@article{2-s2.0-85212499859,

title = {Radon (222Rn) as a tracer of cave air exchange},

author = { L. Fijałkowska–lichwa and A. Tyc and T.A. Przylibski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85212499859&doi=10.1007%2fs11869-024-01670-8&partnerID=40&md5=528c4ace56705b80ed50f96da5d4f581},

doi = {10.1007/s11869-024-01670-8},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},

abstract = {Radon (222Rn) was employed as a tracer of seasonal, diurnal and hourly-scale cave air flow. Niedźwiedzia Górna Cave in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, having a well-studied thermal regime representative of similar underground spaces in the temperate climate, was chosen for the research. Relationships between changes in 222Rn activity concentration in cave air and changes in cave microclimate parameters (air temperature) and meteorological parameters (temperature; pressure and wind speed) were compared. Data registered at one-hour intervals throughout a period of 8.5 months (from mid-December 2019 to the end of August 2020) were used. On a seasonal scale, the process of cave air exchange with the atmosphere takes place at the upper level of the cave in the first half of the year (from December to June) and at the bottom level - in the first quarter of the year (January-March). The air exchange is inhibited as the atmospheric air temperature equals the average temperature of the air at the lower level of the cave (+ 8.4 °C) in April and May. At the upper level, it is the atmospheric air temperature higher than the temperature inside the cave (+ 8.5 °C) which stops air exchange in July and August. On a diurnal scale, 222Rn is an effective tracer of air exchange lasting about two weeks in winter (January-February) and as a range from 6 to 9 days in transitional periods in April and May. In an hourly cycle, effective air exchange takes place at daytime and ends at night in warmer parts of the cave and starts at night and continues until noon or the afternoon in colder parts. © The Author(s) 2024.},

note = {0},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85185968537,

title = {Kraków-Częstochowa Upland—Monadnocks and Relic Caves in the Karst Landscape},

author = { A. Tyc},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185968537&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-031-45762-3_22&partnerID=40&md5=0125a19ac5b114aac7bcc2e347467114},

doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-45762-3_22},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {World Geomorphological Landscapes},

volume = {Part F2267},

pages = {385-401},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},

abstract = {The Kraków-Częstochowa Upland is the largest carbonate karst area in Poland and belongs to the largest in Central Europe. It is built of limestonesLimestone with a thickness of over 250 m. They were deposited in a relatively shallow sea as a carbonate ramp on the northern shelf of the TethysTethys Ocean in the Late Jurassic. LimestoneLimestone facies differentiation associated with carbonate buildups and related variable resistance to erosion and karstification contributed to the geomorphic diversity within the region. Karst relief is an essential component of the landscape of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. Limestone rocky hills, monadnocksMonadnock, and torsTor are residual forms that dominate in the surface relief. Numerous cave relics, including hypogenicCavehypogenic ones, occur within these landforms. The rocky valleys and gorgesGorge, including the picturesque Prądnik Valley, cut the southern part of the Upland. The northern part was the only area of the Upland covered by the Pleistocene ice sheetIce sheet, and the rocky hills and monadnocks were transformed by glacial erosionErosionglacial into asymmetric roche moutonnéesRoche moutonnée. In the areas mantled by tillTilland loessLoess, covered karstKarstcovered developed. Although the origin and age of karst and caves are still discussed, the Late Cretaceous marine recession and the Holocene mark the general temporal constraints for the development of karst landforms in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. The karst landscape attracted humans to settle in this region since the Palaeolithic. Numerous archaeological sites in caves, rock shelters, and ruins of medieval castles testify to the rich cultural heritage of the region, underpinned by geodiversityGeodiversity. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85208495657,

title = {Manifestations of sulfuric acid speleogenesis in the Mulapampa travertine, Central Andes of Peru: evidence from the Gruta con Lago},

author = { A. Tyc and K. Gaidzik and J. Ciesielczuk and K. Wątor},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85208495657&doi=10.5038%2f1827-806X.53.2.2503&partnerID=40&md5=e92394a2c1bf9781d74a347a8c782131},

doi = {10.5038/1827-806X.53.2.2503},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Speleology},

volume = {53},

number = {2},

pages = {235-251},

publisher = {Societa Speleologica Italiana},

abstract = {Sulfuric acid speleogenesis (SAS) is a form of hypogene speleogenesis characterized by the formation of caves in carbonate rocks due to the presence of sulfuric acid. This study focuses on the Gruta con Lago, one of three caves identified in the Mulapampa travertine, located in the Central Andes of Peru. These caves are accessed through collapse sinkholes, and much of their morphology results from roof breakdown. The bottom of the studied cave is situated at the current water table. Despite the absence of typical solutional features associated with SAS caves, mineralogical and geochemical evidence of speleogenesis involving H2SO4 has been found in Gruta con Lago. Significant accumulations of gypsum deposits on the cave floor and replacement gypsum crusts on walls – both considered by-products of SAS – are present. Cave gypsum samples exhibit negative sulfur isotopic composition (ranging from-19.4 to-8.2‰) and oxygen (ranging from-9.0 to-1.3‰), which are indicative of sulfide (H2S) oxidation. This article discusses potential scenarios of SAS events in the evolution of hypogene karst in the Mulapampa travertine. It also considers the significance of the proximity of the active volcanoes of the Ampato-Sabancaya Volcanic Complex (ASVC) and seismogenic crustal faults in the formation of a thick travertine cover and the potential for SAS processes. © 2024, Societa Speleologica Italiana. All rights reserved.},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85125448690,

title = {Thermal springs and active fault network of the central Colca River basin, Western Cordillera, Peru},

author = { A. Tyc and K. Gaidzik and J. Ciesielczuk and P. Masías and A. Paulo and A. Postawa and J. Żaba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125448690&doi=10.1016%2fj.jvolgeores.2022.107513&partnerID=40&md5=477bd07f9cfc539c6704bed449798733},

doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107513},

issn = {03770273},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},

volume = {424},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Thermal waters and vapor discharges (hot springs; geysers; solfataras; and fumaroles) are common phenomena in volcanic regions at active plate boundaries, and the Central Andes are no exception. The Colca River basin in S Peru is a highly diversified and complex thermal region with unresolved questions on the origin of thermal fluids, reservoir temperature, and connections with tectonic and/or volcanic activity. To answer these, we used hydrogeochemical analysis of 35 water samples from springs and geysers, together with isotopic (δ18O and δD) analysis, chemical and mineral studies of precipitates collected in the field around these outflows, and field observations. We aimed (1) to recognize the geochemistry of thermal waters and precipitates in the central part of the Colca River basin, (2) to identify fluid sources and their origin, (3) to estimate the temperature of a potential geothermal reservoir, and (4) to discuss the regional active tectonic and volcanic framework of this geothermal region and mutual relationships. Our results corroborate a heterogeneous and complex geothermal system in the central part of the Colca River basin, with contrasting hydrogeochemical and physical properties, variable isotope composition, different reservoir temperatures, and associated precipitates around thermal springs. Processes controlling water chemistry are closely related to the Ampato-Sabancaya magmatic chamber's activity and tectonic structures that allow complex interactions of meteoric waters with magmatic fluids and gases. With a considerable gradient of pressure owing to local relief and deep incision in the Colca Canyon, these processes led to the differentiation of the thermal waters into three main groups. (1) Chloride-rich, mainly sodium chloride, thermal waters are of meteoric origin but mature within the geothermal reservoir possibly fed by magma degassing. These waters' chemical and isotopic composition results from water-rock interaction and mixing with magmatic waters within the reservoir. These waters discharge at the bottom of the Colca Canyon and Valley, presenting a broad hydrogeochemical spectrum and highly variable mineral phases precipitating at the outflows. The reservoir temperature estimated for these waters ranges from 180 to 200 °C. The group of hottest springs and geysers at the bottom of the Colca Canyon waters are fully equilibrated, with the reservoir temperature ~ 240 °C. (2) Sulfate-rich waters are shallow meteoric waters heated by ascending gases that form an independent group referring to the local water circulation, often controlled by tectonic barriers. (3) Bicarbonate-rich waters are the intermediate meteoric waters, divided into two hydrochemical groups: waters partially equilibrated with reservoir rocks and more similar to chloride-rich waters or additionally enriched with SO4 and more similar to sulfate-rich waters. Studied thermal springs show a clear spatial correlation with active and seismogenic crustal W- to NW-tracing normal and strike-slip faults. These act as barriers to infiltrating meteoric waters, provide pathways to hydrothermal solutions and gases assisting in meteoric water heating, and yield passages for pressured by lithostatic load and heated waters to ascend to the surface. © 2022},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85056125853,

title = {Low to middle Pleistocene paleoclimatic record from the Kraków-Czȩstochowa Upland (Poland) based on isotopic and calcite fabrics analyses},

author = { Mar. Błaszczyk and H. Hercman and J. Pawlak and M. Gąsiorowski and S. Matoušková and M. Aninowska and D. Kicińska and A. Tyc},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056125853&doi=10.1515%2fgeochr-2015-0096&partnerID=40&md5=b907e57197106d35136e9d6f2ad4d0e1},

doi = {10.1515/geochr-2015-0096},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {45},

number = {1},

pages = {185-197},

publisher = {Sciendo},

abstract = {The quality of paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on speleothem records depends on the accuracy of the used proxies and the chronology of the studied record. As far as the dating method is concerned, in most cases, the best solution is the use of the U-series method to obtain a precise chronology. However, for older periods (i.e.; over 0.5 Ma), dating has become a serious challenge. Theoretically, older materials could be dated with the U-Pb dating method. However, that method requires a relatively high uranium content (minimum of several ppm), whereas typical speleothems from Poland (and all of Central Europe) have uranium concentrations below 0.1 ppm. Because the materials in Polish caves are problematic, we applied oxygen isotope stratigraphy (OIS) as a tool for speleothem dating. By using OIS as an alternative tool to create a chronology of our flowstone, it was found that the studied flowstone crystallized from 975 to 470 ka with three major discontinuities, so obtained isotopic record can be correlated with oxygen isotopic stages from MIS 24 to MIS 12. The observed isotopic variability was also consistent and confirmed with the petrographic observations of the flowstone. © 2018 M. Błaszczyk et al. published by Sciendo.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}