@article{2-s2.0-85192305594,

title = {Multi-stage tectonic evolution of the Tatra Mts recorded in the para- and ferromagnetic fabrics},

author = { D. Staneczek and R. Szaniawski and M. Chadima and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85192305594&doi=10.1016%2fj.tecto.2024.230338&partnerID=40&md5=033ca006c9baedd07944a4473922f0c5},

doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230338},

issn = {00401951},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Tectonophysics},

volume = {880},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The Tatra Mts form the highest part of the Carpathian mountain chain; however, their tectonic and thermal evolution is still debatable. Previous magnetic fabric studies have primarily focused on the crystalline basement and its autochthonous cover. We investigate the magnetic fabrics of Cretaceous marly limestones from a Mesozoic nappe unit and post-thrusting Oligocene shales and mudstones to unravel the most recent tectonic evolution of the Tatra massif. In addition to standard petromagnetic measurements such as the acquisition of the Isothermal Remanent Magnetization or temperature-dependent susceptibility analyses, we investigated the paleotemperature of the Tatra region because high temperatures are known to significantly affect the magnetic mineralogy. The most common minerals in the studied units are paramagnetic phyllosilicates which govern the in-phase Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility. The ferromagnetic fraction is represented by fine-grained magnetite with a minor contribution of hematite. Measured and counted vitrinite reflectances document an eastward increase in maturity, which is also reflected in the magnetite–hematite grain size ratios. Because the paleotemperatures recorded in the Cretaceous rocks follow the same increasing trend as the post-thrusting shales, it appears that both units were affected by a single major thermal event linked presumably to the Late Oligocene/Early Miocene burial. We propose that magnetic fabrics carried by phyllosilicates document the impact of crucial tectonic phases such as Miocene uplift and Cretaceous thrusting, whereas the out-of-phase Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility and Anisotropy of Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization fabrics most likely record the stress orientation during major burial episodes. Finally, the conspicuous vertical ferromagnetic lineation present in some Cretaceous sites documents the transpression-controlled tectonic regime in the Oligocene–Early Miocene. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85188251143,

title = {Depositional conditions, wildfires, maturity, and hydrocarbon potential evaluation of Central Carpathian Paleogene Basin based on integrative approach from Orava Basin},

author = { D. Staneczek and D. Więcław and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85188251143&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2024.104490&partnerID=40&md5=f9e15ae8521f357702782a878bc3b1a6},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2024.104490},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {285},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Central Carpathian Paleogene Basin (CCPB; Central Western Carpathians) comprises mainly Oligocene clastic autochthonous age-equivalents of the widely known Menilite shale formation from the Outer Carpathians. However, little is known about the paleoenvironment and its subsequent changes during the basin's evolution. Furthermore, the available hydrocarbon potential data are based on anachronous methods and are not investigated on the sub-basin level. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses supported by Rock-Eval data along with petrographic measurements enabled us to identify and document the paleoenvironmental evolution of the Orava sub-basin (NW remnant of CCPB). Thermal maturity based on vitrinite reflectance, 22S/(22S + 22R) homohopane ratio and 20S/(20S + 20R) sterane ratio increases from N to S and from Upper to Lower Oligocene. In the least mature samples ββ-hopanes, hopenes, and oleanenes are present, whereas in the most mature deposits less thermally stable compounds dissapeared. This maturation trend is shown also by the Rock-Eval data. Terrestrial organic matter input is documented by the predominance of III- and II/III-type of kerogen and the occurrence of several biomarkers, such as 3,3,7-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochrysene, cadalene, retene, and perylene. The significant contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may be linked with wildfire-related land degradation and following runoff to the basin. Based on the measured fusinite reflectance values the wildfire types could range from hotter crown fires to colder surface fires. Depositional conditions in Lower Oligocene units are characterized by intermittent euxinia, as derived from small (<5 μm) pyrite framboid diameters and the presence of isorenieratane. Subsequently, a change of conditions to oxic/dysoxic in younger units is observed, and the input of terrestrial organic matter increased. © 2023},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85179127948,

title = {Neutral saccharides and hemicellulose over two urban sites in Indo-Gangetic Plain and Central Europe during winter},

author = { P. Rajeev and T. Gupta and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85179127948&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2023.168849&partnerID=40&md5=34b00e54c7ce2feffe0fdb5cdf8380e2},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168849},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {912},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Saccharides are ubiquitous organic compounds that are omnipresent in nature and are considered tracers of aerosol sources. Saccharides and hemicellulose were analyzed in the aerosols of two polluted regions (Allahabad; India and Sosnowiec; Poland). The chemical compositions of the compounds and their abundances were significantly different at the two sites. Levoglucosan was the most dominant saccharide present at both sites. Galactosan, anhydroglucofuranose, mannosan, glucose, arabitol, D-pinitol, sucrose, and trehalose were found in Allahabad samples in high abundance but were significantly lower than levoglucosan. Mannosan, galactosan, arabinose, glycerol, and sucrose were significant compounds in Sosnowiec after dominating levoglucosan. The major sources of saccharides present in the Allahabad aerosols are hardwood and agricultural waste-burning emissions, whereas those at Sosnowiec are attributed to the burning of softwood (mainly gymnosperm trees), pine needles, or sporadically grass during the winter. Further, the chemical characteristics of hemicellulose remnants present in ambient aerosol at the Indian and European sites were analyzed and discussed. At both locations, hemicellulose was found using methanolysis of the filter samples; however, its state of preservation was poor. We believe that the primary sources of hemicellulose remnants are incomplete wood burning, crop straw, grass burning, or plant debris. Relatively poor preservation is associated with partial hemicellulose degradation when exposed to elevated temperatures or due to the oxidation and microbial degradation of plant fragments. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85196017476,

title = {Hydrocarbon-derived thrombolites from the Outer Carpathians (Lower Cretaceous, Poland)},

author = { S. Giunti and P. Gedl and A. Kędzior and L. Marynowski and M. Paszkowski and A. Wetzel and M.J. Bojanowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85196017476&doi=10.1111%2fsed.13212&partnerID=40&md5=7c611f6a7be151215c3459fdb2e00cb5},

doi = {10.1111/sed.13212},

issn = {00370746},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Sedimentology},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {Shallow marine thrombolites from a newly discovered Lower Cretaceous cold seep in the Outer Carpathians (Poland) were analysed in order to untangle the complex sedimentological and biogeochemical processes involved in their formation and their diagenetic modifications. The studied thrombolites are made of two components: (i) microcrystalline mesoclots; and (ii) spar-filled framework cavities. These components are dominated by calcite and show a complex spatial relationship, resulting in a heterogeneous, clotted fabric. The mesoclots exhibit digitate structures, often concentrically-laminated, and are chiefly composed of microcrystalline material with δ13C values from −34.8 to −19.4‰ PeeDee Belemnite. Biomarkers analyses show the presence of 2, 6, 10, 15, 19-pentamethylicosane within the mesoclots. The mesoclots host <5 mm wide microtubes filled with isopachous calcite recording even lower δ13C values (from −39.0 to −20.5‰ PeeDee Belemnite). The morphology of the mesoclots relative to their internal lamination and their geochemistry indicates that their growth was linked to anaerobic oxidation of methane while the microtubes acted as conduits for hydrocarbon-charged fluids. The framework cavities are internally lined with framboidal pyrite, and are cemented by calcite spar with relatively high δ13C (−15.1 to −7.3‰ PeeDee Belemnite) and low δ18O values (−9.3 to −4.4‰ PeeDee Belemnite). Carbonate precipitation within the framework cavities is interpreted to have been related to bacterial sulphate reduction. U-shaped trace fossils attributed to the ichnogenus Balanoglossites cross-cut both mesoclots and framework cavities. The mechanisms involved in the formation and diagenesis of thrombolites at cold seeps are yet to be fully understood, and this work provides new insights on these complex biogeochemical and sedimentological processes. © 2024 The Author(s). Sedimentology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Association of Sedimentologists.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85194468462,

title = {Geochemical implications of uranium-bearing thucholite aggregates in the Upper Permian Kupferschiefer shale, Lubin district, Poland},

author = { M.D. Syczewski and P. Panajew and L. Marynowski and M. Waliczek and A. Borkowski and J. Rohovec and S. Matoušková and I. Sekudewicz and Mal. Liszewska and B.J. Jankiewicz and A.N. Khamieva and M. Słowakiewicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85194468462&doi=10.1007%2fs00126-024-01279-y&partnerID=40&md5=757a14ca471f757d7b80e8db197c9332},

doi = {10.1007/s00126-024-01279-y},

issn = {00264598},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Mineralium Deposita},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {New inorganic and organic geochemical data from thucholite in the Upper Permian (Wuchiapingian) Kupferschiefer (T1) shale collected at the Polkowice-Sieroszowice Cu-Ag mine in Poland are presented. Thucholite, which forms spherical or granular clusters, appears scattered in the T1 dolomitic shale at the oxic-anoxic boundary occurring within the same shale member. The composition of thucholite concretions and the T1 shale differs by a higher content of U- and REE-enriched mineral phases within the thucholite concretions compared to the T1 shale, suggesting a different mineralising history. The differences also comprise higher Ntot, Ctot, Htot, Stot contents and higher C/N, C/S ratios in thucholite than in the T1 shale. The hydrocarbon composition of the thucholite and the surrounding T1 shale also varies. Both are dominated by polycyclic aromatic compounds and their phenyl derivatives. However, higher abundances of unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the thucholite are indicative of its pyrogenic origin. Pyrolytic compounds such as benz[a]anthracene or benzo[a]pyrene are more typical of the thucholite than the T1 shale. Microscopic observations of the thucholite and its molecular composition suggest that it represents well-rounded small charcoal fragments. These charcoals were formed during low-temperature combustion, as confirmed by semifusinite reflectance values, indicating surface fire temperatures of about 400 °C, and the absence of the high-temperature pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Charred detrital particles, likely the main source of insoluble organic matter in the thucholite, migrated to the sedimentary basin in the form of spherical carbonaceous particulates, which adsorbed uranium and REE in particular, which would further explain their different contents and sorption properties in the depositional environment. Finally, the difference in mineral content between thucholite and the T1 shale could also have been caused by microbes, which might have formed biofilms on mineral particles, and caused a change in the original mineral composition. © The Author(s) 2024.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85173474122,

title = {Preservation, diagenetic transformation and paleoecological significance of fungal saccharides from lignites and fossil wood},

author = { L. Marynowski and J. Smolarek-Lach and P.K. Singh and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85173474122&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2023.104686&partnerID=40&md5=df01716b734890ef3ace85b7df6820f8},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2023.104686},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {185},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Fungi are a common component of terrestrial ecosystems, although their preservation as molecular fossils is relatively rare. Saccharides, such as arabitol, mannitol and trehalose, are important in biochemical processes, and are the dominant compounds in fungi, lichens and yeasts. Here we present gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of fungal saccharides in brown coal extracts and compare their distribution to extant white, brown, and soft-rot fungi. Distribution differs depending on the type of decay in modern and fossil wood-decomposing fungi. An arabitol/(arabitol + trehalose) ratio higher than 0.6 for extant and fossil fungi is diagnostic for soft and brown rot, while values below 0.4 are characteristic of white rot fungi. Values between 0.4 and 0.6 suggest a mixed origin of fungal saccharides. The observed differences may shed light on the type of fungal activity, in particular relatated to climatic conditions of the Cenozoic. We conclude that saccharides can be good indicators, sensitive to climate change, of wood degradation by fungi in thermally immature organic matter. As a case study, early Cenozoic lignites were formed on low latitudes in the tropics during or near the Paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum, as extant soft rot fungi can withstand extremes of temperature and humidity. The presence of these fungi is confirmed by the dominance of arabitol over trehalose in most of the Lower Cenozoic lignites and arabitol/(arabitol + trehalose) ratio values higher than 0.6. In contrast, Miocene detritic coals, which were formed in temperate to subtropical climates, contain saccharides derived from a mixture of different fungi with white rot predominance. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85163293211,

title = {Redox changes and mercury signature during the Lower Alum Shale Event (mid-Tournaisian, Mississippian) in the Rhenish Massif: Implications for oxygenation history and volcanism in southern Laurussian shelf and Palaeotethys Ocean},

author = { M. Rakociński and J. Kucharczyk and A. Pisarzowska and M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski and S. Hartenfels and R.T. Becker},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163293211&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2023.104165&partnerID=40&md5=5558e8953a75ef0bd1c7fda4d05c3786},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104165},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {227},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The mid-Tournaisian Event, also called the Lower Alum Shale Event (LASE), was a global anoxic event that occurred ca. 355 Ma ago. This event is connected to drastic facies changes from pelagic carbonate sedimentation to widespread black organic-rich siliceous shales and radiolarites in many parts of the world. For the first time, high-resolution inorganic geochemistry and framboidal pyrite analyses were applied to decipher depositional condition changes during the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event in the Rhenish Massif, then situated on southern shelf of the Laurussia continent. The lower and middle parts of the LASE interval in the study area were deposited under anoxic conditions at the bottom and water column, while the upper part was deposited under restricted but better‑oxygenated conditions. Additionally, a minor Hg anomaly was found during the LASE deposition in the Rhenish Massif, confirming volcanic overprint during the event. The scenario of palaeoenvironmental changes obtained in the Rhenish Massif is compared to other areas where the LASE was recorded and studied, providing a wider, panregional picture of changes in marine settings during that important Mississippian event. The results obtained in the present study show that the conditions during the LASE in pelagic settings were not uniform, with variable bottom-water oxygenation and different proximity and influence of volcanic activities. The numerous regional magmatic centers are considered as potentially responsible for the drastic depositional changes at a local scale and the bioproductivity increase at the global scale. However, their total contribution caused the climatic turnover responsible for the Gondwana deglaciation and resultant global transgression leading to development of anoxia in many parts of the world during this mid-Tournaisian anoxic event. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85152003184,

title = {Differences in hemicellulose composition and pectin detection in Eocene and Miocene xylites},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Goryl and M. Lempart-Drozd and M. Bucha and M.A. Majewski and M. Stępień and R. Loręc and J.J. Brocks and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152003184&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemgeo.2023.121416&partnerID=40&md5=8c204141aef9c55417784ccfe863983d},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121416},

issn = {00092541},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {624},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The composition of hemicelluloses differ considerably in extant hardwood and softwood. In this study, we demonstrate that there are also significant differences between the hemicellulose composition of angiosperm and gymnosperm fossil wood (Eocene to Miocene). Because of the excellent preservation and high hemicellulose contents, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy of xylites shows bands that are characteristic of various hemicelluloses and pectin (despite the overlapping of cellulose and lignin IR bands). In particular, fossil softwood samples show IR bands typical of mannose-containing hemicellulose. The composition of hemicellulose is determined through methanolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results correspond with those of extant softwood and hardwood hemicelluloses because of the excellent preservation of 13–35 Myr fossil wood deposited under reducing marine conditions. The main saccharide building blocks found in angiosperm Eocene and Miocene wood are glucose and xylose. In contrast, mannose, galactose, and glucose are dominant in gymnosperms. The relationship among xylose, mannose, and rhamnose suitably differentiates both fossil and extant woods. Moreover, the relatively high contents of rhamnose and galacturonic acid identified mainly in angiosperms indicate the presence of preserved pectin, which has not been previously documented in fossil organic matter. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy reveals the presence of xylogalacturonan fragments in a separate fraction of the angiosperm Eocene wood. The presence of pectin, a significantly labile carbohydrate polymer, confirms the perfect preservation of fossil wood in marine deposits. This study sheds new light on the identification of xylite affinities based on their hemicellulose composition and promotes research toward the palaeochemotaxonomy of fossil plants. © 2023},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85147541252,

title = {Preservation of labile organic compounds in sapropelic coals from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and M. Misz-Kennan and M.J. Fabiańska and J. Ciesielczuk and T. Krzykawski and B.R.T. Simoneit and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147541252&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2023.104186&partnerID=40&md5=396c170a48381df292c872f303db8608},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2023.104186},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {267},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Sapropelic coals were taken for study from coal mines and coal waste dumps in Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), Poland. They showed unusual molecular compositions reflecting immature characteristics. The vitrinite reflectances 0.65-1.00% indicated mature organic matter (OM) and agreed with the Rock Eval Tmax (421-444oC). The OM maturity also was supported by the geochemical ratios, i.e., alkylnaphthalenes, dimethylphenanthrenes, methylbiphenyls and dibenzofuran or phenol and its methyl derivatives in the southern part of USCB. The petrographic features showed fine-grained and laminated OM, which is typical for sapropel with a dominance of vitrinite and inertinite macerals. The presence of fusinites and natural chars reflects paleowildfires prior to coal formation and/or peat fires. It is also confirmed by the presence of anthracene, methyl-anthracenes, and oxygen-containing aromatic compounds like anthrone, xanthone, fluorenone, and benzofluoren-11-ones. Rock Eval pyrolysis data showed very similar values as the humic coals from USCB, except for the elevated values of S2 (residual petroleum potential) and Hydrogen Index (HI) reflecting the presence of hydrogen-rich liptinite macerals. The distributions of n-alkanes, methylalkanes, alkylcyclohexanes and alkylbenzenes indicate a microbiological origin associated with microorganisms, including cyanobacteria or Botryococcus. In all samples 8β(H)-homodrimane dominated and indicated an anoxic environment of the deep lakes. The preservation of tetracyclic diterpenoids, diaster-13(17)-enes, ββ-hopanes, simonellite, bisnorsimonellite, cadalene, fatty acids, aromatic aldehydes and carboxylic acids from lignin degradation in sapropelic hard coals indicates an early diagenetic generation of these compounds from sapropels. Furthermore, during coalification, some the less thermally labile compounds can be preserved with increasing coal rank, while others isomerized or aromatized to more stable counterparts. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85130342782,

title = {Mercury evidence of intense submarine volcanism and hydrothermal activity during a mid-Tournaisian anoxic event in the Carnic Alps},

author = { M. Rakociński and D. Książak and A. Pisarzowska and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130342782&doi=10.1016%2fj.gr.2022.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=d47940ab64ee03be555bc63d488687b8},

doi = {10.1016/j.gr.2022.05.004},

issn = {1342937X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Gondwana Research},

volume = {109},

pages = {225-238},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The mid-Tournaisian Event, or Lower Alum Shale Event (LASE), is linked to severe facies changes including pelagic carbonates and widespread black siliceous shales and radiolarites in many parts of the world. For the first time, high-resolution inorganic geochemistry and framboidal pyrite analyses were applied to decipher depositional condition changes during the mid-Tournaisian event in the Carnic Alps. The predominance of tiny pyrite framboids, high Corg/P, U/Th, and V/Cr ratios, generally higher enrichments of redox-sensitive metals such as Mo, U, V, and depletion in Mn suggest anoxic/euxinic conditions at the sea bottom. Moreover, we found very large anomalous Hg spikes (with maximum values reaching 3650 ppb) for the first time in the mid-Tournaisian deep-water marine succession of the Carnic Alps. Our results suggest intense volcanism during the LASE, which triggered the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event. The most likely candidate for the observed Hg anomalous contents is submarine arc volcanism and hydrothermal activity connected with the collision of the peri-Gondwanan terranes Paleo-Adria and probably Armorican Terrane Assemblage (ATA) and/or Noric terrane during the first phase of the Variscan orogeny. © 2022 International Association for Gondwana Research},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85129533042,

title = {The stability of polyaromatic naphthalene sulfonates in hydrothermal solutions to 330 °C at equilibrium saturated vapour pressure},

author = { L. Sajkowski and T.M. Seward and B.W. Mountain and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129533042&doi=10.1016%2fj.geothermics.2022.102437&partnerID=40&md5=fe8164268987eac24549601fa5d9a267},

doi = {10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102437},

issn = {03756505},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Geothermics},

volume = {104},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Naphthalene sulfonates and disulfonates have been widely used in the geothermal industry as tracer chemicals and knowledge of their rates of thermal breakdown is essential to ensure their successful use. In this study the stabilities of six polyaromatic sulfonates: 1-naphthalene sulfonate (1-NS); 2-naphthalene sulfonate (2-NS); 2,6-naphthalene disulfonate (2;6-NDS); 2,7-naphthalene disulfonate (2;7-NDS); 1,5- naphthalene disulfonate (1;5-NDS); and 1,6-naphtahlene disulfonate (1;6-NDS) in 0.050 mol kg−1 NaCl solution was investigated. The NDS/NS thermal stabilities were studied as a function of temperature and pH in oxygen-free solutions. Three sets of experiments were conducted using quartz glass ampoules. The first set of experiments studied the breakdown rates of both 1,5-NDS and 2-NS at a range of pH values at 200 and 300 °C. The second set studied 1,6-NDS thermal decay to determine the breakdown products at 200, 250, and 300 °C. The third set involved a mixture of 1,5-NDS, 1,6-NDS, 2,6-NDS, 2,7-NDS, and 2-NS in 0.050 mol kg−1 NaCl, with and without the presence of greywacke, at temperatures up to 300 °C. The results show that 1,5-NDS and 2-NS breakdown is temperature and pH-dependent. The breakdown of 1,6-NDS forms mainly 2-naphthalene sulfonate (2-NS), whereas above 300 °C, 1,6-NDS generated significant amounts of naphthalene (NAP). The results show that the stabilities of all tested NDS/NS compounds are temperature-dependent with their relative stabilities increasing in the order 1,5-NDS < 1,6-NDS < 2,6-NDS ≈ 2,7-NDS < 2-NS. In the presence of greywacke, fluid-rock interactions served to buffer pH thereby stabilizing the NDS over experiments where no rock was present. The finding presented in this study support need for reevaluation of historic NDS tracer tests, and consideration of reservoir temperature and pH when planning future tests. © 2022},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85135313507,

title = {The transition toward the Messinian evaporites identified by biomarker records in the organic-rich shales of the Tripoli Formation (Sicily, Italy)},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and M. Forzese and R. Maniscalco and A. Di Stefano and M. Misz-Kennan and L. Marynowski and T. Krzykawski and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135313507&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2022.104053&partnerID=40&md5=d95062882491fd96c91734503951577e},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2022.104053},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {260},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Pre-evaporitic Messinian deposits, consisting of a cyclic alternation of diatomites with lime mudstones, and laminated marls, crop out all over the Mediterranean area, representing important archives of deteriorating environmental conditions. The peculiar section of Torrente Vaccarizzo (Sicily) shows several intervals of organic-rich shales, exceptionally high in lipid biomarkers, interbedded mostly with diatomites, laminites, and lime mudstones. This research deals with geochemical analyses of organic-rich shales to characterize the depositional environments and the organic matter source, as well as to investigate the biological archives predating the extreme saline conditions of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. The biomarker compositions with the petrographic results reflect a change from oxic/dysoxic to dysoxic/anoxic conditions towards younger strata. Although a minor terrestrial input is displayed by saccharides and angiosperm biomarkers, such as amyrins, dicarboxylic acids, and lignin degradation products, most of the n-alkanes, isoprenoids, n-alkanoic acids, steroids, hopanes, and tocopherols are produced by marine hypersaline tolerant organisms. Sulfurization of organic compounds (mainly isoprenoids and n-alkanols) complements the pyrite mineralogy also indicating anoxia. The assessment of kerogen by Rock Eval pyrolysis revealed a moderate-good oil potential and indicated thermally immature organic matter, which is also confirmed by multiple geochemical parameters (e.g. hopane; sterane). Bituminite at this stage of thermal maturity is not prone to hydrocarbon generation, but depends on the degree of bacterial alteration. This work highlights the relevance of using biomarkers to characterize the response of biological communities to deteriorating environmental conditions. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85131459760,

title = {Paleoenvironment, organic matter maturity and the hydrocarbon potential of Menilite shales (Silesian Unit, Polish Outer Carpathians) – Organic and inorganic geochemical proxies},

author = { P. Wójcik-Tabol and M. Wendorff-Belon and P. Kosakowski and A. Zakrzewski and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131459760&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpetgeo.2022.105767&partnerID=40&md5=1a65989f95ed0aacd45475a02b16eaaa},

doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2022.105767},

issn = {02648172},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},

volume = {142},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The Oligocene Menilite shales (Silesian Unit; Polish Outer Carpathians), an example of the organic-rich black shale facies of the Paratethys, were sampled in the two sections of Znamirowice and Kobielnik, representing proximal to the land and open-marine environments, respectively. Terrestrial organic matter (OM) imprinted in maceral and biomarker composition was probably supplied by the fresh-water runoff, as suggested by the total organic carbon (TOC)–total sulfur (TS) values and low Sr/Ba ratio in the Znamirowice section. In contrast, normal marine-salinity conditions and the scarcity of higher plant-derived biomarkers or macerals in the Kobielnik section suggest the deposition in a more distal environment. Abundant alginite and bituminite, high TOC content and EF P2O5 values, together with biogenic silica and the occurrence of triaromatic dinosteroids indicate a medium-to-high primary productivity, represented by algal–bacterial communities including silica-secreting organisms. The inorganic proxies show that the analysed rocks were mainly deposited in unrestricted basin probably affected by temporary upwelling. Only a small number of samples approach the restricted basin model. Concentrations of redox-sensitive elements (e.g. Mo; U; V; Ni; Co) corroborating with biomarker proxies (homohopane index; pristane/phytane) allow us to suppose oxic conditions within the water column with periods of oxygen reduction in the bottom waters and mainly dysoxia/anoxia in the sediment during the Menilite shale formation. The studied Menilite shales are source rocks with good-to-excellent hydrocarbon potential, characterised by mostly immature OM. However, the hopane and sterane isomerisation ratios show a more advanced stage of thermal maturation in the Kobielnik section, reaching the threshold of the oil window. In the Znamirowice section the OM is still immature. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85125539700,

title = {High concentrations of HgS, MeHg and toxic gas emissions in thermally affected waste dumps from hard coal mining in Poland},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and J. Cabała and L. Marynowski and M. Jabłońska and M. Dziurowicz and D. Malczewski and B. Kozielska and P. Siupka and Z. Piotrowska-Seget and B.R.T. Simoneit and M. Szczyrba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125539700&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhazmat.2022.128542&partnerID=40&md5=dc4d622cf940b6c3ae23b6a2bebc9f65},

doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128542},

issn = {03043894},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Hazardous Materials},

volume = {431},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {This study aims to provide numerous environmental research approaches to understand the formation of mineral and organic mercury compounds in self-heating coal waste dumps of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB). The results are combined with environmental and health risk assessments. The mineralogy comprised accessory minerals in the fine fraction of thermally affected waste, i.e., Hg sulfides, most likely cinnabar or metacinnabar. Moreover, other metals, e.g., Pb, Zn and Cu, were found as sulfide forms. Apart from Hg, the ICP-ES/MS data confirmed the high content of Mn, Zn, Pb, Hg, Cr and Ba in these wastes. The high concentration of available Hg resulted in elevated MeHg concentrations in the dumps. There were no correlations or trends between MeHg concentrations and elemental Hg, TS, TOC, and pH. Furthermore, we did not detect microbial genes responsible for Hg methylation. The organic compounds identified in waste and emitted gases, such as organic acids, or free methyl radicals, common in such burn environments, could be responsible for the formation of MeHg. The concentration levels of gases, e.g., benzene, formaldehyde, NH3, emitted by the vents, reached or surpassed acceptable levels numerous times. The potential ecological and human health risks of these dumps were moderate to very high due to the significant influence of the high Hg concentrations. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85130804838,

title = {Combined Nitrogen-Isotope and Cyclostratigraphy Evidence for Temporal and Spatial Variability in Frasnian–Famennian Environmental Change},

author = { L.M.E. Percival and L. Marynowski and F. Baudin and S. Goderis and D. De Vleeschouwer and M. Rakociński and K. Narkiewicz and C. Corradini and A.Ch. Da Silva and P. Claeys},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130804838&doi=10.1029%2f2021GC010308&partnerID=40&md5=85c07f307a9d6a7465ba3795f6a022a5},

doi = {10.1029/2021GC010308},

issn = {15252027},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},

volume = {23},

number = {5},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {Widespread marine anoxia triggered by the runoff and recycling of nutrients was a key phenomenon associated with the Frasnian–Famennian (FF) mass extinction. However, the relative importance of global-scale processes versus local influences on site-specific environmental change remains poorly understood. Here, nitrogen-isotope (δ15N) trends are combined with organic-biomarker, phosphorus, and Rock-Eval data in FF sites from the USA (H-32 core; Iowa), Poland (Kowala Quarry), and Belgium (Sinsin). Up-to-date cyclostratigraphic age models for all three sites allow the nature and timing of changes to be precisely compared across the globe. Negative δ15N excursions across the FF interval from the H-32 core and Kowala correlate with geochemical evidence for euxinic, phosphorus-rich, water columns, and possible cyanobacterial activity, suggestive of increased diazotrophic N fixation, potentially coupled with ammonium assimilation at the latter site. By contrast, previously studied sites from Western Canada and South China document enhanced water-column denitrification around the onset of the Upper Kellwasser (UKW) Event, re-emphasizing the geographical heterogeneity in environmental perturbations at that time. Moreover, environmental degradation began >100 kyr earlier in Poland, coeval with a major increase in bioavailable phosphorus supply, than in Iowa, where no such influx is recorded. These regional differences in both the timing and nature of marine perturbations during the FF interval likely resulted from the variable influx of terrigenous nutrients to different marine basins at that time, highlighting the importance of local processes such as terrestrial runoff in driving environmental degradation during times of climate cooling such as the UKW Event. © 2022. The Authors.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85112316589,

title = {Thermal transformation of chalcedonite artefacts from the Magdalenian site of Ćmielów 95”Mały Gawroniec” (Poland)},

author = { E.A. Miśta-Jakubowska and Ł. Kruszewski and M. Przeździecki and M. Paczkowski and L. Marynowski and A.M. Gójska and M. Wilczopolska and R. Diduszko and K. Pyżewicz and T. Kosiński and K. Trela and M. Szubski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85112316589&doi=10.1111%2farcm.12703&partnerID=40&md5=d40aa521910e8ef337d799b6ddd0a8c6},

doi = {10.1111/arcm.12703},

issn = {0003813X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Archaeometry},

volume = {64},

number = {2},

pages = {300-316},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {Two chalcedonite artefacts from the Magdalenian site of Ćmielów 95 (Poland), with macroscopic features suggestive of thermal treatment, were subjected to a multi-instrumental analysis. The red upper layer of the objects consists of ”protohematite”, implying temperature-driven, goethite-to-hematite transition. The red layer shows traces of carbonized matter with saccharides and levoglucosan (from burning wood) as well as fatty acids. PXRD data suggest a source of higher temperatures (up to ~800°C) within the bottom layer, with ~200–300°C range ascribed to the red layer. On the basis of the collected data the artefacts are proposed to be relics of cooking stones. © 2021 The Authors. Archaeometry © 2021 University of Oxford},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85116654445,

title = {Saccharides in atmospheric particulate and sedimentary organic matter: Status overview and future perspectives},

author = { L. Marynowski and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116654445&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemosphere.2021.132376&partnerID=40&md5=9b50b4f66d42c08a92e3e713dd6998b0},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132376},

issn = {00456535},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Chemosphere},

volume = {288},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Saccharides are omnipresent compounds in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Since the 2000s, their role in environmental and geochemical studies has significantly increased, but only anhydrosaccharides (mainly levoglucosan) have been reviewed. Here we present the wider knowledge about saccharides in organic matter of aerosols, bottom sediments, soils, dust, and sedimentary rocks. The main purpose here is to characterize the possible sources of saccharides, as well as sacharol formation, seasonal variability, and the possible applications in environmental and paleoenvironmental interpretations. Different saccharide sources were designated, including biomass burning, and particulate matter such as pollen, spores, lichen, and fungi, as well as polysaccharide decomposition as possible inputs of monosaccharides. The main focus was on the most common saccharides encountered in environmental samples and sedimentary rocks. These are the mono- and disaccharides glucose, fructose, sucrose, and trehalose, and sacharols arabitol and mannitol. The anhydrosaccharides levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan were evaluated as ancient wildfire indicators and industrialization tracers found in lacustrine sediments starting from Pleistocene to contemporary deposits. However, other anhydrosaccharides like xylosan and arabinosan were also found as products of fossil wood burning. These anhydrosaccharides have the potential to be further tracers of hemicellulose burning. Additional recommendations are proposed for future research, including environmental and paleoenvironmental topics that need to be addressed. © 2021 The Authors},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85111334635,

title = {Preservation of hemicellulose remnants in sedimentary organic matter},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Bucha and M. Lempart-Drozd and M. Stępień and M. Kondratowicz and J. Smolarek-Lach and M. Rybicki and M. Goryl and J.J. Brocks and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111334635&doi=10.1016%2fj.gca.2021.07.003&partnerID=40&md5=3db5f77e50b98e7da685875bb2ec57e8},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2021.07.003},

issn = {00167037},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {310},

pages = {32-46},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Cellulose has been identified in fossil material, but the preservation potential of hemicelluloses, which are less resistant to decomposition than cellulose, is generally considered very low. Here we present the discovery of hemicellulose in Miocene xylites (fossil wood) and Cretaceous xylo-detritic coals from Poland. The main building blocks of hemicelluloses in softwood are mannose, glucose, xylose with lesser amounts of galactose and arabinose. These saccharides were detected in the coals and xylites using independent geochemical methods. Based on chemical analysis, the lignites contained significant holocellulose (22–37%), α-cellulose (8–29%) and hemicellulose (7–13%). In the smoke from a xylite burn test, levoglucosan and mannosan were dominant, the latter a specific hemicellulose alteration product. Glucose and mannose products dominated after methanolysis, with minor galactose and xylose. The main hemicellulosic polysaccharides in lignite appear to be glucomannan and/or galactoglucomannan but with a lower mannose content, possibly connected to wood degradation by fungi. The preservation of hemicelluloses in fossil material may be due to structural interconnection between lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose (i.e. lignocellulose), common in extant wood. This is the first documentation of hemicelluloses in fossil material. Our results show that not only cellulose, but also hemicelluloses can persist for millions of years under favorable conditions with only minor structural changes due to slow microbial and/or diagenetic decay. In fossil wood, types of hemicellulose can help assess whether the ancient plants were related to gymnosperms or angiosperms. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85103393331,

title = {Early Oligocene environment of the Central Paratethys revealed by biomarkers and pyrite framboids from the Tarcău and Vrancea Nappes (Eastern Outer Carpathians, Romania)},

author = { M. Wendorff-Belon and M.J. Rospondek and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103393331&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpetgeo.2021.105037&partnerID=40&md5=63d90dba1238ab4db4592ee530b22b84},

doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105037},

issn = {02648172},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},

volume = {128},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The Menilite facies, representing the most prolific hydrocarbon source rocks in the Carpathian fold and thrust belt, has been studied in two outcrop sections of the Vrancea and Tarcău Nappes (Eastern Romania) with the aim of determining the depositional environment during the Early Oligocene in the Vrancea and Tarcău sub-basins of the Central Paratethys. The biomarker composition indicates spatial variability in organic matter sources with mainly algal (particularly diatoms and dinoflagellates) and bacterial contributions in both sub-basins. This is reflected by the occurrence of such biomarkers as triaromatic dinosteroids, C25 highly branched isoprenoid thiophenes, marine n-alkanes, hopanoids and monomethyl alkanes. Solely in the Vrancea domain, the input of terrigenous organic matter of higher plant origin can be anticipated from the presence of abietane-class biomarkers (conifer-derived) and oleanane (angiosperm-derived). Distinct nutrient availability related to different positions of individual sub-basins (i.e. shallower; temporarily eutrophic Vrancea sub-basin vs. open-marine mesotrophic Tarcău domain) is reflected by different paleoproductivity indicators, such as the total organic carbon content, hydrogen index and 17α-hopanes to steranes ratio. Water column stratification with bottom water anoxia enhanced by bacterial sulfate reduction stretching into the chemocline, at least intermittently, is expressed by a characteristic tiny pyrite framboid distribution and the lack of bioturbation. However, molecular indicators (Pr/Ph ratio; C35 homohopane index) imply fluctuations of redox conditions with the dominance of dysoxic conditions, which may suggest the occasional oxidation of bottom waters linked to local upwelling. Early diagenetic organic matter transformations such as photodegradation taking place in the oxidised upper part of the water column could also have affected the biomarker distributions. The presence of aryl isoprenoids and Me,i-Bu-maleimides indicates periods of euxinic conditions within the photic zone only in the Vrancea sub-basin during the deposition of the Lower Menilite Member. This is probably related to freshwater incursions from the adjacent, at least partly emerged forebulge, as suggested by a high MTTC ratio and the occurrence of higher plant-derived organic matter. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85102972550,

title = {Monoterpenylabietenoids, novel biomarkers from extant and fossil Taxodioideae and sedimentary rocks},

author = { B.R.T. Simoneit and M. Rybicki and M. Goryl and M. Bucha and A. Otto and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102972550&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2020.104172&partnerID=40&md5=f330e429889bbdaac445f551219bde7e},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2020.104172},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {154},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The presence of 7-p-cymenylferruginol and its diagenetic biomarkers occurring in Cenozoic fossil plants and Mesozoic siltstones and coals has been studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both 7α- and 7β-p-cymenylferruginol isomers were the dominant natural products, with two novel minor additional isomers, namely 3α- and 3β-p-cymenylferruginol, and two hydrocarbons, 7α- and 7β-p-cymenyldehydroabietane. The other tentatively assigned aromatic hydrocarbons were 9,10-p-cymenylretene and 9-p-cymenylsimonellite, which were present in Upper Cretaceous and Lower Jurassic sedimentary rocks with their further dehydrogenation products. Diterpenoid dimers were also tentatively identified in trace amounts, with 11- and 14-ferruginylferruginol as the dominant compounds. Our results show that the p-cymenylferruginols and p-cymenyldehydroabietanes are not thermally stable and that their occurrence in sedimentary rocks is controlled by the maturity of the organic matter (OM). Also, chamaecydin, identified for the first time in pre-Paleogene strata, was not detectable when the OM maturity based on vitrinite reflectance was higher than ∼0.45–0.5% Rr. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85099799056,

title = {The mid-Tournaisian (Early Carboniferous) anoxic event in the Laurussian shelf basin (Poland): An integrative approach},

author = { M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and M. Zatoń and P. Filipiak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099799056&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2021.110236&partnerID=40&md5=c68a3da0e2b9c2b0f16285c71059094a},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110236},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {566},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {A wide range of proxies (organic and inorganic geochemistry; gamma-ray spectrometry; microfacies; framboidal pyrite analysis) were applied in order to decipher changes in depositional conditions during the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event, referred to as the Lower Alum Shale Event (LASE) in the Polish part of the Laurussia basin. The LASE part of the section, unlike older Tournaisian deposits, is characterised by high concentrations of isorenieratane, palaeorenieratane, and their diagenetic derivatives, the occurrence of 2-methyl-3-iso-butyl-maleimides, and high values of the sterane-to-hopane ratio. The predominance of tiny pyrite framboids, inorganic data such as low values of the Th/U and high values of the Corg/P and V/Cr ratios, and generally higher enrichments of redox-sensitive metals such as U, V, Mo, Pb, and Zn and depletion in Mn, all suggest anoxic/euxinic conditions on the sea-bottom. The results of our investigations, especially Co, Mn, Cd, and Mo distribution patterns, demonstrate that enhanced primary productivity in the water column was responsible for a high degree of organic carbon burial rather than preservation in restricted conditions on the seafloor. This elevated productivity may have been generated by the upwelling of nutrient-rich deep water, an increase in volcanic activity and volcanogenic oceanic fertilisation, or both. Volcanically driven mid-Tournaisian climatic changes (warming), as manifested by high Zr concentrations and Hg anomalies, may have been responsible for the deglaciation of Gondwana resulting in the global crenulata transgression. The global rise in sea level and high level of organic productivity were responsible for the development of anoxic conditions and the halt of carbonate production, as reflected by drastic changes of facies not only in the sections investigated, but in many other parts of the world as well. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85099119631,

title = {1,5-Naphthalene disulfonate stability and breakdown kinetics in aqueous solutions under geothermal conditions},

author = { L. Sajkowski and T.M. Seward and B.W. Mountain and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099119631&doi=10.1016%2fj.geothermics.2020.102038&partnerID=40&md5=8e85ba5a097bd1f88ed06921a71b76c2},

doi = {10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.102038},

issn = {03756505},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Geothermics},

volume = {91},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Naphthalene disulfonate solutions have been frequently injected into active geothermal reservoirs and their subsequent detection (“recovery”) in nearby wells/bore holes used as an indicator of well connectivity. 1,5-naphthalene disulfonate (1;5-NDS) has been employed as model compound to investigate the thermal breakdown rates and reaction pathways of naphthalene disulfonates and naphthalene sulfonates in oxygen-free sodium chloride solutions at elevated temperatures. Two series of experiments were conducted using quartz glass ampoules. The first series focused on the 1,5-NDS breakdown rate in and different salt solutions (i.e. NaCl +/- Na2SO4; NaHS/H2S and FeS2) at saturated vapour pressure at 250, 270 and 300 °C. The second series focused on 1,5-NDS breakdown between 200 and 300 °C, for one, two and three weeks at each temperature. Results show that 1,5-NDS breakdown is temperature-dependent and generates mixture of products. At 200 °C, 1,5-NDS breakdown forms mainly 1-naphthalene sulfonate (1-NSA), whereas above 250 °C, 1,5-NDS generated significant amounts of naphthalene (NAP). NAP remains stable at experimental conditions. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85087789832,

title = {Long-distance fluid migration defines the diagenetic history of unique Ediacaran sediments in the East European Craton},

author = { A. Derkowski and J. Środoń and M. Goryl and L. Marynowski and M. Szczerba and S. Mazur},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087789832&doi=10.1111%2fbre.12485&partnerID=40&md5=ba035a7f2f03a1393eb558e87b4feede},

doi = {10.1111/bre.12485},

issn = {0950091X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Basin Research},

volume = {33},

number = {1},

pages = {570-593},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {The diagenetic history of the Ediacaran sedimentary rocks in the East European Craton (EEC) over the area extending from Arkhangelsk (Russia) in the north to Podolia (Ukraine) in the south was revealed by means of the XRD characterization and K–Ar dating of clay fractions, mudstone porosity measurements and organic geochemistry investigations. Mudstone porosity measurements produced direct evidence of shallow maximum burial of the Ediacaran sediments on the craton (Russia; Lithuania; Belarus; Volyn), not exceeding 1.5 km, and much deeper burial at the cratonic margin, in Podolia and Poland. In general, illitization of smectite and biomarker indices indicates more advanced diagenesis at the cratonic margin. K–Ar dating of authigenic illite–smectite and aluminoceladonite revealed the Palaeozoic age of mineral diagenesis (ca. 450–300 Ma) both on the craton and its margin, with older ages generally observed in the north. When the maximum palaeotemperatures were evaluated from illite–smectite and biomarkers, based on the calibrations from the conventional burial diagenetic sections, a major mismatch was detected for the cratonic area: 100°C–130°C from illite––smectite and tens of oC lower from the lipid biomarkers. This diagenetic pattern was interpreted as the result of short-lasting (in ky scale) pulses of potassium-bearing hot fluids migrating from the Caledonian and Variscan orogens deep in the craton interior, effectively promoting illitization in porous rocks without altering the organic matter. Analogous short pulses of fluids were responsible for numerous diagenetic phenomena, including Mississippi Valley-Type ore deposits, in the American Midwest, in front of the Appalachians. K–Ar dating indicates that the entire Proterozoic sedimentary cover of the Great Unconformity on the EEC remained untouched by measureable post-sedimentary changes until the early Palaeozoic, thus for over 1000 My, which is an unprecedented finding. © 2020 International Association of Sedimentologists and European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers and John Wiley & Sons Ltd},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85118340781,

title = {Sugars in environmental samples and sedimentary rocks – effectiveness in derivatization for gc-ms analysis},

author = { J. Smolarek-Lach and M. Goryl and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118340781&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1609&partnerID=40&md5=c4221a181e37b6816e7846806d54f20f},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1609},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {65},

number = {3},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {Saccharides (sugars), common constituents of the bio-and geosphere, are useful in determining the source of organic matter (OM) in aerosols and early diagenetic phases. Due to the chemical properties and great diversity of sugars in nature, a wide range of techniques is used for the isolation and quantification of saccharides. Here, gas chromatography-mass spec-trometry analysis, preceded by derivatization with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)tri fluoroacetamide (BSTFA), was undertaken. The effectiveness of this derivatization was demonstrated for soils, aerosols, fungi, and individual sugar standards. The efficacy of BSTFA derivatization for individual sugar standards and, similarly, for samples of sugars in winter and summer aerosols was adequate. In fungi and soil samples, the MSTFA re-agent was much more effective. Different mono-and disaccharides were identified in biological samples and sedimentary rocks, showing not only the great diversity of these compounds but also the specificity of their origin in recent and ancient OM. Greater variation in the occurrence of sugars in soils compared to rocks may suggest differences in the stability of some saccharides at an early stage of diagenetic transformation. Comparison of the occurrence of certain sugars in biological samples and sedimentary rocks sheds new light on the origin and preservation of these biomolecules. © 2021, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85089820782,

title = {Seasonal and vertical variability of saccharides and other organic tracers of PM10 in relation to weather conditions in an urban environment of Upper Silesia, Poland},

author = { L. Marynowski and E.B. Łupikasza and K. Dąbrowska-Zapart and Ł. Małarzewski and T. Niedźwiedź and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089820782&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2020.117849&partnerID=40&md5=d0c65b4e064f6a3a076cab7996c52eda},

doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117849},

issn = {13522310},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Atmospheric Environment},

volume = {242},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {PM10 samples collected over one year from the city of Sosnowiec, part of the Upper Silesia metropolis were studied. The locale was a gradient meteorological station, 4 m and 100 m above ground. The dominant compounds identified were anhydro-, mono- and disaccharides which were divided into three groups of organic tracers (OT): biomass burning (BB) including low-rank coal burning, pollen grains (PG) and fungal spores (FS). The BB group included: levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan, complemented with vanillic and dehydroabietic acids. The PG group included: fructose, glucose and sucrose, supplemented with D-pinitol, and the FS tracers included: arabitol, mannitol and trehalose. Levoglucosan reached 1503 ng/m3 in heating season at 4 m and 983 ng/m3 at 100 m. These values are among the highest mean concentrations of levoglucosan reported in Europe, confirming severe pollution of the Upper Silesian urban environment. We also suggest that the significant levoglucosan levels during the non-heating seasons could be from wind advected polluted soil and dust. All FS tracers correlate well with fungal spore counts, while the correlation of pollen numbers with their typical molecular tracers is statistically less significant. Weather conditions significantly influence the concentration of OT in aerosols. Among these, air temperature is a factor that affects the occurrence/existence of OT in the atmosphere, while temperature inversions are the main phenomenon which determines elevated concentrations of pollutants and their vertical variation in ambient air. For example, the concentration of BB tracers can be twice as high at 4 m as at 100 m under moderate to strong temperature inversions associated with low wind speed. Water vapor pressure and sun irradiation are also important factors controlling OT concentrations. This is one of the first studies of vertical differences in organic tracers which presents the variability and complexity of the processes affecting their concentrations in ambient air. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85082809689,

title = {Volcanic related methylmercury poisoning as the possible driver of the end-Devonian Mass Extinction},

author = { M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and A. Pisarzowska and J. Bełdowski and G. Siedlewicz and M. Zatoń and M.C. Perri and C. Spalletta and H.P. Schönlaub},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082809689&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-020-64104-2&partnerID=40&md5=f478c7c519f96f2e2443afc4e0f09482},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-64104-2},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {The end-Devonian global Hangenberg event (359 Ma) is among the most devastating mass extinction events in Earth’s history, albeit not one of the “Big Five”. This extinction is linked to worldwide anoxia caused by global climatic changes. These changes could have been driven by astronomical forcing and volcanic cataclysm, but ultimate causes of the extinction still remain unclear. Here we report anomalously high mercury (Hg) concentration in marine deposits encompassing the Hangenberg event from Italy and Austria (Carnic Alps). The Hangenberg event recorded in the sections investigated can be here interpreted as caused by extensive volcanic activity of large igneous provinces (LIPs), arc volcanism and/or hydrothermal activity. Our results (very large Hg anomalies) imply volcanism as a most possible cause of the Hangenberg event, similar to other first order mass extinctions during the Phanerozoic. For the first time we show that apart from anoxia, proximate kill mechanism of aquatic life during the event could have been methylmercury formed by biomethylation of a volcanically derived, huge concentration of inorganic Hg supplied to the ocean. Methylmercury as a much more toxic Hg form, potentially could have had a devastating impact on end-Devonian biodiversity, causing the extinction of many pelagic species. © 2020, The Author(s).},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85091205220,

title = {Co-occurrence of charcoal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and terrestrial biomarkers in an early Permian swamp to lagoonal depositional system, Paraná Basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil},

author = { R. Kubik and L. Marynowski and D. Uhl and A. Jasper},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091205220&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2020.103590&partnerID=40&md5=fe9b8a7d047ea0d6734c43ff7fd95e5f},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2020.103590},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {230},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The Permian period had the most oxygen-rich atmosphere in Earth's history. With the presence of large amounts of fuel from vegetation, there was therefore a high probability of igniting fires during this time. This study presents the geochemical characterization of charcoal-bearing Asselian sediments, represented by terrestrial to lagoonal facies, collected from the Quitéria and Curva do Belvedere outcrops, Paraná Basin, Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. Lower Permian sedimentary rock organic extracts were studied using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, to determine their molecular composition. Associations were found between biomarkers of unburned terrestrial gymnosperm plants and organic matter (OM) of pyrolytic origin. The predominance of odd-carbon n-alkanes with a high molecular weight (C25–C31), indicates an origin from higher plants. The same pattern was observed for high molecular weight even-carbon n-carboxylic acids, but was less distinctive. Between other polar compounds, aromatic carboxylic acids, and aldehydes associated with decomposition of lignin, were found as important polar fraction constituents. Aromatic carboxylic acids were also the main components of a copper oxide (CuO) oxidation experiment, which imply preservation of lignin remnants in OM-rich sedimentary rocks. Other higher plant biomarkers were represented by cadalene, simonellite, retene and perylene. Aromatic hydrocarbon series such as alkylnaphthalenes and alkylphenanthrenes are very common in the OM-rich mudstones, and rare or absent in alluvial fan or lagoon deposits, which may be associated with secondary processes like water washing and OM oxidation. Unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), common in pyrolytic processes, were widespread in the investigated material. The PAHs with the highest concentrations in the rock samples were benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, chrysene/triphenylene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Less abundant but almost always present were phenanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, anthracene and 13H-indeno[1;2-e]pyrene. The temperatures and types of wildfires were assessed based on total unsubstituted PAH concentrations and fusinite reflectance measurements. The estimated temperatures were around 400–500 °C, which correspond to surface fires. These findings suggest that wildfires occurred more commonly during dry seasons when the swamps were periodically desiccated. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85088918438,

title = {Microbial methane formation from different lithotypes of Miocene lignites from the Konin Basin, Poland: Geochemistry of the gases and composition of the microbial communities},

author = { M. Bucha and A. Detman and Ł. Pleśniak and W. Drzewicki and D. Kufka and A. Chojnacka and D. Mielecki and J. Krajniak and M.O. Jędrysek and A. Sikora and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088918438&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2020.103558&partnerID=40&md5=442f5f2d3c0f2c443cd6208b7f56e7e9},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2020.103558},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {229},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The present research compares the yield of microbial methane production from different lithotypes of Miocene lignite from the Konin Basin in Poland and attempts to establish an understanding of the processes responsible for methanogenesis. A series of batch experiments were carried out with detritic and xylitic lignites inoculated with microorganisms from an external source (the anaerobic chamber of a wastewater treatment plant in a sugar factory). Biogas volume, concentration and stable carbon isotopes of microbial methane were measured. It was found that detritic lignites are a slightly more suitable raw material for microbial methane production than xylites. Methane yield for detritic lignites equalled 14.3 μmol CH4/g of total organic carbon (TOC); for xylites, 13.7 μmol CH4/g of TOC. The mean δ13C(CH4) value in experiments with detritic coal from Konin equalled −36.3‰; for fossil wood fragments, −47.3‰ and −42.7‰. We suppose that differences in mean δ13C(CH4) values from the biodegradation of different lithotypes of lignite from the Konin Basin most probably depend on cellulose and lignin content (%). The holocellulose content in xylites decreased over time, suggesting the important role of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose. Methane from detritic lignite was formed due to lignin decomposition. Methane-producing microbial communities were dominated by Bacteria mainly from the phyla Proteobacteria (Alpha-; Beta- and Gamma- or Deltaproteobacteria), Firmicutes (Clostridia and Bacilli), Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Archaea constituted only 2–6% of the microbial community, including Methanosarcinales, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanobacteriales. The data presented here show no clear correlations between lignite type and specific bacterial or archaeal taxa. However, certain tendencies were observed. Exiguobacterium and Pseudomonas are more abundant in xylites, Rhizobacteriaceae in detritic lignites. This indicates the complexity and diversity of lignite material and processes leading to lignite degradation. In the presented research model, anaerobic oxidation of methane may occur. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85085246367,

title = {Variations in δ13C values of levoglucosan from low-temperature burning of lignite and biomass},

author = { M. Rybicki and L. Marynowski and A. Bechtel and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085246367&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2020.138991&partnerID=40&md5=5bf73659efcd973eedd0974c9ab2c86c},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138991},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {733},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Levoglucosan, an anhydrosaccharide, is commonly used as an organic tracer for biomass burning, but has also been identified from coal smoke particulate matter (PM) including lignites. Here we showed that stable carbon isotope analysis specifically of levoglucosan may be one possible way to determine the relative contributions from coal combustion versus biomass burning sources. PM samples were collected from low-temperature burning/smoldering of Miocene lignites from Poland and basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) representative of biomass. The calculated levoglucosan δ13C values of xylites varied from −23.6 to −21.6‰, while for detritic coal samples they ranged from −24.2 to −23.1‰, with means of −22.7 and −23.7‰, respectively. The calculated levoglucosan δ13C value of basket willow wood was −27.1‰. Values of willow wood mixtures with xylite varied from −25.8 to −23.4‰ (with an increasing proportion of xylite), while values of mixtures of willow and detritic coal ranged from −26.9 to −24.6‰ (with an increasing proportion of detritic coal). The δ13C values for the mixtures changed proportionally to the contents of individual components with R2 = 0.88 and 0.89 for willow with xylite and detritic coal, respectively. The hopanoid distributions characteristic for low-temperature lignite/peat burning, with a predominance of 22R-α,β-homohopane, ββ-hopanes and hopenes, as well as low or very low values of the homohopane index, were observed in smoke PM from most lignite samples and absent in the basket willow sample. Thus, the relatively high content of hopanes (with the occurrence of 22R-α;β-homohopane; ββ-hopanes and hopenes) in atmospheric PM samples can be treated as additional tracers of lignite combustion. © 2020 The Authors},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85082826611,

title = {Large environmental disturbances caused by magmatic activity during the Late Devonian Hangenberg Crisis},

author = { A. Pisarzowska and M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and M. Szczerba and M. Thoby and M. Paszkowski and M.C. Perri and C. Spalletta and H.P. Schönlaub and N. Kowalik and M. Gereke},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082826611&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2020.103155&partnerID=40&md5=16045a0f1d351937bbe7baaf939d9659},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103155},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {190},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {A wide range of various proxies (e.g.; mineralogy; organic carbon; inorganic geochemistry; C and Mo isotopes; and framboidal pyrite) were applied for interpretation of changing oceanic redox conditions, bioproductivity, and the regional history of magmatic activity. This resulted in internally consistent interpretation of the late Famennian Hangenberg Crisis in subtropical deepest water sites of the epeiric Rhenohercynian and Saxo–Thuringian basins, as well as more open sites of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. High mercury concentrations were detected in all of the studied sections, with the highest values strata in the Carnic Alps (up to 20 ppm) and Thuringia (up to 1.5 ppm). The beginning of the Hg anomaly and the presence of pyroclastic material, indicate that local magmatic activity was initiated before the deposition of the Hangenberg Black Shale (HBS). The onset of the HBS deposition coincided with the expansion of phosphate-enriched, anoxic to euxinic waters during short-lived CO2-greenhouse spike of a warm–humid climate. Intensive magmatic activity was a trigger for climatic changes, an excessive eutrophication, and an accelerated burial of organic carbon during the Hangenberg transgressive pulse. The injection of catastrophic amounts of CO2, toxic elements and acids from volcanic activity could have led to acidification, mutation of spores, and episodes of mass mortality of marine plankton. © 2020 The Authors},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85079238246,

title = {Composition of organic compounds from low-temperature burning of lignite and their application as tracers in ambient air},

author = { M. Rybicki and L. Marynowski and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079238246&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemosphere.2020.126087&partnerID=40&md5=55288df11ac7f26390e9127aa99067b1},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126087},

issn = {00456535},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Chemosphere},

volume = {249},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Levoglucosan, a product from thermal decomposition of cellulose, is widely known as an organic tracer of biomass burning, but has also been reported from coal smoke particulate matter (PM) including lignites. This study provides direct evidence that levoglucosan is generated not only during low-temperature burning/smoldering of xylite, but also from other lignite types including detritic and detroxylitic brown coals from Poland. Moreover, only trace amounts of mannosan and galactosan have been detected in PM of lignite smoke. The hopanes in lignite smoke PM comprise the thermodynamically unstable ββ-hopanes and hopenes, with values of the homohopane index 22S/(22S + 22R) ranging from 0.02 to 0.12. This is characteristic for immature organic matter, and combined with the presence of anhydrosaccharides can be used as tracers for lignite combustion in ambient air. Furthermore, almost all Miocene lignite smoke PM samples contain α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols, and prist-1-ene. This is the first report of the occurrence of all four tocopherol isomers in the geological record (in lignite extracts) and in lignite smoke PM samples. Lower α-tocopherol is observed for the lignite burn-test samples than in the corresponding lignite extracts, probably due to partial chain degradation to prist-1-ene during combustion. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85081047423,

title = {Terpenoid biomarkers of ambers from Miocene tropical paleoenvironments in Borneo and of their potential extant plant sources},

author = { B.R.T. Simoneit and D.R. Oros and Ł. Karwowski and Ł. Szendera and J. Smolarek-Lach and M. Goryl and M. Bucha and M. Rybicki and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081047423&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2020.103430&partnerID=40&md5=bbc4d9da365e778a7079a51113ac8268},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2020.103430},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {221},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The chemical composition of ambers is highly diverse, characterized by the occurrence of a variety of terpenoids including: mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenoids. The direct analyses of their chemical constituents in total extracts using polar solvents permits the elucidation of unaltered natural products, which are characteristic of the source plants or paleobiome. At this time, knowledge is limited about the plant origins of fossil resins that formed in tropical climatic conditions. Here, we present the complex chemical characteristics of Miocene fossil resins (resinites; termed here as ambers) from the tropics of Kalimantan (Borneo; Indonesia). Extant plant resins from the same geoclimatic region were also analyzed to identify the potential botanical sources of the ambers. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses of total extracts (silylated and methylated) of natural and amber samples were carried out and compared with standard compounds. The main producers of resins forming these Miocene ambers were angiosperms - probably resins of Shorea and less likely Hopea, but not Dipterocarpus species. The key chemotaxonomic marker, present in the ambers and extant Shorea species, was asiatic acid. All samples were composed of sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids in various proportions, without diterpenoids, characteristic for flowering plants. The sesquiterpenoids in the resins of both ambers and extant plants were primarily natural products with the cadinane skeleton. The triterpenoids of the extant resins of the Dipterocarpaceae and Miocene ambers were characterized by a prevalence of ursane over oleanane types. Polymerization of cadinoids in resins from Shorea species and in the ambers was not extensive. Based on the amber compositions we conclude that the molecular alteration of the Miocene deposits from Kalimantan is rather low, but differs depending on their location. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85076608823,

title = {Origin and significance of saccharides during initial pedogenesis in a temperate climate region},

author = { L. Marynowski and O. Rahmonov and J. Smolarek-Lach and M. Rybicki and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076608823&doi=10.1016%2fj.geoderma.2019.114064&partnerID=40&md5=54ee9e53760ab5f89e7e8e87428a1e3f},

doi = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114064},

issn = {00167061},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Geoderma},

volume = {361},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Saccharides are common constituents of soils, but their role and origin in the initial phases of pedogenesis remain unclear. Here we show the detailed composition of neutral sugars extracted from arenosols at different development stages, combined with additional lipids of diverse origins using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). During the first stage (I) of development sucrose is the most abundant saccharide in the soil crust at up to 45,000 µg/g TOC. Sucrose is also the predominant compound in the second and third development stages, but its concentration decreased to the range of 1600 to 16,000 µg/g TOC. Stages II and III of soil development were characterized by a gradual increase in arabitol, mannitol and trehalose, compounds typical for fungi and lichen. Their abundances increased from several percent (compared to the major sucrose) to 10–32% for mannitol and 34–54% for trehalose. Moreover, in stage III there was a considerable increase in the contents of the saccharides: pinitol, myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, arabinose, together with non-sugar compounds: dehydroabietic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid and sitosterol. All these latter compounds are higher plant markers, mainly derived from conifer detritus. The relationships between the ratios of trehalose/sucrose vs. (mannitol + arabitol)/sucrose and TOC vs. (mannitol + arabitol)/sucrose differentiated precisely the top soil layer of arenosols which are covered by different stages of biological soil crust. Our study shows that free sugars, supplemented by lipid biomarkers and total organic carbon contents, are good indicators of soil in the initial phase of pedogenesis. © 2019 The Authors},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85078696282,

title = {Pedogenic siderites fossilizing Ediacaran soil microorganisms on the Baltica paleocontinent},

author = { M.J. Bojanowski and M. Goryl and B. Kremer and B. Marciniak-Maliszewska and L. Marynowski and J. Środoń},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078696282&doi=10.1130%2fG46746.1&partnerID=40&md5=7f7e0de59a59d69f925bfed32240e2bd},

doi = {10.1130/G46746.1},

issn = {00917613},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Geology},

volume = {48},

number = {1},

pages = {62-66},

publisher = {Geological Society of America},

abstract = {Ediacaran siderite-bearing sedimentary rocks from the western part of the East European craton exhibit features typical of redoximorphic paleosols, including pedogenic siderite (e.g.; sphaerosiderite) with uniform and negative δ18O and highly variable δ13C values. The siderite precipitated in water-logged soils in a hot and humid climate, and represents a rare example of pedogenic siderite formed before the rise of vascular plants. Morphology of soil microorganisms was preserved in three dimensions due to the early siderite precipitation. These are mainly filamentous and tube-like threads, which might belong to cyanobacteria or fungi, and spherical structures resembling green algae. This microbial life fostered development of strongly reducing soils in tropical wetlands on the Baltica paleocontinent. The Ediacaran sediments of the western East European craton, traditionally regarded as marine, are reinterpreted as containing sections affected by freshwater conditions, documenting the presence of microbial life on the Ediacaran land. © 2019 Geological Society of America.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85074671098,

title = {Phosphorus-cycle disturbances during the Late Devonian anoxic events},

author = { L.M.E. Percival and D.P.G. Bond and M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and A.V.S. Hood and T. Adatte and J.E. Spangenberg and K.B. Föllmi},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074671098&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2019.103070&partnerID=40&md5=28531517fe57caa057514232064a86e5},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103070},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {184},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The Late Devonian was marked by repeated faunal crises and episodes of geographically widespread marine anoxia, and featured one of the ‘Big Five’ mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic Aeon during the Frasnian–Famennian transition. However, the processes responsible for causing the numerous anoxic events remain unclear. This study highlights the occurrence of disturbances to the phosphorus cycle during several Late Devonian crises by investigating sedimentary concentrations of the element (Ptot) as a tracer of nutrient influx, as well as its ratio with total organic carbon (TOC) to infer the recycling of the element from marine sediments. Increased TOC/Ptot ratios in the Frasnian–Famennian Lower and Upper Kellwasser horizons and upper Famennian Annulata and Hangenberg levels suggest that such nutrient recycling occurred across extensive areas of the marine shelf in Laurentia and both Rheic Ocean margins at those times, helping to sustain reducing conditions in those environments. Elevated Ptot values in the Upper Kellwasser, Annulata, and Hangenberg levels are consistent with an enhanced nutrient influx as the initial trigger for the anoxia. Correlation of phosphorus trends with other geochemical indicators of weathering/detrital influx (osmium-isotope; silicon/aluminum; and titanium/aluminium ratios) support a scenario in which terrestrial runoff provided these nutrients both to marine shelves and the oceanic inventory. Upwelling of oceanic deep-water bodies may have then brought the phosphorus to areas that had not featured major direct inputs of terrigenous material. The exception is the Lower Kellwasser Event, during which there was no increase in phosphorus delivery to marine areas and no evidence for terrestrial influx at the studied sections, invoking a different mechanism for the development of water-column anoxia. Clearly, the Late Devonian marine realm was unusually susceptible to becoming anoxic through various possible triggers, including nutrient influx from land and/or deep-water upwelling, and the recycling of phosphorus from newly deposited sediments. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85075114765,

title = {Coincidence of photic zone euxinia and impoverishment of arthropods in the aftermath of the Frasnian-Famennian biotic crisis},

author = { K. Broda and L. Marynowski and M. Rakociński and M. Zatoń},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075114765&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-019-52784-4&partnerID=40&md5=1aa3672ae265c958e270da6309581307},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-52784-4},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {9},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},

abstract = {The lowermost Famennian deposits of the Kowala quarry (Holy Cross Mountains; Poland) are becoming famous for their rich fossil content such as their abundant phosphatized arthropod remains (mostly thylacocephalans). Here, for the first time, palaeontological and geochemical data were integrated to document abundance and diversity patterns in the context of palaeoenvironmental changes. During deposition, the generally oxic to suboxic conditions were interrupted at least twice by the onset of photic zone euxinia (PZE). Previously, PZE was considered as essential in preserving phosphatised fossils from, e.g., the famous Gogo Formation, Australia. Here, we show, however, that during PZE, the abundance of arthropods drastically dropped. The phosphorous content during PZE was also very low in comparison to that from oxic-suboxic intervals where arthropods are the most abundant. As phosphorous is essential for phosphatisation but also tends to flux off the sediment during bottom water anoxia, we propose that the PZE in such a case does not promote the fossilisation of the arthropods but instead leads to their impoverishment and non-preservation. Thus, the PZE conditions with anoxic bottom waters cannot be presumed as universal for exceptional fossil preservation by phosphatisation, and caution must be paid when interpreting the fossil abundance on the background of redox conditions. © 2019, The Author(s).},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85062285436,

title = {Mercury Spikes Indicate a Volcanic Trigger for the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction Event: An Example from a Deep Shelf of the Peri-Baltic Region},

author = { J. Smolarek-Lach and L. Marynowski and W. Trela and P.B. Wignall},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062285436&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-019-39333-9&partnerID=40&md5=2241b962ef650d98c001033a4f67c00c},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-39333-9},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {9},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},

abstract = {The Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME) was the second largest Phanerozoic crisis, but its cause remains elusive. Several triggering mechanisms have been proposed over the years, including bioevolutionary events, oceanographic changes, and geotectonic processes. Here, we report the presence of Hg spikes in the Zbrza PIG-1 borehole from the Upper Ordovician deep shelf sections of the peri-Baltic region. A strong positive anomaly in the lower late Katian (Hg/TOC = 2537.3 ppb/wt%) was noted. No correlation between Hg and TOC (R 2 = 0.07) was distinguished in the Hirnantian, although several positive anomalies were found. Because the Hg/Mo ratio showed trends very similar to those of Hg/TOC, it seems likely that TOC values reflect the redox conditions. In order to evaluate the role of anoxia in levels of Hg enrichment several redox indicators were measured. These showed that the elevated mercury values in the Hirnantian are not caused by anoxia/euxinia because euxinic biomarkers (maleimides and aryl isoprenoids) are present in very low abundance and pyrite framboids are absent. In total, positive Hg/TOC anomalies occur in the lower late Katian, at the Katian - Hirnantian boundary, and in the late Hirnantian. The lack of a strong Hg/TOC correlation, Ni enrichments, and the absence of ‘anoxic indicators’ (no biomarkers; no framboids; low Mo concentration) at these levels, supports the interpretation that Hg enrichment is due to enhanced environmental loading. We conclude that our Hg and Hg/TOC values were associated with volcanic pulses which triggered the massive environmental changes resulting in the Late Ordovician mass extinction. © 2019, The Author(s).},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85067204658,

title = {Utility of Raman spectroscopy in estimates of the thermal maturity of Ediacaran organic matter: An example from the East European Craton},

author = { M. Goryl and K. Banasik and J. Smolarek-Lach and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067204658&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemer.2019.06.001&partnerID=40&md5=15dcf047c30e0ab654519c798e74fe49},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemer.2019.06.001},

issn = {00092819},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Chemie der Erde},

volume = {79},

number = {3},

pages = {467-474},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {Raman spectroscopy was used as a supplementary method to characterise the thermal maturity of Ediacaran organic matter (OM) from the East European Craton. Because this method is based on organic particles measurement, it appears to be a good supplementary method in addition to the acquisition of biomarker data, which is based on extractable organic matter and may be affected by potential contamination. Raman spectroscopy seems to be particularly useful for lower Palaeozoic rocks, which do not contain vitrinite. Here, we compared C31 22S/(S + R) homohopane ratio results (obtained using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry), with various Raman parameters including: G_STA, Gmax position, Dmax/Gmax, FWHMG, RAR, D_STA, and PDmax. Close correlations were observed between C31 22S/(S + R) and G_STA, Gmax position, Dmax/Gmax, and FWHMG, reaching values of R2 = 0.5‒0.6, whereas no correlation existed between homohopane ratio and the RAR, D_STA, and PDmax parameters. Raman spectroscopy results divided Ediacaran samples into two distinctive groups: (i) immature (Russian; Lithuanian; and Belarusian), characterised by relatively higher values of G_STA, Dmax/Gmax, and FWHMG and relatively lower values of PGmax, and (ii) mature (Polish and Ukrainian), with relatively lower values of G_STA, Dmax/Gmax, and FWHMG and relatively higher values of PGmax. Within each group no statistically confirmed differences were found. However, significant discrepancies were observed between the hopane ratio and Raman parameters in Lithuanian samples, in relation to other samples from the group (i). Values of the C31 22S/(S + R) ratio for Lithuanian samples are close to those for the group (ii) and significantly higher than those for the group (i). However, all Raman parameters are the same as those of the rest samples from the group (i), indicating the immature character of OM from Lithuanian rocks. We interpret this discrepancy as representing contamination of the cores with drilling fluids, resulting in increased values for the C31 22S/(S + R) ratio. In this case, Raman spectroscopy is a useful tool for detecting extract contamination and appears to be an effective and decisive method in the case of rocks suspected of contamination. © 2019 Elsevier GmbH},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85063875524,

title = {Pulses of enhanced continental weathering associated with multiple Late Devonian climate perturbations: Evidence from osmium-isotope compositions},

author = { L.M.E. Percival and D. Selby and D.P.G. Bond and M. Rakociński and G. Racki and L. Marynowski and T. Adatte and J.E. Spangenberg and K.B. Föllmi},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063875524&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2019.03.036&partnerID=40&md5=b30b10e38927b3cfb643975c5d591b41},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.036},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {524},

pages = {240-249},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Anomalously high rates of continental weathering have frequently been proposed as a key stimulus for the development of widespread marine anoxia during a number of Late Devonian environmental and biospheric crises, which included a major mass extinction during the Frasnian–Famennian transition (marked by the Upper and Lower Kellwasser horizons). Here, this model is investigated by presenting the first stratigraphic record of osmium-isotope trends ( 187 Os/ 188 Os) in upper Devonian strata from the Kowala Quarry (Holy Cross Mountains; Poland). Changes in reconstructed 187 Os/ 188 Os seawater values to more radiogenic compositions are documented at the base of both the Lower (~0.42 to ~0.83) and Upper (~0.31 to ~0.81) Kellwasser horizons characteristic of the Frasnian–Famennian transition, and additionally within upper Famennian shales that record a more minor environmental perturbation known as the Annulata Event (~0.20 to ~0.53). These shifts indicate the occurrence of extremely enhanced continental weathering rates at the onsets of the Kellwasser crises and during the later Annulata Event. The similarity of 187 Os/ 188 Os values in this study from Frasnian–Famennian boundary and lower Famennian strata (between 0.4 and 0.5) to those from North American stratigraphic equivalents suggests that the 187 Os/ 188 Os values record global trends. These findings support a causal relationship between increased continental weathering (and thus; nutrient supply to the marine shelf) and the environmental perturbations that occurred during numerous Late Devonian events, including both of the biospherically catastrophic Kellwasser crises as well as other, less severe, oceanic anoxic events. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {28},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85062354759,

title = {Hydrothermal alteration of the Ediacaran Volyn-Brest volcanics on the western margin of the East European Craton},

author = { J. Środoń and O. Kuzmenkova and J.J. Stanek and S. Petit and D. Beaufort and H. Albert Gilg and S. Liivamägi and M. Goryl and L. Marynowski and M. Szczerba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062354759&doi=10.1016%2fj.precamres.2019.02.015&partnerID=40&md5=368e7d8698e85b7bdf564005ac06b14f},

doi = {10.1016/j.precamres.2019.02.015},

issn = {03019268},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Precambrian Research},

volume = {325},

pages = {217-235},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The Ediacaran continental flood basalts and associated tuffs were studied to identify and quantify alteration processes by means of XRD and chemistry, supplemented by Mössbauer and FTIR spectroscopies, petrography, oxygen and iron isotopes, K-Ar dating, and organic geochemistry. Two superimposed alteration processes were identified: the Ediacaran hydrothermal alteration, induced by meteoric waters, heated and put in motion by the cooling basalt, and the Caledonian and/or Variscan potassic alteration. The degree of basalt alteration was quantified using as an index the sum of primary minerals in the bulk rock. The sequence of minerals dissolved and crystallized during the hydrothermal alteration was established. The alteration resulted in the loss of Ca (dissolution of plagioclases), compensated by the gain of water and Mg (crystallization of clays), and proceeded from the edges of the basalt flows in an oxidizing environment, evidenced by the increasing amount of hematite and Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ ratio of the bulk rock. Cyanobacteria were active in the hydrothermal system, most probably responsible for the measured negative δ 56 Fe values and more reducing conditions at the stage of intense alteration. Chlorophaeite (palagonite), following quartz as the earliest petrographically identifiable basalt alteration product was found to vary systematically from fully isotropic to birefringent. The chlorophaeite was identified as a mixture of Fe-montmorillonite and Fe-saponite, identical with griffithite and oxysmectites, probably preceded by a finer-grained ferrosaponite at the isotropic stage. REE content of chlorophaeite indicates basaltic volcanic glass (sideromelane) as the major source of material. REE in clays are contained mostly in the dioctahedral smectite, while in the bulk rock mostly in phosphates. The smectite characteristics and Mg enrichment are indicative of the hydrothermal basalt alteration process, which perhaps was dominant also on Mars. Both mineral and chemical composition of tuffs vary continuously from basaltic to felsic, the latter close to the measured rhyodacite composition, dominated by quartz and feldspars. The basaltic tuffs resemble the most altered basalts but contain also abundant albite and chlorite, indicative of higher alteration temperatures, up to 220 °C. Tuff composition indicates stronger component of felsic volcanism in the trap formation than evidenced by the preserved bodies of effusive rocks. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85056247034,

title = {Reply to comment on the paper of Rakociński et al. “Redox conditions, productivity, and volcanic input during deposition of uppermost Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous organic-rich siltstones in Spitsbergen, Norway” [Cretaceous Research, 89 (2018): 126–147]},

author = { M. Rakociński and M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski and P. Gedl and J. Lehmann},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056247034&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2018.10.014&partnerID=40&md5=f2ca2c2b68f99e067015f1cfa5d64f9e},

doi = {10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.014},

issn = {01956671},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Cretaceous Research},

volume = {96},

pages = {244-},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85057341552,

title = {Trehalose, mannitol and arabitol as indicators of fungal metabolism in Late Cretaceous and Miocene deposits},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Goryl and M. Bucha and J. Smolarek-Lach and A. Detman and A. Sikora and A. Chojnacka and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057341552&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2018.11.003&partnerID=40&md5=9b63c4825a8532e9e734e81fc419aff9},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2018.11.003},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {201},

pages = {51-61},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Trehalose, mannitol and arabitol are the main saccharides of extant fungal metabolism, but their occurrence and distribution in geological materials have rarely been considered. Here, we identify these sugars in Miocene lignites and for the first time in Late Cretaceous mudstones and coals. The co-occurrence of trehalose, mannitol and arabitol in the sedimentary rocks investigated suggests their fungal origin, because these three saccharides are major compounds present in most modern fungi, including the very common mycorrhizal and wood-rotting groups. Therefore, we conclude that these sugars should be treated as new fungal biomarkers (biomolecules) present in geological rocks. Trehalose and mannitol are major compounds in total extracts of the samples and a sum of their concentration reaches 4.6 μg/g of sample. The arabitol concentrations do not exceed 0.5 μg/g, but in contrast to trehalose, the concentration correlates well with mannitol (R2 = 0.94), suggesting that they have the same, translocatory role in fungi. Based on the trehalose vs. mannitol and arabitol distributions in Cretaceous samples and their comparison with data for modern fungi, we preliminarily conclude that the coal seams from the Rakowice Małe (SW Poland) section were formed during warmer climatic periods than the overlying sediments. Furthermore, no DNA could be isolated from the samples of lignites and overlying sediments, whereas it was abundant in the control samples of maple, birch and oak wood degraded by fungi. This indicates an absence of recent fungi responsible for decay in lignites and implies that the saccharide origin is connected with ancient fungi. Other sugar alcohols and acids like D-pinitol, quinic acid and shikimic acid, were found for the first time in sedimentary rocks, and their source is inferred to be from higher plants, most likely conifers. The preservation of mono- and disaccharides of fungal origins in pre-Palaeogene strata implies that compounds previously thought as unstable can survive for tens to hundreds of millions of years without structural changes in immature rocks unaffected by secondary processes. © 2018},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85055562699,

title = {Decomposition of carbon-bearing compounds and their influence on methane formation in a lignite incubation experiment},

author = { M. Bucha and D. Kufka and Ł. Pleśniak and J. Krajniak and K. Kubiak and L. Marynowski and M.K. Błaszczyk and M.O. Jędrysek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055562699&doi=10.1080%2f01490451.2018.1506528&partnerID=40&md5=e0bd2a2a6daae2b3596e1aedb965a22c},

doi = {10.1080/01490451.2018.1506528},

issn = {01490451},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Geomicrobiology Journal},

volume = {36},

number = {1},

pages = {63-74},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Inc.},

abstract = {Carbon-bearing compounds (glucose; sodium acetate; methanol; yeast extract; and nutrient broth) were added in different proportions to cultures to stimulate methanogenesis in a lignite incubation experiment. Their addition significantly influenced the isotopic composition of methane generated during the fermentation of lignite. Glucose was degraded mainly in the first 2 weeks of incubation, when the atmospheric air was present in the headspace and used for biomass growth. Sodium acetate, methanol, and, presumably, lignite were decomposed in the next phase, in which anaerobic conditions occurred. The simultaneous decomposition of sodium acetate and methanol (as single substrates or as a mixture) with lignite resulted in the formation of methane with δ 13 C(CH 4 ) values typical for methyl-type fermentation. The identification of decomposed compounds in the mixture of sodium acetate and methanol was accomplished via isotopic analysis of carbon and hydrogen in the methane. The δ 2 H(CH 4 ) values in the case of methanol biodegradation were characterized by a negative trend over time, in contrast to a positive trend observed when sodium acetate decomposed. This observation may help to identify a very good tracer for the determination of methane precursors during methyl-type fermentation. © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85073435040,

title = {Genesis of iron and manganese sediments in Zoloushka cave (Ukraine/Moldova) as revealed by δ13 C organic carbon},

author = { P. Kotula and V. Andreychouk and J. Pawlyta and L. Marynowski and I. Jendrzejewska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073435040&doi=10.5038%2f1827-806X.48.3.2255&partnerID=40&md5=417dda3ee37957d8ad982ae08ef06923},

doi = {10.5038/1827-806X.48.3.2255},

issn = {03926672},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Speleology},

volume = {48},

number = {3},

pages = {221-235},

publisher = {Societa Speleologica Italiana},

abstract = {Zoloushka Cave is one of the largest maze gypsum caves in the world. Mining of the gypsum bedrock and lowering of the water level due to the pumping of groundwater led to exposure of the cave passages to vadose conditions and changed the hydrochemistry of the karst water. As a result, large quantities of Fe and Mn hydroxides were deposited in the passages. It was found that at least two groups of various organisms were involved in depositing ferrous and manganese sediments. In order to establish the mechanism of deposition, we conducted chemical analyses of the sediments and isotopic analyses of organic carbon. This enabled us to formulate a hypothetical model of the biogenic deposition of Fe and Mn compounds. According to the model, autotrophic iron bacteria precipitated Fe hydroxides. Organisms of this type assimilate CO2 from cave atmospheres and, as a result of isotopic fractionation during that process, organic matter in13C is depleted by 7.3‰ relative to CO2. Heterotrophic bacteria (responsible for depositing manganese oxides) parasitise on autotrophic bacteria without changing the carbon isotope composition of organic matter. Fungal organisms living in ferrous sediments separate carbon from organic matter, resulting in enrichment with the heavier carbon isotope by 2‰. RRECT OOF. © 2019, Societa Speleologica Italiana. All rights reserved.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85064171739,

title = {Reply to Comment by M.F. Pereira, J.B. Silva and C. Gama on “Baltic provenance of top-Famennian siliciclastic material of the northern Rhenish Massif, Rhenohercynian zone of the Variscan orogen, by Koltonik et al., International Journal of Earth Sciences (2018) 107:2645–2669”},

author = { K. Kołtonik and A. Pisarzowska and M. Paszkowski and J. Sláma and R.T. Becker and M. Szczerba and W. Krawczyński and S. Hartenfels and L. Marynowski and S. Mazur and W. Franke},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064171739&doi=10.1007%2fs00531-019-01692-z&partnerID=40&md5=1c52b1d945af9f8dd2b0ab24a4a05062},

doi = {10.1007/s00531-019-01692-z},

issn = {14373254},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Earth Sciences},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85049616641,

title = {Baltic provenance of top-Famennian siliciclastic material of the northern Rhenish Massif, Rhenohercynian zone of the Variscan orogen},

author = { K. Kołtonik and A. Pisarzowska and M. Paszkowski and J. Sláma and R.T. Becker and M. Szczerba and W. Krawczyński and S. Hartenfels and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85049616641&doi=10.1007%2fs00531-018-1628-4&partnerID=40&md5=fc4e9542019e6a4ab5bd747fe22988f3},

doi = {10.1007/s00531-018-1628-4},

issn = {14373254},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Earth Sciences},

volume = {107},

number = {8},

pages = {2645-2669},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {The provenance of top-Famennian sedimentary rocks linked to the Hangenberg Crisis from the northern Rhenish Massif (Germany) was investigated by the means of detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology. Based on the obtained age spectra, three main tectonothermal domains are recognized as possible sources: Paleo- and Mesoproterozoic (~ 2000–1000 Ma) units of Baltica and Early Paleozoic Caledonian orogen (~ 500–400 Ma). Our interpretation of the detritus having been derived from northern source areas, i.e., Baltica and the Scandinavian Caledonides, with a minor input of German-Polish (Rügen-Pomeranian) Caledonides, contradicts the traditional view that, during the Upper Devonian, the northern Rhenish Massif was supplied by detritus from the south. Complementary mineralogical, textural and geochemical analyses point to a derivation of the detritus of Drewer and Hangenberg Sandstones mainly from felsic, recycled continental crust. The elevated concentrations of Pb and Zn in the studied sections are a feature attributed to hydrothermal alteration related to the terminal Devonian synsedimentary volcanism or post-depositional Variscan deformation. © 2018, The Author(s).},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85051246364,

title = {Exceptional preservation of hopanoid and steroid biomarkers in Ediacaran sedimentary rocks of the East European Craton},

author = { M. Goryl and L. Marynowski and J.J. Brocks and I. Bobrovskiy and A. Derkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051246364&doi=10.1016%2fj.precamres.2018.07.026&partnerID=40&md5=855b36c23eb3545f9ec73af5eda75688},

doi = {10.1016/j.precamres.2018.07.026},

issn = {03019268},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Precambrian Research},

volume = {316},

pages = {38-47},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Thermally unstable hopanes with a biological 17β,21β (H)- configuration (ββ hopanes), hopenes, hopanoic acids and hopanols were identified as important constituents of Ediacaran to Cambrian sedimentary rocks of the East European Craton. Relatively high abundances of ββ hopanes in relation to αβ hopanes were identified in the Petersburg area and eastern Belarus, while in Volyn samples these compounds were found in traces. In addition, polar hopanoids including hopanols and hopanoic acids were found in most of the Petersburg and some Belarus and Volyn sedimentary rocks. The estimated equivalent of vitrinite reflectance for samples of lower maturity, measured based on C31ββ/(αβS + αβR + ββ) ratio is in the range 0.28–0.49% Rr, while for those of higher thermal maturity this parameter corresponds to 0.41–0.57% Rr. The values of the C31 22S/(S + R) ratio are in agreement with above data and are in the range of 0.1–0.3 for the Belarus and Petersburg samples, of 0.3–0.4 for Volyn, and of 0.4–0.5 for Lithuania, where ββ hopanes and hopanols were not detected or are present as traces. Moreover, there is good correlation (R2 = 0.8) between C31ββ/(αβS + αβR + ββ) and C31ENE/(H + ENE) ratio values (defined as ratio of C31 hopenes to αβ hopanes), which proves that less-stable ββ hopanes and hopenes are enriched in the same immature sedimentary rocks. The remarkable occurrence of a significant portion of sedimentary hopanes retaining the biological stereochemical configuration confirms that exceptionally immature Precambrian rocks can be found in some instances when these strata have undergone only a mild burial temperature history. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85053466208,

title = {Redox conditions, productivity, and volcanic input during deposition of uppermost Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous organic-rich siltstones in Spitsbergen, Norway},

author = { M. Rakociński and M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski and P. Gedl and J. Lehmann},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053466208&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2018.02.014&partnerID=40&md5=da5a1175d604706aba1a5b6dbe87b497},

doi = {10.1016/j.cretres.2018.02.014},

issn = {01956671},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Cretaceous Research},

volume = {89},

pages = {126-147},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {In this paper, uppermost Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous black organic-rich siltstones (Rurikfjellet Formation) from Carolinedalen (Isfjorden; Spitsbergen) are studied using integrated palynological, petrographic, and geochemical methods (organic and inorganic geochemistry as well as Rock-Eval pyrolysis) in order to decipher the depositional conditions prevailing during their sedimentation, the type of organic matter from which they were formed, and their potential for generating hydrocarbons. The age of these investigated sediments encompasses an interval from the upper Tithonian-Berriasian to the Hauterivian, dated on the basis of dinocyst biostratigraphy. The ammonoids found in loose form at the base of the investigated section, such as Laugeites groenlandicus, are indicative of the upper part of the middle Tithonian. Based on palynology, biomarkers, and Rock-Eval data, the kerogen in the investigated siltstones from Isfjorden is of the mixed II/III type; the organic matter is mixed marine and terrestrial in origin, and represents the early to peak ‘oil window’ maturation stage (Tmax around 440 °C). These siltstones were deposited under a high-productivity regime with oxic/dysoxic bottom water conditions, as evidenced from the size distribution of pyrite framboids, in which pyrites with diameters >5 μm predominate. Values of Th/U and Corg/P ratios generally above 3 and 30, respectively, along with pristane/phytane ratios >2 and sterane/hopane ratios <0.3, also indicate oxic to suboxic sedimentary conditions in the water column. Anoxia, if present, must have been short-lasting and formed oxygen minimum zone in the water column. Elevated productivity in the photic zone may have been generated by an increase in volcanic activity, as confirmed by higher Hg contents and/or terrigenous nutrient supply. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {24},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85049562767,

title = {Binding of heavy metals by oxidised kerogen in (palaeo)weathered black shales},

author = { A. Derkowski and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85049562767&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemgeo.2018.06.025&partnerID=40&md5=cd8319b820d53e736f6ddfeb056fa649},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.06.025},

issn = {00092541},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {493},

pages = {441-450},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Sub-aerial weathering of black shales drives the gradual leaching of sulphur- and organic-bound heavy metal elements, which are usually abundant in these rocks due to depositional conditions. The formation of oxygen functional groups in kerogen, however, can lead to an opposing mechanism - metal adsorption and binding, similar to a process common in soils. An increase in cation exchange capacity (CEC) measured previously using metal complexes on black shales oxidised under laboratory conditions implies that the same phenomenon may occur in a naturally oxidised black shale. This idea was tested on a unique, well-developed and -preserved Permian palaeoweathering profile containing two neighbouring but diverse black shales from the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary in the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland). In the studied black shale beds, the oxygen groups formed in kerogen in the partially-weathered zone were found to be responsible for significant changes in adsorption properties measured using hexamminecobalt(III) and Cu(II)‑triethylenetetramine cations, which are common probes for CEC. Compared to a pristine part of black shales, the partially weathered zone was depleted of total organic carbon (TOC), sulphur, and sulphur- and organic-bound metals, and highly enriched in Cu, which is generally present in low levels in the nascent shales. In the partially weathered zone, where TOC content is reduced, apparent CEC values surpass the CECs predicted from the contents and structures of clay minerals, and correlate linearly with the content of oxygen groups developed during weathering. The adsorption properties of carboxyl groups in the oxidised kerogen are suggested as being responsible for the syn- or post-weathering enrichment in Cu caused by the remobilisation of older Cu-sulphide ores present in the area. As opposed to natural weathering, aggressive oxidation, e.g. under laboratory conditions produces a high proportion of cross-linked oxygen groups that do not participate in metal cation adsorption. The CEC values of artificially oxidised samples reached a limit corresponding to those of naturally oxidised shales. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85051625696,

title = {Application of organic environmental markers in the assessment of recent and fossil organic matter input in coal wastes and river sediments: A case study from the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (Poland)},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and L. Marynowski and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051625696&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2018.07.012&partnerID=40&md5=9d11f7bdcd8d443e2f69d4c29a115f31},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2018.07.012},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {196},

pages = {302-316},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Various types of coal waste material (fresh; self-heated; soil-covered) and river sediments polluted by coal dust were studied. Characteristic geochemical features of recent vegetation input in river sediments were identified, e.g. the dominance of n-alkanols and n-alkanoic acids over n-alkanes. In the river sediments, several coal-related compounds were also found, e.g. n-alkylbenzenes, acetophenone and methylated phenols. The occurrence of sterols, stanols, vanillin, and methylbenzoic, benzeneacetic, oxalic, succinic and levulinic acids in coal waste samples (with the exception of fresh coal wastes) may indicate primitive soil-forming processes related to vegetation and moss cover. These compounds were also commonly identified in river sediments. Their distribution, characteristic of extant (as opposed to fossil) organic matter, was confirmed by several applied geochemical ratios, such as the EOP index (even-over-odd predominance) of fatty acids, (Σn-alkanoic acid + Σlong chain n-alkanes)/Σshort chain n-alkanes or (Σn-alkanoic acids + Σn-alkanols)/Σn-alkanes and various CPI (carbon preference indexes of n-alkanes). © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85051110881,

title = {Paleoenvironmental conditions, source and maturation of Neogene organic matter from the siliciclastic deposits of the Orava-Nowy Targ Basin},

author = { E. Jaroszewicz and M.J. Bojanowski and L. Marynowski and M. Łoziński and A. Wysocka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051110881&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2018.07.016&partnerID=40&md5=ec532415a464c92f1bce4789f7a5adf6},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2018.07.016},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {196},

pages = {288-301},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The Orava-Nowy Targ Basin (ONTB) is an intramontane depression filled with Neogene and Quaternary deposits located at the junction of the Inner and Outer Carpathians. The Neogene infill of the basin consists mainly of siliciclastic rocks with very common lignite intercalations and is mostly of fluvial or lake origin. The organic matter molecular analysis of seventeen Neogene samples confirmed the terrigenous origin of organic matter with a predominance of higher plant input in most samples, based on the distribution of n-alkanes and steranes, as well as the presence of tri- and tetracyclic diterpenoids, and triterpenoids representing oleanane, ursane, lupane, chrysene and picene derivatives. High concentrations of compounds originating from both angiosperms and gymnosperms suggest the presence of mixed forests. Additionally, important input of mosses into the primary organic matter is indicated by the high concentration of n-C23 and presence of hop-17(21)-enes in most samples. A high Average Aromatic Ring and Conifer Wood Degradation Index >0.7 indicate high activity of bacteria and wood-degrading fungi in the sedimentary environment. There was no evidence of weathering and scarce signs of biodegradation were identified. All samples were subjected to water washing. Huminite reflectance and biomarker-based parameters, as well as the presence of unsaturated pentacyclic triterpenoids and steroids indicate an immature organic matter. A trend of decreasing maturation of sediments from east to the west was observed, as was a similarity of thermal maturity between the Podhale Synclinorium and the ONTB, although the latter seems to be coincidental. A thermal gradient value of 35 °C/km was assumed for calculating the maximum thickness of eroded strata, resulting in 1–1.6 km for the SE area and a maximum temperature of the deepest buried samples equal to 45–65 °C. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85051109042,

title = {Lignite biodegradation under conditions of acidic molasses fermentation},

author = { A. Detman and M. Bucha and B.R.T. Simoneit and D. Mielecki and C. Piwowarczyk and A. Chojnacka and M.K. Błaszczyk and M.O. Jędrysek and L. Marynowski and A. Sikora},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051109042&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2018.07.015&partnerID=40&md5=1f8699de70dced6cab2f6d1692fad27e},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2018.07.015},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {196},

pages = {274-287},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Lignite is difficult to degrade, thus stimulation of the autochthonous lignite microflora and introduction of additional microorganisms are required for lignite decomposition. Here, a packed bed reactor, filled with lignite samples from the Konin region (central Poland) was supplied continuously with M9 medium, supplemented with molasses (a by-product from the sugar industry), for 124 days to stimulate the autochthonous lignite microflora. Acidic fermentation of molasses was observed in the bioreactor. The simultaneous decomposition of lignite occurred under this acidic molasses fermentation condition. Our results show decay of free (non-bound) organic compounds during anaerobic lignite biodegradation. The concentrations of n-alkanes, n-alkanols, n-alkanoic acids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids and steroids present in non-biodegraded samples decreased significantly (some compounds to zero) during biodegradation. Interestingly, other compound classes like phenols, ketones and certain organic compounds increased. We interpret this phenomenon as a gradual decomposition of polymers, lignin and cellulose, present in the lignite. These changes resulted from microbial activity since they were not observed in pure solutions of short-chain fatty acids. The 16SrRNA profiling of the microbial community selected in the bioreactor revealed that the dominant bacteria belonged to the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, furthermore representatives of 16 other phyla were also found. All the known taxa of lignocellulolytic bacteria were represented in the microbial community. Synergistic relations between bacteria fermenting molasses and bacteria degrading lignite are assumed. The results confirm lignin degradation in acidic medium by bacteria under anaerobic conditions. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85042229293,

title = {Distribution of coal and coal combustion related organic pollutants in the environment of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and M.J. Fabiańska and L. Marynowski and B. Kozielska and J. Konieczyński and D. Smołka-Danielowska and S.R. Ćmiel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042229293&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2018.02.092&partnerID=40&md5=3b5271907fc1892434654c77fe63435b},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.092},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {628-629},

pages = {1462-1488},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {In this study, a large sample set (276) was separated into up to 15 groups, including coal, fly ash, total particulate matter, coal wastes, river sediments, and different water types. Grouping the sample set into these categories helped to identify the typical features of combustion or water-washing and compare them using newly developed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diagnostic ratios. A wide range of organic pollutants were identified in samples, including aromatic and polycyclic hydrocarbons, nitrogen-heterocycles, sulphur-heterocycles + trithiolane, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons substituted with oxygen functional groups. The distribution of compounds was significantly influenced by water washing or combustion. During the self-heating of coal wastes, secondary compounds such as chlorinated aromatics (chlorobenzene; chloroanthracene; etc.) or light sulphur compounds (e.g. benzenethiol and benzo[b]thiophene) were formed (synthesised). Since these compounds are generally absent in sedimentary organic matter, their origin may be connected with high-temperature formation in burning coal dumps. These compounds should be identified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment. The newly defined diagnostic ratios have worked well in separating samples (petrogenic and pyrogenic) and have pointed out the effect of incomplete combustion on self-heated coal waste, ash from domestic furnaces, or water washing and biodegradation of the studied compounds. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {36},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85059076839,

title = {Anomalous upper devonian mercury enrichments: Comparison of inductively coupled plasma – Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) analytical data},

author = { G. Racki and L. Marynowski and M. Rakociński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059076839&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1419&partnerID=40&md5=4be4445bc66b6baa31e0c8ad791deb6f},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1419},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {62},

number = {3},

pages = {487-495},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {Mercury geochemistry is emerging recently as a hot topic in chemostratigraphical and facies research, owing to the diagnostic character of Hg enrichments as a proxy of volcanic activity (crucial in the context of assumed causal links between volcanic cataclysms and mass extinctions). Thus, as a prerequisite to such far-reaching interpretations, reliable analytical determinations of Hg concentrations are necessary. In conventionally performed analyses in sedimentary geochemistry, Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) is usually applied, as an analytical standard for trace elements, including Hg. However, with a detection limit (DL) of 10 ppb, such measured values have been questioned as a conclusive geochemical indicator of Hg anomalies, and, instead, far more accurate techniques, such as Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS; DL = 0.2 ppb), are requested. As a preliminary test of this view, we present comparative analysis of 91 samples from three sections encompassing the key Frasnian-Famennian and Famennian-Tournaisian boundary intervals in Morocco (Lahmida), Germany (Kahlleite) and Uzbekistan (Novchomok), for which Hg concentrations were determined by both methods in the same samples. Despite some differences, especially at low Hg concentrations, both analytical methods reveal the same 12 extraordinarily enriched samples in excess of 1 ppm (with one exception; the determination error is <20%), as well as similar overall chemostratigraphic patterns characterized by a few prominent Hg spikes, with a top value of 5.8 ppm. The Hg concentrations determined by ICP-MS and AAS are significantly correlated, as high as r = 0.98 (Novchomok), even if the first method reveals a general tendency toward slightly heightened values (by ~ 15 to 30% for medians). Therefore, ICP-MS results can conclusively be used in mercury chemostratigraphy in order to recognize extraordinary volcanic (or other) signals, at least in the Devonian geological record. False Hg anomalies were not generated by these conventional ICP-MS determinations. © 2018, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

note = {20},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85047823298,

title = {Mercury enrichments and the Frasnian-Famennian biotic crisis: A volcanic trigger proved?},

author = { G. Racki and M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and P.B. Wignall},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047823298&doi=10.1130%2fG40233.1&partnerID=40&md5=63e78531d000adffba52e62fdc2e45b6},

doi = {10.1130/G40233.1},

issn = {00917613},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Geology},

volume = {46},

number = {6},

pages = {543-546},

publisher = {Geological Society of America},

abstract = {The Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) global event, one of the five largest biotic crises of the Phanerozoic, has been inconclusively linked to rapid climatic perturbations promoted in turn by volcanic cataclysm, especially in the Viluy large igneous province (LIP) of Siberia. Conversely, the triggers of four other Phanerozoic mass extinction intervals have decisively been linked to LIPs, owing to documented mercury anomalies, shown as the diagnostic proxy. Here, we report multiple Hg enrichments in the two-step late Frasnian (Kellwasser) crisis interval from paleogeographically distant successions in Morocco, Germany, and northern Russia. The distinguishing signal, > 1 ppm Hg in the domain of closing Rheic Ocean, was identified in different lithologies immediately below the F-F boundary and approximately correlated with the onset of the main extinction pulse. This key Hg anomaly, comparable only with an extreme spike known from the end-Ordovician extinction, was not controlled by increased bioproductivity in an anoxic setting. We suggest, therefore, that the global chemostratigraphic pattern near the F-F boundary records a greatly increased worldwide Hg input, controlled by the Center Hill eruptive pulse of the Eovariscan volcanic acme, but likely not manifested exclusively by LIP(s). Consequently, all five major biotic crises of the Phanerozoic have now been more reliably linked to volcanic cataclysms. © 2018 Geological Society of America.},

note = {83},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85040625332,

title = {Methanogenic fermentation of lignite with carbon-bearing additives, inferred from stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes},

author = { M. Bucha and M.O. Jędrysek and D. Kufka and Ł. Pleśniak and L. Marynowski and K. Kubiak and M.K. Błaszczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040625332&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2017.11.020&partnerID=40&md5=6f1e34f6e03a0b600146325b3a2b5209},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2017.11.020},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {186},

pages = {65-79},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Lignite from the Konin area (Poland) was used as a substrate for incubation experiments to evaluate its potential for simulation of biogenic methane production. Lignite was incubated with a bacterial inoculum enriched from lake sediments, mineral media, and various supplemental components for microbial life. Additives, such as acetate, methanol, glucose, nutrient broth, and yeast extract, can significantly increase methane production. At the same time, biodegradation of these additional carbon sources leads to overestimation of methane yield. In this paper, selected geochemical properties (total organic carbon content; stable isotopic composition of carbon δ13C) were analyzed in order to evaluate changes in the organic matter of fermented lignite. Stable isotope analysis of carbon and hydrogen was applied in order to identify sources of methane and carbon dioxide formation. TOC decreased in range from 1.4 to 9.6% in lignite after fermentation. The δ13C value of lignite used in the experiments (−25.2‰) decreased after incubation to values in range from −27.1 to −26.2‰. Methane yield per g of TOC (lignite + organic carbon in nutrients) ranged from 0.47 to 2.60 mM/g. Glucose, acetate, and methanol significantly increased biogas production. Nutrient broth and yeast extract were not a source of organic carbon for methane formation, but their presence enhanced biogas production. Values of δ13C(CH4) and δ2H(CH4) across incubation conditions ranged from −70.2 to −24.2‰ and from −396.6 to −290.5‰ respectively. Values of δ13C(CO2) ranged from –55.2 to 45.0‰. The high level of variation of δ13C(CH4) and δ13C(CO2) suggests mixing of gases from different carbon sources during incubation, but can also be caused by mixing of metabolic modes by the microbial community. Understanding the δ2H(CH4) variation is even more difficult than the δ13C(CH4) and δ13C(CO2), since many substrates often contain exchangeable hydrogen (e.g. in water; lignite; and elements of nutrients). The combined values of δ13C(CH4) and δ13C(CO2) suggests that the dominant methanogenesis pathway in our experiments may be acetate fermentation. In biodegraded lignite, high relative concentrations of p-cresol (one of the most abundant in the sample) and n-(2-acetylphenyl)formamide were identified. These compounds are most probably lignin decomposition products, or, in the case of the latter, bacterial by-products or remnants. Organic compounds with low molecular weights, n-alkanes, and biomolecules including ferruginol, sugiol, and 6,7-dehydroferruginol, as well as amyrins and tocopherols, were preferentially degraded. The potential for methane production from lignite spiked with carbon-bearing additives is at least one magnitude lower than that from agricultural wastes. The lignite utilization as the single substrate for methanogenic fermentation is economically unprofitable. Mixing of lignite with the external substrate as biomass may be an alternative for consideration and future research. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85037356247,

title = {Occurrence and significance of mono-, di- and anhydrosaccharide biomolecules in Mesozoic and Cenozoic lignites and fossil wood},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Bucha and J. Smolarek-Lach and M. Wendorff-Belon and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85037356247&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2017.11.008&partnerID=40&md5=2d3cf3128c5a6ef57eaa5c7b988222f1},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.11.008},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {116},

pages = {13-22},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Mono-, di- and polysaccharides are common constituents of living organisms, but their occurrence and state of preservation in geological materials have only rarely been considered. Here, we present the monosaccharide, and for the first time the di- and anhydrosaccharide, identifications and distributions in Middle Miocene lignite and Middle Jurassic fossil wood samples. Detritic lignites contain fructose and glucose as dominant monosaccharides, and sucrose and trehalose as important disaccharides. Xylites contain monosaccharides (arabinose; arabinofuranose; glucose; and minor xylose and fructose), saccharols (erythritol; arabitol and mannitol), and also some disaccharides. The Middle Jurassic fossil wood samples contain glucose, glucofuranose and levoglucosan. The high content of holocellulose (up to 55 wt%) and co-occurrence of characteristic monosaccharides as arabinose, xylose and mannose in xylites suggests that not only cellulose, but also hemicellulose was preserved in samples as old as 13 Ma. Compounds like trehalose and mannitol appear to be products of wood-degrading fungi. Surprisingly, glucose, the most stable monosaccharide, and levoglucosan can occur in much older organic matter (ca. 168 Ma) as products from cellulose degradation, and possibly a remnant from wildfire burning of wood, respectively. Our findings confirm that saccharides can be preserved under favorable conditions in sedimentary organic matter of the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic eras, and can be used as specific biomarkers of cellulose and hemicellulose degradation, fungal metabolism, and wildfire events. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that at least part of the saccharides may be preserved in sedimentary rocks as the free compounds, common in plants and microorganisms. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85030712772,

title = {Benthic anoxia, intermittent photic zone euxinia and elevated productivity during deposition of the Lower Permian, post-glacial fossiliferous black shales of the Paraná Basin, Brazil},

author = { L.D. Mouro and M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski and A. Pisarzowska and S. Musabelliu and M. Zatoń and M.A. Carvalho and A.C.S. Fernandes and B.L. Waichel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030712772&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2017.09.017&partnerID=40&md5=e099b0a61f9480bf93d3fa4a45fb4882},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.09.017},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {158},

pages = {155-172},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Here, the Lower Permian, post-glacial fossiliferous Lontras black shales from the Paraná Basin (southern Brazil) are studied using integrated palynological, geochemical and petrographic methods for the first time in order to decipher the prevalent palaeoenvironmental conditions during their sedimentation. These black shales were deposited in a restricted marine environment. Inorganic geochemical data (U/Th ratios, authigenic uranium, molybdenum), organic geochemical data (total organic carbon, biomarkers) and framboid pyrite size distributions point to predominantly anoxic/euxinic bottom-water conditions. Moreover, the presence of aryl isoprenoids and maleimide biomarkers indicates that euxinia in the water column was intermittently present in the photic zone. The onset of anoxic conditions was caused by elevated productivity in the basin, which was related to deglaciation, marine transgression and the increased delivery of terrestrial nutrients. The presence of a positive organic carbon isotope excursion indicates that the black shale deposition resulted from increased productivity and the expansion of anoxic and nitrogen- and phosphate-enriched waters into the shallow photic zone. The high values of δ15N (exceeding 9‰) may be related to the deglaciation-driven sea-level rise and advection of denitrified water mass from the Panthalassic Ocean to the intracratonic Paraná Basin. Prolonged periods of sea-floor anoxia/euxinia excluded potential scavengers and bioturbators, thus enhancing the preservation of numerous fossil taxa, including fish, sponges, insects and their larval cases, and conodont apparatuses. The intermittent photic zone euxinia may also have contributed to the mass mortality of fish populations, the fossils of which are very well-preserved in these black shales. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85019957136,

title = {Multi-variable constraints of gas exploration potential in the Lower Silurian shale of the Baltic Basin (Poland)},

author = { T. Topór and A. Derkowski and P. Ziemiański and L. Marynowski and D.K. McCarty},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019957136&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2017.05.001&partnerID=40&md5=5a22b687ef7250c2adc99eb281fde2ae},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2017.05.001},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {179},

pages = {45-59},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85019168995,

title = {Age and origin of the well-preserved organic matter in internal sediments from the silesian-cracow lead-zinc deposits, southern Poland},

author = { M. Rybicki and L. Marynowski and S. Stukins and K. Nejbert},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019168995&doi=10.2113%2fecongeo.112.4.775&partnerID=40&md5=06f3f1c99cc24fe8d97ac4067d9a3c7c},

doi = {10.2113/econgeo.112.4.775},

issn = {03610128},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Economic Geology},

volume = {112},

number = {4},

pages = {775-798},

publisher = {Society of Economic Geologists, Inc},

abstract = {The molecular and petrographic characteristics of organic matter in internal sediments from the Mississippi Valley-Type lead-zinc deposits in southern Poland reveal immature and well-preserved organic matter. Huminite reflectance values of organic matter in all internal sediments are low, with a mean value of 0.29%, corresponding to a lignite range of coalification. Most organic compounds in the organic matter (e.g.; cadalene; retene; simonellite; perylene; and β-sitosterol and its transformation products stigmastanol and stigmasta- 3;5-dien-one), as well as lignin degradation compound products (e.g.; benzoic acid; vanillin; 4-benzaldehyde; benzenedicarboxilic acids; and hydroxybenzoic acids), are of terrestrial origin. Monosaccharides with dominant α-And β-glucose were identified as possible remnants of cellulose degradation products, suggesting an excellent state of organic matter preservation, given that monosaccharides are preserved only under conditions of limited oxygen after sedimentation, resulting from the rapid accumulation of internal sediments in meteoric paleokarst cavities followed by insignificant diagenesis. Petrologic and palynological data on internal sediments clearly indicate a Middle Triassic age for organic matter and for the development of a Triassic meteoric karst system immediately after Anisian carbonate sedimentation. © 2017 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85013664517,

title = {Influence of palaeoweathering on trace metal concentrations and environmental proxies in black shales},

author = { L. Marynowski and A. Pisarzowska and A. Derkowski and M. Rakociński and R. Szaniawski and J. Środoń and A.S. Cohen},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013664517&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2017.02.023&partnerID=40&md5=526d3c5f4b56dbf5d405e1eba2fb3677},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.02.023},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {472},

pages = {177-191},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The mineralogical and chemical compositions of Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) marine black shale from the Kowala quarry, the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, were investigated. This study focuses on disturbances in palaeoenvironmental proxies caused by palaeoweathering, which progressively changed the major and trace element abundances. Palaeomagnetic investigations reveal that the Devonian – Carboniferous succession was weathered during the Permian-Triassic by the infiltration of oxidizing fluids related to karstification following post-Variscan exhumation. The weathering process led to vermiculitization of chlorite, partial dissolution of calcite and replacement of pyrite by hematite and goethite. Moreover, the concentrations of some trace metals, including Co, Cu, Pb, Mo, Ni, As and U, significantly decreased. Consequently, some elemental abundance ratios that are used as environmental proxies, including U/Th, Ni/Co and V/Cr, were altered. Elements that are bound to iron sulphides (e.g.; Mo) appear to be especially prone to mobilization by even a lightly weathered black shale. The documented weathering, including changes in elemental concentrations, can potentially create misinterpretations of the original palaeoenvironmental conditions. In addition, the palaeoweathering of the studied samples appears to have substantially changed the carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and molybdenum stable isotope values. The nitrogen and molybdenum stable isotope ratios, in particular, appear to be most sensitive to the effects of weathering and therefore are good indicators of (palaeo)weathering processes. The major cause of these changes is the decay of organic matter and pyrite. For the organic carbon stable isotopes ratios, the main factor that controlls this process appears to be the preferential degradation of labile organic matter. A combination of the total organic carbon (TOC), total sulphur (TS) content, Mo concentration and stable isotope compositions seems to be the most useful for identify (palaeo)weathering. Our results suggest that reductions in TS and Mo in tandem with diminished Mo stable isotope values in the absence of obvious changes to the TOC content provide the most compelling evidence of (palaeo)weathering. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {35},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85017556257,

title = {Benzohopane Series, Their Novel Di-, Tri-, and Tetraaromatic Derivatives, and Diaromatic 23- and 24-Norbenzohopanes from the Lower Jurassic Blanowice Formation, Southern Poland},

author = { M. Rybicki and L. Marynowski and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017556257&doi=10.1021%2facs.energyfuels.6b03154&partnerID=40&md5=1bd4ead7ece940bd9bf00c35c9bc40c4},

doi = {10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03154},

issn = {08870624},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Energy and Fuels},

volume = {31},

number = {3},

pages = {2617-2624},

publisher = {American Chemical Society},

abstract = {A total of 17 novel di-, tri-, and tetraaromatic derivatives of the benzohopane series cyclized at C-16 or C-20 as well as 4 diaromatic 23- and 24-norbenzohopanes have been identified in the coal and surrounding sandstone samples from the Lower Jurassic Blanowice Formation of southern Poland using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Their possible structures and formation pathway have been proposed on the basis of mass spectra and retention times. Bulk geochemical data and the presence of unsaturated benzohopane derivatives indicate low maturation of the Blanowice coals, characteristic for lignites. The diverse distributions of the benzohopane derivatives in the coals and surrounding sandstones showed differences in the extent of biodegradation. Our observations suggest that the di-, tri-, and tetraaromatic derivatives of benzohopanes cyclized at C-16 may be more resistant to biodegradation than regular benzohopanes. © 2017 American Chemical Society.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85009919664,

title = {Organic matter maturity and hydrocarbon potential of the Lower Oligocene Menilite facies in the Eastern Flysch Carpathians (Tarcău and Vrancea Nappes), Romania},

author = { M. Wendorff-Belon and M.J. Rospondek and B. Kluska and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85009919664&doi=10.1016%2fj.apgeochem.2017.01.009&partnerID=40&md5=f5f1110690722a102e8dff37461f1dc0},

doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.01.009},

issn = {08832927},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Applied Geochemistry},

volume = {78},

pages = {295-310},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Bulk organic geochemical and molecular composition data have been used to analyse the hydrocarbon potential and organic matter maturity of the Lower Oligocene Menilite facies from two adjacent tectonic units of the Eastern Flysch Carpathians (Tarcău and Vrancea Nappes), Romania due to the importance of these source rocks in hydrocarbon exploration in entire Paratethys realm. The data show strong variability in organic matter quantity and quality. Organic carbon content reaches peak values in the siliceous facies of the Lower Menilite Member (up to 8.6 wt% TOC), which contains type II kerogen. With increasing contribution of flysch sedimentation mixed type II/III kerogen gains importance. The biomarker distribution reveals strong variation in the supplied organic matter common for flysch-influenced sedimentary environments. Terrigenous input is marked by epicuticular wax imprint in n-alkane distribution and occurrence of conifer biomarkers, while marine organic matter origin is expressed by the occurrence of short-chain n-alkanes and hopanes especially in the siliceous facies. Thus, these source rocks can be classified as oil-prone and subordinately mixed oil/gas-prone. The maturity in the outer tectonic unit (Vrancea) is low (Tmax ∼425 °C; Ro ∼0.4%) but increases towards the inner Tarcău Nappe (Tmax ∼430 °C; Ro ∼0.5%) reaching onset of hydrocarbon generation. The studied rocks have good petroleum potential, but hydrocarbons were generated only in more mature Tarcău Nappe, where solid bitumen veins were observed. Bitumen impregnation of numerous vitrinite grains possibly suppressed vitrinite reflectance, thus leading to more accurate maturity assessment based on molecular proxies (biomarker maturity indices). The observed difference in maturity levels between the nappes results from the more inner position of the sampled Tarcău Nappe succession within the orogen relative to the Vrancea unit. This is related to different burial histories, as well as variation in subsequent erosion and exhumation levels. The actual hydrocarbon potential in the studied area varies due to local interplay of these critical factors. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84957551220,

title = {Lower Wenlock black shales in the northern Holy Cross Mountains, Poland: Sedimentary and geochemical controls on the Ireviken Event in a deep marine setting},

author = { J. Smolarek-Lach and W. Trela and D.P.G. Bond and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957551220&doi=10.1017%2fS0016756815001065&partnerID=40&md5=3bbbebe541c7bd2105b9b176821112ff},

doi = {10.1017/S0016756815001065},

issn = {00167568},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Geological Magazine},

volume = {154},

number = {2},

pages = {247-264},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {The stratigraphic variability and geochemistry of Llandovery/Wenlock (L/W) Series boundary sediments in Poland reveals that hemipelagic sedimentation under an anoxic/euxinic water column was interrupted by low-density bottom currents or detached diluted turbid layers that resulted in intermittent seafloor oxygenation. Total organic carbon values and inorganic proxies throughout the Wilków 1 borehole section suggest variable redox conditions. U/Mo ratios > 1 throughout much of the Aeronian and Telychian stages, together with an absence of pyrite framboids, suggest oxygenated conditions prevailed. However, elevated total organic carbon near the Aeronian/Telychian boundary, together with increased U/Th and V/(V + Ni) ratios and populations of small pyrite framboids are consistent with the development of dysoxic/anoxic conditions at that time. U/Th, V/Cr and V/(V + Ni) ratios, as well as Uauthig and Mo concentrations, suggest that during the Ireviken black shale deposition, bottom-water conditions deteriorated from oxic during Telychian time to mostly suboxic/anoxic immediately prior to the L/W boundary, before a brief reoxygenation at the end of the Ireviken black shale sedimentation in the Sheinwoodian Stage. Rapid fluctuations in U/Mo during the Ireviken Event are characteristic of fluctuating redox conditions that culminated in an anoxic/euxinic seafloor in Sheinwoodian time. Following Ireviken black shale deposition, conditions once again became oxygen deficient with the development of a euxinic zone in the water column. The Aeronian to Sheinwoodian deep-water redox history was unstable, and rapid fluctuations of the chemocline across the L/W Series boundary probably contributed to the Ireviken Event extinctions, which affected mainly pelagic and hemipelagic fauna. Copyright © 2016 Cambridge University Press.},

note = {29},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85010053608,

title = {Redox conditions and marine microbial community changes during the end-Ordovician mass extinction event},

author = { J. Smolarek-Lach and L. Marynowski and W. Trela and P. Kujawski and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85010053608&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2017.01.002&partnerID=40&md5=d6392489e111424b6dce7a745f360329},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.01.002},

issn = {09218181},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Global and Planetary Change},

volume = {149},

pages = {105-122},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The end-Ordovician (Hirnantian) crisis is the first globally distinct extinction during the Phanerozoic, but its causes are still not fully known. Here, we present an integrated geochemical and petrographic analysis to understand the sedimentary conditions taking place before, during and after the Late Ordovician ice age. New data from the Zbrza (Holy Cross Mountains) and Gołdap (Baltic Depression) boreholes shows that, like in other worldwide sections, the total organic carbon (TOC) content is elevated in the upper Katian and uppermost Hirnantian to Rhudannian black shales, but depleted (below 1%) during most of the Hirnantian. Euxinic conditions occurred in the photic zone in both TOC-rich intervals. This is based on the maleimide distribution, occurrence of aryl isoprenoids and isorenieratane, as well as a dominance of tiny pyrite framboids. Euxinic conditions were interrupted by the Hirnantian regression caused by glaciation. Sedimentation on the deep shelf changed to aerobic probably due to intense thermohaline circulation. Euxinia in the water column occurred directly during the time associated with the second pulse of the mass extinction with a termination of the end-Ordovician glaciation and sea level rise just at the Ordovician/Silurian (O/S) boundary. In contrast, we suggest based on inorganic proxies that bottom water conditions were generally oxic to dysoxic due to upwelling in the Rheic Ocean. The only episode of seafloor anoxia in the Zbrza basin was found at the O/S boundary, where all inorganic indicators showed elevated values typical for anoxia (U/Th > 1.25; V/Cr > 4.25; V/(V + Ni): 0.54–0.82 and Mo > 10–25 ppm). Significant differences in hopanes to steranes ratio and in C27–C29 sterane distribution between the Katian, Rhudannian and Hirnantian deposits indicate changes in marine microbial communities triggered by sharp climate change and Gondwana glaciation. The increase from biomarkers of cyanobacteria (2α-methylhopanes) after the O/S boundary implied enhanced microbial activity following the mass extinction event. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84995554168,

title = {Molecular tracers preserved in Lower Jurassic “Blanowice brown coals” from southern Poland at the onset of coalification: Organic geochemical and petrological characteristics},

author = { M. Rybicki and L. Marynowski and M. Misz-Kennan and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84995554168&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2016.09.012&partnerID=40&md5=ea86b5bdd29f4e9f33514cdc2d375fd7},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.09.012},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {102},

pages = {77-92},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The petrographic and molecular characteristics of the Pliensbachian–Toarcian “Blanowice brown coals” and associated sediments are described. These coals are generally dominated by vitrain macerals, although in one sample the inertinite is > 60%. This is interpreted as a result of wildfire or peat fire activity which was confirmed by the co-occurrence of charcoal fragments and elevated relative concentrations of unsubstituted PAHs in the samples. Vitrinite reflectance values are in the range of 0.49–0.56 %Ro and the C content varies from 30.3–61.9%, placing the coals within the sub-bituminous coal group. However, detailed characterization of coal extracts revealed their highly immature character, based on the occurrence of phenolic abietanes such as ferruginol, sugiol and 7-oxototarol, as well as other biomolecules including labdanoic acid, cholesterol and sitosterol. This is one of the first descriptions of natural product compounds in Jurassic sedimentary rocks. Moreover, in addition to typical lignin decomposition products, dicarboxylic acids with a preponderance of succinic acid were identified. To the best of our knowledge free dicarboxylic acids have not been reported previously from coal extracts. These acids are characteristic resin constituents. We speculate that a low (ca. 40–50 °C), but long-term, temperature influence led to an increased vitrinite reflectance values ca. 0.55 %Ro, with only minor changes to the composition of unstable biomarkers and biomolecules. Moreover, the resin matrix could protect unstable compounds against geochemical structural alteration. Vitrinite reflectance values may also be elevated due to oxidation which caused paler in colour reaction rims. The presence of phenolic abietanes and the absence of abietic and dehydroabietic acids suggest that the Cupressaceae and/or Podocarpaceae families were the most likely peat-forming plant species. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84977660270,

title = {Llandovery green/grey and black mudrock facies of the northern Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) and their relation to early Silurian sea-level changes and benthic oxygen level},

author = { W. Trela and T. Podhalańska and J. Smolarek-Lach and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84977660270&doi=10.1016%2fj.sedgeo.2016.06.003&partnerID=40&md5=b0d5827b3f56e386eba3d98db8b91ed2},

doi = {10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.06.003},

issn = {00370738},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Sedimentary Geology},

volume = {342},

pages = {66-77},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The Llandovery mudrock facies in the northern Holy Cross Mountains reveal lithological variability allowing their interpretation in the context of post-Ordovician climate and sea-level changes in the Caledonian foredeep basin developed along the present SW margin of Baltica. They form a succession up to 50 m thick made up of grey and greenish clayey mudstones interrupted by black shales. The sedimentary and geochemical data (total organic carbon; pyrite framboids and trace metals) clearly show that the black shales document periods of the significant sediment starvation and oxygen- deficient conditions. Their occurrence is confined to the persculptus–acuminatus, vesiculosus, cyphus, convolutus–sedgwickii, turriculatus–crispus, crenulata and spiralis graptolite biozones and they can be correlated with post-glacial transgressions. In contrast, the grey and greenish mudstones are interpreted as lithofacies reflecting permanent benthic oxygenation driven by deep-water ventilation during the Aeronian and Telychian regressions supported by sedimentary and geochemical studies, and diameters of pyrite framboids © 2016 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84946037548,

title = {Root-related rhodochrosite and concretionary siderite formation in oxygen-deficient conditions induced by a ground-water table rise},

author = { M.J. Bojanowski and E. Jaroszewicz and A. Košir and M. Łoziński and L. Marynowski and A. Wysocka and A. Derkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946037548&doi=10.1111%2fsed.12227&partnerID=40&md5=dc8d2b242317767ca449ef2db265fa69},

doi = {10.1111/sed.12227},

issn = {00370746},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Sedimentology},

volume = {63},

number = {3},

pages = {523-551},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {Sedimentological, mineralogical, stable carbon and oxygen isotope determinations and biomarker analyses were performed on siderite concretions occurring in terrestrial silts to understand their formation and to characterize the sedimentary and diagenetic conditions favouring their growth. High δ13C values (6·4‰ on average) indicate that siderite precipitated in an anoxic environment where bacterial methanogenesis operated. The development of anoxic conditions during shallow burial was induced by a change in sedimentary environment from flood plain to swamp, related to a rise of the ground-water table. Large amounts of decaying plant debris led to efficient oxygen consumption within the pore-water in the peat. Oxygen depletion, in combination with a decrease in sedimentation rate, promoted anoxic diagenetic conditions under the swamp and favoured abundant siderite precipitation. This shows how a change in sedimentary conditions can have a profound impact on the early-diagenetic environment and carbonate authigenesis. The concretions contain numerous rhizoliths; they are cemented with calcium-rhodochrosite, a feature which has not been reported before. The rhodochrosite cement has negative δ13C values (−16·5‰ on average) and precipitated in suboxic conditions due to microbial degradation of roots coupled to manganese reduction. The exceptional preservation of the epidermis/exodermis and xylem vessels of former root tissues indicates that the rhodochrosite formed shortly after the death of a root in water-logged sediments. Rhodochrosite precipitated during the initial stages of concretionary growth in suboxic microenvironments within roots, while siderite cementation occurred simultaneously around them in anoxic conditions. These suboxic microenvironments developed because oxygen was transported from the overlying oxygenated soil into sediments saturated with anoxic water via roots acting as permeable conduits. This model explains how separate generations of carbonate cements having different mineralogy and isotopic compositions, which would conventionally be regarded as cements precipitated sequentially in different diagenetic zones during gradual burial, can form simultaneously in shallow burial settings where strong redox gradients exist around vertically oriented permeable root structures. © 2015 The Authors. Sedimentology © 2015 International Association of Sedimentologists},

note = {24},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84960470754,

title = {Reactivation of cation exchange properties in black shales},

author = { A. Derkowski and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960470754&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2016.03.002&partnerID=40&md5=bd1b571293ca7f13441aa5d1f4a8926e},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2016.03.002},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {158},

pages = {65-77},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is among most important properties of sedimentary rocks, broadly applied in various means of geosciences research and industry. The organic matter (OM) in ancient black shales is thought to be a negligible source of cation exchange capacity (CEC), due to the loss of polar functional groups from extensive diagenetic transformations that occur during burial. OM in modern soils and sediments contains weakly bound hydrogen on carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups, providing negatively charged functional groups that facilitate CEC on the order of hundreds of cmol(+)/kg. Kerogen in ancient sediments may either retain a portion of polar oxygen groups or these functional groups can be (re)gained upon drying, revealing an overlooked source of charge in black shales.Analyzing an extensive series of shales from the Baltic Basin (Poland) and Marcellus Shale (USA) with varying OM content and diagenesis we found that CEC, measured using Hexamminecobalt(III), of heated samples (≥. 200 °C) is up to ten times greater than CEC measured on air-dry samples. Moreover, CEC measured on the heated samples is greater than theoretical CEC estimated from clay minerals composition. The excess CEC correlates with the content of oxygen-rich groups determined with OM pyrolysis and infrared spectroscopy. Carboxyl groups formed in OM due to thermal oxidation at temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 310 °C, in the presence of oxygen and under vacuum, are responsible for excess CEC. Our results reveal that kerogen in black shales is not chemically inert in the case of cation exchange and the OM can provide a considerable portion of the apparent CEC measured in bulk rock samples. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84954370462,

title = {Organic geochemical characteristics of the Mississippian black shales from Wardie, Scotland},

author = { A. Trojan and M.J. Bojanowski and M. Gola and O. Grafka and L. Marynowski and E.N.K. Clarkson},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84954370462&doi=10.1017%2fS1755691015000225&partnerID=40&md5=976343c9aa2bee9df5188c06a25f816f},

doi = {10.1017/S1755691015000225},

issn = {17556910},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh},

volume = {106},

number = {1},

pages = {55-65},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {Coal and hydrocarbons have been exploited from the Carboniferous rocks of the Midland Valley for over 200 years. This work characterises organic matter from the Mississippian black shales of the Midland Valley from Wardie, Scotland. Biomarker analysis allowed the estimation of the degree of microbial transformation of organic matter, type of kerogen and thermal maturity during hydrocarbon generation. Parameters based on the biomarker indicators confirm a generally mixed type II/III kerogen. However, some samples contain mostly terrestrial organic matter, whilst others contain predominantly marine organic matter, which shows that the sedimentary environment varied greatly throughout the basin. The presence of gammacerane suggests water column stratification and anoxic conditions. Organic matter was much better protected from post-depositional alteration within the concretions, where higher TOC (total organic carbon) and TS (total sulphur) contents occur, than in the surrounding sediments. This can be induced by very early diagenetic formation of these concretions which protected organic matter from late diagenetic degradation. Estimated values of vitrinite reflectance (Rc; Rcs) show that the sedimentary rocks reached the catagenesis stage. Most samples exhibit maximum organic matter maturation temperatures of around c60-90°C. However, stable isomers of phenyldibenzo[b;d]thiophene detected in some samples indicate that in some cases post-depositional hydrothermal activity affected maturation of organic matter increasing temperatures to as high as c174°C. © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 2015.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84936806689,

title = {News from an old wood - Agathoxylon keuperianum (Unger) nov. comb. in the Keuper of Poland and France},

author = { M. Philippe and G. Pacyna and Z. Wawrzyniak and M. Barbacka and K. Boka and P. Filipiak and L. Marynowski and F. Thévenard and D. Uhl},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84936806689&doi=10.1016%2fj.revpalbo.2015.06.006&partnerID=40&md5=6d437425ed9a59e6d91cf2620cea194c},

doi = {10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.06.006},

issn = {00346667},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology},

volume = {221},

pages = {83-91},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {New fossil woods from the Keuper of Poland and France are assigned to Agathoxylon keuperianum (Unger) nov. comb. A complete nomenclatural treatment of this taxon is given, with up-dated nomenclatural synonymy and some taxonomical notes. It is shown that Zimmermann's choice of a lectotype (1953) for this species is superseded by material in the Unger collection at the Paris Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (France). Taxomical reappraisal of Unger collection also evidenced that Simplioxylon hungaricum Andreanzsky correct name is Simplicioxylon wurtembergicum (Unger) nov. comb. and that Peuce brauneana Unger can be excluded from Agathoxylon keuperianum synonymy. Literature data for Agathoxylon keuperianum are reviewed and some are invalidated. Our new data are the first safe reports for this species outside from Germany. The systematic position of Agathoxylon keuperianum is discussed, as well as its stratigraphical and geographical range. In the present state of knowledge it seems to be restricted to the area where German Keuper is deposited. Anatomical features suggest that Agathoxylon keuperianum thrived under warm and wet conditions, whereas German Keuper sediments globally suggest hot and dry climate. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84928674489,

title = {Coprolites of Late Triassic carnivorous vertebrates from Poland: An integrative approach},

author = { M. Zatoń and G. Niedźwiedzki and L. Marynowski and K. Benzerara and C. Pott and J. Cosmidis and T. Krzykawski and P. Filipiak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928674489&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2015.04.009&partnerID=40&md5=6e3a83d886d48bd108c0f42490ab94d8},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.04.009},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {430},

pages = {21-46},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Vertebrate coprolites derived from Upper Triassic terrestrial deposits of southern Poland have been subjected to various analytical methods in order to retrieve information about their composition, producer's diet and nature of the microscopic structures preserved in the groundmass. Morphologically, the coprolites have been classified into four morphotypes, of which only three were further analysed due to their good state of preservation. Their groundmass are composed of francolite, a carbonate-rich apatite, in which abundant coccoid structures are preserved. Based on various microscopic and organic geochemical techniques, they are interpreted as fossilized bacteria which could have mediated the phosphatization of the faeces. The thin sectioning revealed that the coprolites consist of those containing exclusively bone remains, and those preserving both bone and plant remains. Those coprolites preserving only vertebrate remains are suggestive for exclusive carnivorous diet of the producers. However, the interpretation of coprolites consisting of both vertebrate and plant remains is more debatable. Although they may attest to omnivory, it cannot be excluded that potential producers were carnivorous and occasionally ingested plants, or accidentally swallowed plant material during feeding. The latter may involve predation or scavenging upon other herbivorous animals. The potential producers may have been animals that foraged in or near aquatic habitats, such as semi-aquatic archosaurs and/or temnospondyls. This is supported by the presence of ostracode and other aquatic arthropod remains, and fish scales within the coprolites, as well as by the presence of specific biomarkers such as phytanic and pristanic acids, which are characteristic constituents of fish oil. The preservation of such labile organic compounds as sterols, palmitin, stearin or levoglucosan attests for rapid, microbially-mediated mineralization of the faeces at very early stages of diagenesis. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {45},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84927613029,

title = {The expression of the Hangenberg Event (latest Devonian) in a relatively shallow-marine succession (Pomeranian Basin, Poland): The results of a multi-proxy investigation},

author = { H. Matyja and K. Sobień and L. Marynowski and M. Stempień-Sałek and K. Małkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927613029&doi=10.1017%2fS001675681400034X&partnerID=40&md5=1115fc867d52395af251308525b2436e},

doi = {10.1017/S001675681400034X},

issn = {00167568},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Geological Magazine},

volume = {152},

number = {3},

pages = {400-428},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {The uppermost Famennian - lowermost Tournaisian interval has been analysed in detail using biostratigraphy, sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility and geochemistry in a reference section of the relatively shallow carbonate ramp environment within the Pomeranian Basin. High-resolution biostratigraphic study, based on miospores, allows recognition of the standard western European lepidophyta-nitidus (LN) and verrucosus-incohatus (VI) zones, as well as the Convolutispora major Zone, a local Pomeranian equivalent of the European standard hibernicus-distinctus (HD) Zone. The sedimentary succession and specific phenomena recognized close to the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary, such as fluctuations in water column euxinia, wildfire evidence, relative sea-level changes and perturbations of the carbon cycle reflected by positive carbon excursions, display a pattern partly similar to that observed in many areas in Europe during the Hangenberg Event, although the Hangenberg Black Shale horizon is not developed here. These important microscale environmental perturbations were observed not only within the Famennian LN miospore Zone but in a wide interval between the LN and the lowermost local Convolutispora major miospore zones ( = lower part of HD standard miospore Zone). It is still uncertain whether the recognized event(s) were connected solely with the Hangenberg Event, which was possibly complex and multi-phased as is sometimes suggested, or whether they represent a succession of regionally limited, post-Hangenberg events. This question needs to be further investigated on broader stratigraphic and geographical scales. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014.},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85027931246,

title = {Perylene degradation during gradual onset of organic matter maturation},

author = { L. Marynowski and J. Smolarek-Lach and Y. Hautevelle},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027931246&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2014.04.013&partnerID=40&md5=2c480ca590ab177c84ba31c7d8a3ecc1},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2014.04.013},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {139},

number = {1},

pages = {17-25},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Perylene and benzo[a]pyrene concentration changes during the gradual increase of thermal maturity have been analyzed for the Palaeogene Podhale flysh deposits and other Palaeozoic to Cenozoic sedimentary rock samples. Perylene is present in high relative concentration in the samples of maturation below 0.6% of the vitrinite reflectance (Rr), while in the range of 0.6%-0.7% Rr its abundance rapidly decreased. In the case of samples with vitrinite reflectance higher than 0.7% Rr, perylene compound disappeared completely. Benzo[a]pyrene is also thermally unstable at elevated temperatures and its relative concentration is very low above vitrinite reflectance values of ca. 0.9%. Such results could have important palaeoenvironmental implications. If these five-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds are characterized by low to moderate thermal stability, then their use as a wood-degrading fungi tracer in the case of perylene and palaeo-wildfire indicator in the case of benzo[a]pyrene is limited only to samples of maturation below the oil window range and below the major phase of oil generation, respectively. These results explain the scarcity of perylene in Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks, which are generally of higher maturation than the younger deposits. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85027930117,

title = {Phenyl derivatives of polycyclic aromatic compounds as indicators of hydrothermal activity in the Silurian black siliceous shales of the Bardzkie Mountains, Poland},

author = { O. Grafka and L. Marynowski and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027930117&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2014.09.006&partnerID=40&md5=a365b60bb2847587a1d1ab260aa0aeb9},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2014.09.006},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {139},

number = {1},

pages = {142-151},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {High relative concentrations of phenyl (Ph) derivatives of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) were found in samples from the Silurian Z˙danów section (Bardzkie Mountains; Poland). These sedimentary rocks were characterized by the occurrence of all previously described Ph-PAC groups, including: phenylnaphthalenes, phenylphenanthrenes, terphenyls, phenyldibenzofurans, phenyldibenzothiophenes, and quaterphenyls, among which the phenylnaphthalenes and phenylphenanthrenes were most abundant. In all samples the thermally more stable isomers clearly dominated, while those with ortho- or α-substitution were present only as traces or absent. This suggests a high maturity of the investigated section, which was also confirmed by other molecular and petrographic thermal maturity parameters. Considering the highest abundances of Ph-PACs occur in the older part of the section, we suggest that the major factor controlling OM maturation was ascending hydrothermal fluids. Moreover, the significant peri-condensed aromatic compounds detected in the samples may have formed by dehydrocyclization of phenyl- and naphthyl-PAC precursors. If the formation of the PhPACs is strictly connected with alteration by ascending solutions, the interpretation of the inorganic geochemical results should be expanded to consider the impact of hydrothermal fluid migration. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84953374566,

title = {Evidence of wildfires during deposition of the upper silesian keuper succession, southern poland},

author = { R. Kubik and D. Uhl and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953374566&doi=10.14241%2fasgp.2014.009&partnerID=40&md5=e387ad0ba879cc8fa79a26b9516c33e3},

doi = {10.14241/asgp.2014.009},

issn = {02089068},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae},

volume = {85},

number = {4},

pages = {685-696},

publisher = {Geological Society of Poland},

abstract = {Charcoals from the Upper Triassic vertebrate-bearing clays of the Zawiercie area (Upper Silesia; S-Poland) were analyzed using petrographic methods, to reconstruct burning temperatures as well as taphonomic processes. SEM and reflected light microscopy show excellent preservation of charcoals most probable connected with early diagenetic permineralization by calcite. The charcoal was assigned to three morphotypes, probably corresponding to three different fossil taxa. Fusinite reflectance data suggest, that the highest temperature reached above 600 °C (fusinite reflectance of 3.59%), what counterparts to the lower limit crown fire temperature. The values for most of the samples are lower (ca. 1% to 2.5%) what is typical for surface fires. In many cases fusinite reflectance values depends on the measured zone within the sample. Such zonation formed due to charring temperature differences. In zones remote from the potential fire source, reflectance values gradually decreases. It implies that calculation of fire temperatures based on average fusinite reflectance values might be too far-reaching simplification. Occurrence of fungal hyphae within the charcoal supports the interpretation of a predomination of surface fire, consuming dead twigs and stems. The low content of micro-charcoals in charcoal-bearing rocks as well as roanded to sub-roanded shapes of large specimens indicates that they were transported after burning, deposited away from the burning area, and finally early diagenetic mineralization. © 2015, Geological Society of Poland. All rights reserved.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84918574017,

title = {Comment on the Kaiho et al., paper "A forest fire and soil erosion event during the Late Devonian mass extinction" [Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 392 (2013): 272-280]},

author = { L. Marynowski and G. Racki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84918574017&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2014.02.027&partnerID=40&md5=8125b7f8cfa9de5fc3bf6ec6ebedb502},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.02.027},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {417},

pages = {569-572},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Kaiho et al. (2013; Palaeogeography; Palaeoclimatology; Palaeoecology 392 (2013): 272-280) interpreted the occurrence of elevated concentrations of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dibenzofuran as indicators of wildfires and enhanced run-off near the Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) boundary. We argue that other processes, including weathering or hydrothermal oxidation (not discussed by Kaiho et al.) led to the observed increase in the concentration of these compounds and also changed their distribution. Kaiho et al.'s evidence for soil erosion and eutrophication-induced euxinia is also weak in the case of the investigated Belgian sections. Finally, Kaiho et al. rather unfortunately omitted a great wealth of important data published elsewhere, choosing instead to include only those which support their ideas and interpretations. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84947218681,

title = {Vitrinite equivalent reflectance of Silurian black shales from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland},

author = { J. Smolarek-Lach and L. Marynowski and K. Spunda and W. Trela},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84947218681&doi=10.1515%2fmipo-2015-0006&partnerID=40&md5=51c76700b1424ce74b001eaa25bd6d7c},

doi = {10.1515/mipo-2015-0006},

issn = {18998291},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Mineralogia},

volume = {45},

number = {3-4},

pages = {79-96},

publisher = {De Gruyter Open Ltd},

abstract = {A number of independent methods have been used to measure the thermal maturity of Silurian rocks from the Holy Cross Mountains in Poland. Black shales are characterized by diverse TOC values varying from 0.24-7.85%. Having calculated vitrinite equivalent reflectance using three different formulas, we propose that the most applicable values for the Silurian rocks are those based on Schmidt et al. (2015) equation. Based on this formula, the values range from % 0.71 VReqvVLR (the vitrinite equivalent reflectance of the vitrinite-like macerals) to % 1.96 VReqvVLR. Alternative, complementary methods including Rock Eval pyrolysis and parameters based on organic compounds (CPI; Pr/n-C17; Ph/n-C18; MPI1; and MDR) from extracts did not prove adequate as universal thermal maturity indicators. We have confirmed previous suggestions that Llandovery shales are the most likely Silurian source rocks for the generation of hydrocarbons in the HCM. © 2014 Justyna Smolarek et al., published by De Gruyter Open.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84908010927,

title = {Molecular composition of fossil charcoal and relationship with incomplete combustion of wood},

author = { L. Marynowski and R. Kubik and D. Uhl and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908010927&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2014.09.003&partnerID=40&md5=c0be44270728561fffaa779276d001a6},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.09.003},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {77},

pages = {22-31},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Upper Triassic charcoal extracts were studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to recognize their molecular composition. Extractable compounds were divided into: (i) biomarkers, i.e. diagenetically changed primary wood components and (ii) products of combustion. Major compounds in the first group were: 1,2,5-trimethylnaphthalene and 1,2,5,6-tetramethylnaphthalene, cadalene, dehydroabietane, simonellite and retene. All of these are derived from resins. Moreover, propyl phenols, butyl acetophenones and pentyl acetophenones, as products of lignin breakdown, as well as fatty acids with a predominance of palmitic acid, typical constituents of wood, were also detected. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well as ketones and aryl phenols, considered as high temperature combustion products, occurred at relatively low concentration in the samples due to their enhanced solubility in gelified, non-charred wood fragments, and vaporization of the major part of the burn products. Despite the low PAH concentrations, their distribution, with a significant contribution from typical pyrolytic compounds such as anthracene, 4H-cyclopenta[. def]phenanthrene, benz[. a]anthracene and benzo[. a]pyrene was typical for rapid combustion. We propose to estimate paleo-wildfire temperature based on the PAH concentrations in the paleo-charcoal samples. The presence of thermally less stable organic compounds and low PAH abundances indicates a temperature < 400. °C. High PAH amounts seem to be characteristic for charring between 400 and 500. °C. Above these temperatures PAH concentrations again decrease, but less stable compounds are absent. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {31},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84907975882,

title = {Weathering, sedimentary and diagenetic controls of mineral and geochemical characteristics of the vertebrate-bearing Silesian Keuper},

author = { J. Środoń and J. Szulc and A. Anczkiewicz and K. Jewuła and M. Banas̈ and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907975882&doi=10.1180%2fclaymin.2014.049.4.07&partnerID=40&md5=0b97745a5082f3210065af6d1ce99875},

doi = {10.1180/claymin.2014.049.4.07},

issn = {00098558},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Clay Minerals},

volume = {49},

number = {4},

pages = {569-594},

publisher = {Mineralogical Society},

abstract = {Mudstones and claystones from the southern marginal area of the European Upper Triassic, midcontinental Keuper basin (Silesia; southern Poland) were investigated using XRD, organic and inorganic geochemistry, SEM, K-Ar of illite-smectite, AFT, and stable isotopes of O and C in carbonates in order to unravel the consequent phases of the geological history of these rocks, known for abundant fossils of land vertebrates, and in particular to evaluate the diagenetic overprint on the mineral composition. The detected and quantified mineral assemblage consists of quartz, calcite, dolomite, Ca-dolomite, illite, mixed-layer illite-smectite, and kaolinite as major components, plus feldspars, hematite, pyrite, chlorite, anatase, siderite, goethite as minor components. Palygorskite, gypsum, jarosite and apatite were identified in places. The K-Ar dates document a post-sedimentary thermal event, 164 Ma or younger, which resulted in partial illitization of smectite and kaolinite. The maximum palaeotemperatures were estimated from illite-smectite as ~125°C. Apatite fission track data support this conclusion, indicating a 200-160 Ma age range of the maximum temperatures close to 120°C, followed by a prolonged period of elevated temperatures. These conclusions agree well with the available data on the Mesozoic thermal event, which yielded Pb-Zn deposits in the area. Organic maturity indicators suggest the maximum palaeotemperatures <110°C. Palygorskite was identified as authigenic by crystal morphology (TEM), and calcite by its accumulation in soil layers and by its isotopic composition evolving with time, in accordance with the sedimentary and/or climatic changes. Dolomite isotopic composition indicates more saline (concentrated) waters. Palygorskite signals a rapid local change of sedimentary conditions, correlated with algal blooms. This assemblage of authigenic minerals indicates an arid climate and the location at the transition from a distal alluvial fan to mudflat. Fe-rich smectite, kaolinite, and hematite were products of chemical weathering on the surrounding lands and are therefore mostly detrital components of the investigated rocks. Kaolinite crystal morphology and ordering indicates a short transport distance. Hematite also crystallized in situ, in the soil horizons. A large variation in kaolinite/2:1 minerals ratio reflects hydraulic sorting, except of the Rhaetian, where it probably signals a climatic change, i.e. a shift in the weathering pattern towards kaolinite, correlated with the disappearance of hematite. Quartz, 2M1 illite, and minor feldspars and Mg-chlorite were interpreted as detrital minerals. The documented sedimentation pattern indicates that in more central parts of the Keuper playa system, where an intense authigenesis of the trioctahedral clays (chlorite; swelling chlorite; corrensite; sepiolite) took place, illite and smectite were the dominant detrital clay minerals. Cr/Nb and Cr/Ti ratios were found as the best chemostratigraphic tools, allowing for the correlation of all investigated profiles. A stable decrease of these ratios up the investigated sedimentary sequence is interpreted as reflecting changes in the provenance pattern from more basic to more acidic rocks. © 2014 Mineralogical Society.},

note = {26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84916201412,

title = {The expression of the Hangenberg Event (latest Devonian) in a relatively shallow-marine succession (Pomeranian Basin, Poland): The results of a multi-proxy investigation},

author = { H. Matyja and K. Sobień and L. Marynowski and M. Stempień-Sałek and K. Małkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84916201412&doi=10.1017%2fS001675681400034X&partnerID=40&md5=f8e396496666f7647ccc02ec1073ed67},

doi = {10.1017/S001675681400034X},

issn = {00167568},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Geological Magazine},

volume = {73},

number = {2},

pages = {400-428},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {The uppermost Famennian-lowermost Tournaisian interval has been analysed in detail using biostratigraphy, sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility and geochemistry in a reference section of the relatively shallow carbonate ramp environment within the Pomeranian Basin. High-resolution biostratigraphic study, based on miospores, allows recognition of the standard western European lepidophyta-nitidus (LN) and verrucosus-incohatus (VI) zones, as well as the Convolutispora major Zone, a local Pomeranian equivalent of the European standard hibernicus-distinctus (HD) Zone. The sedimentary succession and specific phenomena recognized close to the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary, such as fluctuations in water column euxinia, wildfire evidence, relative sea-level changes and perturbations of the carbon cycle reflected by positive carbon excursions, display a pattern partly similar to that observed in many areas in Europe during the Hangenberg Event, although the Hangenberg Black Shale horizon is not developed here. These important microscale environmental perturbations were observed not only within the Famennian LN miospore Zone but in a wide interval between the LN and the lowermost local Convolutispora major miospore zones (= lower part of HD standard miospore Zone). It is still uncertain whether the recognized event(s) were connected solely with the Hangenberg Event, which was possibly complex and multi-phased as is sometimes suggested, or whether they represent a succession of regionally limited, post-Hangenberg events. This question needs to be further investigated on broader stratigraphic and geographical scales. © 2014 Cambridge University Press.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84896294499,

title = {Determination of multiple organic matter sources in aerosol PM10 from Wrocław, Poland using molecular and stable carbon isotope compositions},

author = { M. Górka and M. Rybicki and B.R.T. Simoneit and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896294499&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2014.02.064&partnerID=40&md5=9390a1713799db540699f700d4e87110},

doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.064},

issn = {13522310},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Atmospheric Environment},

volume = {89},

pages = {739-748},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The natural and anthropogenic contributions of hydrocarbon groups (aliphatic and aromatic), as well as total organic carbon, in atmospheric PM10 dust (particulate matter <10μm) collected from Wrocław (SW Poland) were assessed using combined molecular (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry - GC-MS) and stable carbon isotopic (isotope-ratio mass spectrometry - IR-MS) analyses. The PM10 samples were taken in the seasonal sampling program in 2007, and represent air pollution from all months of the year. The δ13C values of the total carbon varied seasonally from-27.6 to-25.3- The isotopic mass balance calculations confirmed greater coal burning input, reaching 70.5%, in the heating season and dominant transported sources 47.5% in the vegetative season. The data obtained for the aliphatic fractions: carbon preference index (CPI), carbon number maximum (Cmax), wax n-alkane contents (%WNA), and δ13C values of the aliphatic fractions (-36.6 to-29.4-), indicated a dominant anthropogenic origin (gasoline/diesel/coal combustion) and a lesser biogenic input (biomass burning and natural organic matter). Petroleum and coal combustion emissions were confirmed by the presence of hopanes and moretanes. The molecular analysis of the concentrations and diagnostic ratios of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the δ13C values of the aromatic fractions (-35.4 to-26.8-) indicated that the main PAH sources were also collectively from combustion of liquid fuels and coal. Based on PAH discrimination diagrams it is also clear that the main organic carbon source is derived from coal, biomass and petroleum combustion in both seasons. However, taking into account the PAH concentrations during the vegetative and heating seasons, coal and biomass burning seem to be their major source. Additionally, the polar organic compounds (mainly levoglucosan) confirmed a significant contribution from biomass burning to the total anthropogenic input. The general conclusion derived from coupling of organic tracer analysis and carbon isotopic data of PM10 was that the total carbon (including insoluble soot) is likely derived from fossil fuel combustion, while the extractable organic matter is a mixture from different sources with significant inputs of biomass burning. We have also shown that dominant organic tracers do not always represent the major input source in aerosol PM and the unresolved part of the organic matter (soot) is important in the carbon budget. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {59},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84894089763,

title = {The carbon isotope organic geochemistry of early Ordovician rocks from the annascaul formation, county Kerry},

author = { A.H. Jahren and B.A. Schubert and L. Marynowski and J.P. Wilson},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84894089763&doi=10.3318%2fIJES.2013.31.1&partnerID=40&md5=f695d1be176665fc0ebb775bbd0c188a},

doi = {10.3318/IJES.2013.31.1},

issn = {07901763},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Irish Journal of Earth Sciences},

volume = {31},

pages = {1-12},

abstract = {Ireland is well known to geologists as containing some of the thickest successions of Early Ordovician (485-470 Ma; Walker et al. 2012) sedimentary rocks in the world. The carbon stable isotope compositions (δ13C value) of similarly aged rocks have been reported for only very few places in the world (i.e.; Argentina; southern China; and southern France), and no such analyses have been performed on the Early Ordovician, organic-rich rocks of Ireland. Here we report the δ13C values of bulk organic material and organic isolates recovered from the Annascaul Formation of Southwestern Ireland. Members of the Annascaul Formation spanning the Early Ordovician were sampled at multiple sites within five localities on the Dingle Peninsula, County Kerry. Mean bulk organic δ13C values for the organic matter within rocks of the Farranacarriga, Tinal, Illaunglass, Bealacoon, and Killelton Members ranged from -8.7% (Farranacarriga) to -2.1% (Illaunglass); the average δ13C values of organics isolated from the Farranacarriga and Bealacoon Members were -9.0 and -8.4%^respectively. No statistical difference was observed between the δ13C value of isolates and the δ13C value of bulk sediment from which organics had been isolated (P-.85; Farranacarriga; n=; P=.81; Bealacoon; n=; paired t-test). The δ13C values we present here agree well with the previously published d13C values for Early Ordovician organic carbon (average=-.4; -5.4; -5.5%) from Argentina, southern China, and southern France (respectively). Our new data from the Annascaul Formation are ~3.3% higher than the average value reported for δ13C values of organic matter of marine origin for the same period, raising the possibility that terrestrial bryophytes (or other terrestrial photosynthesizers) contributed to these Early Ordovician sediments. Further equivocal evidence is provided by the abundant organic macerals found within the Farranacarriga Member with possible vitrinite origin. The δ13C values of palynomorphsized organic isolates from the Annascaul Formation reflect a marine origin for these organisms, consistent with their previous identification as acritarchs. Given the recognition of the earliest thalloid macrofossils and land-plant cryptospores in the Middle Ordovician sediments of the Appalachian basin (USA) and Argentina, respectively, our results highlight the EarlyMiddle Ordovician boundary as a potentially crucial time of terrestrial ecosystem expansion and development. © 2013 Royal Irish Academy.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84879418132,

title = {Evidence for shallow-water 'Upper Kellwasser' anoxia in the Frasnian-Famennian reefs of Alberta, Canada},

author = { D.P.G. Bond and M. Zatoń and P.B. Wignall and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879418132&doi=10.1111%2flet.12014&partnerID=40&md5=70d3011059f3579abe1f3445b42b5716},

doi = {10.1111/let.12014},

issn = {00241164},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Lethaia},

volume = {46},

number = {3},

pages = {355-368},

abstract = {The Frasnian-Famennian extinction witnessed the global devastation of both level-bottom and reef communities in low latitudes. Marine extinctions in offshore level-bottom communities are associated with two widespread, transgressive, anoxic 'Kellwasser Events' that support an anoxia-extinction link. Typical Kellwasser facies of bituminous limestones and shales are not obviously recorded in shallow-water settings, and thus, it is unclear whether anoxia played a role in reef losses. We evaluate geochemical, petrographic and facies evidence for oxygen restriction from an extremely shallow-water carbonate platform in Alberta. Sequence stratigraphy places the Frasnian-Famennian boundary at a sequence boundary that tops a laminated mudstone and interrupts carbonate platform deposition. Two transgressive pulses have been identified, one of which is associated with the second, major transgression of T-R cycle IId of the Devonian eustatic sea-level curve. Geochemical proxies indicate that these transgressions were accompanied by influx of dysoxic or anoxic waters. Organic carbon and U enrichment in the Frasnian, particularly just below the Frasnian-Famennian boundary, points to episodic dysoxic conditions that probably persisted into the basal Famennian and were coincidental with the global Upper Kellwasser Event. This study provides the first evidence for the smoking gun of an anoxia-driven extinction in very shallow waters, implicating this potent killer in the demise of the Devonian reefs. © 2013 The Lethaia Foundation.},

note = {39},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84877913365,

title = {Perylene as an indicator of conifer fossil wood degradation by wood-degrading fungi},

author = { L. Marynowski and J. Smolarek-Lach and A. Bechtel and M. Philippe and S. Kurkiewicz and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84877913365&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2013.04.006&partnerID=40&md5=58cc07d7de1af2c0aaaecf0e3fee090e},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.04.006},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {59},

pages = {143-151},

abstract = {The occurrence of perylene in Middle Jurassic fossil wood and Miocene xylites from Poland is described, along with its correlation with unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as cellulose content. Both Middle Jurassic and Miocene wood remnants were of relatively low maturity [ca. 0.2-0.3% vitrinite reflectance (Rr)], had excellent preservation of biomarkers and biomolecules and, in the case of the Middle Jurassic fossil wood samples, generally good preservation of anatomical structures due to early diagenetic mineralisation. The results from 42 Middle Jurassic and 8 Miocene (most taxonomically defined) fossil wood fragments demonstrated a negative correlation between the concentration of perylene and those of generally typical conifer biomarkers (e.g. cadalene; dehydroabietane; simonellite and retene). In addition, good correlation (R2 0.81) was observed between the ratio of perylene to the above conifer biomarkers and the ratio of PAHs (phenanthrene and fluoranthene and pyrene) to the conifer biomarkers. This implies that the high concentration of perylene in fossil wood indicate its extensive degradation during decay, transport and early diagenesis. We defined a conifer wood degradation index as:CWDI=perylene/(perylene+cadalene+retene+simonellite+dehydroabietane),and observed a wide range of values (0.001 for less degraded wood to 0.95 for highly degraded samples). Anatomical wood preservation was associated with CWDI values. In most of the samples characterised by poorly preserved anatomy, high CWDI values were observed, while anatomically well-preserved samples generally had lower CWDI values. We determined similar δ13C values for perylene from the fossil wood samples (-26.4% to -27.8%), whereas the values for the conifer biomarkers were slightly higher and varied from -25.6% to -26.6%. In contrast, pyrene was depleted in 13C (-27.5% to -28.2%). The carbon isotope values of perylene are consistent with an origin from wood-degrading fungi. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {72},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84874486176,

title = {Hydrothermal alteration of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area (South China)},

author = { A. Derkowski and T.F. Bristow and J.M. Wampler and J. Środoń and L. Marynowski and W.C. Elliott and C.P. Chamberlain},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874486176&doi=10.1016%2fj.gca.2013.01.015&partnerID=40&md5=6b537145c0d0a4fc53e34600c8b7eb34},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2013.01.015},

issn = {00167037},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {107},

pages = {279-298},

abstract = {The geochemical and fossil record preserved in the Ediacaran age (635-551. Ma) Doushantuo Formation of South China has been extensively examined to explore the impact of changing climate and the oxidation state of the oceans on the development and distribution of early multicellular life. In the Yangtze Gorges area, this formation shows many of the geochemical trends and features thought to typify global ocean chemistry in the Ediacaran Period, but there are indications that post-sedimentary processes modified these signals. This study of clay minerals and organic matter builds a more detailed picture of the type and degree of post-sedimentary alteration at different stratigraphic levels of the formation and focuses on how this alteration influenced stable carbon and oxygen isotope records.In the cratonward Jiulongwan and Huajipo sections of the Doushantuo Formation, its lower part (Members 1 and 2) consists largely of dolomitic shale, rich in authigenic saponite that crystallized in an alkaline sedimentary basin. Saponite has been altered to chlorite via corrensite across tens of meters of strata in lower Member 2, with increased alteration downward toward the cap dolostone. The greater chloritization is accompanied by lower δ18O and higher δD values of trioctahedral clays. This pattern of alteration of trioctahedral clays is likely due to hydrothermal fluid activity in the underlying, relatively permeable Nantuo Formation and cap dolostone. A concomitant increase of solid bitumen reflectance toward the base of the formation supports this idea. In the uppermost part of the formation in the Yangtze Gorges area (Member 4), a typical open water marine dolomitic shale rich in illite and organic matter, increases in the methylphenanthrenes ratio index and solid bitumen reflectance correlate with decrease of the bulk rock K/Al ratio upward, providing evidence for hot fluid migration above the nearly impermeable shale.Clay from the upper part of the formation is enriched in 18O, but not in D, relative to clay from the lower parts, indicating progressive 18O-enrichment of hydrothermal fluids that percolated upward and laterally through permeable 18O-rich carbonates. A maximum hydrothermal-alteration temperature of ∼200°C is estimated from a calibration curve for illitization during burial diagenesis, but given that the hydrothermal activity probably occurred in short pulses, the temperature could have been much higher. K-Ar ages are consistent across different size fractions of fine illite from Member 4 shale (∼430Ma) and from a K-bentonite bed near the base of Member 2 in the Jiuqunao section (∼325Ma), ∼25km from Jiulongwan and Huajipo. These age values show that the diagenetic illite of the Doushantuo Formation is a product of either deep burial diagenesis overprinted by spatially limited hydrothermal activity or of two localized hydrothermal events.Patterns of carbonate 13C and 18O depletion in the basal Doushantuo Formation are similar to chloritization trends and 18O variation in diagenetic clay minerals. Given independent evidence for 13C depletion of hydrothermal fluids, these trends indicate carbonate-fluid isotope exchange commensurate with the degree of post-sedimentary alteration, supporting a model of lithologically controlled differential diagenesis induced by hydrothermal fluids as the main control on C and O isotope variability in this stratigraphic interval. This model could potentially explain other notable δ13C excursions higher up in Member 3. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {32},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84873086158,

title = {The Werra cyclotheme (Upper Permian, Fore-Sudetic Monocline, Poland): Insights into fluctuations of the sedimentary environment from organic geochemical studies},

author = { B. Kluska and M.J. Rospondek and L. Marynowski and P. Schaeffer},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873086158&doi=10.1016%2fj.apgeochem.2012.09.010&partnerID=40&md5=9d4a9834c9d2a7c19b45a201e1253d6c},

doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.09.010},

issn = {08832927},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Applied Geochemistry},

volume = {29},

pages = {73-91},

abstract = {A study of the extracts of samples recording a transgressive-regressive succession of the Werra cyclothem, Zechstein (Upper Permian), from the southern margin of the European Permian Basin (the Fore-Sudetic Monocline; Poland) provides an insight into major sources of organic matter and diagenetic processes. The studied cross-section comprises all lithologies representative for the European basin, including transgressive sandstones (Weissliegend) and organic-rich shales (Kupferschiefer) followed by carbonates as well as regressive anhydrites with intercalations of rock salt. Due to the variable influence of overlapping diagenetic processes that affected the organic matter, i.e. maturation and late diagenetic oxidation related to base metal mineralisation, a reliable comparison of the biomarker results is only possible for the major upper part of the section (ca. 38. m; including carbonates and evaporites) but not for the oxidised first 2-3. m from the base of the Kupferschiefer.The transition from carbonate to evaporate sedimentation is associated with a shift to predominant even C-numbered n-alkanes, increased abundance of carotanes and high homohopane index reflecting enhanced reducing conditions. The presence of the C25 regular isoprenoid, squalane, biphytane and the rapid decrease in the pristane/phytane ratio in the evaporites are mainly controlled by the important contribution from both halophilic and methanogenic archaea. The occurrence of gammacerane in the anhydrites suggests development of water column stratification at some stages of the sea regression. This is associated with appearance of specific aryl isoprenoids with a lycopane carbon skeleton most likely related to Botrycoccus braunii race L algae. Lycopane derivative occurrence suggests that such an algal race could have occurred since Permian (currently known Recent-Eocene). The presence of the abundant freshwater/brackish algal biomarkers in evaporititic deposits can be envisaged in the costal part of the Zechstein basin with temporary salt wedge estuary water stratification. The algae bloomed in the top fertile fresh/brackish water layer fed by rivers, and the algal biomass was deposited on the sea floor covered with evaporitic brine. The stratification periodically broke down during precipitation of the rock salt, presumably due to a decrease in riverine water input, as revealed by characteristic disappearance of gammacerane and hopane distributions similar to those observed for the carbonate rocks.The methylphenanthrenes/phenanthrene ratio was used together with methyldibenzothiophenes/ dibenzothiophene ratio to assess maturity. These maturity estimations indicate that the peak of oil window has been reached, which is confirmed by other biomarker maturity parameters based on sterane and hopane distributions. The maturity stage of oil generation and expulsion was further confirmed by the presence of solid bitumen as cements in the sandstone underlying Kupferschiefer and bitumen veins and lenses in the carbonates. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84855269160,

title = {Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) encrusted oncoids from the Polish Jura, southern Poland},

author = { M. Zatoń and B. Kremer and L. Marynowski and M.A. Wilson and W. Krawczyński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855269160&doi=10.1007%2fs10347-011-0273-1&partnerID=40&md5=885e8084504da3df0857e80452ec08bb},

doi = {10.1007/s10347-011-0273-1},

issn = {01729179},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Facies},

volume = {58},

number = {1},

pages = {57-77},

abstract = {Oncoids from two localities (Ogrodzieniec and Blanowice) of the Polish Jura, southern Poland, have been investigated with respect to their genesis and paleoecology. These oncoids occur within Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) deposits. Those from Ogrodzieniec are large, elliptical, and embedded within a presumably condensed carbonate bed. Those from Blanowice, on the contrary, are significantly smaller, irregular to box-like in shape, and occur within the ore-bearing clays. The oncoids from both localities consist of a distinct carbonate core and laminated cortex that is significantly thicker and better preserved in the Ogrodzieniec oncoids. SEM and optical microscopic investigation of the oncoid cortices revealed the presence of carbonate and silicate layers with web-like structures similar to those occurring in recent cyanobacterial microbialites. Thus, the oncoid cortices investigated may have formed in a photic zone environment with the aid of coccoid and filamentous cyanobacteria. Oxic conditions prevailed during oncoid cortex formation within the siliciclastic setting, which is manifested by low total organic carbon content, high pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio, and significant predomination of the C 31 homohopanes. On the cortices' surfaces, as well as between particular laminae, various encrusting organisms have been found. The encrusters, dominated by serpulids and bryozoans, are cryptic species that inhabited the undersides and recesses of the oncoids. Their presence on both the upper and lower surfaces of the oncoids indicates that the oncoids were episodically overturned on the seafloor. The much better developed cortex lamination and much higher diversity and abundance of encrusters in the Ogrodzieniec oncoids may point to better trophic conditions prevailing in a shallower marine environment characterized by transparent waters, as opposed to a deeper siliciclastic environment with less transparent waters and probably worse trophic conditions prevailing during formation of the Blanowice oncoids. © 2011 The Author(s).},

note = {28},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84863496376,

title = {Deciphering the upper Famennian Hangenberg Black Shale depositional environments based on multi-proxy record},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Zatoń and M. Rakociński and P. Filipiak and S. Kurkiewicz and T.J. Pearce},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863496376&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2012.05.020&partnerID=40&md5=b15edf7b3f4c87cacd9a50f5d4253069},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.05.020},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {346-347},

pages = {66-86},

abstract = {Presented for the first time in this paper are the results of a detailed multi-proxy investigation conducted on the Hangenberg Black Shale (HBS) from the Polish part of the Laurussian Shelf, which provide details about the environmental conditions in existence during deposition of the shale and the role played by anoxic conditions in the mass extinction events that occurred at the end of the Devonian times. Inorganic and organic redox indicators indicate that bottom water redox conditions changed periodically from being mainly anoxic/euxinic to oxic or being partially depleted in oxygen. U/Th values above 1.25, Ni/Co values above 7 and V/(V. +. Ni) values above 0.8 recorded from the lower part of the HBS all point to anoxic/euxinic conditions being present, as do high total organic carbon contents (TOC) above 10% and degree of pyritisation (DOP) values around 0.75%. However, the presence of benthic fauna over the lower part of the HBS attests to opportunistic colonisation of the seafloor during oxic episodes. Evidence for similar episodes has also been recognised over the middle part of the HBS, e.g., U/Th values below 1.25, Ni/Co values below 4, V/(V. +. Ni) values below 0.8, TOC values of 3% to 5.5% and DOP values of 0.4% to 0.75%, plus the common occurrence of benthic fauna. Anoxic conditions returned during the deposition of the upper part of the HSB, though they were not as well developed as when the lower part of the shale was laid down.Of interest is the presence of small pyrite framboids and isorenieratene biomarkers in all the analysed samples, which suggest that euxinic conditions persisted in the photic zone of the water column. A twenty centimetre thick layer of volcanogenic deposits (tuffites) is present in the middle part of the HBS, the geochemical characteristics of which are typical of ocean floor basalts. The occurrence of volcanogenic material below and within the HBS, together with an absence of calcium carbonate over its upper part, the presence of abundant tetrads just above the black shale and a drastic decrease in faunal frequency in the upper part of the HBS imply that volcanism may have caused oceanic acidification (or hypercapnia) that in turn potentially may have influenced the Hangenberg mass extinction event. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {99},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84864354534,

title = {Low-temperature zircon growth related to hydrothermal alteration of siderite concretions in Mississippian shales, Scotland},

author = { M.J. Bojanowski and B. Bagiński and E.N.K. Clarkson and R. Macdonald and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864354534&doi=10.1007%2fs00410-012-0736-6&partnerID=40&md5=6e1d8a1d27cf62e37e851f5d1809a20b},

doi = {10.1007/s00410-012-0736-6},

issn = {00107999},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology},

volume = {164},

number = {2},

pages = {245-259},

abstract = {Zircon occurs in voids and cracks in phosphatic coprolites enclosed in siderite concretions in Mississippian shales near Edinburgh, Scotland. The zircon formed during hydrothermal alteration of early-diagenetic concretions and occurs as spherical aggregates of prismatic crystals, sometimes radiating. Vitrinite reflectance measurements indicate temperatures of ~270°C for the zircon-bearing concretions and the host shales. Molecular parameter values based on dibenzothiophene and phenanthrene distribution and occurrence of di- and tetra-hydro-products of polycyclic aromatic compounds suggest that the rocks experienced relatively high-temperature aqueous conditions related to hydrothermal fluids, perhaps associated with neighboring mafic intrusions. The zircon was dissolved from the concretions, transported in fluids, and reprecipitated in voids. This is the first record of the precipitation of authigenic zircon in sedimentary rock as a new phase, not as outgrowths. © 2012 The Author(s).},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84861676472,

title = {The organic and mineral matter contents in deposits infilling floodplain basins: Holocene alluviation record from the Kłodnica and Osobłoga river valleys, southern Poland},

author = { K.J. Wójcicki and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861676472&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2012.02.020&partnerID=40&md5=f1d10ebad3adf5b55f9958157f135893},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.02.020},

issn = {0169555X},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {159-160},

pages = {15-29},

abstract = {The work examines the timing and environmental conditions of floodplain sedimentation in the valleys of the upland Kłodnica and piedmont Osobłoga rivers in the Upper Odra River basin. A distribution of 52 14C-ages shows relatively high floodplain sedimentation at the Late Glacial-Holocene transition, more stable floodplain environments since the Early (in the Kłodnica Valley) and Middle Holocene (in the Osobłoga Valley) and a gradual increase in floodplain deposition in the Late Holocene (since <3.4kyr BP). Organic matter [OM] and mineral matter [MM] fluctuations were correlated with variables responsible for the activation of erosion (i.e. vegetation changes; human impact and hydrological events) as well as factors affecting the local record of sedimentation (i.e. valley morphology; hydrologic conditions and episodes of local erosion). A clear relationship is shown between an increase in alluviation and climate- or human-induced extension of unforested areas. The deposition of mineral-rich sediments increases rapidly during periods characterized by non-arboreal pollen values exceeding approximately 8% in pollen diagrams. On the other hand, the results obtained do not confirm significant interactions between Holocene changes in forest composition and alluviation. Despite the settlement of agrarian groups, the sedimentary record of human activity in the Osobłoga catchment is very poor during the Neolithic and early Bronze Age. A large-scale alluviation of the Osobłoga and Kłodnica valleys was initiated during the settlement of people of the Lusatian culture from the middle Bronze Age and escalated in the early Middle Ages and Modern Times. The deposition of products of soil erosion was limited to between ca. 1.9-1.2kyrBP, probably due to demographic regression during the Migration Period. Comparison of OM/MM fluctuations with phases of increased fluvial activity does not show a relationship between Holocene wetter phases and catchment sediment yield. Sedimentary episodes in the Upper Odra basin also show a low degree of correlation with the probability density curve of the 14C-ages. The results obtained in the Kłodnica and Osobłoga valleys indicate a strong to moderate correlation between the spatial distribution of the study sites and the origin of MM-rich deposits, but a weak correlation between the spatial distribution of the study sites and TOC content. Such a pattern suggests that OM/MM fluctuations relate predominantly to the changes in sediment yield, although morphological conditions have a significant impact on the capture potential of sedimentary basins during phases of alluviation. Additionally, high OM content is not a simple function of an increase in wetness of the sedimentary environment. On the other hand, hydrologically-conditioned hiatuses as well as erosion episodes impoverish the sedimentary record, complicating the consideration on the geochronology of deposits and making it difficult to calculate reliable accumulation rates. However, they do not reduce the value of OM/MM fluctuations as an indicator of alluviation events for a preserved series of sediments. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84859206689,

title = {Mesozoic wildfires: Distribution and importance for global events [Mezozoiczne pożary - Ich rozprzestrzenienie i znaczenie w trakcie zdarzeń globalnych]},

author = { L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84859206689&partnerID=40&md5=bc32190a496399fa7b52efe250816451},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {60},

number = {3},

pages = {148-154},

abstract = {The present paper summarizes the issues related with occurrence and distribution of wildfires in the Mesozoic. The main focus is put on occurrence of palaeowildfires during the Mesozoic global events, including Permian-Triassic (P/T), Triassic-Jurassic (T/J) and Cretaceous-Palaeogene (C/P) boundary. The other problems are connected with controversies over oxygene curve during Mesozoic, with special emphasis on Jurassic wildfires and theoretical predictions of low concentrations of atmospheric oxygene.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84856712340,

title = {Fluid circulation and formation of minerals and bitumens in the sedimentary rocks of the Outer Carpathians - Based on studies on the quartz-calcite-organic matter association},

author = { K. Jarmołowicz-Szulc and Ł. Karwowski and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856712340&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpetgeo.2011.11.010&partnerID=40&md5=0d387bc08fddcacb2b1b30289c3ebe88},

doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.11.010},

issn = {02648172},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},

volume = {32},

number = {1},

pages = {138-158},

abstract = {Different methods have been used to examine minerals and/or solid bitumens in three adjacent Carpathian regions of Poland, Ukraine and Slovakia. The minerals fill smaller and larger veins and cavities, where they occur either together or separately. They usually co-occur with the solid bitumens. All δ 13C PDB values measured for calcite lie in a relatively wide interval between-6.25‰ and+1.54‰, while most values fall into the narrower interval from below 0 to about-3‰. The general range of calcite δ 18O results for the whole studied region is between+17.13‰ and+25.23‰ VSMOW or from about-11 to-5‰ VPDB, while the majority of these values are between+20.0 and 23.5‰ VSMOW (-10.53 and-8.00‰ PDB; respectively). δ 18O VSMOW results for quartz vary between+23.2 and 27.6. The carbonate percentage determined in some samples falls between from <2% CaCO 3 to >90% CaCO 3, while the TOC values changes from 0.09% to over 70%.The aliphatic fraction predominates in all studied samples, mainly in bitumens and oils. The composition of the aliphatic fraction is relatively homogeneous and points to a strong aliphatic, oil-like paraffin character of the bitumens. Such a composition is characteristic of the Carpathian oils and different from the rocks studied that contain the higher percentage of a polar fraction. The content of the aliphatic fraction in bitumens is only slightly higher than that in two oils used for comparison. The distribution of n-alkanes is variable in rocks, solid bitumens as well as inclusions in quartz and calcite. Two groups of bitumens may be distinguished. Those with a predominance of long-chain n-alkanes in the C 25-C 27 interval (in some cases from C 23-C 25 and without or with a very low concentration of short-chain n-alkanes in the interval of C 14-C 21) show also a high content of isoprenoids i.e. of pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph). In all but one bitumen samples, Pr predominates over Ph. The second group comprises oilsand rock samples with a characteristic predominance of short-chain n-alkanes in the interval from C 13-C 19 and a low percentage of the long-chain n-alkanes from the n-C 27-n-C 33 interval. Pristane and phytane exhibit a concentration comparable to that of C 17 and C 18 n-alkanes with a Pr predominance over Ph. Due to high maturity, only small amounts of the most stable compounds from the hopane group have been observed in the samples, also oleanane in one case. Among the aromatic hydrocarbons, phenanthrene and its methyl- and dimethyl-derivatives are dominant in bitumens, source rocks and inclusions in calcite and quartz. Occurrence of cyclohexylbenzene and its alkyl-derivatives as well as cyclohexylfluorenes in solid bitumens suggest that they formed from oil accumulations under the influence of relatively high temperatures in oxidizing conditions.Homogenization temperatures for aqueous/brine inclusions in quartz within the Dukla and Silesian units (Polish and Ukrainian segments) are between 125 and 183.9°C, while salinities are low in the interval of 0.2-5.5wt% NaCleq. The inclusions in calcite homogenize at higher temperatures of almost 200°C and the brine displays higher salinity than the fluid in the quartz. Two quartz generations may be distinguished by inclusion and isotope characteristics and the macroscopic diversity. Oil inclusions homogenize at 95°C. One phase inclusions in quartz contain methane, CO 2 and nitrogen in variable proportions. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {20},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-80052295294,

title = {Effects of weathering on organic matter. Part II: Fossil wood weathering and implications for organic geochemical and petrographic studies.},

author = { L. Marynowski and E. Szełęg and M.O. Jędrysek and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052295294&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2011.06.017&partnerID=40&md5=2d8fab40809cd7465b8fcf2206c69cba},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.06.017},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {42},

number = {9},

pages = {1076-1088},

abstract = {Bulk geochemical, petrographical, mineralogical and molecular compositions of unweathered, weathered and transitional zones of a Middle Jurassic fossil wood were analyzed to trace changes caused by oxidative weathering of the immature terrestrial organic matter (OM). The occurrence of such zones was confirmed by the mineral composition, showing replacement of siderite and pyrite by goethite. Vitrinite reflectance analysis of weathered and unweathered fossil wood samples revealed that weathering elevated the vitrinite reflectance values by ca. 0.1%, which should be taken into account during modeling of low maturity terrestrial OM. In the weathered part of the wood, most of the biomarkers and biomolecules were totally removed or the concentration decreased significantly. The concentration of most of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) decreased by 50-80%, being >90% for the more reactive and less stable benzo[. a]pyrene and perylene. On the other hand, several aromatic compounds, like phenanthrene and its methyl derivatives, phenyl naphthalenes, fluoranthene and oxygen-containing aromatic compounds increased in concentration in the weathered zone. This results from processes such as formation of phenyl derivatives of PAHs and their cyclization, as well as aromatization of diterpenoids and incorporation of oxygen into aromatic structures. Weathering should always be considered in studies of fossilized terrestrial OM, especially in the case of thermal maturation modeling, because it significantly decreases the OM content and total sulfur content, changes vitrinite reflectance values and alters the extract composition as a result of organic compound degradation. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {40},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79960542165,

title = {Evaluation of the state of mineralogical sciences in Poland. Prz. Geol., 59: 469-473 [Ocena stanu nauk mineralogicznych w Polsce]},

author = { J. Janeczek and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960542165&partnerID=40&md5=7d6eb2b993cc1503a3c7e44d264f3212},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {59},

number = {6},

pages = {469-473},

abstract = {Results of a survey conducted recently by the Mineralogical Sciences Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences among Polish geochemists, mineralogists and penologists revealed a significant increase in a number of research articles published in ISI listed journals since the political and economic transformations in 1989 owing to the unrestricted international collaboration, better funding, unlimited access to worldwide journals and data bases and easier access to modern research equipment. Introduction of the so-called parametric evaluation of the performance of research institutions in Poland further motivates scientists to publish their papers in the most prestigious journals (category I and II on the ISI list). Relatively low impact of those articles measured by their low citation, especially by the low Hirsh index with the exception of a few authors whose papers are widely red, may have resulted from focusing on solving regional problems rather than tackling issues relevant to the whole scientific community. However, recently this trend has been reversed. The major obstacles in a more dynamic progress of Polish mineralogical sciences include limited access to modern equipment (there are only two electron microprobes in Poland available to mineralogists and none of ion microprobe) and unsatisfactory funding of research projects.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79957501031,

title = {Effects of weathering on organic matter: I. Changes in molecular composition of extractable organic compounds caused by paleoweathering of a Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) marine black shale},

author = { L. Marynowski and S. Kurkiewicz and M. Rakociński and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79957501031&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemgeo.2011.04.001&partnerID=40&md5=d3ba79849f23be8abeb9c9180a0b57de},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.04.001},

issn = {00092541},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {285},

number = {1-4},

pages = {144-156},

abstract = {A detailed bulk and molecular study on paleoweathering of a Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) black shale from the Kowala quarry in the Holy Cross Mountains of Poland, revealed significant changes in total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (TS) and extract compositions. Paleoweathering resulted in a 97% decrease in TOC and total loss of sulfur, as well as changes in carbonate contents, extract yields and percentage yields of the organic fractions. Pyrite framboids, which are used extensively in paleoecological studies, decreased considerably in the partially weathered zone and totally vanished in the weathered zone. The decrease in TOC is accompanied by a pronounced reduction of organic compound concentrations, but the degradation range differs in the individual weathering zones. Here we show that less stable compounds such as low molecular weight aromatics (e.g. methylnaphthalenes; dibenzofuran; and dibenzothiophene), isorenieratane and its diagenetic products, or maleimides decrease significantly or disappear already in the partially weathered zone, while the more stable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) decrease (~. 90%) only in the weathered and highly weathered zones. Besides the organic matter (OM) content, the influence of paleoweathering on the distributions of organic compounds is important in the context of paleoenvironment, source and maturity interpretations. Almost all sterane and triterpane biomarker parameters change their values in the highly weathered zone, but some ratios, e.g. the 2-MeH index, are almost totally resistant to change. The aryl isoprenoid ratio (AIR) values decrease gradually with weathering. This modifies completely the potential interpretation of the nature of the photic zone anoxia. In addition to degradation of OM, some PAHs like benzo[. b]fluoranthene increase in concentration in the partially weathered zone due to their formation from phenyl-derivatives. The correct recognition of paleoweathering in outcrop and drill core samples aids in the proper interpretation of biomarker parameters and contributes to a better understanding of the processes which took place during weathering. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {82},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79955581192,

title = {Molecular and petrographic indicators of redox conditions and bacterial communities after the F/F mass extinction (Kowala, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland)},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Rakociński and E. Borcuch and B. Kremer and B.A. Schubert and A.H. Jahren},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955581192&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2011.03.018&partnerID=40&md5=8ed5db8ec45df5f23b02be157d106027},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.018},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {306},

number = {1-2},

pages = {1-14},

abstract = {Pyrite framboid diameter analysis and organic geochemistry of the triangularis/crepida boundary section at Kowala (Holy Cross Mountains; Poland) imply suboxic to oxic and sporadically euxinic bottom waters during the Lower Famennian. In addition, morphological web-like structures typical for microbial mats, as well as the recognition of 2α-methylhopanes and monomethyl-alkane cyanobacteria biomarkers is evidenced of microbial activity after the global Frasnian/Famennian (F/F) extinction event. The presence of cyanobacterial mats also suggests suboxic to oxic environments and at the same time photic bottom water conditions. However, isorenieratane and its derivatives were detected in almost all samples. The presence of this well-known biomarker of green sulfur bacteria implies that euxinic conditions were present in the upper part of the water column at least intermittently or that temporal euxinia occurred in the water column. Presence of euxinic conditions is confirmed by the occurrence of small-sized pyrite framboids which were particularly dominant in the lower part of the section. The shift towards low δ13C values in both micritic limestones and in sedimentary organic matter seen at the beginning of the period of diminished photic zone, might reflect an influx of newly respired CO2 to surface waters, caused by enhanced respiration at depth after the F/F transition in the Checiny-Zbrza basin. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {51},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79952572882,

title = {Origin and paleoecology of Middle Jurassic hiatus concretions from Poland},

author = { M. Zatoń and S. Machocka and M.A. Wilson and L. Marynowski and P.D. Taylor},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79952572882&doi=10.1007%2fs10347-010-0244-y&partnerID=40&md5=db1981e08d18c976cf774bcd2f3442f4},

doi = {10.1007/s10347-010-0244-y},

issn = {01729179},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Facies},

volume = {57},

number = {2},

pages = {275-300},

abstract = {Bored and encrusted carbonate concretions, termed hiatus concretions, coming from the Middle Jurassic (Upper Bajocian and Bathonian) siliciclastics of the Polish Jura, south-central Poland, have been subjected to detailed paleoecological investigation for the first time. The concretions possess variable morphology and bear distinct traces of bioerosion and encrustation as a result of exhumation on the sea floor during intervals of low sedimentation and/or erosion. The borings are dominated by Gastrochaenolites and Entobia. Epilithozoans, represented by at least 26 taxa, are dominated by sabellid/serpulid worm tubes and bryozoans, while sponges and corals are minor. No relationship between the concretion size and the number of encrusters has been found, suggesting that concretion size was not the primary factor controlling diversity. Stable isotope analyses and the presence of crustacean scratch marks and Rhizocorallium traces on many of the hiatus concretions indicate that they formed just below the sediment-water interface, within the sulfate reduction zone. Moreover, crustacean activities may have been a prelude to their origin, as shapes of many concretions closely resemble thalassinoidean burrow systems. It is also possible that crustacean activity around the concretions promoted their exhumation by loosening the surrounding soft sediment. The presence of borings and encrusters on different concretion surfaces, as well as truncated borings and a number of abraded epilithozoans, indicate that after the concretions were exhumed they were repeatedly overturned and moved on the sea floor, probably due to episodic storm-related bottom currents in shallow subtidal environment. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.},

note = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79955744152,

title = {Organic-carbon content as an indicator of Holocene denudation in the Upper Odra River basin [Zawartość wȩgla organicznego w osadach dolinnych jako wskaźnik denudacji holoceńskiej w dorzeczu górnej Odry]},

author = { K.J. Wójcicki and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955744152&doi=10.7163%2fprzg.2011.1.1&partnerID=40&md5=726f505dd2d7e02207e0c70497243665},

doi = {10.7163/przg.2011.1.1},

issn = {00332143},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geograficzny},

volume = {83},

number = {1},

pages = {5-26},

publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78650613150,

title = {First multi-proxy record of Jurassic wildfires from Gondwana: Evidence from the Middle Jurassic of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina},

author = { L. Marynowski and A.C. Scott and M. Zatoń and H. Parent and A.C. Garrido},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650613150&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2010.10.041&partnerID=40&md5=57d2688738502e0334b9b2714a617eaa},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.041},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {299},

number = {1-2},

pages = {129-136},

abstract = {Wildfires play a crucial role in recent and ancient ecosystem modeling but their detailed history on the Earth is still not well recorded or understood. The co-occurrence of charcoal and pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is used for the recognition of wildfires in geological record that may have implications for the analysis of the terrestrial environment, ecosystems, climate and the level of atmospheric oxygen. Here we present the first multi-proxy evidence of wildfires on the Gondwana continent during the Jurassic, based on the occurrence of charcoal and pyrolytic PAHs in the Middle Jurassic of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina. This is the first evidence of wildfire in the Aalenian, the lowest stage of the Middle Jurassic, and one of the few records of wildfires in the Bathonian. Temperature interpretations, derived from charcoal reflectance data, show that charcoals formed in low temperature surface fires that only sporadically reached the higher temperatures, possibly related to crown fires. The occurrence of charcoals in the Middle Jurassic deposits confirms recent results that the atmospheric oxygen level reached at least 15% during the Middle Jurassic times. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {40},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78650936020,

title = {New constraints on the middle Palaeozoic to Cenozoic burial and thermal history of the Holy Cross Mts. (central Poland): Results from numerical modelling},

author = { M. Narkiewicz and M. Resak and R. Littke and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650936020&doi=10.1344%2f105.000001529&partnerID=40&md5=cd1de631fa06514b448b382ed982904b},

doi = {10.1344/105.000001529},

issn = {16956133},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Geologica Acta},

volume = {8},

number = {2},

pages = {189-205},

abstract = {A 1-D burial-thermal modelling was performed using data from two borehole sections representative of the central part of the Holy Cross Mts. area. This area is located in the axial part of the Permian-Mesozoic Mid-Polish Trough that was inverted during the latest Cretaceous-Paleocene. The modelling involved different variants of restored stratigraphy of eroded Carboniferous to Cretaceous strata, whereas calibration was based on samples from cored Middle-Upper Devonian sediments. The modelling results are consistent with the assumption of a Variscan (Carboniferous-Early Permian) heat flow elevated up to 80 mWm-2, which is further confirmed by independent regional evidence. The zone of increased thermal maturity in the Devonian may be partly accounted for by a thicker Carboniferous section (by ca. 500 m) compared to previous estimates. Two variants of the post-Carboniferous geohistory were analysed. The variant of a thinner Permian-Mesozoic section, implying lower magnitude of the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene inversion, allows more realistic assumptions regarding heat flow distribution through time, including the possibility to incorporate an elevated Variscan heat flow. The alternative scenario, assuming deeper burial, generally lower heat flow and smaller Carboniferous thickness, is regarded as less probable. The accepted variant of the Permian-Mesozoic burial history implies that the total post-Carboniferous burial in the study area was on the order of 2000-2500 metres rather than 3000-3500 metres. The respective Upper Cretaceous thickness could have been 400 to 500 m instead of ca. 1000 m, whereas the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene inversion more likely started in the Santonian than in the late Maastrichtian. Consequently, the preferred magnitude of total inversion was on the order of 2500 m.},

note = {26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78049295128,

title = {Anoxic Annulata Events in the Late Famennian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Southern Poland): Geochemical and palaeontological record},

author = { M. Racka and L. Marynowski and P. Filipiak and M. Sobstel and A. Pisarzowska and D.P.G. Bond},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78049295128&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2010.08.028&partnerID=40&md5=fcb3ad45aef12de86a4c3e38b78d86f7},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.08.028},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {297},

number = {3-4},

pages = {549-575},

abstract = {The Upper Famennian Annulata Black Shales are exposed in the deep-shelf successions of the famous Kowala Quarry and the Ściegnia outcrop in the Holy Cross Mountains, Southern Poland. At Kowala, the twin Annulata anoxic events are manifest as two organic-rich (TOC up to 23. wt.%), finely laminated, fossiliferous black shales, each up to 0.6. m thick, separated by marl and massive or nodular limestone layers. The bituminous interval is condensed in the Ściegnia outcrop to a single 10. cm thick horizon. In both sections, the ABS levels date to the upper part of the Upper Palmatolepis trachytera conodont Zone, corresponding to the Diducites versabilis-. Grandispora famenensis miospore Zone. The Annulata Events are marked by a flourishing pelagic biota (the opportunistic bivalve Guerichia venusta; platyclymenids; the goniatite Erfoudites; entomozoacean ostracods; and prasinophyte algae). The initial phase of anoxia saw a bloom of specialized conodont fauna, mostly deep-water outer-shelf palmatolepids such as Palmatolepis glabra lepta, before the second anoxic pulse caused a significant crisis amongst this community. Isorenieratane and gammacerane biomarkers indicate the development of photic zone anoxia during both phases. Degree of Pyritisation (DOP) values (estimated from the TOC-TS-Fe diagram) and the uranium-thorium proxies, as well as trace metals enrichments suggest that bottom-water conditions became dysoxic during deposition of the Lower ABS, while the more distinctly transgressive Upper ABS records anoxic/euxinic deposition during the later Event. When combined with the framboid data, however, unstable anoxia punctuated by short-term oxygenation events are assumed especially for the initial ABS phase, a crucial factor for effective nutrient recirculation from bottom waters to the photic zone and consequent phytoplankton blooming. This organic-rich level is easily identified amongst the background Upper Famennian rhythmic limestone-shaly succession, which was deposited under dysoxic to oxic conditions, with episodic anoxia developing only in the water column. Other well-known Late Devonian anoxic/high productivity episodes, recorded in the Dasberg, Kowala and Hangenberg black shales, also might partly to follow interglacial deepening pulses. These deepenings episodically reversed the overall regressive trend that resulted from a stepwise long-term climate change towards the end-Devonian Gondwanan glaciation. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {63},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77954863016,

title = {Organic matter from the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) deposits of Lithuania: Compositions, sources and depositional environments},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Zatoń},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954863016&doi=10.1016%2fj.apgeochem.2010.04.002&partnerID=40&md5=39416a9ca723cd370bae76c82413951a},

doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.04.002},

issn = {08832927},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Applied Geochemistry},

volume = {25},

number = {7},

pages = {933-946},

abstract = {This study presents the first organic geochemical and petrographical investigation of the Callovian deposits of the eastern part of the Central European Basin. It is shown that in both the terrigenous Papilė Formation (Lower Callovian) and shallow- to deeper-marine facies of the Papartinė and Skinija formations (Middle and Upper Callovian; respectively), terrestrial organic matter predominates. This is reflected by the carbon preference index values higher than 1.2 for all samples and in some cases higher than 2, as well as the occurrence of characteristic higher plant biomarkers like cadalene, dehydroabietane, simonellite and retene. Moreover, in the case of the Papilė Formation, sugiol - a natural product terpenoid produced by distinct conifer families, has been detected in clay sediments. The occurrence of such a biomolecule in the Middle Jurassic clays is reported for the first time. Its occurrence is probably connected with the presence of small wood debris in the clay sediments. In samples of the Papilė Formation, charcoal fragments co-occurring with unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected, indicating that wildfires took place during the Early Callovian of Lithuania and/or neighbouring areas. In the Middle and Upper marine Callovian sediments of Lithuania there is no evidence of anoxic conditions occurring in the water column. However, periodic anoxic or strongly dysoxic episodes may have occurred, most probably below the photic zone, during the deepest phase of the Late Callovian transgression, as is evidenced from pyrite framboid diameter distribution and general impoverishment of benthic fauna. Huminite reflectance (Rr) values for the investigated area are in the range of 0.21-0.31%, suggesting the occurrence of immature organic matter. Such values indicate that these investigated deposits were close to the surface during their whole diagenetic history, and the thickness of younger cover did not exceed ca. 500m. This is also supported by a biomarker analysis in which less thermally stable ββ-hopanes and hopenes significantly dominated. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77953613406,

title = {Geochemical and palynological study of the Upper Famennian Dasberg event horizon from the Holy Cross Mountains (central Poland)},

author = { L. Marynowski and P. Filipiak and M. Zatoń},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953613406&doi=10.1017%2fS0016756809990835&partnerID=40&md5=1fffb5b9dca7cc6fa747993a87431b7b},

doi = {10.1017/S0016756809990835},

issn = {00167568},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Geological Magazine},

volume = {147},

number = {4},

pages = {527-550},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {Integrated palynological, organic and inorganic geochemical and petrographical methods have been used for deciphering the depositional redox conditions and character of organic matter of the Famennian Dasberg event horizon from the deep-shelf Kowala succession of the Holy Cross Mountains. The ages of the investigated samples have been established, using miospore data, as VF (Diducites versabilis-Grandispora famenensis) and LV (Retispora lepidophyta-Apiculiretusispora verrucosa) miospore Zones of the Middle/Upper Famennian. In the standard conodont zonation, this corresponds to the uppermost postera to lowermost praesulcata Zones. The presence of green sulphur bacteria biomarkers and dominance of small-sized framboids together with the presence of large framboids and low values of the U/Th ratio may indicate that during sedimentation of the lower Dasberg shale, intermittent anoxia occurred in the water column, or the anoxic conditions prevailed in the upper part of the water column, while the bottom waters were oxygenated, at least briefly. Deposition of the upper Dasberg shale was characterized by both bottom water and water column anoxia. The lack of acritarcha taxa from these intervals could have been due to anoxia in the photic zone. Moreover, organic content is high in those samples. There is no geochemical evidence for anoxia during sedimentation of the deposits sandwiched between the lower and upper Dasberg shales, or in the deposits which underlie and overlie both Dasberg shale horizons. The two discrete anoxic events are interpreted to be the result of major transgressions and the blooming of primary producers. Above the Dasberg shales, small fragments of charcoal and raised concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are detected. This supports the presence of wildfires during deposition of shales just above the boundary of VF/LV palynological zones. Temperatures calculated from the fusinite reflectance values suggest that the charcoal was formed in low-temperature ground and/or surface fires. The typical marine character of sedimentation combined with the high proportion of charcoals suggests that wildfires were large-scale, and that there was intensive transport of terrestrial material. The main causes of intensive wildfires were a significant rise of O2 in the atmosphere and important progress in the land plant diversity during Late Devonian times. Palynofacies studies suggest that the transgression corresponds to the part IIf of the Late Devonian sea-level curve. © Cambridge University Press 2010.},

note = {46},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-70450215204,

title = {Widespread upper triassic to lower jurassic wildfire records from poland: Evidence from charcoal and pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons},

author = { L. Marynowski and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70450215204&doi=10.2110%2fpalo.2009.p09-044r&partnerID=40&md5=ce2599195563922c92cdcf213177ee2b},

doi = {10.2110/palo.2009.p09-044r},

issn = {08831351},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Palaios},

volume = {24},

number = {12},

pages = {785-798},

abstract = {Laboratory tests indicate that 15 O2, instead of 12, is required for the propagation of a widespread forest fire, a 3 increase from what was previously assumed. The presence of widespread wildfire records in the Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic of Central Europe suggests that the lower limit for O2 during this time was at least 15. Wildfire records are based on the co-occurrence of charcoal fragments and elevated concentrations of pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In all samples charcoal fragments are large to medium-sized and angular, suggesting that they were transported by rivers only short distances after charcoalification. Calculated combustion temperatures vary with stratigraphic position and average 295377 °C, which is characteristic for ground or near-surface wildfires. The most extensive wildfires occurred in the earliest Jurassic and their intensities successively decreased with time. Average concentrations of the sum of pyrolytic PAHs for the lowermost Jurassic Zagaje Formation reached ∼1253 g/g total organic carbon (TOC), whereas for the Upper TriassicLower Jurassic Skloby Formation they did not exceed ∼16 g/g TOC. Charcoal-bearing sequences were also characterized by the presence of phenyl-PAHs (Ph-PAHs) and oxygen-containing aromatic compounds. The dominance of the more stable Ph-PAH isomers in these immature to low-maturity sedimentary rocks supports their pyrolytic origin. The oxygenated PAHs may also be derived from combustion processes. © 2009 SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).},

note = {132},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-68749092895,

title = {Novel aryl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Phenylphenanthrene and phenylanthracene identification, occurrence and distribution in sedimentary rocks},

author = { M.J. Rospondek and L. Marynowski and A. Chachaj and M. Góra},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-68749092895&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2009.06.001&partnerID=40&md5=988bfcf8b3a3a1fa5b121ba0fce577ba},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.06.001},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {40},

number = {9},

pages = {986-1004},

abstract = {Numerous reports have recognised the presence of compounds with molecular weight 254 a.m.u. in aromatic fractions. However, their unequivocal identification has not been achieved due to a lack of reference substances. In geological samples, such m/z 254 compounds could potentially be represented by a number of structural isomers of binaphthyl, phenylphenanthrene, phenylanthracene and indenofluorene with each compound type possessing several positional isomers. In this work, all these m/z 254 compounds, with the exception of the tentatively recognised indenofluorenes, have been unequivocally identified in sedimentary rocks for the first time. Comparison of the mass spectra and the gas chromatography (GC) retention times of synthesised standards with the natural compounds in rocks shows that the major components of aromatic fractions are phenylphenanthrene isomers and, to a lesser extent, binaphthyls and 9-phenylanthracene. The elution sequence expressed as standard retention indices of all these m/z 254 isomers were determined by using high resolution capillary GC with three stationary phases: 5%, 35% and 50% (mole fraction) phenyl substituted methylpolysiloxane on HP-5MS, DB-35MS and DB-17MS columns, respectively. A survey of more than 350 sedimentary rock samples of varying origins and maturity (Rr 0.3-1.4%) reveals that relative abundances of the m/z 254 isomers depend on the maturity of the organic matter. The isomers initially appear at the onset of oil generation (Rr > 0.5%) exclusively in diagenetically/catagenetically oxidised samples containing varying proportions of Types II and III kerogen. Interestingly, all five possible positional phenylphenanthrene isomers (including the most sterically hindered isomer 4-phenylphenanthrene) are present from the beginning of the oil generation window. Such a distribution suggests that low-regioselectivity reactions are likely to be involved in the formation. Interaction, during maturation, of phenyl radicals from primary cracking with aromatic moieties of more resistant terrigenic components of kerogen in an oxidising diagenetic realm is postulated to be responsible for the neoformation of phenylated aromatics in geological samples. Up to the final stages of oil generation, the evolution of the phenyl PAH distributions presumably involve 1,2-phenyl shift reactions and cyclisation, if allowed by the molecular geometry. A near thermodynamically-controlled distribution, with only 3- and 2-phenylphenanthrene and minor 2,2′-binaphthyl remaining, is approached when vitrinite reflectance reaches 1.2% (Rr). The three compounds seem to be persistent beyond the oil window as is suggested by their presence in hydrothermal oil formed at T > 300 °C. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {36},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-63149143198,

title = {Levoglucosan and other cellulose and lignin markers in emissions from burning of Miocene lignites},

author = { D. Fabbri and C. Torri and B.R.T. Simoneit and L. Marynowski and A.I. Rushdi and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-63149143198&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2009.01.030&partnerID=40&md5=3d7b2e2148ea4b4ef02fe936889f4e0c},

doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.030},

issn = {13522310},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Atmospheric Environment},

volume = {43},

number = {14},

pages = {2286-2295},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Levoglucosan (L), mannosan (M), galactosan (G) and other cellulose and lignin markers from burn tests of Miocene lignites of Poland were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to assess their distributions and concentrations in the smoke. Their distributions were compared to those in the pyrolysis products of the lignites. Levoglucosan and other anhydrosaccharides are products from the thermal degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose and are commonly used as tracers for wood smoke in the atmosphere. Here we report emission factors of levoglucosan in smoke particulate matter from burning of lignite varying from 713 to 2154 mg kg-1, which are similar to those from burning of extant plant biomass. Solvent extracts of the lignites revealed trace concentrations of native levoglucosan (0.52-3.7 mg kg-1), while pyrolysis yielded much higher levels (1.6-3.5 × 104 mg kg-1), indicating that essentially all levoglucosan in particulate matter of lignite smoke is derived from cellulose degradation. The results demonstrate that burning of lignites is an additional input of levoglucosan to the atmosphere in regions where brown coal is utilized as a domestic fuel. Interestingly, galactosan, another tracer from biomass burning, is not emitted in lignite smoke and mannosan is emitted at relatively low concentrations, ranging from 7.8 to 70.5 mg kg-1. Thus, we propose L/M and L/(M + G) ratios as discriminators between products from combustion of lignites and extant biomass. In addition, other compounds, such as shonanin, belonging to lignans, and some saccharides, e.g., α- and β-glucose and cellobiose, are reported for the first time in extracts of bulk lignites and of smoke particulate matter from burning these lignites. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {159},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-58949084608,

title = {Redox conditions during sedimentation of the Middle Jurassic (Upper Bajocian-Bathonian) clays of the Polish Jura (south-central Poland)},

author = { M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski and P. Szczepanik and D.P.G. Bond and P.B. Wignall},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58949084608&doi=10.1007%2fs10347-008-0159-z&partnerID=40&md5=9c8cf6a16bf80921337cd2d75125ec29},

doi = {10.1007/s10347-008-0159-z},

issn = {01729179},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Facies},

volume = {55},

number = {1},

pages = {103-114},

abstract = {Depositional redox conditions of the uppermost Bajocian-Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays of the Gnaszyn/Kawodrza area in the Polish Jura have been determined using an integrated geochemical (Th/U and U/Th ratios; degree of pyritisation (DOP); sulphur stable isotopes; biomarker analysis) and petrographic approach (measurements of pyrite framboid diameters; and microfacies analysis). The Th/U and U/Th ratios indicate that oxic conditions prevailed on the sea-floor during this interval, and 34S isotopes suggest open-system conditions. DOP values, however, are rather scattered, and may reflect oxic, dysoxic, or anoxic conditions. We consider that the DOP values result from reducing conditions within the sediment and the chemistry of the pore-waters, rather than true sea-floor redox conditions. Pyrite framboid populations also indicate that dysoxic conditions prevailed within the sediment, beneath an oxygenated water column. Biomarker data did not provide any evidence of water column stratification or anoxia during sedimentation of the Middle Jurassic clays. © Springer-Verlag 2008.},

note = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-54849414620,

title = {Organic geochemistry and palynofacies of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition (Late Devonian) of the Holy Cross Mountains, Southern Poland},

author = { L. Marynowski and P. Filipiak and A. Pisarzowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-54849414620&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2008.04.033&partnerID=40&md5=082203c06887dfd4c2199fc4fe03f662},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.04.033},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {269},

number = {3-4},

pages = {152-165},

abstract = {Geochemical and palynological investigation of the Lower to Middle Frasnian reef-to-basin succession at the well-known Kowala Quarry (Holy Cross Mountains) demonstrates the variable character of organic matter (OM) deposited in different oxidative-reductive conditions. During sedimentation of the basinal deposits, anoxic conditions in the water column prevailed. In the organic-rich sediments deposited during the Palmatolepis punctata Zone (set D), anoxia occurred in the photic zone, as inferred from the presence of isorenieratane, aryl isoprenoids and gammacerane. In the same kind of deposits, but occurring during the Palmatolepis hassi Zone (set F), anoxia apparently occurred mainly in the deeper parts of the basin and only sporadically reached the photic zone. This interpretation is based on the lack of isorenieratane, traces of aryl isoprenoids and the presence of gammacerane in the investigated samples. The basinal clay-enriched sediments of sets D and F are divided by an organic-poor set E, typical for the carbonate platform (fore-reef) environment characterized by oxic conditions. A palynostratigraphical study of the Frasnian section from the Kowala Quarry allowed recognition of two miospore zones: Geminospora semilucensa-Perotrilites donensis (SD) and Archaeoperisaccus ovalis-Verrucosisporites grumosus (OG). Relatively small quantitative and qualitative changes of the organic particles (miospores; tracheids; prasinophytes and acritarchs) are interpreted primarily in terms of sea-level fluctuations and enhanced productivity. In particular, the appearance of abundant, abnormally large mature leiospheres in set D can be the result of progressive eutrophication, related to environmental changes recorded in the recently detected major positive carbon isotope anomaly. As during the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction interval, this eutrophication could have been stimulated by a rapid increase in primary production and subsequently expanding anoxic conditions, but it is evident only in the early phase of the Middle Frasnian δ13C excursion. The processes of the secondary hydrothermal fluid migration, taking place after the lithification of the sediments, caused partial OM oxidation. The products of these processes are such phenyl derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons as phenylphenanthrenes, terphenyls, phenyldibenzothiophenes and phenyldibenzofurans. Moreover, an oxygen compound rarely described from sedimentary OM, dibenzo-p-dioxin and its methyl- and dimethyl-derivatives, seems to be the additional product of hydrothermal OM oxidation. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-58149526917,

title = {Hypericinoid pigments in millericrinids from the lower Kimmeridgian of the holy cross mountains (Poland)},

author = { K. Wolkenstein and E. Głuchowski and J.H. Gross and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149526917&doi=10.2110%2fpalo.2008.p08-021r&partnerID=40&md5=1eed73c9554f68b2f6f4e4b275d1dc97},

doi = {10.2110/palo.2008.p08-021r},

issn = {08831351},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Palaios},

volume = {23},

number = {11-12},

pages = {773-777},

abstract = {Purple to violet colored millericrinids (Crinoidea) are described from the lower Kimmeridgian of the Małogoszcz quarry, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. By chemical analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, the organic compounds were characterized as a homologous series of hypericinoid pigments ranging from C28 H12O8 (fringelite F) to C36 H28O8. The results indicate that hypericinoid pigments were more widespread in millericrinids than previously known. The presence of new hypericin derivatives in the fossil crinoids with characteristic alkyl side chains shows that Mesozoic hypericinoid pigments were closely related to recent crinoidal pigments. Copyright © 2008, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-50249104354,

title = {Organic geochemical evidences of early-diagenetic oxidation of the terrestrial organic matter during the Triassic arid and semi arid climatic conditions},

author = { L. Marynowski and P. Wyszomirski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-50249104354&doi=10.1016%2fj.apgeochem.2008.05.011&partnerID=40&md5=adb2a69b3898ac8cc783ac565cb827cb},

doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.05.011},

issn = {08832927},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Applied Geochemistry},

volume = {23},

number = {9},

pages = {2612-2618},

abstract = {The molecular character of organic matter (OM) present in Triassic clays of the Upper Silesia Basin and NW border of the Holy Cross Mountains was determined using GC-MS analysis. Oxidation processes were the major cause of the main changes of extractable OM molecular composition during sedimentation and early diagenesis of the Triassic clays. They resulted in a very significant decrease in the OM content of the clays and transformation of n-alkanes, triterpanes and steranes. Despite the changes in biomarker composition resulting from the disappearance of unsaturated and ββ hopanes and dominance of αβ and βα hopanes as well as preponderance of αββ over ααα steranes, the aromatic ketones were identified. Such PACs as benzophenone, fluorenone, cyclopenta(def)phenanthrenone, antracenone and benzanthrone were among the compounds identified in the red clays. These commonly originate during oxidation of sedimentary organic matter. Moreover, the aromatic fraction is characterized by the presence of phenyl derivatives (phenylnaphthalenes; terphenyls; phenyldibenzofurans and phenylphenanthrenes) that are also products of the abiotic oxidation of organic matter. Periods of terrestrial sedimentation have been interrupted by long phases of OM weathering and oxidation during arid conditions, and OM might only have survived without significant oxidation changes when the sedimentation was fast and/or long-lasting. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-42149099933,

title = {Levoglucosan and other cellulose markers in pyrolysates of miocene lignites: Geochemical and environmental implications},

author = { D. Fabbri and L. Marynowski and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Zatoń and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-42149099933&doi=10.1021%2fes7021472&partnerID=40&md5=72336afc7837804d189a264884ae310b},

doi = {10.1021/es7021472},

issn = {0013936X},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},

volume = {42},

number = {8},

pages = {2957-2963},

abstract = {Using the pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and off-line pyrolysis/silylation methods for lignites from three Miocene brown coal basins of Poland resulted in the characterization of many organic compounds, including dominant cellulose degradation products such as levoglucosan, 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucofuranose, and 1,4:3,6-dianhydroglucopyranose. Levoglucosan is a general source-specific tracer for wood smoke in the atmosphere and recent sediments. The presence of unusually high levels of this compound in brown coal pyrolysates suggests that a portion of this compound concentration in some airsheds may originate from lignite combustion. On the other hand, nonglucose anhydrosaccharides, in particular, mannosan and galactosan, typical of hemicellulose, are not detected in those lignite pyrolysates investigated. This indicates that mannosan and galactosan are better specific tracers for combustion of contemporary biomass in those regions were the utilization of brown coals containing fossilized cellulose is important. © 2008 American Chemical Society.},

note = {57},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-41649097994,

title = {Pyrite framboids as paleoenvironmental indicators [Framboidy pirytowe jako wskaźniki paleośrodowiska]},

author = { M. Zatoń and M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-41649097994&partnerID=40&md5=47625c50880d700eb2d569ee446dbb5b},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {56},

number = {2},

pages = {158-164},

abstract = {The problem of application of pyrite framboids in reconstructions of the redox conditions is presented. The characteristics of pyrite framboids, their origin and principles of application in paleoenvironmental interpretations are given. The pyrite framboid diameter distribution as indicators of redox conditions was presented on the examples of the Middle Jurassic (Upper Bajocian-Lower Bathonian) ore-bearing clays of the Polish Jura, and Upper Devonian (Middle and Upper Famennian) dark grey and black shales from Kowala (Holy Cross Mountains). It has been shown, that during the sedimentation of the ore-bearing clays, the pyrite framboids formed in the sediment, below the oxic water column; however, some episodic oscillation around the dysoxic conditions cannot be entirely excluded. During the sedimentation of the Middle Famennian dark grey shales, the redox conditions at the sea-floor oscillated around dysoxia. In both examples, the framboids are characterized by wide range of their diameters and the presence of large, > 10 μm, framboids. On the contrary, the Upper Famennian black shales, representing the Hangenberg event, were deposited below the euxinic conditions in the water column. It is indicated by a high frequency of small-size framboids, far below 6 μm in diameter, and the lack of the large ones. The overlying shales, on the other hand, show the transition to more oxic conditions. The redox conditions interpreted above are in agreement with the independent biomarker analyses and paleontological observations.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84962394021,

title = {Comparison of phenyldibenzothiophene distributions predicted from molecular modelling with relevant experimental and geological data},

author = { M.J. Rospondek and M. Szczerba and K. Malek and M. Góra and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962394021&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2008.06.012&partnerID=40&md5=4b3d05dfd3a818565ef86524432fa2d6},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.06.012},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {39},

number = {12},

pages = {1800-1815},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Evaluation of the relative thermodynamic stabilities of phenyldibenzothiophenes, by means of molecular modelling, has led to the prediction of their equilibrium mixture composition. The calculated equilibrium composition shifts towards that obtained in a laboratory maturation experiment and encountered in mature geological samples (mean vitrinite reflectance Rr ≳ 1.2%). Close inspection of a suite of samples, having in common hydrothermal oxidation of organic matter, but varying in maturity, suggests that phenyldibenzothiophenes can isomerise and also cyclise to triphenyleno[1;12-bcd]thiophene. Both reactions are thermodynamically possible as a result of the relative decrease in enthalpy along the reaction paths and the resulting competition for the precursor 1-phenyldibenzothiophene. Changes in the phenyldibenzothiophene positional isomer distributions from kinetically to thermodynamically controlled mixtures are likely to be achieved with an acid catalysed 1,2-phenyl shift, as suggested from our maturation experiment. To validate this hypothesis, ab initio quantum chemical calculations (DFT) were performed, leading to the localisation of potential transition states as well as the determination of activation energies in gas phase and aqueous solution. The isomerisation barriers are significantly lowered by acid catalysis. They are in the range from ΔE(aq) 20.5 to 28.7 kcal/mol, consistent with the early beginning of the isomerisation observed for our samples. With increasing maturity, 1-PhDBT decays rapidly. At very advanced maturity stages the process is often accompanied by the appearance of triphenyleno[1;12-bcd]thiophene, suggesting its simultaneous formation by cyclisation/oxidation. The oxidation is most likely associated in nature via thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The modelling of such a reaction with thiosulfates yielded an energy barrier ΔE(aq) of ca. 64.7 kcal/mol, only when the initial step involved protonation. This energy seems relevant to very advanced stages of diagenesis/catagenesis. The modelled barrier can be lowered by 2-3 kcal/mol at significantly elevated fluid temperatures as a result of changes in the physical properties of water. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-42549158470,

title = {Early diagenetic conditions during formation of the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) carbonate concretions from Łuków (eastern Poland): Evidence from organic geochemistry, pyrite framboid diameters and petrographic study},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Zatoń and Ł. Karwowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-42549158470&doi=10.1127%2f0077-7749%2f2008%2f0247-0191&partnerID=40&md5=f83a9bf15a6c9aa77e58d7d061c00e64},

doi = {10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0247-0191},

issn = {00777749},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Abhandlungen},

volume = {247},

number = {2},

pages = {191-208},

publisher = {Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung},

abstract = {The Callovian (Middle Jurassic) fossiliferous carbonate concretions from the clay-pit at Luków, eastern Poland, have been analysed using organic geochemistry, petrography and pyrite framboid size distribution in order to retrieve information about early diagenetic conditions during clay sedimentation. Additionally, a fossil wood sample was also analysed. The carbonate concretions are formed almost entirely by fine-grained, pure calcite. Other main minerals occurring in the concretions are quartz, feldspars and bright mica with features of muscovite. The clay fraction obtained from the concretions are mainly composed of quartz, but also contains pyrite, muscovite, mid-order kaolinite and chlorite with an admixture of a mix-layered structure. Small admixtures of siderite, ankerite, rutile and feldspars were also detected. The most plausible source of the terrigenous phases occurring in the concretions investigated is the Fennoscandian Shield, where sodic magmatic and metamorphic rocks are common. In the fossil wood, the main mineral phase is calcite, which fills the wood-cells. Fluoroapatite also occurs, but is generally confined to the margins of the cells. The other phase detected is pyrite, which may also fill the cell interiors and replace the cell walls. The Callovian organic matter (OM) from Łuków is immature. The vitrinite reflectance (Rr) of the analysed concretion samples ranges from 0.45 to 0.54 %, and is higher than from the fossil wood (Rr = 0.33 %). Moreover, the concretion samples contain hopanoids with biological configurations, such as ββ-hopanes and hop-17(21)-enes and characterized by low values of ββ/(αβ + βα)-hopane and 31S/(S+R) homohopane biomarker parameters. The occurrence of acyclic ketones with odd over even carbon number predominance in the concretions studied, suggests intensive microbial degradation of OM. The pyrite framboid size distribution does not indicate euxinic or anoxic conditions in the water column and the sea-floor. Although small-sized framboids (< 5 μm), which may form during euxinic conditions in the water column, occur in all samples investigated, the mean sizes of framboids in all samples are well above 6 μm and large framboids (up to 29 μm) are also present. Their size distribution points to the lower dysoxic conditions at most, because during such conditions the mean values of framboid sizes begins to increase and larger framboids (> 10 μm) are present. The oxic to suboxic depositional conditions during OM sedimentation are also confirmed by low concentrations or absence of C33-C35 homohopanes, moderate Pr/Ph values and no organic compounds characteristic of anoxia and water column stratification. ©2008 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-42549118064,

title = {Systematic relationships of the Mesozoic wood genus Xenoxylon: An integrative biomolecular and palaeobotanical approach},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Philippe and M. Zatoń and Y. Hautevelle},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-42549118064&doi=10.1127%2f0077-7749%2f2008%2f0247-0177&partnerID=40&md5=817766b65fc9d3144c4571b968a0f3c6},

doi = {10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0247-0177},

issn = {00777749},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Abhandlungen},

volume = {247},

number = {2},

pages = {177-189},

publisher = {Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung},

abstract = {Xenoxylon Gothan is one of the very few components of Mesozoic terrestrial biota which give clear palaeoecological signal. Unfortunately its systematic relationships are still unknown. This work analyzes the organic geochemistry of particularly well preserved samples of Xenoxylon from the Callovian of Łuków (eastern Poland) for comparison with the Bathonian of Gnaszyn (south-central Poland). The wood fragments from both Łuków and Gnaszyn contain phenolic abietanes like ferruginol, 6,7-dehydroferruginol, sugiol, hinokiol or 2-ketototarol. The presence of such biomolecules, with simultaneous absence or very small amount of tetracyclic diterpanes such as phyllocladanes, beyerane and/or kauranes, is characteristic for extant conifer families Cupressaceae s. 1. and Podocarpaceae. Thus, the molecular composition of the wood genus Xenoxylon suggests systematic relationships with these extant families. This study presents the evidence that preserved biomarkers and biomolecules are not exceptional in fossil wood, and that their composition generally supports the anatomical data. ©2008 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.},

note = {30},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-38349057738,

title = {Reduced, transitional and oxidised zones distribution in the Kupferschiefer in fore-sudetic monocline based on indices of organic matter [Rozmieszczenie strefy redukcyjnej, przejściowej i utlenionej w łupku miedzionośnym na monoklinie przedsudeckiej na podstawie wskaźników materii organicznej]},

author = { D. Więcław and M.J. Kotarba and J. Pieczonka and A. Piestrzyński and S. Oszczepalski and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-38349057738&partnerID=40&md5=4f2d5f34f8a3946530ef9cefa483b8f5},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {423},

pages = {125-138},

abstract = {A new method of identifying reduced, transitional and oxidised zones in Kupferschiefer strata is based on the geochemical analyses of organic matter from 566 Kupferschiefer samples collected in the KGHM PM SA mining area and its immediate neighbourhood. The S2/S3 (HI/OI) ratio, total organic carbon (TOC) and oxygen index (OI) from Rock-Eval pyrolytic analysis were used as classification parameters. The aromatic hydrocarbon distribution indices Phen/MePhen and TrPI were used as additional criteria. In the reduced zone, most abundant in organic matter, the Cu, Ag, Pb, Zn and Co contents show a strong proportional dependence on TOC, obtaining their maximum concentrations. The contents of noble metals (Au+Pt+Pd) remain on the level of geochemical background. The beds of the newly determined transitional zone have varying organic matter parameters. They have the comparable Cu, Ag and Co contents, increased noble metal content and lowered concentrations of undesired elements (<0.1 wt. %), i.e. Pb and Zn. In the oxidised zone, the organic matter content is minimal, just as in the case of most of other metals (Cu; Ag; Pb; Zn and Mo). The noble metals content in this zone is 2 to 3 orders higher than in the reduced zone.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-35448935598,

title = {Compositions, sources and depositional environments of organic matter from the Middle Jurassic clays of Poland},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Zatoń and B.R.T. Simoneit and A. Otto and M.O. Jędrysek and C. Grelowski and S. Kurkiewicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35448935598&doi=10.1016%2fj.apgeochem.2007.06.015&partnerID=40&md5=8a92b1c7c813fb040bf67f87162ec2b0},

doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.015},

issn = {08832927},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Applied Geochemistry},

volume = {22},

number = {11},

pages = {2456-2485},

abstract = {The comprehensive biomarker characteristics from previously undescribed Middle Jurassic clays of Poland are presented. The molecular composition of the organic matter (OM) derived from clays of Aalenian to Callovian age has not changed significantly through time. High relative concentrations of many biomarkers typical for terrestrial material suggest a distinct dominance of OM derived from land plants. Increasing concentrations of C29-diaster-13(17)-enes towards the northern part of the basin indicate an increase in terrestrial input. This terrestrial material would have originated from the enhanced transport of organic matter from land situated at the northern bank of the basin, i.e., the Fennoscandian Shield. The organic matter was deposited in an oxic to suboxic environment, as indicated by relatively low concentrations of C33-C35 homohopanes, moderate to high Pr/Ph ratio values, an absence of compounds characteristic for anoxia and water column stratification, such as isorenieratane, aryl isoprenoids and gammacerane, as well as common benthic fauna and burrows. δ18O measurements from calcitic rostra of belemnites suggest that the mean value of the Middle Jurassic sea-water temperature of the Polish Basin was 13.1 °C. It is suggested that this mirrored the temperature of the lower water column because belemnites are considered here to be necto-benthic. The organic matter from the Middle Jurassic basin of Poland is immature. This is clearly indicated by a large concentration of biomarkers with the biogenic configurations, such as ββ-hopanes, hop-13(18)-enes, hop-17(21)-enes, diasterenes and sterenes. The identification of preserved, unaltered biomolecules like ferruginol, 6,7-dehydroferruginol and sugiol in Protopodocarpoxylon wood samples from these sediments present particularly strong evidence for the presence of immature OM in the Middle Jurassic sediments. Moreover, the occurrence of these polar diterpenoids is important due to the fact that they are definitely the oldest known natural products detected in geological samples. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {71},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-35148837677,

title = {Novel arylated polyaromatic thiophenes: Phenylnaphtho[b]thiophenes and naphthylbenzo[b]thiophenes as markers of organic matter diagenesis buffered by oxidising solutions},

author = { M.J. Rospondek and L. Marynowski and M. Góra},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35148837677&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2007.05.008&partnerID=40&md5=72b0087cd622f31b0f77b2122c89a48f},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.05.008},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {38},

number = {10},

pages = {1729-1756},

abstract = {Three naphtho[b]thiophenes (asymmetric dibenzothiophene isomers) are minor components relative to the prevailing dibenzothiophene constituents of aromatic fractions of diagenetically oxidised marine sedimentary rocks. Interestingly, the rocks containing naphtho[b]thiophenes often also contain their arylated derivatives, phenylnaphtho[b]thiophenes, as major components relative to phenyldibenzothiophenes. Both these series are accompanied by other structural isomers, i.e., naphthylbenzo[b]thiophenes. To our knowledge, phenylnaphtho[b]thiophenes and their naphthylbenzo[b]thiophene isomers have not been reported in geological samples and are unambiguously identified here using synthetic standards. The distribution of arylated thiophenic polycyclic aromatic compounds strongly depends on maturity. At low maturity, where kinetically controlled distribution of the arylated thiophenes is expected, the greatest number of isomers is observed, suggesting that low regioselectivity reactions are involved in their formation. At the beginning of the oil window, small amounts of unstable 3-phenylnaphtho[b]thiophenes, together with three 2-phenylnaphtho[b]thiophenes, naphthylbenzo[b]thiophenes, with major 2-(2-naphthyl)benzo[b]thiophene, and all four possible phenyldibenzothiophenes, with abundant kinetically favoured 1- and 4-substituted isomers, are present. Experimental free radical phenylation of dibenzothiophene yielded a phenyldibenzothiophene isomeric distribution very similar to that observed in natural samples, but different from that resulting from ionic phenylation. Since these arylated polycyclic aromatic thiophenes occur exclusively in samples in which sedimentary pyrite was hydrothermally transformed to hematite/goethite as a result of rock interaction with oxidising brines, such solutions, usually rich in benzene, can be considered as a potential source of phenyl species. At more advanced stages of maturity, 3-phenylnaphtho[2;1-b]thiophenes are transformed to 2-phenylnaphtho[2;1-b]thiophenes, as revealed by artificial maturation experiments. In turn, severe heating of 2-phenylnaphtho[2;1-b]thiophene leads to its complete disappearance and the formation of dibenzothiophene and phenyldibenzothiophenes. Under the same conditions, only phenyldibenzothiophenes isomerise, presumably by a 1,2-phenyl shift, and 1-phenyldibenzothiophene also cyclises to triphenyleno[1;12-bcd]thiophene. The thermodynamically controlled distribution of phenyldibenzothiophenes, dominated by 3- and 2-substituted isomers, is reached at about 1.2% Rr (vitrinite reflectance). The distribution is similar to that encountered in hydrothermal petroleum generated above 300 °C in the rift system of the Guayamas Basin. Such a distribution can be experimentally obtained via prolonged heating a mixture of all possible phenyldibenzothiophene isomers at 330 °C in the presence of an acidic clay catalyst. The ratio between the sum of all phenyldibenzothiophenes and 2-phenylnaphtho[b]thiophene plus 2-(2-naphthyl)benzo[b]thiophene changes regularly with advancing maturity, suggesting a potential application of these newly identified compounds for maturity assessment. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {36},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34547123817,

title = {Organic geochemical study and genetic correlation of natural gas, oil and Menilite source rocks in the area between San and Stryi rivers (Polish and Ukrainian Carpathians)},

author = { M.J. Kotarba and D. Więcław and Y.V. Koltun and L. Marynowski and J. Kuśmierek and I.V. Dudok},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34547123817&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2007.03.012&partnerID=40&md5=91c7c3661edf7e208fb1bcce11899dd9},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.03.012},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {38},

number = {8},

pages = {1431-1456},

abstract = {We studied the source rocks and petroleum accumulations in the Carpathian Mountains of the Polish-Ukrainian border area, between the San and Stryi rivers. A total of 108 Oligocene Menilite Formation rock samples, 12 oil and 15 gas samples accumulated in the Oligocene reservoirs, and one oil and gas sample from an Upper Cretaceous reservoir were analysed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the petroleum potential of the Menilite Formation in this area and to evaluate potential genetic correlations between source rock and petroleum. The Menilite Formation represents a prolific source rock with TOC content ranging from 2 to 7 wt%, locally exceeding 20 wt%. Algal type II and mixed type II/III kerogens dominate but sometimes type III kerogen and, rarely, type I kerogen occur. Thermal maturity of the Oligocene Menilite Formation increases from outer to inner tectonic units, from the immature in the Boryslav-Pokuttya and Skole units to the overmature in the southern parts of Silesian and Dukla units. As a consequence, petroleum potential decreases in the same order. Geochemical analyses reveal that oil and gas generation and migration processes within the Carpathian flysch succession are complicated. All analysed oils were generated from the Menilite Formation during early and peak stages of the "oil window". Associated gas is of low-temperature thermogenic origin, sometimes containing an admixture of microbial gas. High-temperature thermogenic gas occurs only in the Polish part of the Silesian Unit. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {57},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34347359734,

title = {Nest-like accumulations of faunal remains in the Middle Jurassic ore-bearing clays of the Kraków-Czestochowa Upland and their palaeobiological implications [Gniazdowe akumulacje szczatków fauny w środkowojurajskich iłach rudonośnych Wyżyny Krakowsko-Czestochowskiej - Wnioski paleobiologiczne]},

author = { M. Zatoń and M.A. Salamon and L. Marynowski and R. Zatoń},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34347359734&partnerID=40&md5=e028a3fb7a051cb09236b24ebf21477c},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {55},

number = {5},

pages = {424-429},

abstract = {Distinct faunal accumulations in the uppermost Bajocian/lowermost Bathonian, lowermost and Middle Bathonian of the Polish Jura (south-central Poland) have been detected. The fossils are densely packed in the centre of the accumulations and more or less dispersed in their margins. The accumulations vary in size, but all are rich in various groups of organisms, of which the molluscs (mainly bivalves) and echinoderms predominate. The echinoderms are all disarticulated, and shelly fauna occur as angular fragments with sharp edges, of random sizes and without any signs of abrasion. The different sizes of the fossil remains, from tiny echinoderm ossicles or juvenile shelly fauna to medium-sized shell fragments or belemnite rostra, exclude any transportation and thus sorting. Worth of noting is the occurrence of similar faunal groups in each accumulation. The general shape and composition of the accumulations, as well as their taphonomical features, especially the angularity of shell fragments, point to durophagous (shell-crushing) predation rather than physical processes. The various organisms may indicate that the potential predator (most probably fish) fed on various invertebrates. The indigestible particles were later regurgitated forming the accumulations discussed. The presence of various epibionts on the fossil fragments indicate, that they rested upon the sea-floor for some time-span after they had been regurgitated. Then the scavengers, as well as current action or water movements, have been responsible for dispersion of some of the fossils, as is well-visible at the margins of the investigated accumulations.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33847104164,

title = {Biomolecules preserved in ca. 168 million year old fossil conifer wood},

author = { L. Marynowski and A. Otto and M. Zatoń and M. Philippe and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33847104164&doi=10.1007%2fs00114-006-0179-x&partnerID=40&md5=4486f1315d2164060c5881916d6ff634},

doi = {10.1007/s00114-006-0179-x},

issn = {00281042},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Naturwissenschaften},

volume = {94},

number = {3},

pages = {228-236},

abstract = {Biomarkers are widely known to occur in the fossil record, but the unaltered biomolecules are rarely reported from sediments older than Paleogene. Polar terpenoids, the natural products most resistant to degradation processes, were reported mainly from the Tertiary conifers, and the oldest known are Cretaceous in age. In this paper, we report the occurrence of relatively high concentrations of ferruginol derivatives and other polar diterpenoids, as well as their diagenetic products, in a conifer wood Protopodocarpoxylon from the Middle Jurassic of Poland. Thus, the natural product terpenoids reported in this paper are definitely the oldest polar biomolecules detected in geological samples. The extracted phenolic abietanes like ferruginol and its derivatives (6;7-dehydroferruginol; sugiol; 11;14-dioxopisiferic acid) are produced only by distinct conifer families (Cupressaceae s. l.; Podocarpaceae and Araucariaceae), to which Protopodocarpoxylon could belong based on anatomical characteristics. Therefore, the natural product terpenoids are of great advantage in systematics of fossil plant remains older than Paleogene and lacking suitable anatomical preservation. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.},

note = {52},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34347253866,

title = {Middle Famennian (Late Devonian) interval with pyritized fauna from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland): Organic geochemistry and pyrite framboid diameter study},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Rakociński and M. Zatoń},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34347253866&doi=10.2343%2fgeochemj.41.187&partnerID=40&md5=8a5951e8f07fc2c546e92820f31a0ce8},

doi = {10.2343/geochemj.41.187},

issn = {00167002},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Geochemical Journal},

volume = {41},

number = {3},

pages = {187-200},

publisher = {The Physiological Society of Japan},

abstract = {The pyrite framboid diameter and the extractable organic matter from the Middle Famennian rhythmic succession of limestones, nodular limestones and marly shales with pyritized fauna (KPG horizon) from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) were analyzed in order to constrain the water column structure during their deposition. In all samples investigated, small framboids (<5 μm) that may have formed in the water column occur but the majority of the framboids have larger diameters, characteristic for their formation within the sediments, below an oxic or dysoxic water column. This suggests that during deposition of the KPG horizon, the depositional environment was highly dysoxic, but not anoxic. Low concentration of the aryl isoprenoids and isorenieratane, and very high values of the AIR parameter point to the episodic photic zone euxinia and later post-depositional, partial degradation of the OM in suboxic conditions. Intermittent, but certainly short-lasting, anoxic conditions on the sea-floor, may also be supported by the lamination of the rock matrix and increased mortality of the juvenile ammonoids. The results of this study indicate that anoxic conditions prevailed in the shallow depths below the water-sediment interface, where pyritization following by dissolution of aragonitic shells of fauna occurred. Copyright © 2007 by The Geochemical Society of Japan.},

note = {28},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34249109953,

title = {Water column euxinia and wildfire evidence during deposition of the Upper Famennian Hangenberg event horizon from the Holy Cross Mountains (central Poland)},

author = { L. Marynowski and P. Filipiak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34249109953&doi=10.1017%2fS0016756807003317&partnerID=40&md5=831e7698430c8b6f8d046b36fb5de04e},

doi = {10.1017/S0016756807003317},

issn = {00167568},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Geological Magazine},

volume = {144},

number = {3},

pages = {569-595},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {A palynological study of the uppermost Famennian section from Kowala Quarry (Holy Cross Mountains; central Poland) allowed recognition of two miospore zones: LV (Retispora lepidophyta-Apiculiretusispora verrucosa) and LN (Retispora lepidophyta-Verrucosisporites nitidus). Based on palynology and sedimentology, the black shale within the upper part of the section is identified as equivalent to the Hangenberg Black Shale, which is known globally. This black shale contains compounds characteristic of photic zone euxinia, including isorenieratane and its derivatives. Such compounds are absent in the organic-poor marls and shales occurring below the LN Zone, and are present only as traces in the layers just above the black shale, indicating fluctuations in the oxygen minimum zone during uppermost Famennian sedimentation. Palynofacies show high amounts of amorphous organic matter and prasinophyte concentrations in the black shale, and a subsequent significant decrease of amorphous organic matter concomitant with a rapid increase of terrestrial input (mainly miospores with common tetrads) in the layers above the black shale. This supports the relatively rapid change in the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton caused by fluctuations of the chemocline. The whole succession corresponds to one sea-level rise and fall. The presence of high concentrations of peri-condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and large amounts of small charcoal particles at the Hangenberg event horizon indicate the occurrence of wildfires. Such observations suggest that atmospheric O22 levels had exceeded the critical threshold of 13%, above which wildfires may occur, by latest Famennian time. © 2007 Cambridge University Press.},

note = {109},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33645634171,

title = {Hiatus concretions from the ore-bearing clays of the Cracow-Czestochowa Upland (Polish Jura) [Konkrecje hiatusowe z iłów rudonośnych Wyżyny Krakowsko-Czestochowskiej]},

author = { M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski and G. Bzowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33645634171&partnerID=40&md5=a597deae97e510d0df1d1b697ff08a43},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {54},

number = {2},

pages = {131-138},

abstract = {Hiatus concretions are early-diagenetic sedimentary bodies, which in their history of formation, underwent exhumation during sedimentation break and/or erosion of sea-floor. Then they were colonized by various encrusters and borers, before they were buried again. Within Middle Jurassic (Bajocian through Bathonian) clays, hiatus concretions occur in four localities in the Cracow-Czestochowa Upland (south and central Poland): Ogrodzieniec, Bugaj, Mokrsko and Krzyworzeka. Preliminary data about their mineralogy, organic geochemistry and palaeoecology is given. Mineralogical analyses showed, that except dominant high Mg-calcite (up to 87.10% of total carbonates), concretions possess minor amounts of such compounds as quartz, clay minerals (kaolinite and illite), pyrite, siderite or Mg-kutnahorite. However high differences are observed between total organic carbon contents of concretions (TOC=0.460%) and surrounded clays (TOC = 2.16%), but their molecular composition is similar. Most of identified biomarkers are of terrestrial origin. In clay lithology, the hiatus concretions are the only sedimentary bodies that clearly mark the sedimentation pauses (hiatuses). In the investigated area, they form more or less continuous horizons. The concretions are calcitic, possessing various encrusting fauna such as bryozoans, oysters and oyster-like bivalves, serpulids, solitary corals and foraminifers. They often post-date the borings, belonging to such ichnogenera as Gastrochaenolites, Trypanites and Entobia. Some of the nodules show distinct transition from firmground (characterized by the presence of Glossifungites ichnocoenosis) to hardground (presence of Trypanites ichnocoenosis), pointing to the fact, that they formed at, or very close to, the sediment-water interface. Some concretions, like those from Bugaj and Mokrsko, are characterized by their high diversity of hard bottom communities. Those concretions are also irregular in shape; others, like those from Ogrodzieniec and Krzyworzeka, possess lower diversity. The concretions from Krzyworzeka are especially dominated by the borers, while the encrusters are sparse and not diverse. Those nodules that are wide and flat tend to be more bored on one surface only, while those that are more roundish, are bored on both sides more evenly. The degree of diversity is probably correlated with physical disturbance, causing the rolling and overturning of the exhumed concretions in the littoral zone. On the other hand, the overall diversity could be lowered due to destructive abrasion either of the shallowest borings, echinoid/gastropod scratch marks and shells of nestling bivalves, as well as more delicate epilithozoans.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-31544449190,

title = {Origin of organic matter from tectonic zones in the Western Tatra Mountains crystalline basement, Poland: An example of bitumen - Source rock correlation},

author = { L. Marynowski and A. Gawęda and P. Poprawa and M.M. Zywiecki and B. Kępińska and H. Merta},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-31544449190&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpetgeo.2005.08.001&partnerID=40&md5=3d75aba5cae45361a9f1780009cc53d5},

doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2005.08.001},

issn = {02648172},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},

volume = {23},

number = {2},

pages = {261-279},

abstract = {Solid bitumens of unknown origin, found in brittle tectonic shear zones cutting the crystalline basement of the Western Tatra Mts, show uniform geochemical characteristics that suggest a uniform source for the original hydrocarbons. On the basis of GC-MS data, a similarity between these solid bitumens and organic matter dispersed in the Mesozoic source rocks of Podhale Trough and sedimentary cover of the northern Tatra Mts is observed. The organic matter in the Mesozoic source rocks shows a higher maturation level than that in the solid bitumens. The molecular composition of the organic matter in both the solid bitumens and the basement rocks is significantly different from that in the Paleogene sedimentary rocks infilling the Podhale Trough. These immature to early mature Paleogene sedimentary rocks contain organic compounds typical of terrestrial plants, both conifers (simonellite and retene) and angiosperms (lupane; oleanane and taraxastene), which are absent in the solid bitumens and in the Mesozoic source rocks. Water-CO2 fluid inclusions in quartz sealing the shear zones have marine-like salinity, a dominance of CaCl2 and Mg2+ depletion, suggesting genetic affinity to dolomitised carbonate rocks such as potential Middle Triassic source rocks. The low maturity of the solid bitumen in the shear zones relative to its Mesozoic source can be explained by continued maturation of the Mesozoic source rocks after expulsion and migration into the shear zones. The results of hydrocarbon-generation modeling indicate that oil expulsion from the Mesozoic source rocks, its migration through the shear zones, and the subsequent maturation of the Mesozoic source rocks all occurred within a short Oligocene time interval. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-70349260156,

title = {THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC MATTER FROM THE TRIASSIC CLAYS OF NW MARGIN OF THE HOLY CROSS MTS (POLAND) – PRELIMINARY REPORT},

author = { L. Marynowski and P. Wyszomirski and S. Kurkiewicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349260156&doi=10.2478%2fv10002-007-0003-z&partnerID=40&md5=c91be6b70980f256c18e2cbc28a7b68f},

doi = {10.2478/v10002-007-0003-z},

issn = {18998291},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Mineralogia},

volume = {37},

number = {2},

pages = {113-122},

abstract = {The molecular character of organic matter in Triassic clays on the NW border of the Holy Cross Mts was determined in apolar, aromatic and polar fractions of extractable organic matter (OM) using GC-MS analysis. The contribution of terrestrial higher plants to the kerogene is revealed by the dominant presence of odd long-chain n-alkanes and by the occurrence of retene. Benzophenone, fluorenone, cyclopenta(def)phenanthrenone, antracenone and benzanthrone were among the compounds identified in polar fractions of the soluble organic matter. These commonly originate during strong oxidation of sedimentary organic matter. The aromatic fraction is characterised by the presence of phenyl derivatives (PhPAC) such as phenylnaphthalenes, terphenyls, phenyldibenzofurans and phenylphenanthrenes that are also products of the abiotic oxidation of organic matter. The oxidation processes that occurred during sedimentation and during early diagenesis resulted in a very significant decrease in the organic matter content in the clays. This decrease considerably influences their technological properties. © 2006, Versita. All rights reserved.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33747730248,

title = {Sagenopteris (Caytoniales) with its possible preserved biomarkers from the Bathonian of the Polish Jura, south-central Poland},

author = { M. Zatoń and M. Barbacka and L. Marynowski and J. Krzystanek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33747730248&doi=10.1127%2fnjgpm%2f2006%2f2006%2f385&partnerID=40&md5=c746a5bbf94c93bc2af491cc7dd894b5},

doi = {10.1127/njgpm/2006/2006/385},

issn = {00283630},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Monatshefte},

number = {7},

pages = {385-402},

publisher = {E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung},

abstract = {Sagenopteris PRESL, a genus of Mesozoic seed ferns (Pterido-spermophyta) belonging to the Caytoniales, has been noted for the first time in the Bathonian ore-bearing Czȩstochowa Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic; south-central Poland). This discovery consists of two leaflets assigned to Sagenopteris cf. nils-soniana (BRONGNIART) WARD, preserved in carbonate concretions from the Lower and Middle Bathonian units (Tenuiplicatus and Morrisi zones) of the clay sequence. Conifer wood fragments are the only additional plant macrofossils in the investigated deposits. Organic geochemical analyses of Middle Bathonian specimen, as well as bulk clay samples indicate that fernenes are preserved in sedimentary organic matter. However, in hosted clays fernenes which are genetically related to pteridosperms, constitute a distinct minority in relation to the common biomarkers characteristic for conifers. Apart from palaeontological information, biomarker analysis is additional confirmation that Polish palaeofloristic assemblages of the Bathonian coastal environments were dominated by conifer plants, while the pteridosperms, including Sagenopteris, grew below their canopy. © 2006 E. Schwelzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33745027362,

title = {Ammonite fauna from uppermost Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) calcitic concretions from the Polish Jura-biogeographical and taphonomical implications},

author = { M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33745027362&doi=10.1016%2fj.geobios.2005.02.001&partnerID=40&md5=ead25faf50f781c1f5bd6da7689923e7},

doi = {10.1016/j.geobios.2005.02.001},

issn = {00166995},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Geobios},

volume = {39},

number = {3},

pages = {426-442},

publisher = {Elsevier Masson SAS},

abstract = {Uppermost Bajocian (Parkinsoni Zone; Bomfordi Subzone) calcitic concretions from the epicratonic basin in South-Central Poland (Polish Jura) contain numerous, well-preserved ammonites unique for this area. Characteristic of the assemblages is the presence of small, juvenile specimens. Associated with dominant parkinsoniids (Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia) aff. dorni Arkell) are lytoceratids [Nannolytoceras tripartitum (Raspail)], lissoceratids [(Lissoceras (Lissoceras) oolithicum (d'Orbigny) and Lissoceras (Microlissoceras) solitarium Zatoń and Marynowski nov. sp.)], leptosphinctids (Vermisphinctes sp.) and strigoceratids [(Strigoceras (Strigoceras) sp. juv. gr. strigifer/pseudostrigifer)], as well as fragments of phylloceratids (Phylloceras sp.). Parkinsoniids (the most numerous) are considered here as host fauna. Other ammonites, especially phylloceratids and nannolytoceratids, are supposed migrants from the Mediterranean area into the shallow epicratonic Polish Basin during the Late Bajocian sea-level rise. N. tripartitum, which has a broad geographical range probably drifted as a plankton-feeder in the upper water column and, together with phylloceratids, are considered to be unsuccessful immigrants which did not adapt to the new environment. It seems that the whole fauna, inclusive of plant remains, was accumulated by bottom currents in randomly situated depressions on the sea-floor, where carcasses became ideal nucleation sites for concretion genesis. Early diagenesis, which played an important role, resulted in well-preserved ammonite assemblages close to the original biological assemblage. Most of described ammonites (nannolytoceratids; lissoceratids; strigoceratids and leptosphinctids) are reported from the Upper Bajocian epicratonic deposits of Poland for the first time. This makes the concretions a true "taphonomic window" into latest Bajocian census biocenosis. The organic geochemistry results suggest predominance of terrestrial organic matter in both concretions and surrounding clays, with well oxygenated conditions in the sedimentary basin. The large concentrations of Δ13(17)diasterenes in the analysed carbonate concretions indicates that these compounds must have been formed by contact with clay minerals before formation of the carbonate concretions. The processes described may have followed early stage of diagenesis, but certainly under tens of cm to even a few meters of burial. The high negative δC13 values in the inner zone of the concretions suggest that concretion growth began in the sulphate reduction zone and may have continued in the methanogenesis zone. © 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.},

note = {37},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-11344251576,

title = {Konzentrat-lagerstätte-type carbonate concretions from the uppermost Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of the Czȩstochowa area, South-Cental Poland},

author = { M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-11344251576&partnerID=40&md5=d63f07258ceda7bb2c2d3186b70f730b},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {48},

number = {4},

pages = {339-350},

abstract = {Early-diagenetic calcitic concretions of latest Bajocian (parkinsoni Zone; bomfordi Subzone) age in the Polish Jura contain an extremely rich and well-preserved macrofauna. In addition to bivalves and brachiopods, there are numerous ammonites of the (sub)genera Parkinsonia, Nannolytoceras, Lissoceras (Lissoceras), L. (Microlissoceras), as well as rare representatives of Vermisphinctes, Strigoceras (Strigoceras) and Phylloceras. Carapaces of primitive prosopid crabs are found associated. Such a diverse and well-preserved fauna (previously unknown from Bajocian epicratonic deposits of the Polish Jura), is typical of Konzentrat-Lagerstätte-type deposits. The random distribution of the concretions in exposure and the small size of the fauna may suggest that all remains were concentrated by bottom-current action in small depressions on an uneven sea-floor. The presence of numerous small-sized ammonites may be regarded as reflecting post-spawning assemblages which suffered mass-mortality. Although cause of their death remains unclear, storm events are a possibility. Such depressions acted as natural "traps" as well as constituted a size-limiting factor for the accumulating fauna. The fact that all elements are well preserved indicates briefpost-mortem transport and rapid burial, followed by early diagenesis that protected them from compaction. The absence of such fossil-rich concretions higher in the Middle Jurassic sequence clearly shows that our current assessment of biotic diversity may be an underestimate. The carbonate concretions contain a predominantly terrestrial type of organic matter (OM). Samples analysed are extremely immature, but early diagenetic transformations of OM occurred prior to concretion formation.},

note = {43},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-3142761676,

title = {Composition and source of polycyclic aromatic compounds in deposited dust from selected sites around the Upper Silesia, Poland},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Pięta and J. Janeczek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3142761676&partnerID=40&md5=862a79e424ea4d55a79edadf201e6f98},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {48},

number = {2},

pages = {169-180},

abstract = {About 300 polycyclic aromatic compounds were identified using the GC-MS method in deposited dust collected in sites located outside the industrial belt of the Upper Silesia agglomeration. Concentrations of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) range from 6.8 μg/g dust for anthracene to 142 μg/g dust for fluoranthene. Concentrations of highly carcinogenic PAH e.g. benzo(a)pyrene, benzofluoranthenes and benzo(a)anthracene range from 49 to 145.5 μg/g of dust. Significant concentrations (up to 35 μg/g of dust) of carcinogenic C22H14 PAHs (m/z 278) and C24H14 PAHs (m/z 302) were determined in all samples. Aromatic ketones and quinones as well as aromatic nitrogen and sulphur compounds with concentrations ranging from 2 to 45 μg/g of dust, were found in the polar NSO fraction. Molecular composition of hydrocarbons in the deposited dust is characteristic of the terrestrial organic matter, as suggested by the presence of long chain n-alkanes with odd carbon skeleton predominance, However, relatively high concentrations of steranes and distribution of homohopanes different from terrestrial organic matter suggest that part of extractable organic matter may be from diesel engine exhausts and/or paved road dust. The origin ofthe organic compounds adsorbed on the deposited dust is related to not complete coal combustion and possibly to other sources, such as automobile exhaust. The occurrence of phenyl-polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polyphenyls such as terphenyls, phenylnaphthalenes and their methyl derivatives, phenylphenanthrenes, phenylfluoranthenes and/or phenylpyrenes results from the free radical phenylation of aromatics during organic matter combustion.},

note = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0141572330,

title = {Migrabitumens - The link between the Podhale Trough and the crystalline basement of the Western Tatra Mts},

author = { A. Gawęda and L. Marynowski and B. Kępińska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0141572330&partnerID=40&md5=86cef48217c7578266d79a45712623d4},

issn = {0138015X},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Series M: Miscellanea},

volume = {28},

number = {363},

pages = {119-122},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0036070069,

title = {Phenyldibenzofurans and phenyldibenzothiophenes in marine sedimentary rocks and hydrothermal petroleum},

author = { L. Marynowski and M.J. Rospondek and R. Meyer Zu Reckendorf and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036070069&doi=10.1016%2fS0146-6380%2802%2900040-2&partnerID=40&md5=d959cb34404b47d58fd087e4eade8274},

doi = {10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00040-2},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {33},

number = {7},

pages = {701-714},

abstract = {The phenyl derivatives of dibenzo[b,d]furan and dibenzo[b,d]thiophene, so far not reported in geological samples, have now been identified in some sedimentary rocks, bitumen and hydrothermal petroleum through a comparison of their retention times and mass spectra with those of authentic standards. All four possible positional isomers were detected for each phenyldibenzo[b,d]furan (PhDBF) and phenydibenzo[b,d]thiophene (PhDBT). Their elution sequence is 1-, 4-, 2- and 3-phenyldibenzo[b,d]furan and 1-, 4-, 2- and 3-phenyldibenzo[b,d]thiophene on apolar stationary phases. In contrast to phenyldibenzofurans, the distributions of the thiophene series is controlled mainly by the organic matter maturity. In the most mature samples 4-, 2- and 3-PhDBTs prevail over I-PhDBT, while less mature samples contain mainly 4-PhDBT or 1-PhDBT and 2-, 3-PhDBTs occur at comparable concentrations. However, in samples of low maturity, in addition to the phenyldibenzo[b,d]thiophene C18H12S series, other structural isomers of C18H12S possessing very similar mass spectra were detected. These are likely to be either naphthylbenzo[b]thiophenes and/or phenylnaphtho[b]thiophenes. PhDBFs and PhDBTs are likely to be intermediate products in the formation of more condensed heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic compounds like triphenyleno[1,12-bcd]thiophene and triphenyleno[1,12-bcd]furan, and benzobisbenzofurans and benzobisbenzothiophenes, which are commonly detected in geological samples. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {52},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}