O) was used together with environmental tracers (Ar; Ne; CFC-11 and CFC-12) and geochemical modelling to characterize sources and processes controlling concentrations of NO3− and SO42- in groundwater of the carbonate aquifer Gliwice (southern Poland). The study area represents a strongly transformed environment with a range of human activities i.a. Agriculture, urbanization and industry. The δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 indicated that most samples contained NO3− of mixed sources: artificial fertilizers, municipal and industrial sewage, while very good correlation between NO3− and CFC-12 suggested that nitrate originated primarily from residential and industrial sewage. Conversely, isotopic composition of sulphate in groundwater suggested agriculture as well as oxidation of sulphides as dominant. The conclusion was supported by the comparison of CFCs and sulphate concentrations which revealed no relevant correlation. Geochemical modelling confirmed the presence of sulphate reduction in areas where isotopic analyses were not possible due to undetectable sulphate. Thus, the integrated application of stable isotopes, environmental tracers, groundwater chemistry and geochemical modelling shows a complex origin of groundwater pollution in the study area as well as variety of geochemical processes controlling chemistry of groundwater in a triple-porosity aquifer influenced by different types of human activity. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {38},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84870719180,

title = {Advantages and constraints of groundwater dating using SF6 in carbonate aquifers on the example of MGWB Gliwice [Mozżliwości i ograniczenia zastosowania SF6 do oceny czasu przebywania wód w ośrodkach wȩglanowych na przykładzie GZWP Gliwice]},

author = { S. Jakóbczyk-Karpierz and A. Kowalczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870719180&partnerID=40&md5=8f13d99465dccf38e8fefa1516e61da1},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {451},

pages = {91-100},

abstract = {One of the most important issues in groundwater modelling is a validation process based on a comprehensive study of groundwater flow system. Groundwater dating, using environmental tracers like SF6, is a valuable tool for model verification. The paper describes preliminary results of SF6 application in the recognition of the MGWB Gliwice groundwater system. The aquifer represents a highly complex, triple-porosity hydrogeological system. The research, based on groundwater and surface water sampling carried out in 2010, revealed a generally high concentration of sulphur hexafluoride in water, ranging from 0.29 to 6.17 fmolL-1. In order to assess apparent groundwater age, selected lumped parameter models were applied, with a dispersion model chosen to fit best to the aquifer under investigation. The calculated residence time of tracer in the groundwater system is notably low and ranges generally from 5 to about 35 years, which suggests relatively short groundwater residence time in the aquifer.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84855207539,

title = {Variable infiltration and river flooding resulting in changing groundwater quality - A case study from Central Europe},

author = { K. Miotliński and D. Postma and A. Kowalczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855207539&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhydrol.2011.10.034&partnerID=40&md5=0287819d504fd203f91bd81441d2cf64},

doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.034},

issn = {00221694},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Hydrology},

volume = {414-415},

pages = {211-219},

abstract = {The changes in groundwater quality occurring in a buried valley aquifer following a reduction in groundwater exploitation and enhanced infiltration due to extensive flooding of the Odra River in 1997 were investigated. Long-time series data for the chemical composition of groundwater in a large well field for drinking water supply indicated the deterioration of groundwater quality in the wells capturing water from the flooded area, which had been intensively cultivated since the 1960s. Infiltration of flooded river water into the aquifer is suggested by an elevated chloride concentration, although salt flushing from the rewatered unsaturated zone due to the enhanced recharge event is much more feasible. Concomitantly with chloride increases in the concentrations of sulphate, ferrous iron, manganese, and nickel imply the oxidation of pyrite (FeS 2) which is abundant in the aquifer. The proton production resulting from pyrite oxidation is buffered by the dissolution of calcite, while the Ca:SO 4 stoichiometry of the groundwater indicates that pyrite oxidation coupled with nitrate reduction is the dominant process occurring in the aquifer. The pyritic origin of SO42- is confirmed by the sulphur isotopic composition. The resultant Fe 2+ increase induces Mn-oxide dissolution and the mobilisation of Ni 2+ previously adsorbed to Mn-oxide surfaces. The study has a major implication for groundwater quality prediction studies where there are considerable variations in water level associated with groundwater management and climate change issues. © 2011.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-80155214459,

title = {Application of geochemical modelling in assessing groundwater chemistry evolution in the gliwice łabedy intake area [Zastosowanie modelowania geochemicznego do oceny warunków kształtowania sie składu chemicznego wód podziemnych w rejonie ujecia gliwice łabedy]},

author = { S. Jakóbczyk-Karpierz and A. Kowalczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80155214459&partnerID=40&md5=f3e8894d77d0bbc7e656107dc3448b89},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {445 PART 1},

pages = {217-226},

abstract = {Paper presents results of spatial and temporal analysis of groundwater chemistry in Triassic fractured-karst-porous aquifer in the area of Gliwice łabdy well field for the years 1995-2010. Outcome of geochemical modelling was also described as a tool for quantitative assessment of geochemical processes active in that part of the carbonate aquifer. Spatial heterogeneity of groundwater chemistry within the study area is manifested mainly by higher mineralization and concentrations of major ions west of the trough filled with Miocene evaporite deposits, what reflects significant impact of Miocene sediments on the groundwater chemistry. Major processes controlling chemical composition of groundwater within the study area are dissolution of carbonates and evaporites, sulfides oxidation and denitrification. Redox processes play an important role particularly in the agricultural area where elevated concentrations of nitrates where observed. Geochemical modelling with Phreeqc allowed the authors to distinguish sources of sulphates in groundwater (sulphides oxidation and gypsum dissolution) in different parts of the investigated aquifer.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-80055067017,

title = {Metals and metalloids in water from municipal wells and tap water in the area of racibórz [Wystepowanie metali i metaloidów w wodach z ujeć wodociagowych i z kranu u konsumenta na obszarze miasta racibórz]},

author = { H. Rubin and S. Jakóbczyk-Karpierz and A. Kowalczyk and K. Rubin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055067017&partnerID=40&md5=e46405dc8ac8b7558cad8d0810d4c4ca},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {445 PART 2},

pages = {603-614},

abstract = {Paper describes results of investigation on metals and metalloids concentrations in water from well fields and consumers' tap water in Racibórz. Concentrations above the maximum admissible level (MAL) were found for iron, manganese and lead in groundwater from municipal wells supplying citizens. Treatment processes lower elevated concentrations of investigated constituents below the MAL successfully. Concentrations of almost all investigated elements in tap water show increased maximum values with respect to water after treatment. In case of iron, nickel and lead, concentrations exceeding MAL were detected. Authors analyzed influence of different factors on occurrence of increased values of metals and metalloids in tap water. It was estimated that exposure of the consumers to iron is low and to nickel and lead is very low. Conclusions on measures to be taken to improve the drinking water quality in the area of Raciborz were presented.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78650149465,

title = {Groundwater chemistry of the triassic carbonate aquifer in the bibiela well field area in view of geochemical modelling [SkŁad chemiczny wód podziemnych wȩglanowego kompleksu wodonośnego triasu w rejonie ujȩcia bibiela w świetle badań modelowych]},

author = { S. Jakóbczyk-Karpierz and A. Kowalczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650149465&partnerID=40&md5=9a77df1b93ab9fc2562022fe20eb7849},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {442},

pages = {79-84},

abstract = {The Bibiela well field is one of the biggest intakes in the Upper Silesian region, extracting groundwater from the Triassic carbonate aquifer. The paper describes groundwater chemistry based on over 5000 chemical analyses of water from 22 wells from the years of 1956-2009. Saturation conditions of water with respect to calcite, dolomite and gypsum were calculated by means of AquaChem software combined with Phreeqc. Chemical composition of considered groundwater shows spatial and temporal variability mostly due to complicated geology. Intensive groundwater exploitation caused water table lowering of about 70 m, what changed hydrogeochemical conditions and caused some processes to happen or intensify. The most probable process is calcite and dolomite dissolution but also dedolomitization due to inflow of water enriched with SO4 and Ca ions from the dissolution of gypsum.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78650120830,

title = {Chemical composition of groundwater in the pleistocene aquifer in the area of kotlarnia sand PIT [Formowanie siȩ skŁadu chemicznego wód podziemnych plejstoceńskiego poziomu wodonośnego w rejonie kopalni piasku kotlarnia]},

author = { J. Kaźmierczak and A. Kowalczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650120830&partnerID=40&md5=0e5203d293b271fb7e2e61b86edd4fa3},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {442},

pages = {101-108},

abstract = {The paper presents factors and processes determining chemical composition of groundwater from the Pleistocene aquifer in the area of Kotlarnia sand pit in the conditions of maximal lowering of water table. Diagnostic surface- and groundwater monitoring, field and laboratory research were carried out in November 2009. Hydrogeochemical processes occurring in investigated aquifer were identified on the basis of geochemical modeling performed by using PhreeqC codes. Water from a great part of the researched Pleistocene aquifer is rich in SO42-, characterized by diversified mineralization (TDS from 100.76 to 277.28 mg/1) and diversified pH, often lowered to the value of 5.09. Locally, there occurs highly mineralized (TDS up to 7495.71 mg/1) groundwater of Cl-Na type. One of the most important factors influencing changes in the chemical composition of groundwater are loosing of polluted water from the Bierawka river and longlasting lowering of the groundwater table by mining drainage. Pyrite occurring in the unsaturated zone of increased thickness is oxidized either by O2 or NO3-. Aforementioned process is responsible for both decreased pH value (below 6.0) and increased concentration of SO42- in the examined groundwater. Secondary processes connected with pyrite oxidation, such as ion exchange or gypsum precipitation, have also been recognized.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78650117223,

title = {Impact assessment of municipal landfill in tychy on groundwater environment - modelling study [Ocena oddziaŁywania skŁadowiska odpadów komunalnych w tychach na środowisko wód podziemnych w świetle badań modelowych]},

author = { S.S. Sitek and A.J. Witkowski and A. Kowalczyk and A.M. Zurek-Pucek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650117223&partnerID=40&md5=316e76c3382513357b701345abf52ef7},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

urldate = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {442},

pages = {147-152},

abstract = {The municipal landfill in Tychy-Urbanowice consists of three sites, the old one closed in 1994 and two others in use. The old part, against two other ones, is not lined and, as a result, the landfill leachate deteriorates the quality of groundwater. The objective of the modelling study was to apply 3D transport modelling for assessment and prediction of municipal landfill impact within the Quaternary aquifer. The transient transport models using FeFlow software have been constructed. For single-species transport model boron has been chosen. The results indicate that the contamination plume of boron has been moved downstream from the old landfill towards the Gostynia River. The plume is currently about 750 meters long and 250 meters wide. The highest concentration of boron is 13 mg/1 under the old landfill and, as a result of dispersion, concentration decreases to 1-2 mg/l at the distance of 300 meters downwards from the old landfill, what was confirmed by both model simulation and monitoring network observation. The predictions made on the model show that contamination plume still spreads and higher level concentration of boron will be observed downstream from the old landfill site.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77957998577,

title = {What Polish mining owes to Polish hydrogeology?},

author = { A. Kowalczyk and A.J. Witkowski and A. Rózkowski and A. Szczepański and M. Rogoz and J. Przybyłek and S. Staśko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957998577&partnerID=40&md5=1b293b2e714bc440262d21565adcfb9f},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {58},

number = {9 PART 1},

pages = {774-786},

abstract = {Poland is endowed with the wealth of mineral resources, especially resources of coal and lignite, metal ores and mineral raw materials for chemical industry. Exploitation of these resources as a rule leads to inflow of water to mine workings and thus to various technical problems which have to be solved. Such problems arise at all the stages of management of mineral deposits, from reconnaissance and prospecting and exploration to preparing of a deposit for exploitation and exploitation and closing of mines. The water can have significant negative influence on prospecting and exploration and preparation of deposits to exploitation and creates a risk for mining operations and miners. Water inflow also results in environmental changes and increases extraction costs. The arising problems are technical and economic in character and the key for their solution is hydrogeology or, more precisely speaking, one of its more specialized branches - that is mining hydrogeology. The aim of this paper is to show the role and significance of hydrogeological works in management of mineral resources. A special attention is paid to the major achievements of Polish hydrology, which contributed to the developments in mining in our country and the world. Moreover, significance of contribution of hydrogeology at all the stages of mineral resources management, from reconnaissance and prospecting to exploitation of mineral deposits and closing of mines, is discussed. The presentation is of the review type and comprises examples of contributions of hydrogeology to exploration and documentation of individual mineral deposits, including assessments of mine water inflow and risks, environmental impact of mining operations and water management issues. It is worth to note that achievements of the mining hydrogeology from the last twenty years were mainly connected with working out methods for forecasting and assessments of environmental impact of closing the mines. In short, it may be stated that the actual contribution of Polish hydrogeology to the developments of mining sector is well shown by the presented examples concerning practically all the major mineral resources and the whole process of their management.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-70350497130,

title = {Groundwater quality in the catchment area of the Świerczków infiltration groundwater intake in tarnów [JAKOŚĆ WÓD PODZIEMNYCH NA OBSZARZE ZASILANIA UJȨCIA INFlLTRACYJNEGO ŚWIERCZKÓW W TARNOWIE]},

author = { G. Wojtal and A. Kowalczyk and T. Rzepecki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350497130&partnerID=40&md5=cd60b27b384f550f64d20d85ef867f80},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {436},

pages = {547-554},

abstract = {The Świerczków infiltration groundwater intake in Tarnów has been exploited since 1910. While building the intake, the surrounding area was undeveloped and free of potential industrial sources of groundwater contamination. At present, the Świerczków intake is surrounded by an industrial area of a large chemical company Zakłady Azotowe in Tarnów Mościce SA established in the 1920s. The infiltration wells extract water from the Pleistocene aquifer periodically additionally recharged by surface waters from the Dunajec River.Physiochemical parameters indicate significant changes in chemical composition of groundwater from the Pleistocene aquifer around the Świerczków water intake. Increased contents of CP, Na +, k +, NH 4+, Al 3+and Cd 2+ ions as well as the presence of multi-ion chemical types of most of the tested waters confirm the above theory. The wastes deposited in the area of Zaklady Azotowe and around, as well as pollution emitted by the factory are the main factors responsible for the quality and chemical state of the groundwater because of their direct and indirect permeation to water.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-70350495193,

title = {Cation exchange capacity and the influence of ion exchange on chemical composition of groundwater in the buried valley in the racibórz area [Pojemność wymiany Kationów Osadów Plejstocenu I Wpływ Wymiany Jonowej Na Skład Chemiczny Wód Podziemnych W Dounie Kopalnej W Rejonie Raciborza]},

author = { K. Potoczny and K. Miotliński and A. Kowalczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350495193&partnerID=40&md5=abeac863b25bbd766380d3ac26d170e9},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {436},

pages = {387-396},

abstract = {Ion exchange is one of the major geochemical processes affecting chemical composition of potable groundwater. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is a major parameter required by reactive transport models. Nevertheless, the said parameter is rarely quantitativelyevaluated in hydrogeochemical studies. Since the role of reactive transport models increases, the choice of the most accurate method of CEC evaluation is of major significance in groundwater studies. The paper presents the values of CEC of sediments sampled in the buried valley aquifer in the Racibórz area. In that aquifer, the distribution of many cations is controlled by ion exchange process. The measurements of CEC were performed with the use of three conventional methods (empirical formula; batch test and column experiment). Subsequently, the differences among the results are discussed.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-70350509612,

title = {High-resolution 3d structural model of major groundwater basin (mgwb) gliwice no 330 [SzczegóŁowy model struktury 3d zbiornika gzwp gliwice nr 330]},

author = { S.S. Sitek and A. Kowalczyk and Z. Malolepszy},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350509612&partnerID=40&md5=9ae5f34774c8ae8c01cefc9e61a2cc9b},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

urldate = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {436},

pages = {463-468},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {Construction of multilayer numerical models in a karst-fractured medium creates big difficulties in the correct and credible presentation of groundwater flow systems. Presentation of geometric groundwater medium using data from 2D geological maps, bore holes and geological cross-sections can be insufficient without acute interpretation of deep geological structure. Applications of new techniques of computer 3D geological modelling helps better mapping and understand deep geological structure. In the paper 3D geological model of MGWB Gliwice is presented. Geological model has been developed using Earth Vision software. Possibility of presenting 3D hydrogeological formation in geological structure model with many horsts and grabens separated by faults will be have significantly influenced on correctness digitizing hydrogeological medium structure in the flow model FeFlow.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-47749119124,

title = {Geochemical features of re-deposited organic matter occurring in fluvioglacial sediments in the Racibórz region (Poland): A case study},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and K. Miotliński and A. Kowalczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-47749119124&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemgeo.2008.05.003&partnerID=40&md5=d0e5c23746674e2d9699376fb4915f8c},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.05.003},

issn = {00092541},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {253},

number = {3-4},

pages = {151-161},

abstract = {The erosion of rocks rich in organic matter typically leads to the complete mineralization of the organic material. However, in some cases, it is re-deposited to become a part of sediments once more. This process should be considered to be a part of global carbon cycle, possibly much more significant than assumed to-date. The research presented here aims to characterize re-worked organic matter occurring in post-glacial sediments of southern part of Poland, in the Oder river valley (the Racibórz town region; Miocene; Pleistocene and Holocene age). Organic substances extracted from the sediments originated from organic matter that had resided in rocks eroded by glaciers. Sediments were sampled in two boreholes which sediments were correlated. Sediments were extracted and extracts analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to assess distributions of biomarker groups. Organic matter of selected samples was pre-concentrated and analyzed with Py/GC-MS. In the extracts several biomarker parameters of source/environment and thermal maturity were calculated. Organic substances in the investigated sediments come from variable re-deposited organic matter occurring in rocks eroded by glaciers. Three main parent types of re-deposited organic material are identified showing variable geochemical features: 1) organic matter of recent or almost recent age being the source of polar labile compounds; probably formed in situ, 2) re-deposited organic matter of the middle diagenesis showing features similar to lignites (huminite reflectance Rf ~ 0.25-0.35%) deriving from angiosperm remains, mainly monocotyledons and to the lower extend also deciduous trees, 3) re-deposited organic matter at the middle catagenesis (Rf ~ 0.65-0.75%) being the source of most of aromatic hydrocarbons and biomarkers such as steranes, hopanes of the more thermally advanced distribution type. Its geochemical properties and assumed directions of sediment transport indicate bituminous coals of Upper Silesian Coal Basin together with coaly shales as a possible source of this organic matter. Such mixed origin of organic matter caused large discrepancies in values of thermal maturity parameters depending on input from the particular sources and occurrence both geochemical biomarkers and their biochemical precursors in the same samples. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-46249126187,

title = {Groundwater recharge of carbonate aquifers of the Silesian-Cracow Triassic (southern Poland) under human impact},

author = { A. Kowalczyk and A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-46249126187&doi=10.1007%2fs00254-007-0999-9&partnerID=40&md5=250d212cea85df7597f5f987ae569654},

doi = {10.1007/s00254-007-0999-9},

issn = {09430105},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Geology},

volume = {55},

number = {2},

pages = {235-246},

abstract = {A Triassic carbonate unit has been intensively drained by zinc and lead ore mines and numerous borehole fields since the nineteenth century. Its groundwater recharge has increased due to: pumping of water from boreholes, mining activity, and urbanization. An approach to determine the amounts of the recharge at a variety of spatial scales is presented in the paper. Different methods were used to identify and quantify recharge components on a regional and local scale: mathematical modelling was performed for four aquifers included in an aquifer system, an analytical estimation based on the assumption that an average recharge is equal to the average discharge of the hydrogeological system-for six man-made drainage centres, and the method of water level fluctuation (WLF) was applied in one observation borehole. Results of modelling have been supplemented by observation of environmental tracers (δ18O; δ2H; 3H), noble gases temperatures, and 4Heexc in groundwater. The regional aquifer's current recharge according to estimations performed by means of modelling varies from 39 to 101 mm/year on average. Depending on the aquifer site the average precipitation ranges from 779 to 864 mm/year. In the confined part of the aquifer average recharge ranges from 26 to 61 mm/year. Within outcrops average recharge varies from 96 to 370 mm/year. Current recharge estimated by the analytical method for man-made drainage centres varies from 158 up to 440 mm/year. High values are caused by different recharge sources like precipitation, induced leakage from shallow aquifers, and water losses from streams, water mains and sewer systems. Pumping of water, mining and municipal activities constitute additional factors accounting for the intensified recharge. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0037840479,

title = {Groundwater vulnerability map of the Chrzanów karst-fissured Triassic aquifer (Poland)},

author = { A.J. Witkowski and K. Rubin and A. Kowalczyk and A. Rózkowski and J. Wróbel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037840479&doi=10.1007%2fs00254-002-0735-4&partnerID=40&md5=f29331c98194fda05a49f0f16bbc591a},

doi = {10.1007/s00254-002-0735-4},

issn = {09430105},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Geology},

volume = {44},

number = {1},

pages = {59-67},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {A map shows intrinsic vulnerability to pollution of the Chrzanów karst-fissured aquifer (273 km2) in the southern part of Poland. This aquifer is intensively drained by numerous intakes and Zn-Pb ore mines. A DRASTIC-type parametric system was applied for groundwater vulnerability evaluation. Vulnerability assessment is based on six factors (depth to groundwater table, lithology of the unsaturated zone, net recharge, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, groundwater flow velocity, aquifer thickness). For the final vulnerability map construction at the scale of 1:50,000, a combination of the aquifer simulation model (using MODFLOW) and a geographical information system was applied. Maps of the net recharge, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer and groundwater flow velocity were derived by aquifer modelling. Based on the vulnerability index (21-182), six relative vulnerability classes were selected. Reliability of the map has been verified.},

note = {35},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-18344402482,

title = {Groundwater recharge of karst-fractured major aquifer Lubliniec-Myszków by means of mathematical modelling [Odnawialność wód podziemnych szczelinowo-krasowego zbiornika Lubliniec-Myszków w świetle badań modelowych]},

author = { A. Kowalczyk and K. Rubin and W. Treichel and J. Wróbel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-18344402482&partnerID=40&md5=84f38e9d58b93722dcc24c0b996dbf42},

issn = {02086603},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {404},

pages = {51-66},

abstract = {The Lubliniec-Myszków aquifer is situated in Cracow-Silesia monocline within an area of ca. 2100 km2. The water-bearing complex is composed of dolomites, limestones and marls of Triassic age with a total thickness of about 10-250 m. Throughout most of the area this is overlain by Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic formations with a very low permeability. The total amount of water withdrawn from the aquifer is actually about 48 millions m3 per year. In order to recognize main sources of groundwater recharge of the Triassic aquifer a mathematical model of the system was developed using the Modflow computer code. In the model a steady-state groundwater flow was simulated to refine the water balance of the system. The water budget shows that the total renowable groundwater resources of the Triassic aquifer are equal to 39 mm per year (1.2 dm3/skm2). The main source of total renewal is induced leakage of water from shallow aquifer through semipermeable deposits of Upper Triassic formation and it is equal to 25 mm per year. However, this leakage is inhomogeneous over the aquifer and varies from less to 9 mm per year up to 69 mm per year.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0036988931,

title = {Hydrogeology of Triassic karst-fractured aquifer in Tarnowskie Góry area [Kształtowanie siȩ warunków hydrogeologicznych szczelinowowo-Krasowego kompleksu wodonośnego triasu w rejonie tarnowskich Gór]},

author = { A. Kowalczyk and H. Rubin and K. Rubin and J. Lewandowski and W. Bardziński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036988931&partnerID=40&md5=d70b710996239281f3251633279e10f1},

issn = {02086603},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {404},

pages = {29-50},

abstract = {In the range of Tarnowskie Góry urbanized area the main usable aquifer is the Triassic carbonate complex. This complex is overlain by shallow Quaternary aquifer. This karst-fractured-porous complex is intersected by number of old shafts, galleries of the abandoned Pb-Ag and Fe ore mines. There are also quarries of dolomites. Urban and industrial impact has led to a parallel expansion of groundwater abstraction and to significant modifications of groundwater flow system and water budget. The new sources of groundwater recharge and discharge are induced or existed sources are intensified. Downward leakage of shallow Quaternary groundwater is a significant component of recharge to the carbonate aquifer. This has been induced by heavy abstraction of groundwater by wells and galleries. Seepage of municipal and industrial wastewaters and uncontrolled industrial disposals have produced substantial deterioration in the groundwater quality of the two aquifers. Groundwater of carbonate aquifer is contaminated with elevated concentrations of nitrates, sulphates, chloride and boron and with chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents; trichloroethen and tetrachloroethen. As a consequence, a number of wells are abandoned and some of another ones may be closed in the future.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-5944259725,

title = {Problemy oceny zasobów dyspozycyjnych wód podziemnych w zlewniach w warunkach aktywnej antropopresji},

author = { A. Kowalczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-5944259725&partnerID=40&md5=941fdba03435632231cf044a3a61f5ab},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {44},

number = {8},

pages = {840-844},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-5944231838,

title = {Rozpoznanie, zagospodarowanie i zasoby wód podziemnych wybranych zbiorników triasu górnośla(Combining ogonek sign)skiego},

author = { A. Kowalczyk and J. Kropka and A. Rózkowski and K. Rubin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-5944231838&partnerID=40&md5=7cae8472cb9edd5963d0fa16211acf33},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {44},

number = {8},

pages = {827-833},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-5944221401,

title = {Wyste(Combining ogonek sign)powanie, zasoby i użytkowanie zwykłych wód podziemnych w zlewni górnej Odry i górnej Wisły w zasiȩgu województwa katowickiego i bielskiego},

author = { A. Rózkowski and A. Kowalczyk and A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-5944221401&partnerID=40&md5=626199544e8fb0e281072055cf83fa23},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {44},

number = {8},

pages = {834-839},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}