• dr Krzysztof Gaidzik
Position: adiunkt
Unit: Instytut Nauk o Ziemi
Adress: 41-200 Sosnowiec, ul. Będzińska 60
Floor: IX
Room: 922
Phone: (32) 3689 325
E-mail: krzysztof.gaidzik@us.edu.pl
Publications list: Publications by CINiBA
Publications list: Publications by OPUS
Scopus Author ID: 36197894600
Publications from the Scopus database
2024
Ramírez-Herrera, M. T.; Corona, N.; Černý, J.; Gaidzik, K.; Sugawara, D.; Forman, S. L.; Machain, M. L.; Gogichaishvili, A.
Tsunami deposits highlight high-magnitude earthquake potential in the Guerrero seismic gap Mexico Journal Article
In: Communications Earth and Environment, vol. 5, no. 1, 2024, ISSN: 26624435, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85190261951,
title = {Tsunami deposits highlight high-magnitude earthquake potential in the Guerrero seismic gap Mexico},
author = { M.T. Ramírez-Herrera and N. Corona and J. Černý and K. Gaidzik and D. Sugawara and S.L. Forman and M.L. Machain and A. Gogichaishvili},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85190261951&doi=10.1038%2fs43247-024-01364-0&partnerID=40&md5=4f62b3cd2fb8e9fb5a65098470da8d05},
doi = {10.1038/s43247-024-01364-0},
issn = {26624435},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Communications Earth and Environment},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
abstract = {Globally, the largest tsunamigenic earthquakes have occurred along subduction zones. Devastating events exceeding magnitude 9, such as those in Chile, Sumatra, and Japan, struck in regions lacking instrumental records of similar events. Despite the absence of such events along the 1000-kilometer-long Mexican subduction zone, historical and geologic evidence suggests the occurrence of a magnitude 8.6 tsunamigenic earthquake. However, the Guerrero seismic gap has not experienced a high-magnitude earthquake in over 100 years. Here we present results on analyses of sediment grain size, geochemistry, microfossils, magnetic properties, and radiometric and optical stimulated luminescence dating conducted along the Guerrero coast. We provide evidence of a 2000-year history of large tsunamis triggered by potentially large earthquakes. Numerical modeling supports our findings, indicating a magnitude >8 event around the year 1300 in the Guerrero seismic gap. This evidence underscores the importance of assessing earthquake and tsunami potential using long-term evidence and instrumental observations along subduction zones globally. © The Author(s) 2024.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Globally, the largest tsunamigenic earthquakes have occurred along subduction zones. Devastating events exceeding magnitude 9, such as those in Chile, Sumatra, and Japan, struck in regions lacking instrumental records of similar events. Despite the absence of such events along the 1000-kilometer-long Mexican subduction zone, historical and geologic evidence suggests the occurrence of a magnitude 8.6 tsunamigenic earthquake. However, the Guerrero seismic gap has not experienced a high-magnitude earthquake in over 100 years. Here we present results on analyses of sediment grain size, geochemistry, microfossils, magnetic properties, and radiometric and optical stimulated luminescence dating conducted along the Guerrero coast. We provide evidence of a 2000-year history of large tsunamis triggered by potentially large earthquakes. Numerical modeling supports our findings, indicating a magnitude >8 event around the year 1300 in the Guerrero seismic gap. This evidence underscores the importance of assessing earthquake and tsunami potential using long-term evidence and instrumental observations along subduction zones globally. © The Author(s) 2024.
Gaidzik, K.; Mendecki, M. J.; Kázmér, M.
Historical earthquakes in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, true or false? Unveiling insights through archaeoseismology Journal Article
In: Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 344, 2024, ISSN: 02773791.
@article{2-s2.0-85203843152,
title = {Historical earthquakes in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, true or false? Unveiling insights through archaeoseismology},
author = { K. Gaidzik and M.J. Mendecki and M. Kázmér},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85203843152&doi=10.1016%2fj.quascirev.2024.108960&partnerID=40&md5=25dbd55431f28fb8cbc29a1230e7761f},
doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108960},
issn = {02773791},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
volume = {344},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The Holy Cross Mountains are an intraplate range with a limited historical seismicity record. The only documented earthquakes include the February 6, 1837 M 4.3 event, which caused ground cracks, and swarm events from February 1932 (M ∼ 3.5), likely triggered by the Holy Cross Fault (HCF) or sub-perpendicular faults. The apparent lack of older destructive earthquakes in historical catalogs motivated us to conduct archaeoseismological research to improve seismic hazard assessment, risk mitigation, and urban planning strategies, ultimately benefiting local communities. We focused on the 12th-century Collegiate church of Saint Martin in Opatów, located near the Holly Cross Fault (HCF). We report numerous damage features, such as leaning, bulging, and twisted walls, dropped keystones in Romanesque and Gothic portals, strike-slip displacements of these portals, surplus, oversized buttresses, and walled-up portals. While some deformations may result from humid loess instability and war destructions, our data, combined with historical records, suggest two to three seismic events in the past 800 years as a cause. We argue these deformations were co-seismically triggered by either large far-field events, like the 1259 AD earthquake, or local, shallow small-magnitude events significantly amplified by site effects. This indicates potential seismic activity in the Holy Cross Mountains during Medieval times. The absence of historical records does not imply the absence of earthquakes. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
The Holy Cross Mountains are an intraplate range with a limited historical seismicity record. The only documented earthquakes include the February 6, 1837 M 4.3 event, which caused ground cracks, and swarm events from February 1932 (M ∼ 3.5), likely triggered by the Holy Cross Fault (HCF) or sub-perpendicular faults. The apparent lack of older destructive earthquakes in historical catalogs motivated us to conduct archaeoseismological research to improve seismic hazard assessment, risk mitigation, and urban planning strategies, ultimately benefiting local communities. We focused on the 12th-century Collegiate church of Saint Martin in Opatów, located near the Holly Cross Fault (HCF). We report numerous damage features, such as leaning, bulging, and twisted walls, dropped keystones in Romanesque and Gothic portals, strike-slip displacements of these portals, surplus, oversized buttresses, and walled-up portals. While some deformations may result from humid loess instability and war destructions, our data, combined with historical records, suggest two to three seismic events in the past 800 years as a cause. We argue these deformations were co-seismically triggered by either large far-field events, like the 1259 AD earthquake, or local, shallow small-magnitude events significantly amplified by site effects. This indicates potential seismic activity in the Holy Cross Mountains during Medieval times. The absence of historical records does not imply the absence of earthquakes. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Woszczycka, M.; Gaidzik, K.; Figueroa, R. M. A.; Mendecki, M. J.; Benavente, C.
In: Seismological Research Letters, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 2464-2484, 2024, ISSN: 08950695.
@article{2-s2.0-85197469150,
title = {Unraveling the Complex Interplay: Exploring the Relationships between Seismic and Volcanic Activities in the Colca River Area Using the Coulomb Stress Transfer},
author = { M. Woszczycka and K. Gaidzik and R.M.A. Figueroa and M.J. Mendecki and C. Benavente},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85197469150&doi=10.1785%2f0220230261&partnerID=40&md5=28455f865b0275b9aaab979f5758f34d},
doi = {10.1785/0220230261},
issn = {08950695},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Seismological Research Letters},
volume = {95},
number = {4},
pages = {2464-2484},
publisher = {Seismological Society of America},
abstract = {The Colca River area is affected by shallow small-to-moderate earthquakes due to the activity of normal and strike-slip crustal faults on the overriding South American plate. In addition, volcanic activity from the Sabancaya volcano has been recorded. However, the complex relationship between seismic and volcanic activities and the factors that trigger them are poorly understood. To better understand the factors that influence seismic and volcanic activity and their potential connection, it is crucial to characterize the interactions between subsequent earthquakes and assess the impact of magmatic inflation on seismic events. In this study, we analyzed the static Coulomb stress transfer caused by the selected largest earthquakes from 1991 to 2022. We focused on both the assumed source faults and the receiver faults. Furthermore, we examined the Coulomb stress change due to magmatic inflation in 2013–2022 on nodal planes of the selected earthquakes. The results confirm the tectonic source for most earthquakes in the Colca region. Commonly, the magmatic source enhanced the stress change induced by the tectonic source. Although the Coulomb stress change caused by the significant earthquakes had a greater impact than the one resulting from the magmatic inflation, the Coulomb stress transfer seems not to be a dominant factor determining the occurrence and location of earthquakes in this area. The results indicate that most source faults of the analyzed earthquakes were not brought closer to failure due to a positive Coulomb stress transfer caused by seismic activity or magmatic inflation. © Seismological Society of America.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Colca River area is affected by shallow small-to-moderate earthquakes due to the activity of normal and strike-slip crustal faults on the overriding South American plate. In addition, volcanic activity from the Sabancaya volcano has been recorded. However, the complex relationship between seismic and volcanic activities and the factors that trigger them are poorly understood. To better understand the factors that influence seismic and volcanic activity and their potential connection, it is crucial to characterize the interactions between subsequent earthquakes and assess the impact of magmatic inflation on seismic events. In this study, we analyzed the static Coulomb stress transfer caused by the selected largest earthquakes from 1991 to 2022. We focused on both the assumed source faults and the receiver faults. Furthermore, we examined the Coulomb stress change due to magmatic inflation in 2013–2022 on nodal planes of the selected earthquakes. The results confirm the tectonic source for most earthquakes in the Colca region. Commonly, the magmatic source enhanced the stress change induced by the tectonic source. Although the Coulomb stress change caused by the significant earthquakes had a greater impact than the one resulting from the magmatic inflation, the Coulomb stress transfer seems not to be a dominant factor determining the occurrence and location of earthquakes in this area. The results indicate that most source faults of the analyzed earthquakes were not brought closer to failure due to a positive Coulomb stress transfer caused by seismic activity or magmatic inflation. © Seismological Society of America.
Ciesielczuk, J.; Fabiańska, M. J.; Gaidzik, K.; Nádudvari, Á.; Misz-Kennan, M.; Abramowicz, A. K.
Botryoidal and spherulitic hematite as experimental evidence of highly acidic conditions in burning coal-waste dumps and potentially on Mars Journal Article
In: Science of the Total Environment, vol. 932, 2024, ISSN: 00489697.
@article{2-s2.0-85192675104,
title = {Botryoidal and spherulitic hematite as experimental evidence of highly acidic conditions in burning coal-waste dumps and potentially on Mars},
author = { J. Ciesielczuk and M.J. Fabiańska and K. Gaidzik and Á. Nádudvari and M. Misz-Kennan and A.K. Abramowicz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85192675104&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2024.172759&partnerID=40&md5=8f65b9a149d2bec607a78bbb4145667b},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172759},
issn = {00489697},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
volume = {932},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {In the extreme setting of burning coal-waste dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland, botryoidal and spherulitic hematite occurs in association with sulphates and chlorides. A series of simple experiments aimed at replicating the conditions leading to the formation of hematite spherules on the burning dumps are described. Goethite synthesised in the laboratory, mixed with various combinations of other reactants, was heated in a heating chamber or a tubular furnace. Temperature, duration of heating, water and oxygen access, and pH were experimental variables. The results show that hematite may form spherules from goethite where access to oxygen is limited and where conditions are strongly acidic. The spherulitic shape of hematite produced due to dynamically changing physicochemical conditions in the burning dumps can be an indicator of an extremely acidic environment during the closing stages of coal-waste self-heating. The conditions of hematitic-spherule formation on burning coal-waste dumps may apply in a variety of other unrelated settings, e.g., waning volcanism, sulphuric acid speleologenesis and even the formation of blueberries on Mars. © 2024 The Authors},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the extreme setting of burning coal-waste dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland, botryoidal and spherulitic hematite occurs in association with sulphates and chlorides. A series of simple experiments aimed at replicating the conditions leading to the formation of hematite spherules on the burning dumps are described. Goethite synthesised in the laboratory, mixed with various combinations of other reactants, was heated in a heating chamber or a tubular furnace. Temperature, duration of heating, water and oxygen access, and pH were experimental variables. The results show that hematite may form spherules from goethite where access to oxygen is limited and where conditions are strongly acidic. The spherulitic shape of hematite produced due to dynamically changing physicochemical conditions in the burning dumps can be an indicator of an extremely acidic environment during the closing stages of coal-waste self-heating. The conditions of hematitic-spherule formation on burning coal-waste dumps may apply in a variety of other unrelated settings, e.g., waning volcanism, sulphuric acid speleologenesis and even the formation of blueberries on Mars. © 2024 The Authors
Kázmér, M.; Al-Tawalbeh, M.; Gaidzik, K.
Destructive Intraplate Earthquakes in Arabia—The Archeoseismological Evidence Proceedings
Springer Nature, 2024, ISSN: 25228714.
@proceedings{2-s2.0-85189355139,
title = {Destructive Intraplate Earthquakes in Arabia—The Archeoseismological Evidence},
author = { M. Kázmér and M. Al-Tawalbeh and K. Gaidzik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85189355139&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-031-43218-7_93&partnerID=40&md5=1a7c8310cebe9fc96e6eee08efdc9d9d},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-43218-7_93},
issn = {25228714},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation},
pages = {401-403},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
abstract = {The Arabian Plate is surrounded by seismically highly active margins, while the plate interior is seemingly aseismic. To add unknown events to the historical catalog, new archeoseismological studies of four intraplate sites are presented here. We surveyed buildings seeking evidence of seismic damage and/or following reconstructions, assigned destruction intensity values, and dated destruction events based on building stratigraphy and historical sources. Qalhat in northern Oman is a ruined Medieval city. It is > 300 km from the closest plate boundary of the Makran subduction. An earthquake caused I = VII damage in 1494, from which it recovered. The next event, causing I = XI damage, occurred between 1570 and 1592 AD, yielding destruction. Julfar city near Ras al-Khaimah (United Arab Emirates), > 100 km from the Zagros collision zone, suffered I = VIII damage in the late fifteenth century. Palmyra (Syria) is > 180 km from the Dead Sea Fault. A preliminary survey identified evidence for earthquake(s) causing I = VII and more severe damage. Umm al-Jimal in northern Jordan is > 70 km from the Dead Sea Fault. I = VII damage occurred in the city during late Byzantine times, between 550 and 650 AD, from which it recovered. However, following I = IX damage at the end of the Umayyad period, it was abandoned. It is suggested that systematic archeoseismological studies can provide evidence for destructive earthquakes in Arabia, for which written documentation was lost. Promising sites are along the coasts of the Gulf of Oman, the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, the Zagros foreland in Iraq and Syria, eastern Jordan, the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia, and much of Yemen. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
The Arabian Plate is surrounded by seismically highly active margins, while the plate interior is seemingly aseismic. To add unknown events to the historical catalog, new archeoseismological studies of four intraplate sites are presented here. We surveyed buildings seeking evidence of seismic damage and/or following reconstructions, assigned destruction intensity values, and dated destruction events based on building stratigraphy and historical sources. Qalhat in northern Oman is a ruined Medieval city. It is > 300 km from the closest plate boundary of the Makran subduction. An earthquake caused I = VII damage in 1494, from which it recovered. The next event, causing I = XI damage, occurred between 1570 and 1592 AD, yielding destruction. Julfar city near Ras al-Khaimah (United Arab Emirates), > 100 km from the Zagros collision zone, suffered I = VIII damage in the late fifteenth century. Palmyra (Syria) is > 180 km from the Dead Sea Fault. A preliminary survey identified evidence for earthquake(s) causing I = VII and more severe damage. Umm al-Jimal in northern Jordan is > 70 km from the Dead Sea Fault. I = VII damage occurred in the city during late Byzantine times, between 550 and 650 AD, from which it recovered. However, following I = IX damage at the end of the Umayyad period, it was abandoned. It is suggested that systematic archeoseismological studies can provide evidence for destructive earthquakes in Arabia, for which written documentation was lost. Promising sites are along the coasts of the Gulf of Oman, the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, the Zagros foreland in Iraq and Syria, eastern Jordan, the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia, and much of Yemen. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
2023
Kázmér, M.; Gaidzik, K.; Al-Tawalbeh, M.; Steinritz, V.; Reicherter, K. R.; Hoffmann, G.
Seismic catastrophes in historical times in Arabia – Destruction of the city of Qalhat (Oman) in the 16th century Journal Article
In: Quaternary International, vol. 664, pp. 42-58, 2023, ISSN: 10406182.
@article{2-s2.0-85160414821,
title = {Seismic catastrophes in historical times in Arabia – Destruction of the city of Qalhat (Oman) in the 16th century},
author = { M. Kázmér and K. Gaidzik and M. Al-Tawalbeh and V. Steinritz and K.R. Reicherter and G. Hoffmann},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85160414821&doi=10.1016%2fj.quaint.2023.05.016&partnerID=40&md5=9cec05e1e5feb5f1988bc31d53ad3e6e},
doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2023.05.016},
issn = {10406182},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Quaternary International},
volume = {664},
pages = {42-58},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The Arabian Peninsula is surrounded by seismically highly active plate margins, while the interior seems to be free from destructive earthquakes. We report two historical earthquakes in Qalhat, Oman, >300 km from any plate boundary and provide archaeoseismological analysis of ruined buildings. The first quake hit the city in 1497 AD with an intensity VII at most; the community survived and damage was repaired. The second event caused total devastation (intensity X-XI), sometime between 1580 and 1592. The city never recovered from the latter; it has been a field of ruins ever since. ShakeMap modeling yielded magnitude Mw 5.5 for the first and Mw 6.5–7.0 for the second earthquake. We suggest that the strike-slip Tiwi Fault or the reverse Qalhat Fault caused the first, while the reverse Qalhat Fault might have caused the second earthquake. © 2023 The Authors},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Arabian Peninsula is surrounded by seismically highly active plate margins, while the interior seems to be free from destructive earthquakes. We report two historical earthquakes in Qalhat, Oman, >300 km from any plate boundary and provide archaeoseismological analysis of ruined buildings. The first quake hit the city in 1497 AD with an intensity VII at most; the community survived and damage was repaired. The second event caused total devastation (intensity X-XI), sometime between 1580 and 1592. The city never recovered from the latter; it has been a field of ruins ever since. ShakeMap modeling yielded magnitude Mw 5.5 for the first and Mw 6.5–7.0 for the second earthquake. We suggest that the strike-slip Tiwi Fault or the reverse Qalhat Fault caused the first, while the reverse Qalhat Fault might have caused the second earthquake. © 2023 The Authors
Kázmér, M.; Rupnik, P. Jamšek; Gaidzik, K.
Seismic Activity in the Celje Basin (Slovenia) in Roman Times—Archaeoseismological Evidence from Celeia Journal Article
In: Quaternary, vol. 6, no. 1, 2023, ISSN: 2571550X, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85150980921,
title = {Seismic Activity in the Celje Basin (Slovenia) in Roman Times—Archaeoseismological Evidence from Celeia},
author = { M. Kázmér and P. Jamšek Rupnik and K. Gaidzik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85150980921&doi=10.3390%2fquat6010010&partnerID=40&md5=aaa13b8387694d1835aad06a7203877d},
doi = {10.3390/quat6010010},
issn = {2571550X},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Quaternary},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
publisher = {MDPI},
abstract = {Searching for unknown earthquakes in Slovenia in the first millennium, we performed archaeoseismological analysis of Roman settlements. The Mesto pod mestom museum in Celje exhibits a paved Roman road, which suffered severe deformation. Built on fine gravel and sand from the Savinja River, the road displays a bulge and trench, pop-up structures, and pavement slabs tilted up to 40°. The city wall was built over the deformed road in Late Roman times, supported by a foundation containing recycled material (spolia) from public buildings, including an emperor’s statue. We hypothesize that a severe earthquake hit the town before 350 AD, causing widespread destruction. Seismic-induced liquefaction caused differential subsidence, deforming the road. One of the nearby faults from the strike-slip Periadriatic fault system was the seismic source of this event. © 2023 by the authors.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Searching for unknown earthquakes in Slovenia in the first millennium, we performed archaeoseismological analysis of Roman settlements. The Mesto pod mestom museum in Celje exhibits a paved Roman road, which suffered severe deformation. Built on fine gravel and sand from the Savinja River, the road displays a bulge and trench, pop-up structures, and pavement slabs tilted up to 40°. The city wall was built over the deformed road in Late Roman times, supported by a foundation containing recycled material (spolia) from public buildings, including an emperor’s statue. We hypothesize that a severe earthquake hit the town before 350 AD, causing widespread destruction. Seismic-induced liquefaction caused differential subsidence, deforming the road. One of the nearby faults from the strike-slip Periadriatic fault system was the seismic source of this event. © 2023 by the authors.
Gaidzik, K.; Kázmér, M.
In: Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 301, 2023, ISSN: 02773791, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85145595177,
title = {The Børglum fault was active in historical times. Comment on ‘The near-surface structure in the area of the Børglum fault, Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone, northern Denmark: Implications for fault kinematics, timing of fault activity and fault control on tunnel valley formation’ by Brandes et al. [Quat. Sci. Rev. 289 (2022) 107619]},
author = { K. Gaidzik and M. Kázmér},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145595177&doi=10.1016%2fj.quascirev.2022.107933&partnerID=40&md5=7efe95ca71265352fdd05d1f413e78b3},
doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107933},
issn = {02773791},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
volume = {301},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {Brandes et al. (2022) provided a detailed study of the Børglum fault, a branch of the Sorgenfrei-Torquist Zone, in northern Denmark, based on seismic profiles, borehole, and outcrop data. They suggest that the last fault displacement occurred between 14.5ka and 12ka. We wish to highlight the widespread deformed churches in the region: their damage was caused by seismic activity in historical times (13–16th century). Displacement along the Børglum fault, therefore, did not cease before the Holocene but rather has been active at least up to the 16th century. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brandes et al. (2022) provided a detailed study of the Børglum fault, a branch of the Sorgenfrei-Torquist Zone, in northern Denmark, based on seismic profiles, borehole, and outcrop data. They suggest that the last fault displacement occurred between 14.5ka and 12ka. We wish to highlight the widespread deformed churches in the region: their damage was caused by seismic activity in historical times (13–16th century). Displacement along the Børglum fault, therefore, did not cease before the Holocene but rather has been active at least up to the 16th century. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Yakovlev, F. L.; Gaidzik, K.; Voytenko, V. N.; Frolova, N. S.
Balanced cross-section restoration in a complicated folded hinterland structure: Shilbilisaj profile, Talas ridge, Caledonian Tien Shan Journal Article
In: Terra Nova, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1-14, 2023, ISSN: 09544879, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85135824511,
title = {Balanced cross-section restoration in a complicated folded hinterland structure: Shilbilisaj profile, Talas ridge, Caledonian Tien Shan},
author = { F.L. Yakovlev and K. Gaidzik and V.N. Voytenko and N.S. Frolova},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135824511&doi=10.1111%2fter.12614&partnerID=40&md5=0c8ec4cd4038cba9e9cbd733d705d53a},
doi = {10.1111/ter.12614},
issn = {09544879},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Terra Nova},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {1-14},
publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},
abstract = {Conventional cross-section balancing techniques based on layer length measuring can be applied only for foreland structures. To analyse complicated hinterland structure with numerous small-scale folds, this balancing technique requires the reliable and detailed tracing of the morphology of any layer throughout the cross-section, which is unattainable. We present a special kinematic method of balancing cross sections based “on the geometry of the folded domain” which enables the structural restoration of hinterland regions. We apply the method to restore the detailed structural section along the Shilbilisaj River, having a length of 26 km. We divided this section into 40–60 so-called “domains” each including 2–7 folds. Our method uses the fold's morphology to determine the strain ellipsoid, which describes the deformation of each domain and is used to restore its pre-folded state. By combining the pre-folded states of the domains, we reconstruct the entire profile, and calculate shortening values as K = L0/L1 (initial to final length). The overall shortening value for the profile is 4.49, incrementally varying along the section from 3.79 to 5.53. The comparable results of two independently performed reconstructions emphasize the reliability of the applied balancing method. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Conventional cross-section balancing techniques based on layer length measuring can be applied only for foreland structures. To analyse complicated hinterland structure with numerous small-scale folds, this balancing technique requires the reliable and detailed tracing of the morphology of any layer throughout the cross-section, which is unattainable. We present a special kinematic method of balancing cross sections based “on the geometry of the folded domain” which enables the structural restoration of hinterland regions. We apply the method to restore the detailed structural section along the Shilbilisaj River, having a length of 26 km. We divided this section into 40–60 so-called “domains” each including 2–7 folds. Our method uses the fold's morphology to determine the strain ellipsoid, which describes the deformation of each domain and is used to restore its pre-folded state. By combining the pre-folded states of the domains, we reconstruct the entire profile, and calculate shortening values as K = L0/L1 (initial to final length). The overall shortening value for the profile is 4.49, incrementally varying along the section from 3.79 to 5.53. The comparable results of two independently performed reconstructions emphasize the reliability of the applied balancing method. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Kázmér, M.; Al-Tawalbeh, M.; Erzsébet, Győri; Laszlovszky, J.; Gaidzik, K.
In: Foldtani Kozlony, vol. 153, no. 4, pp. 357-374, 2023, ISSN: 0015542X.
@article{2-s2.0-85185682791,
title = {Destruction of Visegrád before the Ottoman occupation – historical and archaeoseismological data on the 1541 earthquake [Visegrád pusztulása az oszmán-török hódoltság előtt – az 1541-es földrengés történeti és archeoszeizmológiai nézőpontból]},
author = { M. Kázmér and M. Al-Tawalbeh and Győri Erzsébet and J. Laszlovszky and K. Gaidzik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185682791&doi=10.23928%2ffoldt.kozl.2023.153.4.357&partnerID=40&md5=04c23e7ca05a6b938c7b174ce26a2b9b},
doi = {10.23928/foldt.kozl.2023.153.4.357},
issn = {0015542X},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Foldtani Kozlony},
volume = {153},
number = {4},
pages = {357-374},
publisher = {Hungarian Geological Society},
abstract = {The Danube Bend was the site of the proposed Nagymaros dam, part of the Gabčikovo–Nagymaros hydropower complex in Slovakia and Hungary. The dam was designed in the 1970s to resist intensity VI seismic events. We present historical and archaeological evidence for an intensity IX earthquake on 21 August 1541, which destroyed buildings in the royal town of Visegrád. Evidence includes vertical fissures cutting through the 30 m high, 13th century donjon Salamon Tower, built on hard rock. Some parts of the 15th century Franciscan friary situated in the town of Visegrád, built on the alluvial plain, collapsed due to liquefaction of the subsoil. The date of a potentially responsible earthquake on 21 August 1541 was recorded in a sermon of the eyewitness Lutheran minister Péter Bornemisza, living at Pest, 35 km away. Taken by the Ottoman army in 1544, the royal town and the palace of Visegrád lost strategic importance, never to be rebuilt. Photographs and drawings of the donjon made three centuries later faithfully reflect the status of 16th century seismic damage, corroborated by modern archaeological excavations in the ecclesiastic complex. Investigations in historical seismology and archaeoseismology are essential components during planning of critical facilities. © 2023, Hungarian Geological Society. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Danube Bend was the site of the proposed Nagymaros dam, part of the Gabčikovo–Nagymaros hydropower complex in Slovakia and Hungary. The dam was designed in the 1970s to resist intensity VI seismic events. We present historical and archaeological evidence for an intensity IX earthquake on 21 August 1541, which destroyed buildings in the royal town of Visegrád. Evidence includes vertical fissures cutting through the 30 m high, 13th century donjon Salamon Tower, built on hard rock. Some parts of the 15th century Franciscan friary situated in the town of Visegrád, built on the alluvial plain, collapsed due to liquefaction of the subsoil. The date of a potentially responsible earthquake on 21 August 1541 was recorded in a sermon of the eyewitness Lutheran minister Péter Bornemisza, living at Pest, 35 km away. Taken by the Ottoman army in 1544, the royal town and the palace of Visegrád lost strategic importance, never to be rebuilt. Photographs and drawings of the donjon made three centuries later faithfully reflect the status of 16th century seismic damage, corroborated by modern archaeological excavations in the ecclesiastic complex. Investigations in historical seismology and archaeoseismology are essential components during planning of critical facilities. © 2023, Hungarian Geological Society. All rights reserved.
2022
Kázmér, M.; Prizomwala, S.; Gaidzik, K.
8th century coastal uplift in Peninsular India – The Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu Journal Article
In: Quaternary International, vol. 638-639, pp. 140-147, 2022, ISSN: 10406182, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85124711269,
title = {8th century coastal uplift in Peninsular India – The Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu},
author = { M. Kázmér and S. Prizomwala and K. Gaidzik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124711269&doi=10.1016%2fj.quaint.2022.02.014&partnerID=40&md5=b368e127b0267d8ee1821d8542361e77},
doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2022.02.014},
issn = {10406182},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Quaternary International},
volume = {638-639},
pages = {140-147},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The Shore Temple in Mahabalipuram (Tamil Nadu; Southern India) exists since the late 7th century. Historical sources suggest that it was built on an island in honour of the gods Vishnu and Shiva. A former bridge over the canal, which separated the island from the mainland, and a seawall, which protected the shore from the waves are dysfunctional now, as they are located too high above the present day sea level. A holy well, part of the temple complex, reaches down to the modern freshwater lens. We suggest that about 1 m uplift occurred after the construction of the temple, the canal and the seawall, but before the construction of the well. This event during the reign of King Rajasimhan in the early 8th century most likely was caused by an earthquake of magnitude M > 6.5 that led to the uplift of the island. There are thick walls of a ruined masonry building in the former, sand-filled canal, tilted in various directions. These are evidence for liquefaction of subsoil, caused by a second earthquake of intensity IX-X. The east coast of India has remained prone to destructive earthquakes: archaeoseismology proves to be useful tool which can help to identify these areas. © 2022 The Author(s)},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Shore Temple in Mahabalipuram (Tamil Nadu; Southern India) exists since the late 7th century. Historical sources suggest that it was built on an island in honour of the gods Vishnu and Shiva. A former bridge over the canal, which separated the island from the mainland, and a seawall, which protected the shore from the waves are dysfunctional now, as they are located too high above the present day sea level. A holy well, part of the temple complex, reaches down to the modern freshwater lens. We suggest that about 1 m uplift occurred after the construction of the temple, the canal and the seawall, but before the construction of the well. This event during the reign of King Rajasimhan in the early 8th century most likely was caused by an earthquake of magnitude M > 6.5 that led to the uplift of the island. There are thick walls of a ruined masonry building in the former, sand-filled canal, tilted in various directions. These are evidence for liquefaction of subsoil, caused by a second earthquake of intensity IX-X. The east coast of India has remained prone to destructive earthquakes: archaeoseismology proves to be useful tool which can help to identify these areas. © 2022 The Author(s)
Michalak, M. P.; Teper, L.; Wellmann, F.; Żaba, J.; Gaidzik, K.; Kostur, M.; Maystrenko, Y. P.; Leonowicz, P.
Clustering has a meaning: optimization of angular similarity to detect 3D geometric anomalies in geological terrains Journal Article
In: Solid Earth, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 1697-1720, 2022, ISSN: 18699510, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85142623026,
title = {Clustering has a meaning: optimization of angular similarity to detect 3D geometric anomalies in geological terrains},
author = { M.P. Michalak and L. Teper and F. Wellmann and J. Żaba and K. Gaidzik and M. Kostur and Y.P. Maystrenko and P. Leonowicz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142623026&doi=10.5194%2fse-13-1697-2022&partnerID=40&md5=3f09f8d3280894dcbff7e63339430bf5},
doi = {10.5194/se-13-1697-2022},
issn = {18699510},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Solid Earth},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {1697-1720},
publisher = {Copernicus Publications},
abstract = {The geological potential of sparse subsurface data is not being fully exploited since the available workflows are not specifically designed to detect and interpret 3D geometric anomalies hidden in the data. We develop a new unsupervised machine learning framework to cluster and analyze the spatial distribution of orientations sampled throughout a geological interface. Our method employs Delaunay triangulation and clustering with the squared Euclidean distance to cluster local unit orientations, which results in minimization of the within-cluster cosine distance. We performed the clustering on two representations of the triangles: normal and dip vectors. The classes resulting from clustering were attached to a geometric center of a triangle (irregular version). We also developed a regular version of spatial clustering which allows the question to be answered as to whether points from a grid structure can be affected by anomalies. To illustrate the usefulness of the combination between cosine distance as a dissimilarity metric and two cartographic versions, we analyzed subsurface data documenting two horizons: (1) the bottom Jurassic surface from the Central European Basin System (CEBS) and (2) an interface between Middle Jurassic units within the Kraków-Silesian Homocline (KSH), which is a part of the CEBS. The empirical results suggest that clustering normal vectors may result in near-collinear cluster centers and boundaries between clusters of similar trend, thus pointing to axis of a potential megacylinder. Clustering dip vectors, on the other hand, resulted in near-co-circular cluster centers, thus pointing to a potential megacone. We also show that the linear arrangements of the anomalies and their topological relationships and internal structure can provide insights regarding the internal structure of the singularity, e.g., whether it may be due to drilling a nonvertical fault plane or due to a wider deformation zone composed of many smaller faults. Copyright © 2022 Michał P. Michalak et al.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The geological potential of sparse subsurface data is not being fully exploited since the available workflows are not specifically designed to detect and interpret 3D geometric anomalies hidden in the data. We develop a new unsupervised machine learning framework to cluster and analyze the spatial distribution of orientations sampled throughout a geological interface. Our method employs Delaunay triangulation and clustering with the squared Euclidean distance to cluster local unit orientations, which results in minimization of the within-cluster cosine distance. We performed the clustering on two representations of the triangles: normal and dip vectors. The classes resulting from clustering were attached to a geometric center of a triangle (irregular version). We also developed a regular version of spatial clustering which allows the question to be answered as to whether points from a grid structure can be affected by anomalies. To illustrate the usefulness of the combination between cosine distance as a dissimilarity metric and two cartographic versions, we analyzed subsurface data documenting two horizons: (1) the bottom Jurassic surface from the Central European Basin System (CEBS) and (2) an interface between Middle Jurassic units within the Kraków-Silesian Homocline (KSH), which is a part of the CEBS. The empirical results suggest that clustering normal vectors may result in near-collinear cluster centers and boundaries between clusters of similar trend, thus pointing to axis of a potential megacylinder. Clustering dip vectors, on the other hand, resulted in near-co-circular cluster centers, thus pointing to a potential megacone. We also show that the linear arrangements of the anomalies and their topological relationships and internal structure can provide insights regarding the internal structure of the singularity, e.g., whether it may be due to drilling a nonvertical fault plane or due to a wider deformation zone composed of many smaller faults. Copyright © 2022 Michał P. Michalak et al.
Mariotto, F. A. Pasquarè; Gaidzik, K.
Editorial: Extensional basins associated with collisional tectonics Book
Frontiers Media S.A., 2022, ISSN: 22966463.
@book{2-s2.0-85141986876,
title = {Editorial: Extensional basins associated with collisional tectonics},
author = { F.A. Pasquarè Mariotto and K. Gaidzik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141986876&doi=10.3389%2ffeart.2022.1066834&partnerID=40&md5=73df4daa2b55a98ee83c6251b7303df4},
doi = {10.3389/feart.2022.1066834},
issn = {22966463},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
volume = {10},
publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
abstract = {[No abstract available]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
[No abstract available]
Kolářová, K.; Černý, J.; Melichar, R.; Schnabl, P.; Gaidzik, K.
Reconstruction of ancient volcanic complexes using magnetic signature: A case study from Cambrian andesite lava flow, Bohemian Massif Journal Article
In: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol. 428, 2022, ISSN: 03770273, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85131436655,
title = {Reconstruction of ancient volcanic complexes using magnetic signature: A case study from Cambrian andesite lava flow, Bohemian Massif},
author = { K. Kolářová and J. Černý and R. Melichar and P. Schnabl and K. Gaidzik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131436655&doi=10.1016%2fj.jvolgeores.2022.107591&partnerID=40&md5=94d04159d1106c581181923b6b8a1493},
doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107591},
issn = {03770273},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
volume = {428},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Reconstruction of the Upper Cambrian Křivoklát-Rokycany Volcanic Complex was made using anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). The correlation of AMS with visible structures at a few sites showed that the most important and reliable information was the direction of magnetic lineation K1 that determines the direction of a lava flow. The analysis of K1 directions together with radially propagating dikes helped to determine the feeding area along the NW rim of the volcanic complex. One andesite feeder and one rhyodacite feeder were recognized with certainty. In addition, K1 directions pointed to a suspicious area with the presence of another andesite feeder in a caldera-like structure. The evaluation of data strongly suggests that magnetic susceptibility in andesite lavas increases with the distance from the feeder and also with the distance towards the upper part of the andesitic lava flow. We suggest that this might be related to the degree of oxidation of the lava flow before solidification as a reaction with oxygen in the atmosphere. Oxygen can react with FeO in the andesite melt, which consequently results in the formation of magnetite. © 2022},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Reconstruction of the Upper Cambrian Křivoklát-Rokycany Volcanic Complex was made using anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). The correlation of AMS with visible structures at a few sites showed that the most important and reliable information was the direction of magnetic lineation K1 that determines the direction of a lava flow. The analysis of K1 directions together with radially propagating dikes helped to determine the feeding area along the NW rim of the volcanic complex. One andesite feeder and one rhyodacite feeder were recognized with certainty. In addition, K1 directions pointed to a suspicious area with the presence of another andesite feeder in a caldera-like structure. The evaluation of data strongly suggests that magnetic susceptibility in andesite lavas increases with the distance from the feeder and also with the distance towards the upper part of the andesitic lava flow. We suggest that this might be related to the degree of oxidation of the lava flow before solidification as a reaction with oxygen in the atmosphere. Oxygen can react with FeO in the andesite melt, which consequently results in the formation of magnetite. © 2022
Tyc, A.; Gaidzik, K.; Ciesielczuk, J.; Masías, P.; Paulo, A.; Postawa, A.; Żaba, J.
Thermal springs and active fault network of the central Colca River basin, Western Cordillera, Peru Journal Article
In: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol. 424, 2022, ISSN: 03770273, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85125448690,
title = {Thermal springs and active fault network of the central Colca River basin, Western Cordillera, Peru},
author = { A. Tyc and K. Gaidzik and J. Ciesielczuk and P. Masías and A. Paulo and A. Postawa and J. Żaba},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125448690&doi=10.1016%2fj.jvolgeores.2022.107513&partnerID=40&md5=477bd07f9cfc539c6704bed449798733},
doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107513},
issn = {03770273},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
volume = {424},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Thermal waters and vapor discharges (hot springs; geysers; solfataras; and fumaroles) are common phenomena in volcanic regions at active plate boundaries, and the Central Andes are no exception. The Colca River basin in S Peru is a highly diversified and complex thermal region with unresolved questions on the origin of thermal fluids, reservoir temperature, and connections with tectonic and/or volcanic activity. To answer these, we used hydrogeochemical analysis of 35 water samples from springs and geysers, together with isotopic (δ18O and δD) analysis, chemical and mineral studies of precipitates collected in the field around these outflows, and field observations. We aimed (1) to recognize the geochemistry of thermal waters and precipitates in the central part of the Colca River basin, (2) to identify fluid sources and their origin, (3) to estimate the temperature of a potential geothermal reservoir, and (4) to discuss the regional active tectonic and volcanic framework of this geothermal region and mutual relationships. Our results corroborate a heterogeneous and complex geothermal system in the central part of the Colca River basin, with contrasting hydrogeochemical and physical properties, variable isotope composition, different reservoir temperatures, and associated precipitates around thermal springs. Processes controlling water chemistry are closely related to the Ampato-Sabancaya magmatic chamber's activity and tectonic structures that allow complex interactions of meteoric waters with magmatic fluids and gases. With a considerable gradient of pressure owing to local relief and deep incision in the Colca Canyon, these processes led to the differentiation of the thermal waters into three main groups. (1) Chloride-rich, mainly sodium chloride, thermal waters are of meteoric origin but mature within the geothermal reservoir possibly fed by magma degassing. These waters' chemical and isotopic composition results from water-rock interaction and mixing with magmatic waters within the reservoir. These waters discharge at the bottom of the Colca Canyon and Valley, presenting a broad hydrogeochemical spectrum and highly variable mineral phases precipitating at the outflows. The reservoir temperature estimated for these waters ranges from 180 to 200 °C. The group of hottest springs and geysers at the bottom of the Colca Canyon waters are fully equilibrated, with the reservoir temperature ~ 240 °C. (2) Sulfate-rich waters are shallow meteoric waters heated by ascending gases that form an independent group referring to the local water circulation, often controlled by tectonic barriers. (3) Bicarbonate-rich waters are the intermediate meteoric waters, divided into two hydrochemical groups: waters partially equilibrated with reservoir rocks and more similar to chloride-rich waters or additionally enriched with SO4 and more similar to sulfate-rich waters. Studied thermal springs show a clear spatial correlation with active and seismogenic crustal W- to NW-tracing normal and strike-slip faults. These act as barriers to infiltrating meteoric waters, provide pathways to hydrothermal solutions and gases assisting in meteoric water heating, and yield passages for pressured by lithostatic load and heated waters to ascend to the surface. © 2022},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Thermal waters and vapor discharges (hot springs; geysers; solfataras; and fumaroles) are common phenomena in volcanic regions at active plate boundaries, and the Central Andes are no exception. The Colca River basin in S Peru is a highly diversified and complex thermal region with unresolved questions on the origin of thermal fluids, reservoir temperature, and connections with tectonic and/or volcanic activity. To answer these, we used hydrogeochemical analysis of 35 water samples from springs and geysers, together with isotopic (δ18O and δD) analysis, chemical and mineral studies of precipitates collected in the field around these outflows, and field observations. We aimed (1) to recognize the geochemistry of thermal waters and precipitates in the central part of the Colca River basin, (2) to identify fluid sources and their origin, (3) to estimate the temperature of a potential geothermal reservoir, and (4) to discuss the regional active tectonic and volcanic framework of this geothermal region and mutual relationships. Our results corroborate a heterogeneous and complex geothermal system in the central part of the Colca River basin, with contrasting hydrogeochemical and physical properties, variable isotope composition, different reservoir temperatures, and associated precipitates around thermal springs. Processes controlling water chemistry are closely related to the Ampato-Sabancaya magmatic chamber's activity and tectonic structures that allow complex interactions of meteoric waters with magmatic fluids and gases. With a considerable gradient of pressure owing to local relief and deep incision in the Colca Canyon, these processes led to the differentiation of the thermal waters into three main groups. (1) Chloride-rich, mainly sodium chloride, thermal waters are of meteoric origin but mature within the geothermal reservoir possibly fed by magma degassing. These waters' chemical and isotopic composition results from water-rock interaction and mixing with magmatic waters within the reservoir. These waters discharge at the bottom of the Colca Canyon and Valley, presenting a broad hydrogeochemical spectrum and highly variable mineral phases precipitating at the outflows. The reservoir temperature estimated for these waters ranges from 180 to 200 °C. The group of hottest springs and geysers at the bottom of the Colca Canyon waters are fully equilibrated, with the reservoir temperature ~ 240 °C. (2) Sulfate-rich waters are shallow meteoric waters heated by ascending gases that form an independent group referring to the local water circulation, often controlled by tectonic barriers. (3) Bicarbonate-rich waters are the intermediate meteoric waters, divided into two hydrochemical groups: waters partially equilibrated with reservoir rocks and more similar to chloride-rich waters or additionally enriched with SO4 and more similar to sulfate-rich waters. Studied thermal springs show a clear spatial correlation with active and seismogenic crustal W- to NW-tracing normal and strike-slip faults. These act as barriers to infiltrating meteoric waters, provide pathways to hydrothermal solutions and gases assisting in meteoric water heating, and yield passages for pressured by lithostatic load and heated waters to ascend to the surface. © 2022
2021
Gaidzik, K.; Ramírez-Herrera, M. T.
The importance of input data on landslide susceptibility mapping Journal Article
In: Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, ISSN: 20452322, (15).
@article{2-s2.0-85116320025,
title = {The importance of input data on landslide susceptibility mapping},
author = { K. Gaidzik and M.T. Ramírez-Herrera},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116320025&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-021-98830-y&partnerID=40&md5=fce495d0f7bae69ae37124ee186c108a},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-98830-y},
issn = {20452322},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
publisher = {Nature Research},
abstract = {Landslide detection and susceptibility mapping are crucial in risk management and urban planning. Constant advance in digital elevation models accuracy and availability, the prospect of automatic landslide detection, together with variable processing techniques, stress the need to assess the effect of differences in input data on the landslide susceptibility maps accuracy. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the influence of variations in input data on landslide susceptibility mapping using a logistic regression approach. We produced 32 models that differ in (1) type of landslide inventory (manual or automatic), (2) spatial resolution of the topographic input data, (3) number of landslide-causing factors, and (4) sampling technique. We showed that models based on automatic landslide inventory present comparable overall prediction accuracy as those produced using manually detected features. We also demonstrated that finer resolution of topographic data leads to more accurate and precise susceptibility models. The impact of the number of landslide-causing factors used for calculations appears to be important for lower resolution data. On the other hand, even the lower number of causative agents results in highly accurate susceptibility maps for the high-resolution topographic data. Our results also suggest that sampling from landslide masses is generally more befitting than sampling from the landslide mass center. We conclude that most of the produced landslide susceptibility models, even though variable, present reasonable overall prediction accuracy, suggesting that the most congruous input data and techniques need to be chosen depending on the data quality and purpose of the study. © 2021, The Author(s).},
note = {15},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Landslide detection and susceptibility mapping are crucial in risk management and urban planning. Constant advance in digital elevation models accuracy and availability, the prospect of automatic landslide detection, together with variable processing techniques, stress the need to assess the effect of differences in input data on the landslide susceptibility maps accuracy. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the influence of variations in input data on landslide susceptibility mapping using a logistic regression approach. We produced 32 models that differ in (1) type of landslide inventory (manual or automatic), (2) spatial resolution of the topographic input data, (3) number of landslide-causing factors, and (4) sampling technique. We showed that models based on automatic landslide inventory present comparable overall prediction accuracy as those produced using manually detected features. We also demonstrated that finer resolution of topographic data leads to more accurate and precise susceptibility models. The impact of the number of landslide-causing factors used for calculations appears to be important for lower resolution data. On the other hand, even the lower number of causative agents results in highly accurate susceptibility maps for the high-resolution topographic data. Our results also suggest that sampling from landslide masses is generally more befitting than sampling from the landslide mass center. We conclude that most of the produced landslide susceptibility models, even though variable, present reasonable overall prediction accuracy, suggesting that the most congruous input data and techniques need to be chosen depending on the data quality and purpose of the study. © 2021, The Author(s).
Kázmér, M.; Al-Tawalbeh, M.; Gyori, E.; Laszlovszky, J.; Gaidzik, K.
In: Seismological Research Letters, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 3202-3214, 2021, ISSN: 08950695, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85114605297,
title = {Destruction of the royal town at visegrád, hungary: Historical evidence and archaeoseismology of the a.d. 1541 earthquake at the proposed danube dam site},
author = { M. Kázmér and M. Al-Tawalbeh and E. Gyori and J. Laszlovszky and K. Gaidzik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114605297&doi=10.1785%2f0220210058&partnerID=40&md5=6e5a70905b657e105effd8dd99235aed},
doi = {10.1785/0220210058},
issn = {08950695},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Seismological Research Letters},
volume = {92},
number = {5},
pages = {3202-3214},
publisher = {Seismological Society of America},
abstract = {The Danube Bend is the site of the proposed Nagymaros dam, part of the Gabcikovo- Nagymaros hydropower complex in Slovakia and Hungary. The dam was designed in the 1970s to resist intensity VI seismic events. We present historical and archaeological evidence for an intensity IX earthquake on 21 August 1541, which destroyed buildings of the royal town of Visegrád. Evidence includes vertical fissures cutting through the 30- m-high, thirteenth-century donjon Salamon Tower, built on hard rock. Some parts of the adjacent fifteenth-century Franciscan friary, built on the alluvial plain, collapsed because of liquefaction of the subsoil. The date of a potentially responsible earthquake on 21 August 1541 was recorded in a sermon of the eyewitness Lutheran minister Péter Bornemisza, living at Pest-Buda, 35 km away. Taken by the Ottoman army in 1544, the royal town and the fortress lost strategic importance, never to be rebuilt. Photographs and drawings of the donjon made three centuries later faithfully reflect the status of sixteenth-century seismic damage, corroborated by modern archaeological excavations in the ecclesiastic complex. © 2021 Seismological Society of America. All rights reserved.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Danube Bend is the site of the proposed Nagymaros dam, part of the Gabcikovo- Nagymaros hydropower complex in Slovakia and Hungary. The dam was designed in the 1970s to resist intensity VI seismic events. We present historical and archaeological evidence for an intensity IX earthquake on 21 August 1541, which destroyed buildings of the royal town of Visegrád. Evidence includes vertical fissures cutting through the 30- m-high, thirteenth-century donjon Salamon Tower, built on hard rock. Some parts of the adjacent fifteenth-century Franciscan friary, built on the alluvial plain, collapsed because of liquefaction of the subsoil. The date of a potentially responsible earthquake on 21 August 1541 was recorded in a sermon of the eyewitness Lutheran minister Péter Bornemisza, living at Pest-Buda, 35 km away. Taken by the Ottoman army in 1544, the royal town and the fortress lost strategic importance, never to be rebuilt. Photographs and drawings of the donjon made three centuries later faithfully reflect the status of sixteenth-century seismic damage, corroborated by modern archaeological excavations in the ecclesiastic complex. © 2021 Seismological Society of America. All rights reserved.
Gaidzik, K.; Więsek, M.
Seismo-lineaments and potentially seismogenic faults in the overriding plate of the Nazca-South American subduction zone (S Peru) Journal Article
In: Journal of South American Earth Sciences, vol. 109, 2021, ISSN: 08959811, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85104092762,
title = {Seismo-lineaments and potentially seismogenic faults in the overriding plate of the Nazca-South American subduction zone (S Peru)},
author = { K. Gaidzik and M. Więsek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104092762&doi=10.1016%2fj.jsames.2021.103303&partnerID=40&md5=9fc7e78f1d53aa0eb2ee5fa39fde902b},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103303},
issn = {08959811},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Journal of South American Earth Sciences},
volume = {109},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The Peruvian subduction zone is prone to destructive megathrust earthquakes that rupture plate interface, often associated with devastating tsunamis, and usually smaller crustal earthquakes in the overriding plate that, due to the shallow focal depth and proximity to the human settlements, can be equally hazardous. However, these latter ones are generally less studied and often not included in the seismic hazard assessments. Thus, in this study, we used the Seismo-Lineament Analysis Method (SLAM) to explore potentially active structures on the overriding plate above the Nazca subduction zone in the Southern Peruvian Andes, which according to the current crustal seismicity, might have hosted ruptures in the past. Moreover, we computed their possible seismogenic potential, assuming the worst-case scenario, and discussed the tectonic implications and likely sources of stress that might trigger earthquakes along these faults. For that, we combined the focal mechanism data and obtained seismo-lineaments with the results of the morpho-tectonic analysis of the digital elevation models and satellite images. The principally W- to NW-striking seismo-lineaments identified in the study area that could represent the surface expressions of potentially seismogenic faults, in general, agree with the previously reported shallow crustal active fault systems in the Southern Peruvian Andes. The applied scaling relationships suggest a seismic potential for earthquakes of maximum moment magnitudes up to 7.3–7.4 for the recorded structures. Collected data indicates an extensional regime in the upper crust of the South American plate above the Nazca subduction, with the horizontal extension perpendicular to the trench axis. The reactivation of identified structures can be related to the following sources of stress: 1) strain partitioning in the oblique subduction zone, 2) crustal seismicity induced by megathrust earthquakes, 3) extension in the most upper part of the uplifting area above the subducting slab, and 4) volcanic activity. Our findings highlight the usefulness of the SLAM technique as a tool to recognize prone areas for potential seismogenic faults that should be studied in greater detail using paleoseismological, geomorphological, geodetic, and geophysical methods. These also show the importance of crustal faults in the overall seismic hazard assessments. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Peruvian subduction zone is prone to destructive megathrust earthquakes that rupture plate interface, often associated with devastating tsunamis, and usually smaller crustal earthquakes in the overriding plate that, due to the shallow focal depth and proximity to the human settlements, can be equally hazardous. However, these latter ones are generally less studied and often not included in the seismic hazard assessments. Thus, in this study, we used the Seismo-Lineament Analysis Method (SLAM) to explore potentially active structures on the overriding plate above the Nazca subduction zone in the Southern Peruvian Andes, which according to the current crustal seismicity, might have hosted ruptures in the past. Moreover, we computed their possible seismogenic potential, assuming the worst-case scenario, and discussed the tectonic implications and likely sources of stress that might trigger earthquakes along these faults. For that, we combined the focal mechanism data and obtained seismo-lineaments with the results of the morpho-tectonic analysis of the digital elevation models and satellite images. The principally W- to NW-striking seismo-lineaments identified in the study area that could represent the surface expressions of potentially seismogenic faults, in general, agree with the previously reported shallow crustal active fault systems in the Southern Peruvian Andes. The applied scaling relationships suggest a seismic potential for earthquakes of maximum moment magnitudes up to 7.3–7.4 for the recorded structures. Collected data indicates an extensional regime in the upper crust of the South American plate above the Nazca subduction, with the horizontal extension perpendicular to the trench axis. The reactivation of identified structures can be related to the following sources of stress: 1) strain partitioning in the oblique subduction zone, 2) crustal seismicity induced by megathrust earthquakes, 3) extension in the most upper part of the uplifting area above the subducting slab, and 4) volcanic activity. Our findings highlight the usefulness of the SLAM technique as a tool to recognize prone areas for potential seismogenic faults that should be studied in greater detail using paleoseismological, geomorphological, geodetic, and geophysical methods. These also show the importance of crustal faults in the overall seismic hazard assessments. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Ramírez-Herrera, M. T.; Gaidzik, K.; Forman, S. L.
Spatial Variations of Tectonic Uplift - Subducting Plate Effects on the Guerrero Forearc, Mexico Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Earth Science, vol. 8, 2021, ISSN: 22966463, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85100496817,
title = {Spatial Variations of Tectonic Uplift - Subducting Plate Effects on the Guerrero Forearc, Mexico},
author = { M.T. Ramírez-Herrera and K. Gaidzik and S.L. Forman},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100496817&doi=10.3389%2ffeart.2020.573081&partnerID=40&md5=f8c4ed65976312532726c6cb23d15b38},
doi = {10.3389/feart.2020.573081},
issn = {22966463},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
volume = {8},
publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
abstract = {Uplift is the predominant factor controlling fluvial systems in tectonically deforming regions. Mountains along subduction zones force incision, aggradation, or sinuosity modifications, showing differential uplift and variations in erosion rates, in river incision, and in channel gradient produced by ongoing tectonic deformation. Thus, landscape can provide information on the tectonic activity of a defined region. Here, field studies, analysis of geomorphic indices using a digital elevation model, and dating of river terraces were undertaken to extract the following: (1) determine rates of ongoing tectonic deformation, (2) identify evidence of active faulting, and (3) explain the possible relation of ongoing differential uplift in the topography of the overriding plate with the geometry and roughness effects of subducting slab along the Mexican subduction within the Guerrero sector. Landscape analysis using geomorphic indices suggests segmentation along stream of the studied Tecpan River basin. Rates of tectonic uplift were derived from river incision rates computed with the combination of strath terrace heights and associated dating. Tectonic uplift rates vary from ∼1 ± 0.3 mm/yr up to ∼5 ± 0.6 mm/yr during the Holocene, consistent with inferred high tectonic activity in this zone. These results vary significantly spatially, i.e., increasing upstream. Possible explanations for spatial variations of tectonic uplift rates are most likely related to an effect of the geometry and the rugged seafloor of the oceanic Cocos plate subduction beneath a faulted continental lithosphere. © Copyright © 2021 Ramirez‐Herrera, Gaidzik and Forman.},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Uplift is the predominant factor controlling fluvial systems in tectonically deforming regions. Mountains along subduction zones force incision, aggradation, or sinuosity modifications, showing differential uplift and variations in erosion rates, in river incision, and in channel gradient produced by ongoing tectonic deformation. Thus, landscape can provide information on the tectonic activity of a defined region. Here, field studies, analysis of geomorphic indices using a digital elevation model, and dating of river terraces were undertaken to extract the following: (1) determine rates of ongoing tectonic deformation, (2) identify evidence of active faulting, and (3) explain the possible relation of ongoing differential uplift in the topography of the overriding plate with the geometry and roughness effects of subducting slab along the Mexican subduction within the Guerrero sector. Landscape analysis using geomorphic indices suggests segmentation along stream of the studied Tecpan River basin. Rates of tectonic uplift were derived from river incision rates computed with the combination of strath terrace heights and associated dating. Tectonic uplift rates vary from ∼1 ± 0.3 mm/yr up to ∼5 ± 0.6 mm/yr during the Holocene, consistent with inferred high tectonic activity in this zone. These results vary significantly spatially, i.e., increasing upstream. Possible explanations for spatial variations of tectonic uplift rates are most likely related to an effect of the geometry and the rugged seafloor of the oceanic Cocos plate subduction beneath a faulted continental lithosphere. © Copyright © 2021 Ramirez‐Herrera, Gaidzik and Forman.
Gaidzik, K.; Żaba, J.
Oriented rock samples for detailed structural analysis Book Chapter
In: pp. 715-723, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021, ISSN: 21979545, (1).
@inbook{2-s2.0-85103158384,
title = {Oriented rock samples for detailed structural analysis},
author = { K. Gaidzik and J. Żaba},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103158384&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-60143-0_25&partnerID=40&md5=07db1154befcea8733d0580ba8d3fea6},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-60143-0_25},
issn = {21979545},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Springer Geology},
pages = {715-723},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
abstract = {A significant part of the detailed structural analysis can be done in the field. However, in many cases, especially in studies on ductile shear zones, further in-depth microstructural analysis is needed. For this purpose, correct collection of oriented rock samples with various tectonic structures is crucial for legitimate structural analysis. Samples collected in the field with known spatial orientation permit the determination of various geometric and kinematic characteristics of the observed structures. Oriented samples collected from field also permit to note and interpret new, previously omitted and/or invisible structures that have not been noticed in the field. This article presents techniques useful for sample collection in the field, coordinate systems applicable in the structural studies, and methods to re-orientate samples, together with ways to select thin section orientation. These are essential steps toward detail structural analysis. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
A significant part of the detailed structural analysis can be done in the field. However, in many cases, especially in studies on ductile shear zones, further in-depth microstructural analysis is needed. For this purpose, correct collection of oriented rock samples with various tectonic structures is crucial for legitimate structural analysis. Samples collected in the field with known spatial orientation permit the determination of various geometric and kinematic characteristics of the observed structures. Oriented samples collected from field also permit to note and interpret new, previously omitted and/or invisible structures that have not been noticed in the field. This article presents techniques useful for sample collection in the field, coordinate systems applicable in the structural studies, and methods to re-orientate samples, together with ways to select thin section orientation. These are essential steps toward detail structural analysis. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.
2020
Godziek, J.; Gaidzik, K.
Assessment of tectonic control on the development of low mountains moderate relief in the Outer Carpathians (Southern Poland) Journal Article
In: Journal of Mountain Science, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 2297-2320, 2020, ISSN: 16726316.
@article{2-s2.0-85092225382,
title = {Assessment of tectonic control on the development of low mountains moderate relief in the Outer Carpathians (Southern Poland)},
author = { J. Godziek and K. Gaidzik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092225382&doi=10.1007%2fs11629-020-6121-4&partnerID=40&md5=fe24745d13115d6c3bbbeb9f8b193ace},
doi = {10.1007/s11629-020-6121-4},
issn = {16726316},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Mountain Science},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {2297-2320},
publisher = {Science Press},
abstract = {Inherited tectonic structures, ongoing tectonic deformation, and variations in relative rock uplift rates play an important role in conditioning the processes of relief development. Their influence among other factors, such as climate and lithology, can be quantified using landscape analysis, and geomorphometric indices, in particular. The usage of landscape analysis in recent years is increasing systematically due to the constant improvement of the digital elevation models and GIS software that significantly facilitate this approach. In this study, we aim to recognize the influence of tectonic structures and processes on relief development in the low mountains with moderate relief of the Soła River catchment in the Western Outer Carpathians. To this end, we calculated geomorphometric indices (river longitudinal profile; stream-length gradient index; minimum bulk erosion; relief ratio; circulatory ratio; elongation ratio; and hypsometric integral) for the Sola River and its 47 sub-catchments using a 25-m spatial resolution Digital Terrain Elevation Data Level 2. Additionally, we identified lineaments and knickpoints and correlated the computed results with local and regional fault networks, variations in lithology, and climate fluctuations. Obtained results indicate a significant impact of inherited tectonic structures on the relief development of the Soła River catchment, i.e., directions of principal ridges and valleys follow the orientation of main folds and faults recorded in this area. Anomalously high values of minimum bulk erosion, river gradient, and stream-length gradient index allowed us to define two areas with higher relative uplift rates: 1) the Sola Gorge and 2) the Beskid Żywiecki Mts. Polish Outer Carpathians are generally considered as an area of low strain rate and low seismic activity. However, the possibility of neotectonic processes should be considered in geohazard estimations. Observed bends in the direction of river valleys that do not correspond with changes in lithology could be related to active strike-slip faults. These are probably the reactivated basement structures, copied in the thin-skinned nappe cover, as a result of the accommodation of the Mur-Žilina Fault Zone resulting from the tectonic push of the Alcapa (Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian) microplate against the European plate. Thus, the role of recent tectonic activity in relief development of the Sola River catchment even though appears to be subsidiary at the most, should not be excluded. © 2020, The Author(s).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Inherited tectonic structures, ongoing tectonic deformation, and variations in relative rock uplift rates play an important role in conditioning the processes of relief development. Their influence among other factors, such as climate and lithology, can be quantified using landscape analysis, and geomorphometric indices, in particular. The usage of landscape analysis in recent years is increasing systematically due to the constant improvement of the digital elevation models and GIS software that significantly facilitate this approach. In this study, we aim to recognize the influence of tectonic structures and processes on relief development in the low mountains with moderate relief of the Soła River catchment in the Western Outer Carpathians. To this end, we calculated geomorphometric indices (river longitudinal profile; stream-length gradient index; minimum bulk erosion; relief ratio; circulatory ratio; elongation ratio; and hypsometric integral) for the Sola River and its 47 sub-catchments using a 25-m spatial resolution Digital Terrain Elevation Data Level 2. Additionally, we identified lineaments and knickpoints and correlated the computed results with local and regional fault networks, variations in lithology, and climate fluctuations. Obtained results indicate a significant impact of inherited tectonic structures on the relief development of the Soła River catchment, i.e., directions of principal ridges and valleys follow the orientation of main folds and faults recorded in this area. Anomalously high values of minimum bulk erosion, river gradient, and stream-length gradient index allowed us to define two areas with higher relative uplift rates: 1) the Sola Gorge and 2) the Beskid Żywiecki Mts. Polish Outer Carpathians are generally considered as an area of low strain rate and low seismic activity. However, the possibility of neotectonic processes should be considered in geohazard estimations. Observed bends in the direction of river valleys that do not correspond with changes in lithology could be related to active strike-slip faults. These are probably the reactivated basement structures, copied in the thin-skinned nappe cover, as a result of the accommodation of the Mur-Žilina Fault Zone resulting from the tectonic push of the Alcapa (Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian) microplate against the European plate. Thus, the role of recent tectonic activity in relief development of the Sola River catchment even though appears to be subsidiary at the most, should not be excluded. © 2020, The Author(s).
Gaidzik, K.; Żaba, J.; Ciesielczuk, J.
Tectonic control on slow-moving Andean landslides in the Colca Valley, Peru Journal Article
In: Journal of Mountain Science, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 1807-1825, 2020, ISSN: 16726316, (4).
@article{2-s2.0-85088576085,
title = {Tectonic control on slow-moving Andean landslides in the Colca Valley, Peru},
author = { K. Gaidzik and J. Żaba and J. Ciesielczuk},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088576085&doi=10.1007%2fs11629-020-6099-y&partnerID=40&md5=82e162c093a8cd84b274459ff6999d82},
doi = {10.1007/s11629-020-6099-y},
issn = {16726316},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Mountain Science},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {1807-1825},
publisher = {Science Press},
abstract = {The Colca Valley in the Central Andes is a region characterized by the occurrence of large slow-moving landslides and a high level of seismic activity. In this study, we aimed to determine passive and active tectonic control on the formation of selected five large landslides in the Colca Valley and to assess geohazard associated with these features. For that purpose, we performed a post-landslide field survey, applied remote sensing techniques, and obtained eyewitness accounts. Recently, the need to understand mass movement processes in this region is even higher due to the establishment of the Colca y Volcanes de Andagua Geopark (Colca and Andagua Volcanoes Geopark). Our results suggest that the studied landslides usually represent a complex failure mechanism, dominated by translational sliding or rotational displacements, commonly associated with the formation of horst-and-graben like structures. We found a spatial correlation between the distribution of landslides and inherited fault network. The head scarps appear to be limited by the WNW- to NW-striking faults, whereas the lateral extent of some of the reported features seems to be connected with the NNE-striking normal faults, common in both, the Mesozoic strata and the Pleistocene-Holocene deposits. © 2020, The Author(s).},
note = {4},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Colca Valley in the Central Andes is a region characterized by the occurrence of large slow-moving landslides and a high level of seismic activity. In this study, we aimed to determine passive and active tectonic control on the formation of selected five large landslides in the Colca Valley and to assess geohazard associated with these features. For that purpose, we performed a post-landslide field survey, applied remote sensing techniques, and obtained eyewitness accounts. Recently, the need to understand mass movement processes in this region is even higher due to the establishment of the Colca y Volcanes de Andagua Geopark (Colca and Andagua Volcanoes Geopark). Our results suggest that the studied landslides usually represent a complex failure mechanism, dominated by translational sliding or rotational displacements, commonly associated with the formation of horst-and-graben like structures. We found a spatial correlation between the distribution of landslides and inherited fault network. The head scarps appear to be limited by the WNW- to NW-striking faults, whereas the lateral extent of some of the reported features seems to be connected with the NNE-striking normal faults, common in both, the Mesozoic strata and the Pleistocene-Holocene deposits. © 2020, The Author(s).
Kazachkina, E.; Kostoglodov, V.; Cotte, N.; Walpersdorf, A.; Ramírez-Herrera, M. T.; Gaidzik, K.; Husker, A.; Santiago, J. A.
Active 650-km Long Fault System and Xolapa Sliver in Southern Mexico Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Earth Science, vol. 8, 2020, ISSN: 22966463, (6).
@article{2-s2.0-85087111783,
title = {Active 650-km Long Fault System and Xolapa Sliver in Southern Mexico},
author = { E. Kazachkina and V. Kostoglodov and N. Cotte and A. Walpersdorf and M.T. Ramírez-Herrera and K. Gaidzik and A. Husker and J.A. Santiago},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087111783&doi=10.3389%2ffeart.2020.00155&partnerID=40&md5=842104b86ee753b4492ef33d9094cbe1},
doi = {10.3389/feart.2020.00155},
issn = {22966463},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
volume = {8},
publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
abstract = {New estimates of long-term velocities of permanent GPS stations in Southern Mexico reveal that the geologically discernible ∼650-km long shear zone, which strikes parallel to the Middle America trench, is active. This left-lateral strike-slip, La Venta–Chacalapa (LVC) fault system, is apparently associated with a motion of the Xolapa terrain and at the present time is the northern boundary of a ∼110–160-km wide forearc sliver with a sinistral motion of 3–6 mm/year with respect to the North America plate. This sliver is the major tectonic feature in the Guerrero and Oaxaca regions, which accommodates most of the oblique component of the convergence between the Cocos and North America plates. Previous studies based purely on the moment tensor coseismic slips exceedingly overestimated the sliver inland extent and allocated its northern margin on or to the north of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. While the LVC fault system probably slips slowly over geologic scale time and there is not any historic evidence of large earthquakes on the fault so far, its seismic potential could be very high, assuming a feasible order of ∼103 years recurrence cycle. A detailed analysis of long-term position time series of permanent GPS stations in the Guerrero and Oaxaca states, Southern Mexico discards previous models and provides clear evidence of an active LVC fault zone bounding the Xolapa forearc sliver. The southeastward motion of this sliver may have persisted for the last ∼8–10 Million year and played an important role in the tectonic evolution of the region. © Copyright © 2020 Kazachkina, Kostoglodov, Cotte, Walpersdorf, Ramirez-Herrera, Gaidzik, Husker and Santiago.},
note = {6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
New estimates of long-term velocities of permanent GPS stations in Southern Mexico reveal that the geologically discernible ∼650-km long shear zone, which strikes parallel to the Middle America trench, is active. This left-lateral strike-slip, La Venta–Chacalapa (LVC) fault system, is apparently associated with a motion of the Xolapa terrain and at the present time is the northern boundary of a ∼110–160-km wide forearc sliver with a sinistral motion of 3–6 mm/year with respect to the North America plate. This sliver is the major tectonic feature in the Guerrero and Oaxaca regions, which accommodates most of the oblique component of the convergence between the Cocos and North America plates. Previous studies based purely on the moment tensor coseismic slips exceedingly overestimated the sliver inland extent and allocated its northern margin on or to the north of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. While the LVC fault system probably slips slowly over geologic scale time and there is not any historic evidence of large earthquakes on the fault so far, its seismic potential could be very high, assuming a feasible order of ∼103 years recurrence cycle. A detailed analysis of long-term position time series of permanent GPS stations in the Guerrero and Oaxaca states, Southern Mexico discards previous models and provides clear evidence of an active LVC fault zone bounding the Xolapa forearc sliver. The southeastward motion of this sliver may have persisted for the last ∼8–10 Million year and played an important role in the tectonic evolution of the region. © Copyright © 2020 Kazachkina, Kostoglodov, Cotte, Walpersdorf, Ramirez-Herrera, Gaidzik, Husker and Santiago.
Mazur, S.; Aleksandrowski, P.; Gągała, Ł.; Krzywiec, P.; Żaba, J.; Gaidzik, K.; Sikora, R.
Late Palaeozoic strike-slip tectonics versus oroclinal bending at the SW outskirts of Baltica: case of the Variscan belt’s eastern end in Poland Journal Article
In: International Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 1133-1160, 2020, ISSN: 14373254, (24).
@article{2-s2.0-85077678270,
title = {Late Palaeozoic strike-slip tectonics versus oroclinal bending at the SW outskirts of Baltica: case of the Variscan belt’s eastern end in Poland},
author = { S. Mazur and P. Aleksandrowski and Ł. Gągała and P. Krzywiec and J. Żaba and K. Gaidzik and R. Sikora},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077678270&doi=10.1007%2fs00531-019-01814-7&partnerID=40&md5=4ae87843e8b55395b4a5ab1a7831c527},
doi = {10.1007/s00531-019-01814-7},
issn = {14373254},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Earth Sciences},
volume = {109},
number = {4},
pages = {1133-1160},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {Geophysical and geological data from the eastern sector of the Central European Variscan belt are presented and reviewed in the regional tectonic context. Matched filtering of isostatic gravity, guided by results of spectral analysis, along with other derivatives of gravity and magnetic fields reveal a dominant WNW–ESE-trending pre-Permian structural grain in the external zones of the Variscan belt in Poland. This trend is confirmed by regional distribution of dips in Carboniferous and Devonian strata that were penetrated by boreholes beneath Permian-Mesozoic sediments. Based on these data, two alternative concepts explaining the connection of the Variscan belt and its NE foreland, those of strike-slip tectonics versus oroclinal bending, are discussed. The WNW–ESE structural trend in the Variscan foreland is parallel to a set of major strike-slip fault zones in the area, including those of Upper Elbe, Intra-Sudetic, Odra, Dolsk and Kraków-Lubliniec. These faults are considered to convey a significant dextral displacement between Laurussia and Gondwana. The revised position of the Variscan deformation front shows a similar, uninterrupted, generally WNW–ESE trend, up to the SE border of Poland, which indicates an initial continuation of the Variscan belt into the area of the present-day Western Carpathians. The geometry of the Variscan deformation front along with the pattern of the Variscan structural grain are inconsistent with the idea of an oroclinal loop affecting the external, non-metamorphic Variscan belt. However, the data presented do not entirely rule out an oroclinal loop within the Variscan internides. The still possible options are (1) a semi-oroclinal model postulating ~ 90° bending of the Variscan tectonostratigraphic zones into parallelism with the WNW–ESE strike-slip faults or (2) an orocline limited only to the belt linking the Wolsztyn High and Moravo-Silesian non- to weakly-metamorphic fold-and-thrust belt. Regardless of the kinematic model preferred, our data indicate that structural evolution of the Polish Variscides was concluded with the end-Carboniferous NNE–SSW shortening that resulted in the present-day extent of the Variscan deformation front. © 2020, The Author(s).},
note = {24},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Geophysical and geological data from the eastern sector of the Central European Variscan belt are presented and reviewed in the regional tectonic context. Matched filtering of isostatic gravity, guided by results of spectral analysis, along with other derivatives of gravity and magnetic fields reveal a dominant WNW–ESE-trending pre-Permian structural grain in the external zones of the Variscan belt in Poland. This trend is confirmed by regional distribution of dips in Carboniferous and Devonian strata that were penetrated by boreholes beneath Permian-Mesozoic sediments. Based on these data, two alternative concepts explaining the connection of the Variscan belt and its NE foreland, those of strike-slip tectonics versus oroclinal bending, are discussed. The WNW–ESE structural trend in the Variscan foreland is parallel to a set of major strike-slip fault zones in the area, including those of Upper Elbe, Intra-Sudetic, Odra, Dolsk and Kraków-Lubliniec. These faults are considered to convey a significant dextral displacement between Laurussia and Gondwana. The revised position of the Variscan deformation front shows a similar, uninterrupted, generally WNW–ESE trend, up to the SE border of Poland, which indicates an initial continuation of the Variscan belt into the area of the present-day Western Carpathians. The geometry of the Variscan deformation front along with the pattern of the Variscan structural grain are inconsistent with the idea of an oroclinal loop affecting the external, non-metamorphic Variscan belt. However, the data presented do not entirely rule out an oroclinal loop within the Variscan internides. The still possible options are (1) a semi-oroclinal model postulating ~ 90° bending of the Variscan tectonostratigraphic zones into parallelism with the WNW–ESE strike-slip faults or (2) an orocline limited only to the belt linking the Wolsztyn High and Moravo-Silesian non- to weakly-metamorphic fold-and-thrust belt. Regardless of the kinematic model preferred, our data indicate that structural evolution of the Polish Variscides was concluded with the end-Carboniferous NNE–SSW shortening that resulted in the present-day extent of the Variscan deformation front. © 2020, The Author(s).
2019
Żaba, J.; Gaidzik, K.
Variscan stress regime rotation: Insights from the analysis of kink folds in the northern margin of the Bohemian Massif, South Poland Journal Article
In: Comptes Rendus - Geoscience, vol. 351, no. 5, pp. 395-405, 2019, ISSN: 16310713, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85067304645,
title = {Variscan stress regime rotation: Insights from the analysis of kink folds in the northern margin of the Bohemian Massif, South Poland},
author = { J. Żaba and K. Gaidzik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067304645&doi=10.1016%2fj.crte.2019.04.003&partnerID=40&md5=12c2e19cb9422bf7cbe4e49e1a7dc2c7},
doi = {10.1016/j.crte.2019.04.003},
issn = {16310713},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Comptes Rendus - Geoscience},
volume = {351},
number = {5},
pages = {395-405},
publisher = {Elsevier Masson SAS},
abstract = {We aimed to determine variations in stress regimes during the youngest Variscan deformations in the northern part of the Bohemian Massif. For this purpose, we calculated the orientation of the principal stress and strain axes for kink folds observed in the metamorphic envelope of the Karkonosze Granite, using two methods: 1) the traditional method, incorporating structural diagrams (for conjugate kink folds only), and 2) butterfly diagram analysis. The use of both methods enabled us to determine the stress regime, based not only on conjugate but also on monoclinal kink bands. The obtained results prove that butterfly diagram analysis, when applied to monoclinal kink folds, yields reliable results, especially when calibrated using the internal friction angle (Ф) calculated for the conjugate structures. We identified two generations of kink folds: 1) an older one, developed under sublatitudinal shortening and most probably related to the Early Carboniferous terminal stages of the northwest-directed thrusting of the metamorphic units, and 2) a younger one; produced by north-south Variscan Carboniferous compression, and the emplacement and subsequent doming of the Karkonosze Granite. This is the first study on brittle-ductile structures observed commonly in the metamorphic units of the Bohemian Massif, showing their relation to the granitoid intrusion and complementing the tectonic models that usually omit kink folds. © 2019 Académie des sciences},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We aimed to determine variations in stress regimes during the youngest Variscan deformations in the northern part of the Bohemian Massif. For this purpose, we calculated the orientation of the principal stress and strain axes for kink folds observed in the metamorphic envelope of the Karkonosze Granite, using two methods: 1) the traditional method, incorporating structural diagrams (for conjugate kink folds only), and 2) butterfly diagram analysis. The use of both methods enabled us to determine the stress regime, based not only on conjugate but also on monoclinal kink bands. The obtained results prove that butterfly diagram analysis, when applied to monoclinal kink folds, yields reliable results, especially when calibrated using the internal friction angle (Ф) calculated for the conjugate structures. We identified two generations of kink folds: 1) an older one, developed under sublatitudinal shortening and most probably related to the Early Carboniferous terminal stages of the northwest-directed thrusting of the metamorphic units, and 2) a younger one; produced by north-south Variscan Carboniferous compression, and the emplacement and subsequent doming of the Karkonosze Granite. This is the first study on brittle-ductile structures observed commonly in the metamorphic units of the Bohemian Massif, showing their relation to the granitoid intrusion and complementing the tectonic models that usually omit kink folds. © 2019 Académie des sciences
Paulo, A.; Ciesielczuk, J.; Racki, G.; Żaba, J.; Gaidzik, K.
Polish Geological Institute, vol. 67, no. 3, 2019, ISSN: 00332151.
@proceedings{2-s2.0-85064381603,
title = {Depositional environment and probable source of detritus in the upper cretaceous red-bed ashua formation (Peru) [Srodowisko sedymentacji i domniemane zrodlo materialu detrytycznego w gornokredowej formacji red-bed Ashua (Peru)]},
author = { A. Paulo and J. Ciesielczuk and G. Racki and J. Żaba and K. Gaidzik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064381603&doi=10.7306%2f2019.17&partnerID=40&md5=fd1bf4d2612c0ca95c559b42b5bda9de},
doi = {10.7306/2019.17},
issn = {00332151},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},
volume = {67},
number = {3},
pages = {189-191},
publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},
abstract = {Ashua Formation was deposited in Coniacian-Early Santonian time near shore of a shallow sea and in a plethora of continental arid environments. Its main component is fine-grained siliciclastic materialforming lithic and subordinate arkosic graywackes. Limestones are frequent in the lower member, and in the upper one gypsum and halite are present. Based on sedimentary textures and detailedpetrographic studies, nine general microfacies were identified: shallow sea, beach, brack'isch and mudflats, lagoon, sabkha and playa, deltaic, alluvial, mudflows, dunes at shoreline of an agitated water basin. The present authors suggest that the main source of detritus was pyroclastic deposits. They probably belong to the heavily eroded Lower Cretaceous Matalaque Formation. © 2019 Polish Geological Institute. All Rights Reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Ashua Formation was deposited in Coniacian-Early Santonian time near shore of a shallow sea and in a plethora of continental arid environments. Its main component is fine-grained siliciclastic materialforming lithic and subordinate arkosic graywackes. Limestones are frequent in the lower member, and in the upper one gypsum and halite are present. Based on sedimentary textures and detailedpetrographic studies, nine general microfacies were identified: shallow sea, beach, brack'isch and mudflats, lagoon, sabkha and playa, deltaic, alluvial, mudflows, dunes at shoreline of an agitated water basin. The present authors suggest that the main source of detritus was pyroclastic deposits. They probably belong to the heavily eroded Lower Cretaceous Matalaque Formation. © 2019 Polish Geological Institute. All Rights Reserved.
2018
Gałaś, A.; Paulo, A.; Gaidzik, K.; Zavala, B.; Kalicki, T.; Churata, D.; Gałaś, S.; Mariño, J.
Geosites and Geotouristic Attractions Proposed for the Project Geopark Colca and Volcanoes of Andagua, Peru Journal Article
In: Geoheritage, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 707-729, 2018, ISSN: 18672477, (14).
@article{2-s2.0-85048132613,
title = {Geosites and Geotouristic Attractions Proposed for the Project Geopark Colca and Volcanoes of Andagua, Peru},
author = { A. Gałaś and A. Paulo and K. Gaidzik and B. Zavala and T. Kalicki and D. Churata and S. Gałaś and J. Mariño},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048132613&doi=10.1007%2fs12371-018-0307-y&partnerID=40&md5=c971127e5547ecc17dab1c32f2bd64dd},
doi = {10.1007/s12371-018-0307-y},
issn = {18672477},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Geoheritage},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {707-729},
publisher = {Springer Verlag},
abstract = {The Colca Canyon (Central Andes; Southern Peru), about 100 km long and 1–3 km deep, forms a magnificent cross section of the Earth’s crust giving insight into mutual relations between lithostratigraphical units, and allowing relatively easy interpretation of the fascinating geological history written in the rocky beds and relief. Current activity of tectonic processes related to the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American Plate exposed the geological heritage within study area. Well-developed tectonic structures present high scientific values. The volcanic landforms in the Valley of the Volcanoes and around the Colca Canyon include lava flows, scoria cones and small lava domes. They represent natural phenomena which gained recognition among tourists, scientists and local people. Studies performed by the Polish Scientific Expedition to Peru since 2003 recognized in area of Colca Canyon and Valley of the Volcanoes high geodiversity, potential for geoturism but also requirements for protectection. The idea of creating geopark gained recently the approval of regional and local authorities with support from the local National Geological Survey (INGEMMET). The Geopark Colca and Volcanoes of Andagua would strengthen the relatively poor system of the protected areas in the Arequipa department, increasing the touristic attractiveness and determine constraints for sustained regional development. © 2018, The Author(s).},
note = {14},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Colca Canyon (Central Andes; Southern Peru), about 100 km long and 1–3 km deep, forms a magnificent cross section of the Earth’s crust giving insight into mutual relations between lithostratigraphical units, and allowing relatively easy interpretation of the fascinating geological history written in the rocky beds and relief. Current activity of tectonic processes related to the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American Plate exposed the geological heritage within study area. Well-developed tectonic structures present high scientific values. The volcanic landforms in the Valley of the Volcanoes and around the Colca Canyon include lava flows, scoria cones and small lava domes. They represent natural phenomena which gained recognition among tourists, scientists and local people. Studies performed by the Polish Scientific Expedition to Peru since 2003 recognized in area of Colca Canyon and Valley of the Volcanoes high geodiversity, potential for geoturism but also requirements for protectection. The idea of creating geopark gained recently the approval of regional and local authorities with support from the local National Geological Survey (INGEMMET). The Geopark Colca and Volcanoes of Andagua would strengthen the relatively poor system of the protected areas in the Arequipa department, increasing the touristic attractiveness and determine constraints for sustained regional development. © 2018, The Author(s).
Ramírez-Herrera, M. T.; Gaidzik, K.; Forman, S. L.; Kostoglodov, V.; Bürgmann, R.; Johnson, C. W.
Relating the long-term and short-term vertical deformation across a transect of the forearc in the central Mexican subduction zone Journal Article
In: Geosphere, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 419-439, 2018, ISSN: 1553040X, (9).
@article{2-s2.0-85044618273,
title = {Relating the long-term and short-term vertical deformation across a transect of the forearc in the central Mexican subduction zone},
author = { M.T. Ramírez-Herrera and K. Gaidzik and S.L. Forman and V. Kostoglodov and R. Bürgmann and C.W. Johnson},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044618273&doi=10.1130%2fGES01446.1&partnerID=40&md5=900fee384856e1cdf423b2f5f8b4370e},
doi = {10.1130/GES01446.1},
issn = {1553040X},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Geosphere},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {419-439},
publisher = {Geological Society of America},
abstract = {Earthquake-cycle deformation, which includes earthquake ruptures, interseismic strain, and transient slow slip events, spans spatial scales ranging from fractions of a meter to thousands of kilometers. Similarly, temporal scales range from seconds during an earthquake rupture to thousands of years of strain accumulation between earthquakes. We discuss results regarding the vertical crustal deformation associated with both slow and rapid crustal deformation across a transect of the central Mexican subduction forearc in the Guerrero seismic gap, where the Cocos plate underthrusts the North America plate. This sector of the subduction zone is characterized by a flat-slab geometry with zones of sharp bending-unbending of the slab, irregularly distributed seismicity, and exceptionally large slow slip events. We used the river network, topography, geomorphic features, and morphometry on a transect across the forearc to assess Quaternary crustal deformation. The Papagayo drainage network shows that the forearc has been uplifted since the late Cenozoic (~25 Ma), and that rates of uplift increased since the beginning of the Holocene. Uplift is not homogeneous but shows a trend of increase away from the coast. This vertical deformation is strongly influenced by subduction processes. Thus, the Papagayo River network is strongly controlled by Holocene earthquake cycle processes. This is particularly true for the southern section of the drainage basin, where E-W-striking left-lateral strike-slip faults with a vertical component offset the course of the main river. These faults are accommodating part of the oblique plate convergence at the Mexican subduction zone. We measured the height of a series of terraces and dated quartz extracts by optically stimulated luminescence, and we calculated long-term rates of uplift ranging from 0.5 to 4.9 mm/yr. We discuss associations of forearc topography, faults, and long-term crustal deformation with the Cocos slab geometry, distribution of slow slip events, and earthquake-cycle deformation. © 2018 The Authors.},
note = {9},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Earthquake-cycle deformation, which includes earthquake ruptures, interseismic strain, and transient slow slip events, spans spatial scales ranging from fractions of a meter to thousands of kilometers. Similarly, temporal scales range from seconds during an earthquake rupture to thousands of years of strain accumulation between earthquakes. We discuss results regarding the vertical crustal deformation associated with both slow and rapid crustal deformation across a transect of the central Mexican subduction forearc in the Guerrero seismic gap, where the Cocos plate underthrusts the North America plate. This sector of the subduction zone is characterized by a flat-slab geometry with zones of sharp bending-unbending of the slab, irregularly distributed seismicity, and exceptionally large slow slip events. We used the river network, topography, geomorphic features, and morphometry on a transect across the forearc to assess Quaternary crustal deformation. The Papagayo drainage network shows that the forearc has been uplifted since the late Cenozoic (~25 Ma), and that rates of uplift increased since the beginning of the Holocene. Uplift is not homogeneous but shows a trend of increase away from the coast. This vertical deformation is strongly influenced by subduction processes. Thus, the Papagayo River network is strongly controlled by Holocene earthquake cycle processes. This is particularly true for the southern section of the drainage basin, where E-W-striking left-lateral strike-slip faults with a vertical component offset the course of the main river. These faults are accommodating part of the oblique plate convergence at the Mexican subduction zone. We measured the height of a series of terraces and dated quartz extracts by optically stimulated luminescence, and we calculated long-term rates of uplift ranging from 0.5 to 4.9 mm/yr. We discuss associations of forearc topography, faults, and long-term crustal deformation with the Cocos slab geometry, distribution of slow slip events, and earthquake-cycle deformation. © 2018 The Authors.
Ramírez-Herrera, M. T.; Goguitchaichvili, A.; Bautista, F.; Quintana, P.; Ruiz-Fernández, A. C.; Corona, N.; Rangel, V.; Lagos, M.; Kostoglodov, V.; Machain, M. L.; Treviño, D. A.; Castillo-Aja, R.; Gaidzik, K.
Application of multiple proxies in Mexican tropical coasts to prove evidence of tsunami deposits Journal Article
In: Geofisica Internacional, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 9-10, 2018, ISSN: 00167169.
@article{2-s2.0-85065073139,
title = {Application of multiple proxies in Mexican tropical coasts to prove evidence of tsunami deposits},
author = { M.T. Ramírez-Herrera and A. Goguitchaichvili and F. Bautista and P. Quintana and A.C. Ruiz-Fernández and N. Corona and V. Rangel and M. Lagos and V. Kostoglodov and M.L. Machain and D.A. Treviño and R. Castillo-Aja and K. Gaidzik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065073139&doi=10.22201%2figeof.00167169p.2018.57.1.1812&partnerID=40&md5=58b11db41e97c533ea3e18b3dca2a236},
doi = {10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2018.57.1.1812},
issn = {00167169},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Geofisica Internacional},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {9-10},
publisher = {Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico},
abstract = {[No abstract available]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
[No abstract available]
2017
Gaidzik, K.; Ramírez-Herrera, M. T.; Bunn, M.; Leshchinsky, B. A.; Olsen, M.; Regmi, N. R.
Landslide manual and automated inventories, and susceptibility mapping using LIDAR in the forested mountains of Guerrero, Mexico Journal Article
In: Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1054-1079, 2017, ISSN: 19475705, (19).
@article{2-s2.0-85014463229,
title = {Landslide manual and automated inventories, and susceptibility mapping using LIDAR in the forested mountains of Guerrero, Mexico},
author = { K. Gaidzik and M.T. Ramírez-Herrera and M. Bunn and B.A. Leshchinsky and M. Olsen and N.R. Regmi},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014463229&doi=10.1080%2f19475705.2017.1292560&partnerID=40&md5=653074a649221676ca2e164b562baaf8},
doi = {10.1080/19475705.2017.1292560},
issn = {19475705},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {1054-1079},
publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
abstract = {Landslides are a pervasive natural disaster, resulting in severe social, environmental and economic impacts worldwide. The tropical, mountainous landscape in South-West Mexico is predisposed to landslides because of frequent hurricanes and earthquakes. The main goal of this study is to compare landslide susceptibility maps in Guerrero derived using high-resolution LIDAR (light detection and ranging) data from both a manual landslide event inventory and an automated landslide inventorying algorithm. The paper also highlights the importance of applying LIDAR data in landslide inventorying and susceptibility mapping. We mapped landslides based on two approaches: (1) manual mapping using satellite images and (2) automatic identification of landslide morphology employing the Contour Connection Method (CCM). We produced a landslide susceptibility map by computing the probability of landslide occurrence from statistical relationships of inventoried landslides detected with LIDAR digital terrain models (DTMs) and derived landslide-causing factors using the logistic regression method. Our results suggest that the automated inventory derived through the CCM algorithm with LIDAR DTMs effectively minimizes the time-consuming and subjective manual inventorying process. The high overall prediction accuracy (up to 0.83) from logistic regression demonstrates the validity and applicability deriving reliable landslide susceptibility maps from an automated inventory; however, LIDAR data are required. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
note = {19},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Landslides are a pervasive natural disaster, resulting in severe social, environmental and economic impacts worldwide. The tropical, mountainous landscape in South-West Mexico is predisposed to landslides because of frequent hurricanes and earthquakes. The main goal of this study is to compare landslide susceptibility maps in Guerrero derived using high-resolution LIDAR (light detection and ranging) data from both a manual landslide event inventory and an automated landslide inventorying algorithm. The paper also highlights the importance of applying LIDAR data in landslide inventorying and susceptibility mapping. We mapped landslides based on two approaches: (1) manual mapping using satellite images and (2) automatic identification of landslide morphology employing the Contour Connection Method (CCM). We produced a landslide susceptibility map by computing the probability of landslide occurrence from statistical relationships of inventoried landslides detected with LIDAR digital terrain models (DTMs) and derived landslide-causing factors using the logistic regression method. Our results suggest that the automated inventory derived through the CCM algorithm with LIDAR DTMs effectively minimizes the time-consuming and subjective manual inventorying process. The high overall prediction accuracy (up to 0.83) from logistic regression demonstrates the validity and applicability deriving reliable landslide susceptibility maps from an automated inventory; however, LIDAR data are required. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Gaidzik, K.; Żaba, J.
In: Przeglad Geologiczny, vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 1548-1554, 2017, ISSN: 00332151, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85040699498,
title = {Comparison of fold deformation sequences in the northern and southern metamorphic cover of the Karkonosze granitoids [Porownanie sekwencji deformacji faldowych w polnocnej i poludniowej okrywie granitoidow Karkonoszy]},
author = { K. Gaidzik and J. Żaba},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040699498&partnerID=40&md5=8296137dfd232e8e872a40729acf86a6},
issn = {00332151},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},
volume = {65},
number = {12},
pages = {1548-1554},
publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},
abstract = {We applied the detailed structural analysis to 394 outcrops in the southern and northern metamorphic cover of the Karkonosze Intrusion.We recognised five generations of fold structures: F1 -poorly preserved tight inlrafoliation folds; F2 - the most common generation, with the whole variety of fold geometries, W-Eand WSW-ENE-orientedfold axes in the northern contact zone, and W-E and WNW-ESE-oriented fold axes in the southern contact zone; F3 - chevronfolds; F4 - kink folds observed only in the Stara Kam ienica schist belt; and F$ - wide open folds, locally transformed into monoclinal kink folds, probably formed during the Variscan intrusion of the Karkonosze pluton. Similarity observed in the structural style in the northern and southern contact zones prove that these lithostratigraphic units had formed a single unit - the Izera-Kowary Unit - and had undergone the same deformaiional stages before the Karkonosze granitoid intrusion took place.},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We applied the detailed structural analysis to 394 outcrops in the southern and northern metamorphic cover of the Karkonosze Intrusion.We recognised five generations of fold structures: F1 -poorly preserved tight inlrafoliation folds; F2 - the most common generation, with the whole variety of fold geometries, W-Eand WSW-ENE-orientedfold axes in the northern contact zone, and W-E and WNW-ESE-oriented fold axes in the southern contact zone; F3 - chevronfolds; F4 - kink folds observed only in the Stara Kam ienica schist belt; and F$ - wide open folds, locally transformed into monoclinal kink folds, probably formed during the Variscan intrusion of the Karkonosze pluton. Similarity observed in the structural style in the northern and southern contact zones prove that these lithostratigraphic units had formed a single unit - the Izera-Kowary Unit - and had undergone the same deformaiional stages before the Karkonosze granitoid intrusion took place.
Gaidzik, K.; Ramírez-Herrera, M. T.
Geomorphic indices and relative tectonic uplift in the Guerrero sector of the Mexican forearc Journal Article
In: Geoscience Frontiers, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 885-902, 2017, ISSN: 16749871, (46).
@article{2-s2.0-84992126296,
title = {Geomorphic indices and relative tectonic uplift in the Guerrero sector of the Mexican forearc},
author = { K. Gaidzik and M.T. Ramírez-Herrera},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992126296&doi=10.1016%2fj.gsf.2016.07.006&partnerID=40&md5=5e04f22325bd87c5d2c3682499bc8235},
doi = {10.1016/j.gsf.2016.07.006},
issn = {16749871},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Geoscience Frontiers},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {885-902},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Tectonically active areas, such as forearc regions, commonly show contrasting relief, differential tectonic uplift, variations in erosion rates, in river incision, and in channel gradient produced by ongoing tectonic deformation. Thus, information on the tectonic activity of a defined area could be derived via landscape analysis. This study uses topography and geomorphic indices to extract signals of ongoing tectonic deformation along the Mexican subduction forearc within the Guerrero sector. For this purpose, we use field data, topographical data, knickpoints, the ratio of volume to area (RVA), the stream-length gradient index (SL), and the normalized channel steepness index (ksn). The results of the applied landscape analysis reveal considerable variations in relief, topography and geomorphic indices values along the Guerrero sector of the Mexican subduction zone. We argue that the reported differences are indicative of tectonic deformation and of variations in relative tectonic uplift along the studied forearc. A significant drop from central and eastern parts of the study area towards the west in values of RVA (from ∼500 to ∼300), SL (from ∼500 to ca. 400), maximum SL (from ∼1500–2500 to ∼1000) and ksn (from ∼150 to ∼100) denotes a decrease in relative tectonic uplift in the same direction. We suggest that applied geomorphic indices values and forearc topography are independent of climate and lithology. Actual mechanisms responsible for the observed variations and inferred changes in relative forearc tectonic uplift call for further studies that explain the physical processes that control the forearc along strike uplift variations and that determine the rates of uplift. The proposed methodology and results obtained through this study could prove useful to scientists who study the geomorphology of forearc regions and active subduction zones. © 2016 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University},
note = {46},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Tectonically active areas, such as forearc regions, commonly show contrasting relief, differential tectonic uplift, variations in erosion rates, in river incision, and in channel gradient produced by ongoing tectonic deformation. Thus, information on the tectonic activity of a defined area could be derived via landscape analysis. This study uses topography and geomorphic indices to extract signals of ongoing tectonic deformation along the Mexican subduction forearc within the Guerrero sector. For this purpose, we use field data, topographical data, knickpoints, the ratio of volume to area (RVA), the stream-length gradient index (SL), and the normalized channel steepness index (ksn). The results of the applied landscape analysis reveal considerable variations in relief, topography and geomorphic indices values along the Guerrero sector of the Mexican subduction zone. We argue that the reported differences are indicative of tectonic deformation and of variations in relative tectonic uplift along the studied forearc. A significant drop from central and eastern parts of the study area towards the west in values of RVA (from ∼500 to ∼300), SL (from ∼500 to ca. 400), maximum SL (from ∼1500–2500 to ∼1000) and ksn (from ∼150 to ∼100) denotes a decrease in relative tectonic uplift in the same direction. We suggest that applied geomorphic indices values and forearc topography are independent of climate and lithology. Actual mechanisms responsible for the observed variations and inferred changes in relative forearc tectonic uplift call for further studies that explain the physical processes that control the forearc along strike uplift variations and that determine the rates of uplift. The proposed methodology and results obtained through this study could prove useful to scientists who study the geomorphology of forearc regions and active subduction zones. © 2016 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University
2016
Gaidzik, K.; Ramírez-Herrera, M. T.; Kostoglodov, V.
Active Crustal Faults in the Forearc Region, Guerrero Sector of the Mexican Subduction Zone Journal Article
In: Pure and Applied Geophysics, vol. 173, no. 10-11, pp. 3419-3443, 2016, ISSN: 00334553, (13).
@article{2-s2.0-84991220688,
title = {Active Crustal Faults in the Forearc Region, Guerrero Sector of the Mexican Subduction Zone},
author = { K. Gaidzik and M.T. Ramírez-Herrera and V. Kostoglodov},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991220688&doi=10.1007%2fs00024-015-1213-8&partnerID=40&md5=82e8bfa93d9cd85f77de8da5941da75b},
doi = {10.1007/s00024-015-1213-8},
issn = {00334553},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Pure and Applied Geophysics},
volume = {173},
number = {10-11},
pages = {3419-3443},
publisher = {Birkhauser Verlag AG},
abstract = {This work explores the characteristics and the seismogenic potential of crustal faults on the overriding plate in an area of high seismic hazard associated with the occurrence of subduction earthquakes and shallow earthquakes of the overriding plate. We present the results of geomorphic, structural, and fault kinematic analyses conducted on the convergent margin between the Cocos plate and the forearc region of the overriding North American plate, within the Guerrero sector of the Mexican subduction zone. We aim to determine the active tectonic processes in the forearc region of the subduction zone, using the river network pattern, topography, and structural data. We suggest that in the studied forearc region, both strike-slip and normal crustal faults sub-parallel to the subduction zone show evidence of activity. The left-lateral offsets of the main stream courses of the largest river basins, GPS measurements, and obliquity of plate convergence along the Cocos subduction zone in the Guerrero sector suggest the activity of sub-latitudinal left-lateral strike-slip faults. Notably, the regional left-lateral strike-slip fault that offsets the Papagayo River near the town of La Venta named “La Venta Fault” shows evidence of recent activity, corroborated also by GPS measurements (4–5 mm/year of sinistral motion). Assuming that during a probable earthquake the whole mapped length of this fault would rupture, it would produce an event of maximum moment magnitude Mw = 7.7. Even though only a few focal mechanism solutions indicate a stress regime relevant for reactivation of these strike-slip structures, we hypothesize that these faults are active and suggest two probable explanations: (1) these faults are characterized by long recurrence period, i.e., beyond the instrumental record, or (2) they experience slow slip events and/or associated fault creep. The analysis of focal mechanism solutions of small magnitude earthquakes in the upper plate, for the period between 1995 and 2008, revealed that frequent normal faults, sub-parallel to the trench, could be reactivated in the current stress field related to the Cocos subduction. Moreover, these features could also be reactivated by subduction megathrust earthquakes. © 2016, Springer International Publishing.},
note = {13},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This work explores the characteristics and the seismogenic potential of crustal faults on the overriding plate in an area of high seismic hazard associated with the occurrence of subduction earthquakes and shallow earthquakes of the overriding plate. We present the results of geomorphic, structural, and fault kinematic analyses conducted on the convergent margin between the Cocos plate and the forearc region of the overriding North American plate, within the Guerrero sector of the Mexican subduction zone. We aim to determine the active tectonic processes in the forearc region of the subduction zone, using the river network pattern, topography, and structural data. We suggest that in the studied forearc region, both strike-slip and normal crustal faults sub-parallel to the subduction zone show evidence of activity. The left-lateral offsets of the main stream courses of the largest river basins, GPS measurements, and obliquity of plate convergence along the Cocos subduction zone in the Guerrero sector suggest the activity of sub-latitudinal left-lateral strike-slip faults. Notably, the regional left-lateral strike-slip fault that offsets the Papagayo River near the town of La Venta named “La Venta Fault” shows evidence of recent activity, corroborated also by GPS measurements (4–5 mm/year of sinistral motion). Assuming that during a probable earthquake the whole mapped length of this fault would rupture, it would produce an event of maximum moment magnitude Mw = 7.7. Even though only a few focal mechanism solutions indicate a stress regime relevant for reactivation of these strike-slip structures, we hypothesize that these faults are active and suggest two probable explanations: (1) these faults are characterized by long recurrence period, i.e., beyond the instrumental record, or (2) they experience slow slip events and/or associated fault creep. The analysis of focal mechanism solutions of small magnitude earthquakes in the upper plate, for the period between 1995 and 2008, revealed that frequent normal faults, sub-parallel to the trench, could be reactivated in the current stress field related to the Cocos subduction. Moreover, these features could also be reactivated by subduction megathrust earthquakes. © 2016, Springer International Publishing.
2015
Matyszkiewicz, J.; Kochman, A.; Rzepa, G.; Gołębiowska, B.; Krajewski, M.; Gaidzik, K.; Żaba, J.
In: Acta Geologica Polonica, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 181-203, 2015, ISSN: 00015709, (16).
@article{2-s2.0-84938351124,
title = {Epigenetic silicification of the Upper Oxfordian limestones in the Sokole Hills (Kraków-Czêstochowa Upland): Relationship to facies development and tectonics},
author = { J. Matyszkiewicz and A. Kochman and G. Rzepa and B. Gołębiowska and M. Krajewski and K. Gaidzik and J. Żaba},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938351124&doi=10.1515%2fagp-2015-0007&partnerID=40&md5=43d017ed11a5edf35b58fe5f325f9563},
doi = {10.1515/agp-2015-0007},
issn = {00015709},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Acta Geologica Polonica},
volume = {65},
number = {2},
pages = {181-203},
publisher = {Adam Mickiewicz University Press},
abstract = {A spectacular epigenetic silicification was encountered in the Oxfordian bedded limestones exposed in the Sokole Hills situated in the Krakow-Częstochowa Upland. The main epigenetic mineral is microcrystalline quartz accompanied by minor goethite, hematite, barite, galena and sphalerite. Locally, the mineralized limestones reveal Pb and Cu contents exceeding over 150 times the background values of these metals in unmineralized limestones. The epigenetic mineralization of the bedded limestones was probably a two-stage process. During the first, Early Cretaceous stage, silicified limestones formed at the erosional surface of a denuded carbonate complex. Such silicification greatly limited the progress of the first karstification phase of the Upper Jurassic carbonates initiated in the Hauterivian. The sources of silica accumulated in the limestones were descending solutions enriched in silica derived from the weathering zone. This silicification affected the topmost part of the Upper Jurassic massive limestones and the deeper portions of the bedded limestones along the fracture systems and stylolites. Early Cretaceous tectonic activity generated new dislocations and re-opened the existing faults, which were subsequently filled with permeable Albian quartz sands. These openings became the migration pathways for ascending, warm, relict, sulphide-carrying hydrothermal solutions at the second formation stage of the epigenetic mineralization. The newly supplied silica from the Albian sands precipitated on the silicified limestones and, as concentric rims, on brecciated, early diagenetic cherts. The second-stage mineralization proceeded under phreatic conditions, presumably close to a fluctuating mixing zone of ascending, warm hydrothermal solutions and descending cold groundwaters. The brecciated cherts acting as silica crystallization nuclei indicate that the last mineralization stage probably followed the final phase of Cenozoic faulting. © 2015 Acta Geologica Polonica.},
note = {16},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A spectacular epigenetic silicification was encountered in the Oxfordian bedded limestones exposed in the Sokole Hills situated in the Krakow-Częstochowa Upland. The main epigenetic mineral is microcrystalline quartz accompanied by minor goethite, hematite, barite, galena and sphalerite. Locally, the mineralized limestones reveal Pb and Cu contents exceeding over 150 times the background values of these metals in unmineralized limestones. The epigenetic mineralization of the bedded limestones was probably a two-stage process. During the first, Early Cretaceous stage, silicified limestones formed at the erosional surface of a denuded carbonate complex. Such silicification greatly limited the progress of the first karstification phase of the Upper Jurassic carbonates initiated in the Hauterivian. The sources of silica accumulated in the limestones were descending solutions enriched in silica derived from the weathering zone. This silicification affected the topmost part of the Upper Jurassic massive limestones and the deeper portions of the bedded limestones along the fracture systems and stylolites. Early Cretaceous tectonic activity generated new dislocations and re-opened the existing faults, which were subsequently filled with permeable Albian quartz sands. These openings became the migration pathways for ascending, warm, relict, sulphide-carrying hydrothermal solutions at the second formation stage of the epigenetic mineralization. The newly supplied silica from the Albian sands precipitated on the silicified limestones and, as concentric rims, on brecciated, early diagenetic cherts. The second-stage mineralization proceeded under phreatic conditions, presumably close to a fluctuating mixing zone of ascending, warm hydrothermal solutions and descending cold groundwaters. The brecciated cherts acting as silica crystallization nuclei indicate that the last mineralization stage probably followed the final phase of Cenozoic faulting. © 2015 Acta Geologica Polonica.
Szczygieł, J.; Gaidzik, K.; Kicińska, D.
Tectonic control of cave development: A case study of the bystra valley in the tatra mts., poland Journal Article
In: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 387-404, 2015, ISSN: 02089068, (9).
@article{2-s2.0-84937153429,
title = {Tectonic control of cave development: A case study of the bystra valley in the tatra mts., poland},
author = { J. Szczygieł and K. Gaidzik and D. Kicińska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937153429&doi=10.14241%2fasgp.2015.015&partnerID=40&md5=210b4d5fe01b231d7f8dd38e9c9b45ce},
doi = {10.14241/asgp.2015.015},
issn = {02089068},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae},
volume = {85},
number = {2},
pages = {387-404},
publisher = {Geological Society of Poland},
abstract = {Tectonic research and morphological observations were carried out in six caves (Kalacka; Goryczkowa; Kasprowa Nizna; Kasprowa Srednia; Kasprowa Wyznia and Magurska) in the Bystra Valley, in the Tatra Mountains. There are three cave levels, with the youngest active and the other two inactive, reflecting development partly under epiphreatic and partly under phreatic conditions. These studies demonstrate strong control of the cave pattern by tectonic features, including faults and related fractures that originated or were rejuvenated during uplift, lasting from the Late Miocene. In a few local cases, the cave passages are guided by the combined influence of bedding, joints and fractures in the hinge zone of a chevron anticline. That these cave passages are guided by tectonic structures, irrespective of lithological differences, indicates that these proto-conduits were formed by “tectonic inception”. Differences in the cave pattern between the phreatic and epiphreatic zones at a given cave level may be a result of massif relaxation. Below the bottom of the valley, the effect of stress on the rock mass is related to the regional stress field and only individual faults extend below the bottom of the valley. Thus in the phreatic zone, the flow is focused and a single conduit becomes enlarged. The local extension is more intense in the epiphreatic zone above the valley floor and more fractures have been sufficiently extended to allow water to flow. The water migrates along a network of fissures and a maze could be forming. Neotectonic displacements (of up to 15 cm), which are more recent than the passages, were also identified in the caves. Neotectonic activity is no longer betieved to have as great an impact on cave morphology as previously was thought. Those faults with displacements of several metres, described as younger than the cave by other authors, should be reclassified as older faults, the surfaces of which have been exposed by speleogenesis. The possible presence of neotectonic faults with greater displacements is not excluded, but they would have had a much greater morphological impact than the observed features suggest. © 2015, Geological Society of Poland. All rights reserved.},
note = {9},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Tectonic research and morphological observations were carried out in six caves (Kalacka; Goryczkowa; Kasprowa Nizna; Kasprowa Srednia; Kasprowa Wyznia and Magurska) in the Bystra Valley, in the Tatra Mountains. There are three cave levels, with the youngest active and the other two inactive, reflecting development partly under epiphreatic and partly under phreatic conditions. These studies demonstrate strong control of the cave pattern by tectonic features, including faults and related fractures that originated or were rejuvenated during uplift, lasting from the Late Miocene. In a few local cases, the cave passages are guided by the combined influence of bedding, joints and fractures in the hinge zone of a chevron anticline. That these cave passages are guided by tectonic structures, irrespective of lithological differences, indicates that these proto-conduits were formed by “tectonic inception”. Differences in the cave pattern between the phreatic and epiphreatic zones at a given cave level may be a result of massif relaxation. Below the bottom of the valley, the effect of stress on the rock mass is related to the regional stress field and only individual faults extend below the bottom of the valley. Thus in the phreatic zone, the flow is focused and a single conduit becomes enlarged. The local extension is more intense in the epiphreatic zone above the valley floor and more fractures have been sufficiently extended to allow water to flow. The water migrates along a network of fissures and a maze could be forming. Neotectonic displacements (of up to 15 cm), which are more recent than the passages, were also identified in the caves. Neotectonic activity is no longer betieved to have as great an impact on cave morphology as previously was thought. Those faults with displacements of several metres, described as younger than the cave by other authors, should be reclassified as older faults, the surfaces of which have been exposed by speleogenesis. The possible presence of neotectonic faults with greater displacements is not excluded, but they would have had a much greater morphological impact than the observed features suggest. © 2015, Geological Society of Poland. All rights reserved.
2013
Ciesielczuk, J.; Żaba, J.; Bzowska, G.; Gaidzik, K.; Głogowska, M.
Sulphate efflorescences at the geyser near Pinchollo, southern Peru Journal Article
In: Journal of South American Earth Sciences, vol. 42, pp. 186-193, 2013, ISSN: 08959811, (18).
@article{2-s2.0-84871747604,
title = {Sulphate efflorescences at the geyser near Pinchollo, southern Peru},
author = { J. Ciesielczuk and J. Żaba and G. Bzowska and K. Gaidzik and M. Głogowska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871747604&doi=10.1016%2fj.jsames.2012.06.016&partnerID=40&md5=3eae045dda31e6dc113ab3290155cab2},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsames.2012.06.016},
issn = {08959811},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of South American Earth Sciences},
volume = {42},
pages = {186-193},
abstract = {Sulphate mineralization precipitated around a geyser located above the village of Pinchollo, Chivay district and below Hualca Hualca volcano (6025 m a.s.l.) in the Western Cordillera of southern Peru is described. The geyser is one of many manifestations of thermal activity in the Arequipa department. Its age is estimated to be Upper Pleistocene-Holocene, as the discharge point lies at the intersection of a fault system with latitudinal dip-slip fault cutting a volcanic-debris avalanche of probably Pleistocene age. Thermal waters present in the Chivay district are mainly chloride-rich with a neutral pH. They are rich in Li, Sr, and B. The water erupting in the geyser boils at about 85 °C, as it lies at some 4353 m a.s.l.The minerals examined, of various habits and various yellow, orange and white colours were precipitated on the soil and on plants close to the geyser (location 1), on the walls of a 1 m diameter pothole filled with boiling water (location 1a) and at a distance of some 100 m to the west of the geyser (location 2). All are sulphates. Their chemical composition is fairly simple, consisting of Al, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, S, NH4 and O, and all display chemical zoning. But the phase composition is more complex. In all locations, alunogene, copiapite, coquimbite, tschermigite and gypsum are present. Close to the geyser (location 1) magnesium-containing sulphates, namely, boussingaultite and pickeringite also occur. Iron sulphates such as mohrite and rozenite precipitate on the walls of the pothole (location 1a). Sulphates containing potassium such as jarosite, alunite and voltaite-voltaite (Mg) dominate among the efflorescences in location 2, where hematite was also noted. Any quartz and kaolinite or illite/mica admixture identified in some samples derives from adjacent soil.The present geothermal system does not involve the deposition of precious-metal deposits such as those associated with an earlier deep-going epithermal system that scavenged a large volume of rock. Most likely, as the present-day thermal waters do not involve a juvenile-water component, the geyser waters derive from a shallower source. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.},
note = {18},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sulphate mineralization precipitated around a geyser located above the village of Pinchollo, Chivay district and below Hualca Hualca volcano (6025 m a.s.l.) in the Western Cordillera of southern Peru is described. The geyser is one of many manifestations of thermal activity in the Arequipa department. Its age is estimated to be Upper Pleistocene-Holocene, as the discharge point lies at the intersection of a fault system with latitudinal dip-slip fault cutting a volcanic-debris avalanche of probably Pleistocene age. Thermal waters present in the Chivay district are mainly chloride-rich with a neutral pH. They are rich in Li, Sr, and B. The water erupting in the geyser boils at about 85 °C, as it lies at some 4353 m a.s.l.The minerals examined, of various habits and various yellow, orange and white colours were precipitated on the soil and on plants close to the geyser (location 1), on the walls of a 1 m diameter pothole filled with boiling water (location 1a) and at a distance of some 100 m to the west of the geyser (location 2). All are sulphates. Their chemical composition is fairly simple, consisting of Al, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, S, NH4 and O, and all display chemical zoning. But the phase composition is more complex. In all locations, alunogene, copiapite, coquimbite, tschermigite and gypsum are present. Close to the geyser (location 1) magnesium-containing sulphates, namely, boussingaultite and pickeringite also occur. Iron sulphates such as mohrite and rozenite precipitate on the walls of the pothole (location 1a). Sulphates containing potassium such as jarosite, alunite and voltaite-voltaite (Mg) dominate among the efflorescences in location 2, where hematite was also noted. Any quartz and kaolinite or illite/mica admixture identified in some samples derives from adjacent soil.The present geothermal system does not involve the deposition of precious-metal deposits such as those associated with an earlier deep-going epithermal system that scavenged a large volume of rock. Most likely, as the present-day thermal waters do not involve a juvenile-water component, the geyser waters derive from a shallower source. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
2012
Żaba, J.; Małolepszy, Z.; Gaidzik, K.; Ciesielczuk, J.; Paulo, A.
Fault network in Rio Colca valley between Maca and Pinchollo, Central Andes, southern Peru Journal Article
In: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 279-290, 2012, ISSN: 02089068, (13).
@article{2-s2.0-84873479272,
title = {Fault network in Rio Colca valley between Maca and Pinchollo, Central Andes, southern Peru},
author = { J. Żaba and Z. Małolepszy and K. Gaidzik and J. Ciesielczuk and A. Paulo},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873479272&partnerID=40&md5=b8822f6de70661eb09921ac2c45c97a8},
issn = {02089068},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae},
volume = {82},
number = {3},
pages = {279-290},
abstract = {The network of faults andjoints within the Mesozoic, Miocene and Pleistocene-Holocene formations was studied in the Rio Colca valley, in the Pinchollo-Lari-Maca area (Central Andes; southern Peru). A complex, multi-phase development of these structures was revealed. The results show that the structural framework of the Rio Colca valley consists of WNW-ESE and NE-SW faults, and a few W-E faults. The strike of the most common fault sets is approximately parallel (longitudinal) or perpendicular (transverse) to the W-E oriented strike of stratification surfaces in the Mesozoic sedimentary series and the W-E fold macro-structures, developed in these strata. Diagonal faults and joints are less common, allhough at some localities they are numerous. The recurrence of maj or fault syslems throughout the Mesozoic and Miocene series and the Pleislocene-Holocene (mainly colluvial) deposits is proof of recent, tectonic activity in the study area. The recent faulting has led to the development of a syslem of distinct, primary fault scarps, tectonic grabens and horsts, as well as open fissures, which are well marked in the surface morphology, and in many cases have not yet been eroded.},
note = {13},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The network of faults andjoints within the Mesozoic, Miocene and Pleistocene-Holocene formations was studied in the Rio Colca valley, in the Pinchollo-Lari-Maca area (Central Andes; southern Peru). A complex, multi-phase development of these structures was revealed. The results show that the structural framework of the Rio Colca valley consists of WNW-ESE and NE-SW faults, and a few W-E faults. The strike of the most common fault sets is approximately parallel (longitudinal) or perpendicular (transverse) to the W-E oriented strike of stratification surfaces in the Mesozoic sedimentary series and the W-E fold macro-structures, developed in these strata. Diagonal faults and joints are less common, allhough at some localities they are numerous. The recurrence of maj or fault syslems throughout the Mesozoic and Miocene series and the Pleislocene-Holocene (mainly colluvial) deposits is proof of recent, tectonic activity in the study area. The recent faulting has led to the development of a syslem of distinct, primary fault scarps, tectonic grabens and horsts, as well as open fissures, which are well marked in the surface morphology, and in many cases have not yet been eroded.
2010
Słaby, E.; Breitkreuz, C.; Żaba, J.; Domańska-Siuda, J.; Gaidzik, K.; Falenty, K.; Falenty, A.
Magma generation in an alternating transtensional-transpressional regime, the Kraków-Lubliniec Fault Zone, Poland Journal Article
In: Lithos, vol. 119, no. 3-4, pp. 251-268, 2010, ISSN: 00244937, (25).
@article{2-s2.0-77956942574,
title = {Magma generation in an alternating transtensional-transpressional regime, the Kraków-Lubliniec Fault Zone, Poland},
author = { E. Słaby and C. Breitkreuz and J. Żaba and J. Domańska-Siuda and K. Gaidzik and K. Falenty and A. Falenty},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956942574&doi=10.1016%2fj.lithos.2010.07.003&partnerID=40&md5=9f65ecdbe1837ea3f4540959e85386fd},
doi = {10.1016/j.lithos.2010.07.003},
issn = {00244937},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Lithos},
volume = {119},
number = {3-4},
pages = {251-268},
abstract = {In the Kraków-Lubliniec Fault Zone (KLFZ) late Carbonifereous-Permian volcanic rocks mark the boundary between the Małopolska Block (thinned marginal sector of Baltica) and the Upper Silesian Block (a sector of the Brunovistulia composite Terrane). The Zone is a part of the major Hamburg-Kraków-Dobrogea transcontinental strike-slip tectonic zone separating the Laurussian craton and Gondwana blocks which came together to form it. The geochemistry of the volcanic rocks reflects the collisional nature of the tectonism. However, it also presents a signature compatible with extensional magmatism. The paper presents models of magma generation and evolution in what was a zone of alternating transpression and transtension. The magmatism in this zone of amalgamated terranes was related to two different sources: enriched mantle and primitive crust. The lithospheric mantle beneath some blocks of the amalgamated terranes may have experienced enrichment processes during previous subduction events. The metasomatism may have also occurred as a result of crustal thickening during transpression followed by delamination, subsidence and melting. These metasomatised blocks reacted with decompressional melting. Our results show that magma generation and evolution in the zone seem to be not typical examples of late Carbonifereous-Permian magmatism, which is known from other locations throughout Central Europe. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {25},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the Kraków-Lubliniec Fault Zone (KLFZ) late Carbonifereous-Permian volcanic rocks mark the boundary between the Małopolska Block (thinned marginal sector of Baltica) and the Upper Silesian Block (a sector of the Brunovistulia composite Terrane). The Zone is a part of the major Hamburg-Kraków-Dobrogea transcontinental strike-slip tectonic zone separating the Laurussian craton and Gondwana blocks which came together to form it. The geochemistry of the volcanic rocks reflects the collisional nature of the tectonism. However, it also presents a signature compatible with extensional magmatism. The paper presents models of magma generation and evolution in what was a zone of alternating transpression and transtension. The magmatism in this zone of amalgamated terranes was related to two different sources: enriched mantle and primitive crust. The lithospheric mantle beneath some blocks of the amalgamated terranes may have experienced enrichment processes during previous subduction events. The metasomatism may have also occurred as a result of crustal thickening during transpression followed by delamination, subsidence and melting. These metasomatised blocks reacted with decompressional melting. Our results show that magma generation and evolution in the zone seem to be not typical examples of late Carbonifereous-Permian magmatism, which is known from other locations throughout Central Europe. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.