@article{2-s2.0-85189940622,

title = {Screening of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the water environment of a region diversified in land use and urban development (Silesian Province, southern Poland)},

author = { K. Ślósarczyk and A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85189940622&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhydrol.2024.131191&partnerID=40&md5=b842f919e0eaf23412772e3d9eb6bb2d},

doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131191},

issn = {00221694},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Hydrology},

volume = {635},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {This research aimed to assess the PPCP contamination of the water environment within the Silesian Province (southern Poland), where emerging contaminants are likely to occur due to urbanisation and industrialisation, especially in the central part of the voivodeship. An attempt was made to compare the PPCP occurrence in waters of areas that varied in land use and urban development, i.e. within the Upper Silesian Urban Area (USUA) and outside this region. The research was performed in selected areas of the province and involved sampling of raw and treated wastewater from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), as well as surface water (9 samples) and groundwater (14 samples) in six pilot sites. In total, 102 PPCPs were analysed using the LC-MS/MS method. In the natural waters, physicochemical parameters were also measured, and the basic chemical composition of the samples was determined. In the wastewater samples, the number of detected substances and the total PPCP concentrations were up to 66 PPCPs and 1211.0 µg/L in influents, and up to 59 PPCPs and 174.1 µg/L in effluents. The values for the natural water samples were respectively up to 71 PPCPs and 172.2 µg/L in surface water, and up to 13 PPCPs and 1.5 µg/L in groundwater. The results revealed that wastewater discharges from WWTPs using conventional treatment methods serve as a significant source of PPCPs due to inefficient removal of the microcontaminants. The contamination level of the surface waters in terms of the PPCP occurrence and basic chemical composition was higher within the USUA, where rivers are recipients of wastewater discharges from WWTPs. The PPCP quantity in the groundwater samples did not vary greatly within and outside the USUA, likely due to hydraulic connection between rivers and aquifers or induced surface water infiltration that recharge aquifers in some of the selected areas. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85183132386,

title = {Groundwater Quality Assessment in the Area of the Zinc Smelter in Miasteczko Śląskie (Poland) Using Selected Metal Indices},

author = { A.J. Witkowski and D. Dąbrowska and J. Wróbel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183132386&doi=10.3390%2fw16020279&partnerID=40&md5=45dbd047a1b654756c62d0d85c793231},

doi = {10.3390/w16020279},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {16},

number = {2},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {Groundwater quality assessment in the region of potential pollution sources can be performed through the use of index-based methods. The aim of this paper was to present the results of the groundwater quality assessment in the region of the zinc smelter in Miasteczko Śląskie (southern Poland) for the Quaternary aquifer based on monitoring data from 2000, 2011, and 2022. The following parameters were used in the analysis: Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. Three indices were calculated, i.e., the landfill water pollution index (LWPI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), and metal index (MI). The values of the indicators suggest that in the described study area, there are waters that are under the strong influence of the zinc smelter infrastructure and landfills. The highest values obtained are about 17 for LWPI, about 66 for HPI, and about 133 for MI. These values indicate significant anthropogenic pollution of the groundwater of the Quaternary aquifer in the study area. Taking into account the values obtained for all three indices, it can be concluded that the HPI indicator is the least reliable due to the need to select two limit values (background and ideal content in waters for each of the parameters), which would suggest that in some cases, waters are not very contaminated. The other two indices show similarities (mainly in their spatial distribution), and only the choice of parameters determines which of the indices should be used. A comparison of the results of local groundwater quality monitoring with the results of the calculated indices indicate that the values of the calculated MI indices are closest to the actual water quality status. © 2024 by the authors.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85144863183,

title = {Groundwater and Human Health Risk Assessment in the Vicinity of a Municipal Waste Landfill in Tychy, Poland},

author = { D. Dąbrowska and A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144863183&doi=10.3390%2fapp122412898&partnerID=40&md5=43ec1871dff54c18963ca45f31496c79},

doi = {10.3390/app122412898},

issn = {20763417},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},

volume = {12},

number = {24},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Groundwater quality and human health assessment in the vicinity of landfills can be performed with the use of numerous index methods. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) and Health Risk Assessment (HRA) in the vicinity of a municipal landfill complex for monitoring data from 1995, 2003, 2010, and 2021 and in the context of average statistical data about Poles. The calculations take into account an extended range of parameters, including sulphates, chlorides, and ammonium ions. The calculation results for the Horizontal ratio indicate that it should not be used for all parameters. This was mainly reflected in the low sulfate content of the water monitored by a piezometer directly below the old landfill. Other indicators, reaching as high as around 2000 (the Nemerow Pollution Index) or approx. 18,000 (the enrichment factor), confirm the negative impact of the landfill. The Hazard Index values reached almost 700, which would indicate a high risk to human health when consuming water with similar parameters. Overall, the results illustrate that using the selected indices to assess groundwater risk can be a valuable method for supporting long-term observations of groundwater quality, which can be used to make predictions using artificial intelligence methods. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85126358541,

title = {Identification of Water Contamination Sources Using Hydrochemical and Isotopic Studies—The Kozłowa Góra Reservoir Catchment Area (Southern Poland)},

author = { K. Ślósarczyk and S. Jakóbczyk-Karpierz and A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126358541&doi=10.3390%2fw14060846&partnerID=40&md5=e498a1a5d4ebf0e3031382e0676baf5d},

doi = {10.3390/w14060846},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {14},

number = {6},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The application of combined research methods, such as hydrochemical and isotopic anal-yses, facilitates understanding of the origin of water constituents and migration of contaminants in the aquatic environment. The presented study attempts to identify contamination sources affecting water quality within the Kozłowa Góra reservoir catchment area (southern Poland). A total of 100 water samples were collected from surface water (the Brynica river; streams; and the reservoir) and groundwater (a Quarternary aquifer) in four time periods. During fieldwork, the physicochemical parameters were measured (temperature; pH; electrical conductivity; redox potential; and dissolved oxygen). The chemical analysis included the determination of major ions (HCO3−; SO42−; Cl−; Ca2+; Mg2+; Na+; and K+), nutrients (NO3−; NO2−; NH4+; and PO43−), and total organic carbon. The study was complemented by isotopic analysis of sulphur and oxygen in sulphate, which enabled a more pre-cise identification of stressors affecting water quality in different parts of the catchment area. Chemical and isotopic results (δ34S = 4.38–13.99‰; δ18O 3.59–13.30‰) revealed that wastewater discharges and agricultural activities have a significant influence on the chemistry of the Brynica River and other streams. At some sampling points, a lower quality of water was manifested by elevated concentrations of NO3− (up to 22.6 mg/L) and several other ions (e.g.; up to 114 mg/L for Cl−; up to 51.52 mg/L for NH4+; and 12.5 mg/L for PO43−). The quality of groundwater was deteriorated mainly by infiltration of sewage from leaky septic tanks. The level of groundwater contamination varied depending on the location, as higher concentrations of major ions and values of electrical conductivity were observed in residential areas. The Brynica river, streams, and groundwater recharge the drinking water reservoir, and thus its quality depends on these sources. A dilution of water and the presence of biochemical processes led to a reduction of contaminant concentrations in the Kozłowa Góra reservoir (down to 3.5 mg/L for NO3−; 32 mg/L for Cl−; 0.21 mg/L for NH4+; and <0.05 mg/L for PO43−) compared to water in the river and streams supplying the reservoir. The study revealed the role of wastewater discharge and agricultural activities in the evolution of surface water chemistry. The results will be used in further research on the origin and migration of other substances in water, including microcontaminants. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85118763965,

title = {Preliminary evaluation of the possible occurrence of pesticides in groundwater contaminated with nitrates—a case study from southern poland},

author = { K. Ślósarczyk and A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118763965&doi=10.3390%2fw13213091&partnerID=40&md5=f735baaea10fe0a139d014769fe00770},

doi = {10.3390/w13213091},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {13},

number = {21},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {This paper addresses groundwater pollution and the potential presence of pesticides within the catchment areas of two reservoirs that are sources of drinking water. The two reservoirs are Goczałkowice and Kozłowa Góra, both in Southern Poland. Agricultural and rural areas dominate both catchments. Archival data showed local groundwater contamination with nitrates. This indicated the possible presence of pesticides in shallow groundwater. In total, 13 groundwater samples from shallow sandy aquifers were collected. All the samples were tested for the presence of 35 organophosphate pesticides and 28 organochlorine pesticides. Additionally, in order to determine the current groundwater conditions, physicochemical parameters were measured in the field, and water samples were subjected to analysis of their chemical composition (incl. the determination of nitrates). The research outcomes showed that pesticides were not detected above the detection limits in any of the samples. Due to variations in the persistence and degradation rates of pesticides, the occurrence of these substances in the groundwater environment and the possibility of their migration to aquifers should not be completely excluded. Natural processes and factors (e.g.; sorption; biodegradation; hydrolysis and redox conditions) may gradually reduce the pesticide concentrations in groundwater. The chemical analyses revealed high concentrations of nitrates in the groundwater. This suggests the possible influence of agriculture and fertilizer application on groundwater quality; however, a proportion of NO3- ions may be connected with improper sewage management within the two catchments. The absence of pesticides in groundwater impacted by agriculture may result from processes occurring in the aquifer and the rapid degradation of these compounds due to photolysis and prevailing weather conditions. In the vicinity of dwellings, nitrates also originate from domestic wastewater. Thus, the occurrence of pesticides in groundwater contaminated with NO3 cannot always be expected. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85113770401,

title = {Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the water environment of Poland: A review},

author = { K. Ślósarczyk and S. Jakóbczyk-Karpierz and J. Różkowski and A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113770401&doi=10.3390%2fw13162283&partnerID=40&md5=dd9d80ae30e1ef5da6bad75f60157b94},

doi = {10.3390/w13162283},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {13},

number = {16},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {The issue of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the water environment has gained increasing interest worldwide. To determine the nature and extent of this problem for Poland, this paper presents a review of research on the presence of PPCPs in Poland, looking at results for different water samples, including wastewater (before and after treatment), landfill leachate, surface water (standing water bodies and rivers), seawater, groundwater and drinking water. The review is based on over 50 scientific articles and dissertations referring to studies of PPCPs. It also briefly outlines possible sources and the fate of PPCPs in the aquatic environment. The review of Polish research has revealed that studies have previously covered at least 39 PPCP groups (270 compounds in total). These studies focused mainly on wastewater and rivers, and only a few concerned landfill leachate and seawater. They most often reported on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics. The highest concentrations of the analysed PPCPs were found mainly in raw wastewater (e.g.; naproxen; up to 551;960 ng/L), but they were also occasionally found in surface water (e.g.; azithromycin; erythromycin; irbesartan and metoprolol) and in groundwater (e.g.; N;N-diethyl-meta-toluamide; known as DEET; up to 17;280 ng/L). Extremely high concentrations of bisphenol A (up to 2;202;000 ng/L) and diclofenac (up to 108;340 ng/L) were found in landfill leachate. Although numerous substances have been detected, PPCPs are still not monitored regularly, which makes it difficult to obtain a clear understanding of their incidence in the water environment. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85059091650,

title = {Application of pollution indices for the spatiotemporal assessment of negative impact of a municipal land fill on ground water (Tychy, Southern Poland)},

author = { D. Dąbrowska and A.J. Witkowski and M. Sołtysiak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059091650&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1420&partnerID=40&md5=286185304d9bb2824d8ccfd5ec981208},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1420},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {62},

number = {3},

pages = {496-508},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {Risk assessment plays an essential role in the protection of groundwater resources, especially in the regions of potential contamination sources. The present research was aimed at assessing the risk of groundwater contamination in the vicinity of the Tychy-Urbanowice municipal landfill systems (southern Poland), using the contamination index tool. Groundwater samples from the Quaternary Aquifer were collected from 22 piezometers located near the former landfill site (currently closed) and the new sealed landfill site during a monitoring period from 1995 to 2015. Extremely high values (1700) of the groundwater contamination index were observed in a piezometer that captures water beneath the abandoned landfill. Very high index values (154 or 216) were also noticed in piezometers located in the groundwater outflow from the landfill site. Results of interpolation for individual piezometers, which capture only the upper or lower part of an aquifer, are unrepresentative. The interpolation for the mean values of the contamination index increased the groundwater risk assessment. © 2018, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85044823154,

title = {Representativeness of the groundwater monitoring results in the context of its methodology: case study of a municipal landfill complex in Poland},

author = { D. Dąbrowska and A.J. Witkowski and M. Sołtysiak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044823154&doi=10.1007%2fs12665-018-7455-x&partnerID=40&md5=8c127d85e244c30e2a78b51ce14e540d},

doi = {10.1007/s12665-018-7455-x},

issn = {18666280},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Earth Sciences},

volume = {77},

number = {7},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {A representative monitoring of groundwater quality is the basis for a reliable assessment of the impact of pollutant sources on groundwater. This is especially the case in the area around old closed landfills. A study of different methods of groundwater sampling was conducted at a municipal landfill site in Tychy-Urbanowice (southern Poland). The study compared the results of the electrolytic conductivity values obtained during vertical profiling both before and after purging with a passive bailer. The results obtained from the well volume approach after purging up to nine volumes of stagnant water in the piezometer were also taken into account, as were the results of the purging of water volume equal to the double volume of the filtered part of the piezometer. Particular attention was paid to the nested piezometers. The presented values confirm very large differences in the research results of both the sampling technology and the depth of sampling, the piezometer construction and its lithological profile and in the duration and intensity of the tests carried out. In order to determine the real-time variability of the contamination of the monitored water, the tests should be carried out in the same way and should use a fixed schedule. © 2018, The Author(s).},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85040619874,

title = {The water chemistry and quality of the quaternary aquifer in the area of reclaimed open pit maczki-bór in the light of monitoring data [Sklad chemiczny i jakość wód czwartorzȩdowego piȩtra wodonośnego w rejonie rekultywowanego wyrobiska piasku podsadzkowego maczki-bór w świetle wyników badań monitoringowych]},

author = { J. Różkowski and A.J. Witkowski and J. Kropka and S. Rzepecki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040619874&partnerID=40&md5=22bdf143bc71298c5c11ba338777500a},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {65},

number = {11},

pages = {1371-1376},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {The paper presents the water quality of the Quaternary aquifer in the area of reclaimed open pit Maczki-Bor in the light of results of monitoring investigations carried out in 1995-2014. The area consists of mine workings, the reclaimed field of Bór Zachod, and the area ofBdr Wschdd, which is under reclamation. Processing and mining material from coal mines is mainly deposited in the mine excavations. In the northern part of the Bór Zachodfield, there is a municipal waste dump for the Sosnowiec city. The monitoring network consists of 12 piezometers monitoring groundwater of the Quaternary aquifer, 3 monitoring points on the major dewatering canals, and 2 points on the Biala Przemsza River (upstream and downstream of the cumulative mine dewatering discharge). The monitoring of the leachate is carried out in 2 observation wells located in the deposited rock on the dumping ground of Bór Wschod. This article discusses the significantly spatially diverse chemistry and quality of groundwater and surface water affected by varied anthropo- pressure.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85040600007,

title = {Diagnosis of the iegal and organizational status of groundwater monitoring in Poland [Diagnoza stanu prawnego i organizacyjnego monitoringu wód podziemnych w Polsce]},

author = { A.J. Witkowski and D. Dąbrowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040600007&partnerID=40&md5=cb1c31cdec99afdd3d363ff3b60a76d9},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {65},

number = {11},

pages = {1393-1397},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {The article presents the current groundwater monitoring system in Poland. It points out the ambiguity of the terminology and the correlation between the previous concept, based on the areal criterion for monitoring networks (national, regional and local) and the recently introduced three types of monitoring: diagnostic, operational and research monitoring. In this context, the problem of changing legal regulations that govern the groundwater monitoring has been given special attention. Constant changes in the legal acts result in the ambiguity about who is currently responsible for the groundwater monitoring system and its various types in Poland. The paper explicitly addresses the question of the functioning of the local monitoring in Poland and the presentation of the results. It has been found out that the approach to the local and research monitoring of groundwater in annual reports on the state of the environment in particular regions published by the Voivodeship Inspectorates of Environmental Protection (W10$) is inconsistent. These reports, being an essential element in disseminating information about the environment, should be complete, clear and consistent. Unfortunately, the quality of reports is highly variable in both technical terms and the merits. In many cases, they are incomplete due to the lack of information about the local monitoring as well as the fact that the issue of groundwater is frequently dealt with in a very superficial manner. The access to the data contained in these reports is sometimes difficult because of their different location on the websites of W 10$.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84982803619,

title = {Groundwater vulnerability: from scientific concept to practical application},

author = { A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84982803619&doi=10.1007%2fs12665-016-5896-7&partnerID=40&md5=25e9baadcd8d82ee1693297be45380b3},

doi = {10.1007/s12665-016-5896-7},

issn = {18666280},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Earth Sciences},

volume = {75},

number = {15},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84966534225,

title = {Identification of nitrate sources in groundwater and potential impact on drinking water reservoir (Goczałkowice reservoir, Poland)},

author = { J. Czekaj and S. Jakóbczyk-Karpierz and H. Rubin and S.S. Sitek and A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84966534225&doi=10.1016%2fj.pce.2015.11.005&partnerID=40&md5=da0090ddc4ab742d04447948c7cd6418},

doi = {10.1016/j.pce.2015.11.005},

issn = {14747065},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth},

volume = {94},

pages = {35-46},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Goczałkowice dammed reservoir (area – 26 km2) is a strategic object for flood control in the Upper Vistula River catchment and one of the most important source of drinking water in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region (Southern Poland). Main aims of the investigation were identification of sources of nitrate and assessment of their significance in potential risk to groundwater quality. In the catchment area monitoring network of 22 piezometers, included 14 nested, have been installed. The significant spatial and seasonal differences in chemical composition between northern and southern part of the catchment were indicated based on the groundwater sampling conducted twice – in autumn 2011 and spring 2012. Maximum observed concentrations of nitrate were identified in northern part of the study area 255 mg/L as a results of inappropriate sewage management and agriculture activity. Results, based on the combines multi-scale hydrogeological and hydrochemical field studies, groundwater flow and transport modelling, dual stable isotope approach and geochemical modelling indicate mainly agriculture and inappropriate sewage water management as a sources of NO3− contamination of groundwater which moreover is affected by geochemical processes. In general, contaminated groundwater does not impact surface water quality. However, due to high concentration of nitrate in northern part a continues measurements of nitrogen compounds should be continued and used for reducing uncertainty of the predictive scenarios of the mass transport modelling in the study area. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84964426068,

title = {The representativity index of a simple monitoring network with regular theoretical shapes and its practical application for the existing groundwater monitoring network of the Tychy-Urbanowice landfills, Poland},

author = { D. Dąbrowska and R. Kucharski and A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964426068&doi=10.1007%2fs12665-016-5554-0&partnerID=40&md5=f56d6ed4af04bd8010592e108a9385eb},

doi = {10.1007/s12665-016-5554-0},

issn = {18666280},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Earth Sciences},

volume = {75},

number = {9},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {The representativity index Ru is a measure used in assessing the chemical status of groundwater based on monitoring studies. This index is designed to describe the spatial homogeneity of the monitoring network. The general formula for calculating the index Ru includes the following parameters: average distance to the nearest monitoring point, number of monitoring points, and size of the test area. Calculations to determine the representativity index for four different shapes of the theoretical test study with the same area and the same number of monitoring points have been done. These calculations suggest that the index value depends on the shape and the position of these points, and it is less dependent on the size of the surface. An assessment of the representativeness of the monitoring network for the different numbers and configurations of the piezometers around the Tychy-Urbanowice landfills based on the mentioned index has been done as well. The best and the worst configurations of the monitoring network for these landfill sites in mathematical terms have been presented in this paper. The results are surprising: the highest index value is obtained with a single measurement point. The calculations were performed with the area of landfill and the area limited by the range of piezometers as the exclusive test area. To choose the optimal test area, representativity indicator was calculated also for the monitoring network around waste landfills, including the buffer network behind the piezometers. The difference in the values of the representativity indicator for subsequent variants is astounding. The representativity index for the same monitoring network is about 20 % higher if we consider the test area limited by external piezometers, and higher by another 20 %, taking into account the 95-m buffer zone behind piezometers. Due to increase of the representativity index value with a different width of buffer zone, the mathematical calculations of the monitoring network’s representativeness should be supported by an analysis of the geological structure and hydrogeological conditions occurring in the analyzed area. © 2016, The Author(s).},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84870667747,

title = {Structural model of the Quaternary aquifer in the area of Goczałkowice reservoir [Model budowy czwartorzȩdowego piȩtra wodonośnego w rejonie zbiornika Goczałkowice]},

author = { J. Czekaj and A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870667747&partnerID=40&md5=9df0411330e85e3609c5b43bb4363e27},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {451},

pages = {27-34},

abstract = {The creation of groundwater flow models should be based on a reliable conceptual model. Its main element is interpreted and generalised information about geological structure of the flow system. Leading companies develop special programs used for preparation of conceptual models, and enable their implementation in the Modflow or FeFlow systems. Among such programs is the HydroGeo Builder (HGB), using which the user can prepare a structural model and add hydrogeological parameters and boundary conditions. The paper presents the way of using the HGB for the construction of nine-layered structural model of the direct catchment of Goczałkowice reservoir (64 km2 in area). Structural model of the Quaternary aquifer will be used in groundwater modelling within the ZiZOZap project.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84865816237,

title = {Erratum to: Contemporary Reviews of Mine Water Studies in Europe, Part 2 (Mine Water and the Environment, (2005), 24, (2-37), 10.1007/s10230-005-0068-0)},

author = { C. Wolkersdorfer and R. Bowell and I.F. Walder and S. Nilssen and M.L. Räisänen and P. Heikkinen and K. Pulkkinen and K. Korkka-Niemi and V.P. Salonen and G. Destouni and A. Hasche and A.J. Witkowski and A. Blachère and S. Morel and D. Lefort and S. Midžić and I. Silajdžić and R.H. Coulton and K.P. Williams and B. Rees and K.B. Hallberg and D.B. Johnson},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865816237&doi=10.1007%2fs10230-012-0190-8&partnerID=40&md5=5667dd301327979596ca836a46fcaa97},

doi = {10.1007/s10230-012-0190-8},

issn = {10259112},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Mine Water and the Environment},

volume = {31},

number = {3},

pages = {237-238},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-80055093334,

title = {Hydrogeological aspects of realization of project "integrated system supporting management and protection of dammed reservoir (ZIZOZAP)" - An example of goczaikowice reservoir [Hydrogeologiczne aspekty realizacji projektu badawczego "zintegrowany system wspomagajacy zarzadzaniem i ochrona zbiornika zaporowego (ZIZOZAP)" Na przykladzie zbiornika goczalkowickiego]},

author = { M. Sołtysiak and A.J. Witkowski and J. Kaźmierczak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055093334&partnerID=40&md5=831fc3ea6eeab3f358e753015ee94fec},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {445 PART 2},

pages = {651-660},

abstract = {The article presents assumptions behind groundwater monitoring and preliminary results of the research carried within integrated system supporting management and protection of dammed reservoir (ZiZoZap)" project which is being conduced for Goczalkowice reservoir and its catchment in 2010-2014. The main objective for hydrogeologists in this project is to assess the role of groundwater in total water inflow into the reservoir and the influence of groundwater over the overall water quality of the reservoir. This objective will be fulfilled based on the results of complex monitoring research covering the entire hydrological cycle (rain; surface water; groundwater in unsaturated and saturated zone). These results should allow creation of integrated numeric model of Goczalkowice reservoir catchment as well as identification of factors and processes forming groundwater chemical composition in this catchment. So far, initial results of hydrogeological research indicate substantial local pollution of groundwater in Quaternary aquifers due to presence of nutrients including nitrates which max. concentration reached 173 mg/dm3.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78650117223,

title = {Impact assessment of municipal landfill in tychy on groundwater environment - modelling study [Ocena oddziaŁywania skŁadowiska odpadów komunalnych w tychach na środowisko wód podziemnych w świetle badań modelowych]},

author = { S.S. Sitek and A.J. Witkowski and A. Kowalczyk and A.M. Zurek-Pucek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650117223&partnerID=40&md5=316e76c3382513357b701345abf52ef7},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

urldate = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {442},

pages = {147-152},

abstract = {The municipal landfill in Tychy-Urbanowice consists of three sites, the old one closed in 1994 and two others in use. The old part, against two other ones, is not lined and, as a result, the landfill leachate deteriorates the quality of groundwater. The objective of the modelling study was to apply 3D transport modelling for assessment and prediction of municipal landfill impact within the Quaternary aquifer. The transient transport models using FeFlow software have been constructed. For single-species transport model boron has been chosen. The results indicate that the contamination plume of boron has been moved downstream from the old landfill towards the Gostynia River. The plume is currently about 750 meters long and 250 meters wide. The highest concentration of boron is 13 mg/1 under the old landfill and, as a result of dispersion, concentration decreases to 1-2 mg/l at the distance of 300 meters downwards from the old landfill, what was confirmed by both model simulation and monitoring network observation. The predictions made on the model show that contamination plume still spreads and higher level concentration of boron will be observed downstream from the old landfill site.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77957998577,

title = {What Polish mining owes to Polish hydrogeology?},

author = { A. Kowalczyk and A.J. Witkowski and A. Rózkowski and A. Szczepański and M. Rogoz and J. Przybyłek and S. Staśko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957998577&partnerID=40&md5=1b293b2e714bc440262d21565adcfb9f},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {58},

number = {9 PART 1},

pages = {774-786},

abstract = {Poland is endowed with the wealth of mineral resources, especially resources of coal and lignite, metal ores and mineral raw materials for chemical industry. Exploitation of these resources as a rule leads to inflow of water to mine workings and thus to various technical problems which have to be solved. Such problems arise at all the stages of management of mineral deposits, from reconnaissance and prospecting and exploration to preparing of a deposit for exploitation and exploitation and closing of mines. The water can have significant negative influence on prospecting and exploration and preparation of deposits to exploitation and creates a risk for mining operations and miners. Water inflow also results in environmental changes and increases extraction costs. The arising problems are technical and economic in character and the key for their solution is hydrogeology or, more precisely speaking, one of its more specialized branches - that is mining hydrogeology. The aim of this paper is to show the role and significance of hydrogeological works in management of mineral resources. A special attention is paid to the major achievements of Polish hydrology, which contributed to the developments in mining in our country and the world. Moreover, significance of contribution of hydrogeology at all the stages of mineral resources management, from reconnaissance and prospecting to exploitation of mineral deposits and closing of mines, is discussed. The presentation is of the review type and comprises examples of contributions of hydrogeology to exploration and documentation of individual mineral deposits, including assessments of mine water inflow and risks, environmental impact of mining operations and water management issues. It is worth to note that achievements of the mining hydrogeology from the last twenty years were mainly connected with working out methods for forecasting and assessments of environmental impact of closing the mines. In short, it may be stated that the actual contribution of Polish hydrogeology to the developments of mining sector is well shown by the presented examples concerning practically all the major mineral resources and the whole process of their management.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-46249126187,

title = {Groundwater recharge of carbonate aquifers of the Silesian-Cracow Triassic (southern Poland) under human impact},

author = { A. Kowalczyk and A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-46249126187&doi=10.1007%2fs00254-007-0999-9&partnerID=40&md5=250d212cea85df7597f5f987ae569654},

doi = {10.1007/s00254-007-0999-9},

issn = {09430105},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Geology},

volume = {55},

number = {2},

pages = {235-246},

abstract = {A Triassic carbonate unit has been intensively drained by zinc and lead ore mines and numerous borehole fields since the nineteenth century. Its groundwater recharge has increased due to: pumping of water from boreholes, mining activity, and urbanization. An approach to determine the amounts of the recharge at a variety of spatial scales is presented in the paper. Different methods were used to identify and quantify recharge components on a regional and local scale: mathematical modelling was performed for four aquifers included in an aquifer system, an analytical estimation based on the assumption that an average recharge is equal to the average discharge of the hydrogeological system-for six man-made drainage centres, and the method of water level fluctuation (WLF) was applied in one observation borehole. Results of modelling have been supplemented by observation of environmental tracers (δ18O; δ2H; 3H), noble gases temperatures, and 4Heexc in groundwater. The regional aquifer's current recharge according to estimations performed by means of modelling varies from 39 to 101 mm/year on average. Depending on the aquifer site the average precipitation ranges from 779 to 864 mm/year. In the confined part of the aquifer average recharge ranges from 26 to 61 mm/year. Within outcrops average recharge varies from 96 to 370 mm/year. Current recharge estimated by the analytical method for man-made drainage centres varies from 158 up to 440 mm/year. High values are caused by different recharge sources like precipitation, induced leakage from shallow aquifers, and water losses from streams, water mains and sewer systems. Pumping of water, mining and municipal activities constitute additional factors accounting for the intensified recharge. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-26444620279,

title = {Impact of anthropogenic factors on the potable groundwater chemistry in the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (USCB) [Kształtowanie sie chemizmu zwykłych wód podziemnych w regionie górnoślaskim w warunkach aktywnej antroporesji]},

author = { A. Rózkowski and A. Pacholewski and A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-26444620279&partnerID=40&md5=fa0f3e1b5f5340724d8afb20013e0baa},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {53},

number = {9},

pages = {742-752},

abstract = {The Upper Silesia urban-industrial region is one of the most industrialized areas in Europe, due to a concentration of mineral deposits, including hard coal, zinc and lead ores and other raw materials. Groundwater is pumped by wells and discharged by mines. Potable groundwater in this area occurs within the Neogene, Cretaceous, Triassic (over 60% of the groundwater resources) and Carboniferous formations.. Within these formations, 16 major aquifers fit the quantitative and qualitative criteria proposed by Kleczkowski (1990) and extend over the total area of about 3257 km2 (Fig. 2). Within the Pleistocene formation, nine major aquifers of porous character have been identified. They are situated in the areas of buried valleys and modern river valleys. The TDS content ranges from 47 to 1374 mg/L. More than 80% of samples represent quality classes II and III in the four-class scale of water quality, because of urban and industrial impacts. Within the Triassic carbonate formation, five major aquifers have been identified in fractured-karstic-porous dolomites and limestones. This water-hearing complex is overlain partly by impermeable Keuper clays and by permeable Holocene and Pleistocene sediments. The TDS values vary from 103 to 1519 mg/L. Generally groundwater in the Triassic aquifers is of a better quality (classes I and II). Poor quality water (classes III and IV) occurs only within Zn-Pb ore mining areas and in the areas impacted by urban agglomerations. The groundwater occurring in Carboniferous sandstones is generally of poor quality due to mining impact. Therefore, no major aquifers have been distinguished in the Carboniferous strata.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0037840479,

title = {Groundwater vulnerability map of the Chrzanów karst-fissured Triassic aquifer (Poland)},

author = { A.J. Witkowski and K. Rubin and A. Kowalczyk and A. Rózkowski and J. Wróbel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037840479&doi=10.1007%2fs00254-002-0735-4&partnerID=40&md5=f29331c98194fda05a49f0f16bbc591a},

doi = {10.1007/s00254-002-0735-4},

issn = {09430105},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Geology},

volume = {44},

number = {1},

pages = {59-67},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {A map shows intrinsic vulnerability to pollution of the Chrzanów karst-fissured aquifer (273 km2) in the southern part of Poland. This aquifer is intensively drained by numerous intakes and Zn-Pb ore mines. A DRASTIC-type parametric system was applied for groundwater vulnerability evaluation. Vulnerability assessment is based on six factors (depth to groundwater table, lithology of the unsaturated zone, net recharge, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, groundwater flow velocity, aquifer thickness). For the final vulnerability map construction at the scale of 1:50,000, a combination of the aquifer simulation model (using MODFLOW) and a geographical information system was applied. Maps of the net recharge, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer and groundwater flow velocity were derived by aquifer modelling. Based on the vulnerability index (21-182), six relative vulnerability classes were selected. Reliability of the map has been verified.},

note = {35},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-5944221401,

title = {Wyste(Combining ogonek sign)powanie, zasoby i użytkowanie zwykłych wód podziemnych w zlewni górnej Odry i górnej Wisły w zasiȩgu województwa katowickiego i bielskiego},

author = { A. Rózkowski and A. Kowalczyk and A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-5944221401&partnerID=40&md5=626199544e8fb0e281072055cf83fa23},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {44},

number = {8},

pages = {834-839},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-5944253046,

title = {Impact of lead/zinc ore mining on groundwater quality in Trzebionka mine (southern Poland)},

author = { B. Gajowiec and A.J. Witkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-5944253046&doi=10.1007%2fBF02914793&partnerID=40&md5=82e172d43cf733bee5063c6bcb063849},

doi = {10.1007/BF02914793},

issn = {02556960},

year  = {1993},

date = {1993-01-01},

journal = {Mine Water and the Environment},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {1-9},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag},

abstract = {The intensive mining activity carried out by "Trzebionka" zinc-lead mine causes changes in the hydrodynamic regime of the triassic aquifer as well as essential changes in the chemical composition of the groundwater. The mine water, in comparison with groundwaters collected directly from fractures and Karstic channels and with groundwaters pumped out from wells situated in Chrzanow region, is characterized by higher contents of almost all major dissolved constituents as, well as, many trace elements. Hydrogeochemical background of triassic carbonate series aquifer has been elaborated. Largest anomalies in extent of almost all elements have occurred in area of the "Trzebionka" mine. In this water general trend of increase of pH, total dissolved solids and SO42- concentration with simultaneous trends of decrease of Zn2+ and Pb2+ concentrations have been noticed. Water pumped out from the mine in spite of its low quality, is utilized in about 80% as potable water after undergoing complicated treatment. © 1993 Springer-Verlag.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}