• dr hab. Robert Machowski
Position: adiunkt
Unit: Instytut Nauk o Ziemi
Adress: 41-200 Sosnowiec, ul. Będzińska 60
Floor: XVII
Room: 1708
Phone: (32) 3689 485
E-mail: robert.machowski@us.edu.pl
Publications list: Publications by CINiBA
Publications list: Publications by OPUS
Scopus Author ID: 55323109500
Publications from the Scopus database
2023
Rzętała, M. A.; Machowski, R.; Solarski, M.; Bakota, D.; Płomiński, A.; Rzętała, M.
Toxic Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids in Bottom Sediments as a Geoecological Indicator of a Water Body’s Suitability for Recreational Use Journal Article
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 20, no. 5, 2023, ISSN: 16617827, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85149917244,
title = {Toxic Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids in Bottom Sediments as a Geoecological Indicator of a Water Body’s Suitability for Recreational Use},
author = { M.A. Rzętała and R. Machowski and M. Solarski and D. Bakota and A. Płomiński and M. Rzętała},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149917244&doi=10.3390%2fijerph20054334&partnerID=40&md5=1bbaf32b72099df3486e225dc1447da5},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph20054334},
issn = {16617827},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
publisher = {MDPI},
abstract = {The study of bottom sediments was conducted within the basins of water bodies used for recreational purposes (e.g.; bathing; fishing and diving) in the Silesian Upland and its periphery in southern Poland. Various concentrations of trace elements were found in bottom sediments, reflected by the following levels: Pb (30–3020 mg/kg), Zn (142–35;300 mg/kg), Cd (0.7–286 mg/kg), Ni (10–115 mg/kg), Cu (11–298 mg/kg), Co (3–40 mg/kg), Cr (22–203 mg/kg), As (8–178 mg/kg), Ba (263–19;300 mg/kg), Sb (0.9–52.5 mg/kg), Br (1–31 mg/kg), Sr (63–510 mg/kg) and S (0.001–4.590%). These trace elements are present in amounts that usually exceed those found in other bodies of water or are sometimes even unprecedented among bodies of water in the world (e.g.; cadmium—286 mg/kg; zinc—35;300 mg/kg; lead—3020 mg/kg; arsenic—178 mg/kg). It was found that bottom sediments were contaminated to varying degrees with toxic metals, metalloids and non-metals, as evidenced by the values of geoecological indicators, i.e., the geoaccumulation index (−6.31 < Igeo < 10.90), the sediment contamination factor (0.0 ≤ (Formula presented.) < 286.0), the sediment contamination degree (4.6 < Cd < 513.1) and the ratios of the concentrations found to the regional geochemical background (0.5 < IRE < 196.9). It was concluded that the presence of toxic elements (e.g.; lead; zinc; cadmium; chromium; strontium and arsenic) in bottom sediments should be taken into account when classifying water bodies as suitable for recreational use. A maximum ratio of the concentrations found to the regional geochemical background of IRE ≤ 5.0 was proposed as the threshold for the permissibility of recreational use of water bodies. The water bodies used for recreational purposes in the Silesian Upland and its periphery do not meet the geoecological conditions for safe use in terms of recreation and leisure activities. Forms of their recreational use that directly affect the participants’ health (e.g.; fishing and the consumption of fish and other aquatic organisms) should be abandoned. © 2023 by the authors.},
note = {1},
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The study of bottom sediments was conducted within the basins of water bodies used for recreational purposes (e.g.; bathing; fishing and diving) in the Silesian Upland and its periphery in southern Poland. Various concentrations of trace elements were found in bottom sediments, reflected by the following levels: Pb (30–3020 mg/kg), Zn (142–35;300 mg/kg), Cd (0.7–286 mg/kg), Ni (10–115 mg/kg), Cu (11–298 mg/kg), Co (3–40 mg/kg), Cr (22–203 mg/kg), As (8–178 mg/kg), Ba (263–19;300 mg/kg), Sb (0.9–52.5 mg/kg), Br (1–31 mg/kg), Sr (63–510 mg/kg) and S (0.001–4.590%). These trace elements are present in amounts that usually exceed those found in other bodies of water or are sometimes even unprecedented among bodies of water in the world (e.g.; cadmium—286 mg/kg; zinc—35;300 mg/kg; lead—3020 mg/kg; arsenic—178 mg/kg). It was found that bottom sediments were contaminated to varying degrees with toxic metals, metalloids and non-metals, as evidenced by the values of geoecological indicators, i.e., the geoaccumulation index (−6.31 < Igeo < 10.90), the sediment contamination factor (0.0 ≤ (Formula presented.) < 286.0), the sediment contamination degree (4.6 < Cd < 513.1) and the ratios of the concentrations found to the regional geochemical background (0.5 < IRE < 196.9). It was concluded that the presence of toxic elements (e.g.; lead; zinc; cadmium; chromium; strontium and arsenic) in bottom sediments should be taken into account when classifying water bodies as suitable for recreational use. A maximum ratio of the concentrations found to the regional geochemical background of IRE ≤ 5.0 was proposed as the threshold for the permissibility of recreational use of water bodies. The water bodies used for recreational purposes in the Silesian Upland and its periphery do not meet the geoecological conditions for safe use in terms of recreation and leisure activities. Forms of their recreational use that directly affect the participants’ health (e.g.; fishing and the consumption of fish and other aquatic organisms) should be abandoned. © 2023 by the authors.
2022
Solarski, M.; Machowski, R.; Rzętała, M.; Rzętała, M. A.
Hypsometric changes in urban areas resulting from multiple years of mining activity Journal Article
In: Scientific Reports, vol. 12, no. 1, 2022, ISSN: 20452322, (14).
@article{2-s2.0-85125154026,
title = {Hypsometric changes in urban areas resulting from multiple years of mining activity},
author = { M. Solarski and R. Machowski and M. Rzętała and M.A. Rzętała},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125154026&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-022-06847-8&partnerID=40&md5=a23d658ae3d2a0109e866c48895debed},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-06847-8},
issn = {20452322},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
publisher = {Nature Research},
abstract = {The impact of multiple years of underground mining of minerals on changes in the elevation of an urban area has been evaluated using the case study of Bytom in southern Poland. Between 1883 and 2011, that city experienced changes in absolute minimum (from 250.0 to 243.0 m a.s.l.) and maximum (from 340.0 to 348.4 m a.s.l.) elevations. During that period, the difference between minimum and maximum elevations increased from 90.0 to 105.4 m. The consequence of underground mining has been the formation of extensive subsidence basins with a maximum depth of 35 m. Where the terrain became raised, its elevation rose most commonly by 1.1 m to 5.0 m, with maximum increase in elevation caused by human activity amounting to 35 m. The rate of anthropogenic subsidence in the city between 1883 and 2011 averaged 43 mm/year (5.5 m over the study period). © 2022, The Author(s).},
note = {14},
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tppubtype = {article}
}
The impact of multiple years of underground mining of minerals on changes in the elevation of an urban area has been evaluated using the case study of Bytom in southern Poland. Between 1883 and 2011, that city experienced changes in absolute minimum (from 250.0 to 243.0 m a.s.l.) and maximum (from 340.0 to 348.4 m a.s.l.) elevations. During that period, the difference between minimum and maximum elevations increased from 90.0 to 105.4 m. The consequence of underground mining has been the formation of extensive subsidence basins with a maximum depth of 35 m. Where the terrain became raised, its elevation rose most commonly by 1.1 m to 5.0 m, with maximum increase in elevation caused by human activity amounting to 35 m. The rate of anthropogenic subsidence in the city between 1883 and 2011 averaged 43 mm/year (5.5 m over the study period). © 2022, The Author(s).
Machowski, R.
Changes in the Landform and Water Conditions of the Industri-Alized Urban Area as a Result of Mining Activities Journal Article
In: Land, vol. 11, no. 10, 2022, ISSN: 2073445X, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85140914016,
title = {Changes in the Landform and Water Conditions of the Industri-Alized Urban Area as a Result of Mining Activities},
author = { R. Machowski},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140914016&doi=10.3390%2fland11101710&partnerID=40&md5=e231613a8c0b6079b01ca0f9ea7718fb},
doi = {10.3390/land11101710},
issn = {2073445X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Land},
volume = {11},
number = {10},
publisher = {MDPI},
abstract = {A particularly large accumulation of mining subsidence basins is characteristic for the Silesian Upland in southern Poland. This region is home to one of Europe’s largest coal basins. The objective of the study was to assess the subsidence process on the land surface in an industrialized urban area, as well as their impact on changes in the water cycle. Detailed studies were conducted in an area of 51.26 km2, which covers urban areas—mainly of Świętochłowice and partly Ruda Śląska and Chorzów, as well as Bytom and Zabrze. In the period 1883–1994 land surface depressions were revealed in an area of 38.8 km2, which constitutes 75.7% of the study area. In total, the endorheic areas spread over 6.9 km2. Changes in land reliefs have resulted in distinct water-cycle disturbances at local and regional levels. A generalised water-cycle scheme has been developed for the mining subsidence zone. The main directions of changes in water migration within the endorheic subsidence basin have been indicated, accounting for the situation before and after land subsidence. Consequently, this results in an average excess of 1.7 hm3 of water per year in the water cycle in these areas. © 2022 by the author.},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A particularly large accumulation of mining subsidence basins is characteristic for the Silesian Upland in southern Poland. This region is home to one of Europe’s largest coal basins. The objective of the study was to assess the subsidence process on the land surface in an industrialized urban area, as well as their impact on changes in the water cycle. Detailed studies were conducted in an area of 51.26 km2, which covers urban areas—mainly of Świętochłowice and partly Ruda Śląska and Chorzów, as well as Bytom and Zabrze. In the period 1883–1994 land surface depressions were revealed in an area of 38.8 km2, which constitutes 75.7% of the study area. In total, the endorheic areas spread over 6.9 km2. Changes in land reliefs have resulted in distinct water-cycle disturbances at local and regional levels. A generalised water-cycle scheme has been developed for the mining subsidence zone. The main directions of changes in water migration within the endorheic subsidence basin have been indicated, accounting for the situation before and after land subsidence. Consequently, this results in an average excess of 1.7 hm3 of water per year in the water cycle in these areas. © 2022 by the author.
2021
Ramanchuk, A. I.; Makarevich, T. A.; Khomitch, S.; Machowski, R.; Rzętała, M. A.; Rzętała, M.
Methodological approaches to phytomediation of productive processes in chalk quarry reservoirs of Belarus Journal Article
In: Ecological Indicators, vol. 129, 2021, ISSN: 1470160X.
@article{2-s2.0-85110514822,
title = {Methodological approaches to phytomediation of productive processes in chalk quarry reservoirs of Belarus},
author = { A.I. Ramanchuk and T.A. Makarevich and S. Khomitch and R. Machowski and M.A. Rzętała and M. Rzętała},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85110514822&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecolind.2021.107995&partnerID=40&md5=b4064fc05cdb0f609b7836debcaaa1ed},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107995},
issn = {1470160X},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Ecological Indicators},
volume = {129},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {As concerns field work, bathymetric measurements as well as measurements of physical and chemical parameters of water were conducted, and samples were collected for laboratory tests, which included quantitative and qualitative hydrobiological analyses concerning e.g. the abundance, biomass and species composition of phytoplankton, seston and chlorophyll. Six water bodies (situated in flooded chalk pits) with different morphometric parameters (areas ranging from 2.22 to 37.67 ha; depths ranging from 5.1 to 23.0 m and nearshore shallow areas ranging from 0.39 to 2.64 ha) and with different bioproductive characteristics of water mass (eg. transparency – 1.2–6.8 m; phosphates – 0.002–0.110 mg/dm3; nitrates – 0.040–0.600 mg NO-3/dm3; biomass of phytoplankton – 0.075–1.801 mg/dm3; seston – 0.73–5.56 mg/dm3) were selected for the study of the phytomediation mechanism. The specificity of structural and functional relationships between the abiotic and biotic components of productive-macrophyte and productive-phytoplankton reservoirs is determined. It was established that macrophyte water bodies in flooded chalk pits are able to maintain their basic production and trophic characteristics in the long term under anthropogenic influence conditions. An algorithm is proposed for calculating the level (E – 89.58–115.13), productivity index (K – 11.16–54.15) and gradient (E – 2.1–9.8) of eutrophication of chalk (limestone) quarry reservoirs using the morphometric specificity indicator of the trophogenic epilimnial layer (Sτ – 0.05–0.270). The revealed dependence of the productive and functional organization and trophic status of a quarry reservoir on the morphometric features of a technogenic basin is proposed to be used in the design of sustainably functioning macrophyte-type aquatic systems at the stage of mining and engineering reclamation. The possibility of creating ecologically sustainable lake-type aquatic systems on the site of resource depleted chalk quarries in the process of phytomediation of productive processes is substantiated. Research on innovative methods of reclamation of flooded chalk pits is in line with several sustainable development goals. © 2021 The Authors},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
As concerns field work, bathymetric measurements as well as measurements of physical and chemical parameters of water were conducted, and samples were collected for laboratory tests, which included quantitative and qualitative hydrobiological analyses concerning e.g. the abundance, biomass and species composition of phytoplankton, seston and chlorophyll. Six water bodies (situated in flooded chalk pits) with different morphometric parameters (areas ranging from 2.22 to 37.67 ha; depths ranging from 5.1 to 23.0 m and nearshore shallow areas ranging from 0.39 to 2.64 ha) and with different bioproductive characteristics of water mass (eg. transparency – 1.2–6.8 m; phosphates – 0.002–0.110 mg/dm3; nitrates – 0.040–0.600 mg NO-3/dm3; biomass of phytoplankton – 0.075–1.801 mg/dm3; seston – 0.73–5.56 mg/dm3) were selected for the study of the phytomediation mechanism. The specificity of structural and functional relationships between the abiotic and biotic components of productive-macrophyte and productive-phytoplankton reservoirs is determined. It was established that macrophyte water bodies in flooded chalk pits are able to maintain their basic production and trophic characteristics in the long term under anthropogenic influence conditions. An algorithm is proposed for calculating the level (E – 89.58–115.13), productivity index (K – 11.16–54.15) and gradient (E – 2.1–9.8) of eutrophication of chalk (limestone) quarry reservoirs using the morphometric specificity indicator of the trophogenic epilimnial layer (Sτ – 0.05–0.270). The revealed dependence of the productive and functional organization and trophic status of a quarry reservoir on the morphometric features of a technogenic basin is proposed to be used in the design of sustainably functioning macrophyte-type aquatic systems at the stage of mining and engineering reclamation. The possibility of creating ecologically sustainable lake-type aquatic systems on the site of resource depleted chalk quarries in the process of phytomediation of productive processes is substantiated. Research on innovative methods of reclamation of flooded chalk pits is in line with several sustainable development goals. © 2021 The Authors
2020
Bakota, D.; Machowski, R.; Płomiński, A.; Ramanchuk, A. I.; Rzętała, M.; Zastavetska, L.
The disaster as a factor in the development of modern tourism. A study case based on the chernobyl nuclear power plant Journal Article
In: Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 1729-1741, 2020, ISSN: 20687729, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85097526573,
title = {The disaster as a factor in the development of modern tourism. A study case based on the chernobyl nuclear power plant},
author = { D. Bakota and R. Machowski and A. Płomiński and A.I. Ramanchuk and M. Rzętała and L. Zastavetska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097526573&doi=10.14505%2fjemt.11.7%2847%29.14&partnerID=40&md5=bc6356b09daf6947be630da4827659c6},
doi = {10.14505/jemt.11.7(47).14},
issn = {20687729},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism},
volume = {11},
number = {7},
pages = {1729-1741},
publisher = {ASERS Publishing House},
abstract = {The destination which attracts tourists is the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone established in the area of radioactive contamination within a radius of 10 to 30 km around the plant. The main tourist attraction of the zone is the infrastructure of the inactive nuclear power plant, notably reactor no. 4 covered with a concrete and steel sarcophagus. The abandoned city of Pripyat, called the "ghost town", is also of unique value to tourism. The "Duga" radar station (also dubbed "The Eye of Moscow"), an artefact of the Cold War, also lies within the zone accessible to tourists. These sites, with their mysterious and dark history, are a magnet for an increasing number of tourist groups. In 1995 the zone was visited by 900 tourists. Subsequent years have brought a regular annual growth in the number of visitors to 17,800 in 2013. A decline came in 2014 (8400), which was caused by the political situation in Ukraine (e.g. Euromajdan). The last five years (2015-2019) are characterised by a very large annual increase in the number of tourists, and in some years, an almost a doubling of the humbers compared to the previous year (2015 – 16;400; 2016 – 35;100; 2017 – 46;136; 2018 – 71;869; 2019 – 124;001). © 2020 by ASERS® Publishing. All rights reserved.},
note = {2},
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pubstate = {published},
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}
The destination which attracts tourists is the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone established in the area of radioactive contamination within a radius of 10 to 30 km around the plant. The main tourist attraction of the zone is the infrastructure of the inactive nuclear power plant, notably reactor no. 4 covered with a concrete and steel sarcophagus. The abandoned city of Pripyat, called the "ghost town", is also of unique value to tourism. The "Duga" radar station (also dubbed "The Eye of Moscow"), an artefact of the Cold War, also lies within the zone accessible to tourists. These sites, with their mysterious and dark history, are a magnet for an increasing number of tourist groups. In 1995 the zone was visited by 900 tourists. Subsequent years have brought a regular annual growth in the number of visitors to 17,800 in 2013. A decline came in 2014 (8400), which was caused by the political situation in Ukraine (e.g. Euromajdan). The last five years (2015-2019) are characterised by a very large annual increase in the number of tourists, and in some years, an almost a doubling of the humbers compared to the previous year (2015 – 16;400; 2016 – 35;100; 2017 – 46;136; 2018 – 71;869; 2019 – 124;001). © 2020 by ASERS® Publishing. All rights reserved.
2019
Machowski, R.; Rzętała, M. A.; Rzętała, M.; Solarski, M.
In: Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, ISSN: 20452322, (15).
@article{2-s2.0-85073053924,
title = {Anthropogenic enrichment of the chemical composition of bottom sediments of water bodies in the neighborhood of a non-ferrous metal smelter (Silesian Upland, Southern Poland)},
author = { R. Machowski and M.A. Rzętała and M. Rzętała and M. Solarski},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073053924&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-019-51027-w&partnerID=40&md5=3cabff15cc551a721df8218572a3f290},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-51027-w},
issn = {20452322},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
abstract = {An assessment was carried out of the anthropogenic enrichment of the chemical composition of the bottom sediments of water bodies situated in an area with an urban and industrial character (63.7% of the total area). The endorheic catchments of the water bodies studied are lithologically uniform with sandy formations accounting for more than 90% of the surface area. On the basis of geoaccumulation index values, it was found that the bottom sediments of the water bodies studied were contaminated with the following elements: Cd, Zn, S, As, Pb, Sr, Co, Cr, Cu, Ba, Ni, V, Be, in degrees ranging from moderate to extreme, with lower contamination (or absence of contamination) with the same elements being found in the formations present in the vicinity and in the substrate of the basins of water bodies. It was found that one consequence of the fact that these water bodies are located in urban and industrial areas is that there is anthropogenic enrichment of the chemical composition of bottom sediments with certain basic components (organic matter; Mn; Ca and P compounds) and trace elements: Cd, Zn, Pb, Sb, As, Cu and Co, Br, Ni, S, Be, Cs, Sr, V, Cr, Sc, Ba, U, Ce, Eu and Th, with virtually no enrichment of sediments with the other basic and trace components analysed (La; Rb; K2O; Nd; Sm; Na2O; Hf; SiO2; Zr). © 2019, The Author(s).},
note = {15},
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pubstate = {published},
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}
An assessment was carried out of the anthropogenic enrichment of the chemical composition of the bottom sediments of water bodies situated in an area with an urban and industrial character (63.7% of the total area). The endorheic catchments of the water bodies studied are lithologically uniform with sandy formations accounting for more than 90% of the surface area. On the basis of geoaccumulation index values, it was found that the bottom sediments of the water bodies studied were contaminated with the following elements: Cd, Zn, S, As, Pb, Sr, Co, Cr, Cu, Ba, Ni, V, Be, in degrees ranging from moderate to extreme, with lower contamination (or absence of contamination) with the same elements being found in the formations present in the vicinity and in the substrate of the basins of water bodies. It was found that one consequence of the fact that these water bodies are located in urban and industrial areas is that there is anthropogenic enrichment of the chemical composition of bottom sediments with certain basic components (organic matter; Mn; Ca and P compounds) and trace elements: Cd, Zn, Pb, Sb, As, Cu and Co, Br, Ni, S, Be, Cs, Sr, V, Cr, Sc, Ba, U, Ce, Eu and Th, with virtually no enrichment of sediments with the other basic and trace components analysed (La; Rb; K2O; Nd; Sm; Na2O; Hf; SiO2; Zr). © 2019, The Author(s).
Machowski, R.; Rzętała, M. A.; Rzętała, M.
International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, vol. 19, no. 3.1, 2019, ISSN: 13142704.
@proceedings{2-s2.0-85073322099,
title = {Water bodies in subsidence basins as new sedimentary basins and local erosion bases - selected examples from the silesian upland},
author = { R. Machowski and M.A. Rzętała and M. Rzętała},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073322099&doi=10.5593%2fsgem2019%2f3.1%2fS12.080&partnerID=40&md5=03e03182d8d7d1d390e9e1eb9f785c83},
doi = {10.5593/sgem2019/3.1/S12.080},
issn = {13142704},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM},
volume = {19},
number = {3.1},
pages = {625-632},
publisher = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference},
abstract = {The land subsidence caused by underground mining results in land form transformations in the Silesian Upland, which is located in southern Poland. The aim of the research was to determine the role of subsidence basins as new sedimentary basins and local erosion bases. Detailed research was carried out in selected mining subsidence areas where most extensive and spectacular subsidence basins in the Silesian Upland have formed. As part of the field work, the geological structure of the area was examined and detailed geomorphological and hydrological mapping was conducted. Bottom sediment samples were collected from water bodies and were subsequently subjected to laboratory analyses in order to determine their basic composition and the presence of selected elements. Cartometric measurements were carried out on the basis of the cartographic material collected. The underground extraction of coal in the study area has resulted in far-reaching changes in land forms and in the water cycle. In extreme cases, the area has subsided by slightly more than 25 metres compared to the level prior to the commencement of underground coal mining. The emergence of subsidence basins has caused significant transformations in matter circulation, which are essentially local in their nature. The resulting depressions are endorheic basins where sediments accumulate which contain numerous substances, including toxic metals. © SGEM2019.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
The land subsidence caused by underground mining results in land form transformations in the Silesian Upland, which is located in southern Poland. The aim of the research was to determine the role of subsidence basins as new sedimentary basins and local erosion bases. Detailed research was carried out in selected mining subsidence areas where most extensive and spectacular subsidence basins in the Silesian Upland have formed. As part of the field work, the geological structure of the area was examined and detailed geomorphological and hydrological mapping was conducted. Bottom sediment samples were collected from water bodies and were subsequently subjected to laboratory analyses in order to determine their basic composition and the presence of selected elements. Cartometric measurements were carried out on the basis of the cartographic material collected. The underground extraction of coal in the study area has resulted in far-reaching changes in land forms and in the water cycle. In extreme cases, the area has subsided by slightly more than 25 metres compared to the level prior to the commencement of underground coal mining. The emergence of subsidence basins has caused significant transformations in matter circulation, which are essentially local in their nature. The resulting depressions are endorheic basins where sediments accumulate which contain numerous substances, including toxic metals. © SGEM2019.
2018
Machowski, R.; Rzętała, M.
Impact of subsidence basins on changes in the catchment water cycle Proceedings
International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, vol. 18, no. 3.1, 2018, ISSN: 13142704, (2).
@proceedings{2-s2.0-85058884132,
title = {Impact of subsidence basins on changes in the catchment water cycle},
author = { R. Machowski and M. Rzętała},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058884132&doi=10.5593%2fsgem2018%2f3.1%2fS12.053&partnerID=40&md5=d8e38b4c8e36e3fe2d64588b263917d0},
doi = {10.5593/sgem2018/3.1/S12.053},
issn = {13142704},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM},
volume = {18},
number = {3.1},
pages = {407-414},
publisher = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference},
abstract = {The land subsidence caused by underground mining results in the transformation of water relations in the catchment. The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of the subsidence basin on changes in the water cycle. Detailed research was carried out in the city of Bytom, in the Karb district where one of the most spectacular subsidence basins on the Silesian Upland (southern Poland) emerged. As part of the study, the geological structure of the area was examined and a detailed geomorphological and hydrological mapping was conducted. Cartometric measurements were carried out based on the cartographic material collected. The underground extraction of coal in the study area resulted in far-reaching changes in land forms and in the water cycle. The area has subsided by more than 25 metres compared to the level prior to the commencement of underground coal mining. The subsidence basin caused transformations in the water cycle, primarily local ones. The changes concern all elements of vertical and horizontal water exchange. The resulting depression is an endorheic basin to which water is supplied in a concentric pattern as a result of runoff after atmospheric precipitation. The local flow of shallow groundwater has been clearly disrupted and new pathways for their circulation have formed. © SGEM2018 All Rights Reserved.},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
The land subsidence caused by underground mining results in the transformation of water relations in the catchment. The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of the subsidence basin on changes in the water cycle. Detailed research was carried out in the city of Bytom, in the Karb district where one of the most spectacular subsidence basins on the Silesian Upland (southern Poland) emerged. As part of the study, the geological structure of the area was examined and a detailed geomorphological and hydrological mapping was conducted. Cartometric measurements were carried out based on the cartographic material collected. The underground extraction of coal in the study area resulted in far-reaching changes in land forms and in the water cycle. The area has subsided by more than 25 metres compared to the level prior to the commencement of underground coal mining. The subsidence basin caused transformations in the water cycle, primarily local ones. The changes concern all elements of vertical and horizontal water exchange. The resulting depression is an endorheic basin to which water is supplied in a concentric pattern as a result of runoff after atmospheric precipitation. The local flow of shallow groundwater has been clearly disrupted and new pathways for their circulation have formed. © SGEM2018 All Rights Reserved.
2017
Machowski, R.; Rzętała, M. A.; Rzętała, M.
International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, vol. 17, no. 11, 2017, ISSN: 13142704, (1).
@proceedings{2-s2.0-85032465876,
title = {Chemical composition of the surface layer of bottom sediments in the northern part of the chott el jerid periodic lake in Tunisia},
author = { R. Machowski and M.A. Rzętała and M. Rzętała},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032465876&doi=10.5593%2fsgem2017%2f11%2fS01.011&partnerID=40&md5=b80104e8039d76a3fdfd66fb39fd507d},
doi = {10.5593/sgem2017/11/S01.011},
issn = {13142704},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {89-96},
publisher = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference},
abstract = {Situated in the central part of the country, Chott El Jerid is the largest periodic lake in Tunisia. The depression is a flat plain lined with Holocene lacustrine sediments, which mostly developed in the form of alluvia and evaporites. Geochemical properties of sediments were tested using the following methods: FUS-ICP, TD-ICP, INAA, Cold Vapour FIMS. As concerns the basic composition, the following substances were identified (average levels): loss on ignition (LOI) – 24.27%, SiO2 – 21.46%, CaO – 20.54%, Na2O – 5.23%, Al2O3 – 4.09%, MgO – 3.52%, Fe2O3 – 1.71%, K2O – 1.47%, TiO2 – 0.28%, P2O5 – 0.09%, MnO – 0.02%. The average sulphur content determined was 8.41%. The average content of trace elements was: 4.0 mg/kg As, 162.0 mg/kg – Ba, 61.5 mg/kg – Br, 25.0 mg/kg – Ce, 7.0 mg/kg – Co, 27.5 mg/kg – Cr, 1.25 mg/kg Cs, 8.0 mg/kg – Cu, 0.55 mg/kg – Eu, 3.8 mg/kg – Hf, 13.05 mg/kg – La, 0.18 mg/kg – Lu, 2.5 mg/kg Mo, 9.0 mg/kg Nd, 10.0 mg/kg – Ni, 9.0 mg/kg – Pb, 55.0 mg/kg Rb, 0.6 mg/kg – Sb, 3.8 mg/kg – Sc, 2.15 mg/kg – Sm, 1616.5 mg/kg – Sr, 4.1 mg/kg – Th, 1.45 mg/kg U, 31.0 mg/kg – V, 11.0 mg/kg – Y, 1.15 mg/kg – Yb, 24.5 mg/kg – Zn, 151.5 mg/kg – Zr. The content of basic components and concentrations of trace elements are good indicators of the quality of bottom sediments in periodic lakes. © SGEM2017. All Rights Reserved.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Situated in the central part of the country, Chott El Jerid is the largest periodic lake in Tunisia. The depression is a flat plain lined with Holocene lacustrine sediments, which mostly developed in the form of alluvia and evaporites. Geochemical properties of sediments were tested using the following methods: FUS-ICP, TD-ICP, INAA, Cold Vapour FIMS. As concerns the basic composition, the following substances were identified (average levels): loss on ignition (LOI) – 24.27%, SiO2 – 21.46%, CaO – 20.54%, Na2O – 5.23%, Al2O3 – 4.09%, MgO – 3.52%, Fe2O3 – 1.71%, K2O – 1.47%, TiO2 – 0.28%, P2O5 – 0.09%, MnO – 0.02%. The average sulphur content determined was 8.41%. The average content of trace elements was: 4.0 mg/kg As, 162.0 mg/kg – Ba, 61.5 mg/kg – Br, 25.0 mg/kg – Ce, 7.0 mg/kg – Co, 27.5 mg/kg – Cr, 1.25 mg/kg Cs, 8.0 mg/kg – Cu, 0.55 mg/kg – Eu, 3.8 mg/kg – Hf, 13.05 mg/kg – La, 0.18 mg/kg – Lu, 2.5 mg/kg Mo, 9.0 mg/kg Nd, 10.0 mg/kg – Ni, 9.0 mg/kg – Pb, 55.0 mg/kg Rb, 0.6 mg/kg – Sb, 3.8 mg/kg – Sc, 2.15 mg/kg – Sm, 1616.5 mg/kg – Sr, 4.1 mg/kg – Th, 1.45 mg/kg U, 31.0 mg/kg – V, 11.0 mg/kg – Y, 1.15 mg/kg – Yb, 24.5 mg/kg – Zn, 151.5 mg/kg – Zr. The content of basic components and concentrations of trace elements are good indicators of the quality of bottom sediments in periodic lakes. © SGEM2017. All Rights Reserved.
Machowski, R.
Changes in specific electrolytic conductivity of water bodies in subsidence basins in the Silesian upland Proceedings
International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, vol. 17, no. 31, 2017, ISSN: 13142704.
@proceedings{2-s2.0-85032386486,
title = {Changes in specific electrolytic conductivity of water bodies in subsidence basins in the Silesian upland},
author = { R. Machowski},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032386486&doi=10.5593%2fsgem2017%2f31%2fS12.011&partnerID=40&md5=733167eb01ace3963d88c1dd33507060},
doi = {10.5593/sgem2017/31/S12.011},
issn = {13142704},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM},
volume = {17},
number = {31},
pages = {81-88},
publisher = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference},
abstract = {The land subsidence caused by underground mining results in the transformation of water relations in the Silesian Upland, which is located in southern Poland. Detailed studies were conducted in 25 water bodies formed in subsidence basins located on the Silesian Upland. The purpose of the study was to determine the temporal and spatial variability of electrolytic conductivity of the limnic waters retained in the water bodies studied. As part of field work, 12 specific electrical conductivity measurements were conducted using the YSI 6600 V2 multi-parameter sonde. The measurements were conducted once a month in hydrological year 2013. Laboratory tests using the 850 Professional IC ion chromatograph from Metrohm included chemical analyses of the water samples retained in the water bodies formed in subsidence basins. The tests conducted revealed considerable variation in the parameter analysed, both spatial and temporal. Average specific electrolytic conductivity values varied from 157 μS/cm to 2785 μS/cm, minimum values from 100 μS/cm to 1483 μS/cm, and the highest values measured ranged from 187 μS/cm to 4089 μS/cm. Water bodies functions in areas with different anthropogenic influences. The hydrochemical diversity of these water bodies is determined by the nature of their catchment areas. The significant variation in this parameter results from the different ways in which water body catchments are used; the values accurately reflect the diverse impact of human pressure on the aquatic environment of the Silesian Upland. © SGEM2017 All Rights Reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
The land subsidence caused by underground mining results in the transformation of water relations in the Silesian Upland, which is located in southern Poland. Detailed studies were conducted in 25 water bodies formed in subsidence basins located on the Silesian Upland. The purpose of the study was to determine the temporal and spatial variability of electrolytic conductivity of the limnic waters retained in the water bodies studied. As part of field work, 12 specific electrical conductivity measurements were conducted using the YSI 6600 V2 multi-parameter sonde. The measurements were conducted once a month in hydrological year 2013. Laboratory tests using the 850 Professional IC ion chromatograph from Metrohm included chemical analyses of the water samples retained in the water bodies formed in subsidence basins. The tests conducted revealed considerable variation in the parameter analysed, both spatial and temporal. Average specific electrolytic conductivity values varied from 157 μS/cm to 2785 μS/cm, minimum values from 100 μS/cm to 1483 μS/cm, and the highest values measured ranged from 187 μS/cm to 4089 μS/cm. Water bodies functions in areas with different anthropogenic influences. The hydrochemical diversity of these water bodies is determined by the nature of their catchment areas. The significant variation in this parameter results from the different ways in which water body catchments are used; the values accurately reflect the diverse impact of human pressure on the aquatic environment of the Silesian Upland. © SGEM2017 All Rights Reserved.
2016
Machowski, R.; Rzętała, M. A.; Rzętała, M.; Solarski, M.
Geomorphological and Hydrological Effects of Subsidence and Land use Change in Industrial and Urban Areas Journal Article
In: Land Degradation and Development, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 1740-1752, 2016, ISSN: 10853278, (34).
@article{2-s2.0-84990217604,
title = {Geomorphological and Hydrological Effects of Subsidence and Land use Change in Industrial and Urban Areas},
author = { R. Machowski and M.A. Rzętała and M. Rzętała and M. Solarski},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84990217604&doi=10.1002%2fldr.2475&partnerID=40&md5=f2d4ddae53d38553de8d3e9054905110},
doi = {10.1002/ldr.2475},
issn = {10853278},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Land Degradation and Development},
volume = {27},
number = {7},
pages = {1740-1752},
publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},
abstract = {Land subsidence caused by mining activities is an example of human transformation of the natural environment and leads to changes in land use. The study covers an area of 958 ha in the Silesian Upland, southern Poland. Records from the period 1890–1990 document the presence of subsidence effects in 82.9% of the study area and the maximum displacement figure is more than 30 m which translates to an average rate of 0.3 m per year. It was found that subsidence basins serve as the new local erosion base and new sedimentation basins. They are filled with sediments whose level of pollution ranges from moderate to heavy and extremely heavy. Subsidence has caused a dramatic change in the local hydrology, including the quality and quantity of the water. The specifics involve: the emergence of new closed drainage catchments with a total area of 651.1 ha; an increase in the total watercourse length (from 0.9 to 5.7 km); an increase in the river network density (from 0.09 to 0.56 km km−2); a decrease in the number (from 81 to 48) and an increase in the area (from 23.8 to 58.4 ha) of lakes and ponds; an increase in the lake coverage ratio (from 2.5% to 6.1%) and in water pollution. Subsidence has limited the potential land uses, which led to a decrease in arable land from 619.0 to 122.5 ha that gave way to other land uses, including those equivalent to wasteland. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
note = {34},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Land subsidence caused by mining activities is an example of human transformation of the natural environment and leads to changes in land use. The study covers an area of 958 ha in the Silesian Upland, southern Poland. Records from the period 1890–1990 document the presence of subsidence effects in 82.9% of the study area and the maximum displacement figure is more than 30 m which translates to an average rate of 0.3 m per year. It was found that subsidence basins serve as the new local erosion base and new sedimentation basins. They are filled with sediments whose level of pollution ranges from moderate to heavy and extremely heavy. Subsidence has caused a dramatic change in the local hydrology, including the quality and quantity of the water. The specifics involve: the emergence of new closed drainage catchments with a total area of 651.1 ha; an increase in the total watercourse length (from 0.9 to 5.7 km); an increase in the river network density (from 0.09 to 0.56 km km−2); a decrease in the number (from 81 to 48) and an increase in the area (from 23.8 to 58.4 ha) of lakes and ponds; an increase in the lake coverage ratio (from 2.5% to 6.1%) and in water pollution. Subsidence has limited the potential land uses, which led to a decrease in arable land from 619.0 to 122.5 ha that gave way to other land uses, including those equivalent to wasteland. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Machowski, R.; Rzętała, M. A.; Rzętała, M.
Chemical composition of bottom sediments in the littoral zone of Lake Ashi (Hakone region, Honshu, Japan) Proceedings
International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, vol. 1, 2016, ISSN: 13142704, (1).
@proceedings{2-s2.0-84994077984,
title = {Chemical composition of bottom sediments in the littoral zone of Lake Ashi (Hakone region, Honshu, Japan)},
author = { R. Machowski and M.A. Rzętała and M. Rzętała},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84994077984&doi=10.5593%2fSGEM2016%2fB11%2fS01.012&partnerID=40&md5=58b8e42b8016ebc9d73938e9af7f67f9},
doi = {10.5593/SGEM2016/B11/S01.012},
issn = {13142704},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM},
volume = {1},
pages = {87-94},
publisher = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference},
abstract = {Lake Ashi (also called Ashinoko Lake or Hakone Lake) is located on the Japanese is-land of Honshu near the town of Hakone. The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition of the bottom sediments deposited in the littoral zone in the east-ern part of the lake and to evaluate their qualitative characteristics. Tests were per-formed using the following methods: FUS-ICP, TD-ICP, INAA, Cold Vapour FIMS. As concerns the basic composition, the following substances were identified (average lev-els): SiO2 – 46.6%, Al2O3 – 18.7%, Fe2O3(T) – 10.5%, MnO – 0.2%, MgO – 3.2%, CaO – 5.4%, Na2O – 1.8%, K2O – 0.4%, TiO2 – 1.2%, P2O5 – 0.2%, loss on ignition (LOI) – 12.0%. The average sulphur content determined was 0.1%. The average content of trace elements was: 211.0 mg/kg – Ba, 231.0 mg/kg – Sr, 16.0 mg/kg – Y, 75.0 mg/kg – Zr, 296.0 mg/kg – V, 127.0 mg/kg – Cu, 13.0 mg/kg – Pb, 182.0 mg/kg – Zn, 30.0 mg/kg – Ni, 3.0 mg/kg – As, 26.0 mg/kg – Br, 37.0 mg/kg – Co, 73.0 mg/kg – Cr, 2.9 mg/kg – Hf, 0.7 mg/kg – Sb, 7.2 mg/kg – La, 15.0 mg/kg – Ce, 2.7 mg/kg – Sm, 0.4 mg/kg – Eu, 26.4 mg/kg – Sc, 2.4 mg/kg – Th, 2.2 mg/kg – Yb, 0.2 mg/kg – Lu, 176.0 μg/kg – Hg. Concentrations of several of the elements analysed (Be; Ag; Cd; Bi; Au; Cs; Ir; Mo; Rb; Se; Ta; W; Nd; U; Tb) were not determined because they were present at levels not ex-ceeding the lower limit of detection of the determination methods used. In the case of most components, it was found that the chemical composition of sediments corresponds to their natural concentrations in the environment and supply from human sources is limited to certain elements, e.g. Br, Hg, Zn, Cu, As, Sb and V. © SGEM2016.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Lake Ashi (also called Ashinoko Lake or Hakone Lake) is located on the Japanese is-land of Honshu near the town of Hakone. The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition of the bottom sediments deposited in the littoral zone in the east-ern part of the lake and to evaluate their qualitative characteristics. Tests were per-formed using the following methods: FUS-ICP, TD-ICP, INAA, Cold Vapour FIMS. As concerns the basic composition, the following substances were identified (average lev-els): SiO2 – 46.6%, Al2O3 – 18.7%, Fe2O3(T) – 10.5%, MnO – 0.2%, MgO – 3.2%, CaO – 5.4%, Na2O – 1.8%, K2O – 0.4%, TiO2 – 1.2%, P2O5 – 0.2%, loss on ignition (LOI) – 12.0%. The average sulphur content determined was 0.1%. The average content of trace elements was: 211.0 mg/kg – Ba, 231.0 mg/kg – Sr, 16.0 mg/kg – Y, 75.0 mg/kg – Zr, 296.0 mg/kg – V, 127.0 mg/kg – Cu, 13.0 mg/kg – Pb, 182.0 mg/kg – Zn, 30.0 mg/kg – Ni, 3.0 mg/kg – As, 26.0 mg/kg – Br, 37.0 mg/kg – Co, 73.0 mg/kg – Cr, 2.9 mg/kg – Hf, 0.7 mg/kg – Sb, 7.2 mg/kg – La, 15.0 mg/kg – Ce, 2.7 mg/kg – Sm, 0.4 mg/kg – Eu, 26.4 mg/kg – Sc, 2.4 mg/kg – Th, 2.2 mg/kg – Yb, 0.2 mg/kg – Lu, 176.0 μg/kg – Hg. Concentrations of several of the elements analysed (Be; Ag; Cd; Bi; Au; Cs; Ir; Mo; Rb; Se; Ta; W; Nd; U; Tb) were not determined because they were present at levels not ex-ceeding the lower limit of detection of the determination methods used. In the case of most components, it was found that the chemical composition of sediments corresponds to their natural concentrations in the environment and supply from human sources is limited to certain elements, e.g. Br, Hg, Zn, Cu, As, Sb and V. © SGEM2016.
2015
Rzętała, M. A.; Jaguś, A.; Machowski, R.; Rzętała, M.
The development of freshwater deltas and their environmental and economic significance Journal Article
In: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 107-123, 2015, ISSN: 18986196, (5).
@article{2-s2.0-84928801571,
title = {The development of freshwater deltas and their environmental and economic significance},
author = { M.A. Rzętała and A. Jaguś and R. Machowski and M. Rzętała},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928801571&doi=10.1515%2feces-2015-0007&partnerID=40&md5=138e1ec979b01d568c3f10f3d4cba087},
doi = {10.1515/eces-2015-0007},
issn = {18986196},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {107-123},
publisher = {De Gruyter Open Ltd},
abstract = {The article presents the results of studies concerning the delta forms that arise as a result of the sedimentation of the debris fed to water bodies by watercourses. The study covered several dozen anthropogenic water bodies in the Upper Silesia region, which is well known for its high degree of urbanisation and industrialisation. Basic research work included morphometric measurements of deltas, analyses of the mechanical and chemical composition of delta sediments and analyses of the chemical composition of the common reed growing on the deltas. The research has demonstrated that the deltas exhibit certain characteristics typical of anthropogenic forms that result from the pollutants found in watercourses. In delta sediments, grains of sand usually dominate, but in many cases the share of the < 0.02 mm fraction is as high as ca. 30%. Sediments often contain fine coal and other organic pollutants, which is reflected by high weight loss on ignition. The content of trace elements in delta sediments is usually many times higher than the geochemical background for all types of sedimentary rocks. Deltas are an environment where pollutants accumulate and some of them are assimilated by plants. The content of macro elements in common reed tissues from different deltas does not vary widely while the content of trace elements often results from their content in the sediments. The material that forms deltas can be extracted and in some cases even used as fuel. © 2015 by Martyna A. Rzętała.},
note = {5},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The article presents the results of studies concerning the delta forms that arise as a result of the sedimentation of the debris fed to water bodies by watercourses. The study covered several dozen anthropogenic water bodies in the Upper Silesia region, which is well known for its high degree of urbanisation and industrialisation. Basic research work included morphometric measurements of deltas, analyses of the mechanical and chemical composition of delta sediments and analyses of the chemical composition of the common reed growing on the deltas. The research has demonstrated that the deltas exhibit certain characteristics typical of anthropogenic forms that result from the pollutants found in watercourses. In delta sediments, grains of sand usually dominate, but in many cases the share of the < 0.02 mm fraction is as high as ca. 30%. Sediments often contain fine coal and other organic pollutants, which is reflected by high weight loss on ignition. The content of trace elements in delta sediments is usually many times higher than the geochemical background for all types of sedimentary rocks. Deltas are an environment where pollutants accumulate and some of them are assimilated by plants. The content of macro elements in common reed tissues from different deltas does not vary widely while the content of trace elements often results from their content in the sediments. The material that forms deltas can be extracted and in some cases even used as fuel. © 2015 by Martyna A. Rzętała.
Machowski, R.; Rzętała, M. A.; Rzętała, M.
International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, 2015, ISSN: 13142704, (2).
@proceedings{2-s2.0-84958114014,
title = {Basic composition and trace elements of sediments in small volcanic lakes in Southern Kamchatka and Tenrerife},
author = { R. Machowski and M.A. Rzętała and M. Rzętała},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84958114014&partnerID=40&md5=6f259a45861e5447ade35a36fa507752},
issn = {13142704},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM},
pages = {61-68},
publisher = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference},
abstract = {The Kamchatka Peninsula, located in a subduction zone, is among the most seismically active regions of northeastern Asia. Tenerife is the largest island of the Canary Islands. In August 2008, a fieldwork exercise was performed on a small number of volcanic lakes near the Mutnovski and Gorely volcanoes in southern Kamchatka. For comparison purposes, analogous chemical compounds and elements were determined in marginal deposits collected from three sites in a volcanic area of Tenerife in 2010. Bottom sediments were sampled for laboratory testing. The peculiar morphological characteristics of the lakes and physico-chemical properties of their waters have a profound influence on the chemical composition of their bottom sediments in Kamchatka. Silica was found to dominate at an average content of 53%, followed by aluminium oxides at ca. 15% and by iron oxides at 7.5%. No significant differences were found between the lakes in this respect. Other chemical compounds were found in much smaller quantities, whose presence is demonstrated by the losses during heating that varied from 4.7% to 18.29%. The presence of increased quantities of many rare elements (e.g. barium; strontium; vanadium and zirconium) suggests a violent geological past in an area where the products of volcanic eruptions emerged to the surface and that the geology of the area is varied. In the sediments collected in Tenerife silica dominated. In two samples, it accounted for more than 50% of total sediment mass, and in one case its content was close to 33%. In all samples, aluminium oxide content was comparable to that present in the sediments collected in Kamchatka. In general, this also applied to iron oxides; in sediments collected from the lake located in the caldera in Tenerife, their amount was slightly larger and exceeded 10% of sediments by weight. In two cases, loss-on-ignition values were almost identical to those obtained for the sediments found in the lakes located in the crater of the Gorely Volcano in Kamchatka. A much higher organic substance content of nearly 25% was exhibited by sediments in the aforementioned lake in the caldera in Tenerife. However, a completely different pattern emerged with respect to individual elements in the samples collected in Tenerife. In these samples, sulphur only had a marginal share and zirconium was found in the largest quantities. Much higher concentrations were found for elements such as zinc, rubidium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium and hafnium. This significantly differs from the sediments analysed in Kamchatka. Only barium and strontium were present in comparable amounts in both Tenerife and Kamchatka. © SGEM2015.},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
The Kamchatka Peninsula, located in a subduction zone, is among the most seismically active regions of northeastern Asia. Tenerife is the largest island of the Canary Islands. In August 2008, a fieldwork exercise was performed on a small number of volcanic lakes near the Mutnovski and Gorely volcanoes in southern Kamchatka. For comparison purposes, analogous chemical compounds and elements were determined in marginal deposits collected from three sites in a volcanic area of Tenerife in 2010. Bottom sediments were sampled for laboratory testing. The peculiar morphological characteristics of the lakes and physico-chemical properties of their waters have a profound influence on the chemical composition of their bottom sediments in Kamchatka. Silica was found to dominate at an average content of 53%, followed by aluminium oxides at ca. 15% and by iron oxides at 7.5%. No significant differences were found between the lakes in this respect. Other chemical compounds were found in much smaller quantities, whose presence is demonstrated by the losses during heating that varied from 4.7% to 18.29%. The presence of increased quantities of many rare elements (e.g. barium; strontium; vanadium and zirconium) suggests a violent geological past in an area where the products of volcanic eruptions emerged to the surface and that the geology of the area is varied. In the sediments collected in Tenerife silica dominated. In two samples, it accounted for more than 50% of total sediment mass, and in one case its content was close to 33%. In all samples, aluminium oxide content was comparable to that present in the sediments collected in Kamchatka. In general, this also applied to iron oxides; in sediments collected from the lake located in the caldera in Tenerife, their amount was slightly larger and exceeded 10% of sediments by weight. In two cases, loss-on-ignition values were almost identical to those obtained for the sediments found in the lakes located in the crater of the Gorely Volcano in Kamchatka. A much higher organic substance content of nearly 25% was exhibited by sediments in the aforementioned lake in the caldera in Tenerife. However, a completely different pattern emerged with respect to individual elements in the samples collected in Tenerife. In these samples, sulphur only had a marginal share and zirconium was found in the largest quantities. Much higher concentrations were found for elements such as zinc, rubidium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium and hafnium. This significantly differs from the sediments analysed in Kamchatka. Only barium and strontium were present in comparable amounts in both Tenerife and Kamchatka. © SGEM2015.
Machowski, R.; Solarski, M.
Abrasion processes in the littoral zone of the bratsk reservoir (Between Khadakhan and Angarskiy) Proceedings
International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, vol. 1, no. 3, 2015, ISSN: 13142704, (1).
@proceedings{2-s2.0-84946544945,
title = {Abrasion processes in the littoral zone of the bratsk reservoir (Between Khadakhan and Angarskiy)},
author = { R. Machowski and M. Solarski},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946544945&partnerID=40&md5=47a7cdc3f59aa509c1dccf544f4e733b},
issn = {13142704},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM},
volume = {1},
number = {3},
pages = {17-24},
publisher = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference},
abstract = {The Bratsk Reservoir on the Angara River was opened in 1967 and with the area of 5470 km2, the capacity of 169.7 km3and 6030 km of water line has remained among the largest of its kind worldwide. Its littoral zone is an interesting research area due to intensive human pressure driving morphological processes. The study objective was to investigate the conditions of the development and diversification of abrasion-driven coastal forms and to identify their natural and socio-economic ramifications. The study involved a phase of fieldwork intended to assess changes in the geomorphology in a southern section of the reservoir’s littoral zone, which was conducted between 12 and 17 July 2012. A geomorphological map was made along a nearly two-kilometre long section of the coast between Khadakhan in the north and Angarskiy in the south. The main instrument used in this exercise was a tachymeter, but some more basic tools, such as tape measure, poles and compass, were also applied. Elevation measurements were made along selected transects of the coast and terrain forms were also measured. As a result it was found that abrasion processes dominated over accumulation in this section of the coast. Six different types of coastal cliffs were identified. The cliffs ranged in height from single meters to less than twenty meters. The width of the abrasion platform varied from 12.3 m to 23.0 m. Two or three terrace levels, developed as a result of the fluctuation in the water table, were identified within the sloping platform. The only accumulation effect of wave action was a dyke-like talus made-up of fine gravel. It was 135 m long and up to two meters in width, located in the southern part of the study area. The damming of the Angara River has lead to the activation of morphological processes, which used to be much less intense in the pre-reservoir times. The coastal processes and forms provide examples of nature’s response to human interference in the environment. Dynamic changes in the level of the artificial water table, reaching up to 10 m, are held as the crucial factor in this process. The coastal processes involved, which primarily include cliff abrasion, generate economic damage in such areas, as agriculture, settlement, forestry and inland navigation. The reservoir can affect the stability of the banks for up to 200 metres into the coast when the lake is full, while the annual average reach of this influence varies between 10 and 20 metres. Active protection of the coast against abrasion involves mainly engineered structures, such as prefab concrete structures, timber logs, rocks, used tyres, etc. © SGEM2015. All rights reserved.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
The Bratsk Reservoir on the Angara River was opened in 1967 and with the area of 5470 km2, the capacity of 169.7 km3and 6030 km of water line has remained among the largest of its kind worldwide. Its littoral zone is an interesting research area due to intensive human pressure driving morphological processes. The study objective was to investigate the conditions of the development and diversification of abrasion-driven coastal forms and to identify their natural and socio-economic ramifications. The study involved a phase of fieldwork intended to assess changes in the geomorphology in a southern section of the reservoir’s littoral zone, which was conducted between 12 and 17 July 2012. A geomorphological map was made along a nearly two-kilometre long section of the coast between Khadakhan in the north and Angarskiy in the south. The main instrument used in this exercise was a tachymeter, but some more basic tools, such as tape measure, poles and compass, were also applied. Elevation measurements were made along selected transects of the coast and terrain forms were also measured. As a result it was found that abrasion processes dominated over accumulation in this section of the coast. Six different types of coastal cliffs were identified. The cliffs ranged in height from single meters to less than twenty meters. The width of the abrasion platform varied from 12.3 m to 23.0 m. Two or three terrace levels, developed as a result of the fluctuation in the water table, were identified within the sloping platform. The only accumulation effect of wave action was a dyke-like talus made-up of fine gravel. It was 135 m long and up to two meters in width, located in the southern part of the study area. The damming of the Angara River has lead to the activation of morphological processes, which used to be much less intense in the pre-reservoir times. The coastal processes and forms provide examples of nature’s response to human interference in the environment. Dynamic changes in the level of the artificial water table, reaching up to 10 m, are held as the crucial factor in this process. The coastal processes involved, which primarily include cliff abrasion, generate economic damage in such areas, as agriculture, settlement, forestry and inland navigation. The reservoir can affect the stability of the banks for up to 200 metres into the coast when the lake is full, while the annual average reach of this influence varies between 10 and 20 metres. Active protection of the coast against abrasion involves mainly engineered structures, such as prefab concrete structures, timber logs, rocks, used tyres, etc. © SGEM2015. All rights reserved.
2014
Machowski, R.; Rzętała, M.
International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, vol. 2, no. 1, 2014, ISSN: 13142704.
@proceedings{2-s2.0-84910145935,
title = {Water bodies in subsidence basins in the silesian upland as an example of anthropogenic change in the natural environment},
author = { R. Machowski and M. Rzętała},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84910145935&partnerID=40&md5=4713aff52ab87969ff8b089d33490a52},
issn = {13142704},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {1059-1066},
publisher = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference},
abstract = {The Silesian Upland (southern Poland) is an area where underground coal deposits as well as zinc and lead ores are mined (in the past; iron ores were exploited there as well). Subsidence basins form in places where minerals are mined below the ground surface. Purposes of the study included assessing the impact of underground mining on the rate of surface subsidence, examining the conditions in which water bodies form in subsidence basins and determining the role of such basins in shaping habitat conditions and biodiversity. Within the framework of field work, detailed geomorphological and hydrological mapping was carried out, floristic composition was determined and the animals present in the area were characterised. Cartometric analyses were carried out based on the cartographic material collected. Laboratory tests were also conducted with respect to both water (using the potentiometric; spectrophotometric; turbidimetric and flame photometry methods) and sediments (using sieve analysis; the combined areometric-sieve method; INAA and ICP). The study revealed that in the region, a total area of more than 1000 km2 is threatened with ground deformation and the depth of some basins exceeds 30 meters. Water bodies at the bottom of subsidence basins exhibit morphometric parameters that depend on the size of the subsidence and their shorelines are most often oval in shape. Very small and small water bodies prevail. A vast majority of them have areas which do not exceed 10 hectares. They are also fairly shallow (usually up to 2-3 metres) and greater depths are very rare. Water bodies in subsidence basins alter the local water cycle significantly. These hydrographic phenomena are undoubtedly a new element that contributes to changes in the direction of water migration in the area in question. The water bodies examined were subject to transformations at each stage of the development of the subsidence zone. It has been found that they set a new erosion base level and act as local sedimentary basins. The bottom sediments accumulated in such water bodies are significantly contaminated, particularly with heavy metals such as lead, zinc and cadmium. The studies conducted have demonstrated that these water bodies may fulfil functions similar to natural lakes. The changes triggered by land subsidence affect the evolution of vegetation, and in the final stage, aquatic and land vegetation ecosystems are shaped. In the wake of these changes, many new animal species, both vertebrates and invertebrates, migrate into the area. © SGEM 2014.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
The Silesian Upland (southern Poland) is an area where underground coal deposits as well as zinc and lead ores are mined (in the past; iron ores were exploited there as well). Subsidence basins form in places where minerals are mined below the ground surface. Purposes of the study included assessing the impact of underground mining on the rate of surface subsidence, examining the conditions in which water bodies form in subsidence basins and determining the role of such basins in shaping habitat conditions and biodiversity. Within the framework of field work, detailed geomorphological and hydrological mapping was carried out, floristic composition was determined and the animals present in the area were characterised. Cartometric analyses were carried out based on the cartographic material collected. Laboratory tests were also conducted with respect to both water (using the potentiometric; spectrophotometric; turbidimetric and flame photometry methods) and sediments (using sieve analysis; the combined areometric-sieve method; INAA and ICP). The study revealed that in the region, a total area of more than 1000 km2 is threatened with ground deformation and the depth of some basins exceeds 30 meters. Water bodies at the bottom of subsidence basins exhibit morphometric parameters that depend on the size of the subsidence and their shorelines are most often oval in shape. Very small and small water bodies prevail. A vast majority of them have areas which do not exceed 10 hectares. They are also fairly shallow (usually up to 2-3 metres) and greater depths are very rare. Water bodies in subsidence basins alter the local water cycle significantly. These hydrographic phenomena are undoubtedly a new element that contributes to changes in the direction of water migration in the area in question. The water bodies examined were subject to transformations at each stage of the development of the subsidence zone. It has been found that they set a new erosion base level and act as local sedimentary basins. The bottom sediments accumulated in such water bodies are significantly contaminated, particularly with heavy metals such as lead, zinc and cadmium. The studies conducted have demonstrated that these water bodies may fulfil functions similar to natural lakes. The changes triggered by land subsidence affect the evolution of vegetation, and in the final stage, aquatic and land vegetation ecosystems are shaped. In the wake of these changes, many new animal species, both vertebrates and invertebrates, migrate into the area. © SGEM 2014.
2013
Gorski, K.; Machowski, R.; Rzętała, M.
Ice phenomena in anthropogenic water bodies in Gliwice (Silesian Upland, southern Poland) Proceedings
2013, ISSN: 13142704, (1).
@proceedings{2-s2.0-84892602484,
title = {Ice phenomena in anthropogenic water bodies in Gliwice (Silesian Upland, southern Poland)},
author = { K. Gorski and R. Machowski and M. Rzętała},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892602484&doi=10.5593%2fSGEM2013%2fBC3%2fS12.023&partnerID=40&md5=10c8177573c73b49bdf90096517cfe39},
doi = {10.5593/SGEM2013/BC3/S12.023},
issn = {13142704},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM},
pages = {181-188},
abstract = {The aim of the study was to evaluate ice phenomena in four anthropogenic water bodies situated in the south-eastern part of Gliwice during the 2010-2011 winter season. The study consisted of systematic measurements that were carried out daily during freezing and thawing and every two or three days after the ice cover had formed. The first ice phenomena in the water bodies analysed in the form of a thin layer of ice in the coastal zone appeared on 26 November 2010. The destruction of the compact ice cover began with the onset of positive temperatures in March. The rate of its disappearance varied, and the last ice phenomena in the water bodies analysed were observed on 17 March 2011. The duration of ice phenomena in these water bodies was similar. The longest duration (110 days) was observed in the Cegielnia water body, while the shortest one (107 days) in the Żwirownia one. The maximum thickness of the ice cover exhibited slightly greater variation (19.0 cm-21.5 cm). The observations conducted make it possible to claim that the ice regime in the water bodies studied is quasi-natural and individual phases of the seasonal freezing cycle result from local, mostly natural conditions. The existing differences related to the freezing and thawing of the water surface stemmed mainly from morphometric differences between the limnic water bodies studied. © SGEM2013 All Rights Reserved by the International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
The aim of the study was to evaluate ice phenomena in four anthropogenic water bodies situated in the south-eastern part of Gliwice during the 2010-2011 winter season. The study consisted of systematic measurements that were carried out daily during freezing and thawing and every two or three days after the ice cover had formed. The first ice phenomena in the water bodies analysed in the form of a thin layer of ice in the coastal zone appeared on 26 November 2010. The destruction of the compact ice cover began with the onset of positive temperatures in March. The rate of its disappearance varied, and the last ice phenomena in the water bodies analysed were observed on 17 March 2011. The duration of ice phenomena in these water bodies was similar. The longest duration (110 days) was observed in the Cegielnia water body, while the shortest one (107 days) in the Żwirownia one. The maximum thickness of the ice cover exhibited slightly greater variation (19.0 cm-21.5 cm). The observations conducted make it possible to claim that the ice regime in the water bodies studied is quasi-natural and individual phases of the seasonal freezing cycle result from local, mostly natural conditions. The existing differences related to the freezing and thawing of the water surface stemmed mainly from morphometric differences between the limnic water bodies studied. © SGEM2013 All Rights Reserved by the International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM.
2012
Machowski, R.; Rzętała, M. A.; Rzętała, M.
Transformation of lakes in subsidence basins in the Silesian Upland (Southern Poland) Proceedings
vol. 3, 2012, (10).
@proceedings{2-s2.0-84890781720,
title = {Transformation of lakes in subsidence basins in the Silesian Upland (Southern Poland)},
author = { R. Machowski and M.A. Rzętała and M. Rzętała},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890781720&partnerID=40&md5=bff2e3072233e031204aa491e4d5441f},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO - Modern Management of Mine Producing, Geology and Environmental Protection, SGEM 2012},
volume = {3},
pages = {895-901},
abstract = {The paper covers transformation processes taking place in subsidence basin lakes in the Silesian Upland, southern Poland. In the Silesian Upland collapsing underground cavities produced in the process of the mining of mineral deposits (hard coal; zinc and lead ores and iron ores) cause gradual or violent subsidence of the ground surface. Geomorphological and hydrological mapping and map-based surveys reveal that the combined area exposed to this type of deformation covers more than 1000 km2 and that this deformation results in the formation of basins 30 metres deep or more. The morphometry of water bodies filling subsidence basins is similar to that of the cavities themselves and the waterlines tend to be oval in shape. Small and very small water bodies dominate and a clear majority are 10 hectares in area or less. They are very shallow with very few examples deeper than 2-3 metres. The hydrochemical diversity of these water bodies is determined by the nature of their catchment areas. Research shows that their waters are commonly eutrophic. The presence of biogenic compounds is also a characteristic feature. The severe degradation of water quality is also evidenced by high salinity levels. The water bodies are also characterised by high levels of heavy metal pollution in their bottom sediments. Zinc, lead and cadmium stood out particularly with their concentrations often exceeding the geochemical background levels adopted. © SGEM2012 All Rights Reserved by the International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM Published by STEF92 Technology Ltd.},
note = {10},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
The paper covers transformation processes taking place in subsidence basin lakes in the Silesian Upland, southern Poland. In the Silesian Upland collapsing underground cavities produced in the process of the mining of mineral deposits (hard coal; zinc and lead ores and iron ores) cause gradual or violent subsidence of the ground surface. Geomorphological and hydrological mapping and map-based surveys reveal that the combined area exposed to this type of deformation covers more than 1000 km2 and that this deformation results in the formation of basins 30 metres deep or more. The morphometry of water bodies filling subsidence basins is similar to that of the cavities themselves and the waterlines tend to be oval in shape. Small and very small water bodies dominate and a clear majority are 10 hectares in area or less. They are very shallow with very few examples deeper than 2-3 metres. The hydrochemical diversity of these water bodies is determined by the nature of their catchment areas. Research shows that their waters are commonly eutrophic. The presence of biogenic compounds is also a characteristic feature. The severe degradation of water quality is also evidenced by high salinity levels. The water bodies are also characterised by high levels of heavy metal pollution in their bottom sediments. Zinc, lead and cadmium stood out particularly with their concentrations often exceeding the geochemical background levels adopted. © SGEM2012 All Rights Reserved by the International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM Published by STEF92 Technology Ltd.
Fajer, M.; Waga, J. M.; Rzętała, M.; Szymczyk, A.; Nita, M.; Machowski, R.; Rzętała, M. A.; Ruman, M.
The Late Vistulian and Holocene evolution of Jezioro Lake: A record of environmental change in southern Poland found in deposits and landforms Journal Article
In: Journal of Paleolimnology, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 651-667, 2012, ISSN: 09212728, (18).
@article{2-s2.0-84869865123,
title = {The Late Vistulian and Holocene evolution of Jezioro Lake: A record of environmental change in southern Poland found in deposits and landforms},
author = { M. Fajer and J.M. Waga and M. Rzętała and A. Szymczyk and M. Nita and R. Machowski and M.A. Rzętała and M. Ruman},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84869865123&doi=10.1007%2fs10933-012-9634-1&partnerID=40&md5=82168d72d51f3f4d57fa98ca04d5a1ad},
doi = {10.1007/s10933-012-9634-1},
issn = {09212728},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
volume = {48},
number = {4},
pages = {651-667},
abstract = {Jezioro Lake is the only natural lake in southern Poland outside mountainous areas to have existed continuously since the Pleistocene. The record of environmental change in the Late Vistulian (Weichselian) and Holocene is preserved in the deposits and landforms around the lake. This paper presents the results of paleogeographical and paleoecological research that emabled us to reconstruct the history of the Jezioro Lake. At the end of the Vistulian period, the outlet of the lake was blocked by a parabolic dune moving in from the west. Limnic sedimentation was evident in the sediment core at all levels from the Holocene, with remains of Cladocera, Chironomidae larvae, and aquatic plants. The lake did not disappear at that time, although its area decreased by a factor of 12 by the end of the period. Paleobotanical research permitted the reconstruction of sequences of plant communities and changes in nutrient status and water level. An initial oligotrophic lake, as indicated by the presence of Isoëtes lacustris L., changed to a eutrophic lake, as indicated by the presence of Potamogeton natans L. and Nuphar sp., then the lake progressed to the present-day dystrophic lake that is surrounded by a swamp. The profile of organic deposits contains a record of environmental change at least since the Younger Dryas in southern Poland. © 2012 The Author(s).},
note = {18},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jezioro Lake is the only natural lake in southern Poland outside mountainous areas to have existed continuously since the Pleistocene. The record of environmental change in the Late Vistulian (Weichselian) and Holocene is preserved in the deposits and landforms around the lake. This paper presents the results of paleogeographical and paleoecological research that emabled us to reconstruct the history of the Jezioro Lake. At the end of the Vistulian period, the outlet of the lake was blocked by a parabolic dune moving in from the west. Limnic sedimentation was evident in the sediment core at all levels from the Holocene, with remains of Cladocera, Chironomidae larvae, and aquatic plants. The lake did not disappear at that time, although its area decreased by a factor of 12 by the end of the period. Paleobotanical research permitted the reconstruction of sequences of plant communities and changes in nutrient status and water level. An initial oligotrophic lake, as indicated by the presence of Isoëtes lacustris L., changed to a eutrophic lake, as indicated by the presence of Potamogeton natans L. and Nuphar sp., then the lake progressed to the present-day dystrophic lake that is surrounded by a swamp. The profile of organic deposits contains a record of environmental change at least since the Younger Dryas in southern Poland. © 2012 The Author(s).
2011
Rzętała, M. A.; Rahmonov, O.; Jaguś, A.; Rahmonov, M.; Rzętała, M.; Machowski, R.
Occurrence of chemical elements in common reeds (Phragmites Australis) as indicator of environmental conditions Journal Article
In: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 610-616, 2011, ISSN: 09720626, (6).
@article{2-s2.0-80051896016,
title = {Occurrence of chemical elements in common reeds (Phragmites Australis) as indicator of environmental conditions},
author = { M.A. Rzętała and O. Rahmonov and A. Jaguś and M. Rahmonov and M. Rzętała and R. Machowski},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80051896016&partnerID=40&md5=beaa733ad31348f891db43ae0b7e54ec},
issn = {09720626},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {610-616},
abstract = {The purpose of the study was to determine and explore the structure of the reed rush phytocoenosis, to assess spatial differences in the concentration of certain trace elements in stems and leaves of the common reed (Phragmites australis) and to make an attempt at determining the bioindicative characteristics of this species with respect to the environmental features of anthropogenic water bodies, several thousand of which are present in the central part of southern Poland. Using the INAA technique, concentrations of the following elements have been determined in common reed tissues: As (0.01-0.69 mgkg -1), Ba (6.0-62.0 mg kg -1), Br (2.5-71.5 mg kg -1), Ca (0.2-1.2%), Co (0.1-1.7 mgkg -1), Cr (0.2-1.7 mgkg -1), Fe (0.01-0.02%), K (0.7-2.9%), Na (235.0- 2910.0 mgkg -1'), Sb (0.05-1.16 mgkg -1), Zn (20.0- 250.0 mg kg -11). Using the INAA and ICP XRF techniques, the overall chemical composition of the substratum sediments on which P. austral grows and the elements they contain, has been determined. Results of common reed tissue analyses are highly varied and only reflect the fertility of the water environment and of the accumulated sediments on which P. austral is developed to a small extent. In many cases the samples also fail to reflect the pollution found in the water or substratum sediments. It was determined that within the water bodies examined, Phragmites austral is mainly forms singlespecies stands of the Phragmitetum austral is association. Its strong dynamics and high bioproductivity as well as the varied numbers of specimens present in different environments make the common reed to some degree a quantitative bioindicator and a mixed type bioindicator.},
note = {6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The purpose of the study was to determine and explore the structure of the reed rush phytocoenosis, to assess spatial differences in the concentration of certain trace elements in stems and leaves of the common reed (Phragmites australis) and to make an attempt at determining the bioindicative characteristics of this species with respect to the environmental features of anthropogenic water bodies, several thousand of which are present in the central part of southern Poland. Using the INAA technique, concentrations of the following elements have been determined in common reed tissues: As (0.01-0.69 mgkg -1), Ba (6.0-62.0 mg kg -1), Br (2.5-71.5 mg kg -1), Ca (0.2-1.2%), Co (0.1-1.7 mgkg -1), Cr (0.2-1.7 mgkg -1), Fe (0.01-0.02%), K (0.7-2.9%), Na (235.0- 2910.0 mgkg -1'), Sb (0.05-1.16 mgkg -1), Zn (20.0- 250.0 mg kg -11). Using the INAA and ICP XRF techniques, the overall chemical composition of the substratum sediments on which P. austral grows and the elements they contain, has been determined. Results of common reed tissue analyses are highly varied and only reflect the fertility of the water environment and of the accumulated sediments on which P. austral is developed to a small extent. In many cases the samples also fail to reflect the pollution found in the water or substratum sediments. It was determined that within the water bodies examined, Phragmites austral is mainly forms singlespecies stands of the Phragmitetum austral is association. Its strong dynamics and high bioproductivity as well as the varied numbers of specimens present in different environments make the common reed to some degree a quantitative bioindicator and a mixed type bioindicator.