@article{2-s2.0-85194875708,

title = {Spatiotemporal variations of ecosystem services in the Aral Sea basin under different CMIP6 projections},

author = { J. He and Ya. Yu and L. Sun and Ch. Li and H. Zhang and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85194875708&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-024-62802-9&partnerID=40&md5=e4120fb59f9276e396d33b8b4cc5feb4},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-62802-9},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {The Aral Sea, located in Central Asia, has undergone significant reduction in surface area owing to the combined impacts of climate change and human activities. This reduction has led to a regional ecological crisis and profound repercussions on ecosystem services. Investigating the spatiotemporal variations and synergistic trade-offs of ESs in the Aral Sea basin is crucial for fostering the integrated development of the region’s socioeconomic ecology. This study utilizes the Future Land-Use Simulation and InVEST models to analyze future land-use scenarios, integrating CMIP6 projections to assess the quality of four key ecosystem services: water production, soil conservation, carbon storage, and habitat quality over two timeframes: the historical period (1995–2020) and the projected future (2021–2100). Employing Spearman correlation, the study explores the trade-offs and synergies among these ecosystem services. Findings reveal that the primary forms of land-use change in the Aral Sea basin are the reduction in water area (− 49.59%) and the rapid expansion of urban areas (+ 504.65%). Temporally, habitat quality exhibits a declining trend, while carbon storage shows an increasing trend, and water production and soil retention fluctuate initially decreasing and then increasing. Spatially, water production and carbon storage demonstrate an increasing trend from the northwest to the southeast. Habitat quality exhibits a higher spatial pattern in the southeast and south, contrasting with lower spatial patterns in the north and west. Low-level soil conservation is predominantly distributed in the northwest, while medium to low-level soil conservation is prevalent in the east of the basin. The trade-off and synergy analysis indicates that between 1995 and 2020, a trade-off relationship existed between carbon storage and habitat quality and water production, whereas synergies were observed between soil conservation and carbon storage, water production and habitat quality, and soil conservation. The correlation between water production and soil conservation emerges as the strongest, whereas the correlation between carbon storage and habitat quality appears to be the weakest. The dynamic spatiotemporal changes, trade-offs, and collaborative relationships of ESs constitute major aspects of ecosystem service research, holding substantial implications for the effective management of the regional ecological environment. © The Author(s) 2024.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85192679147,

title = {Divergent patterns of landslide activity and triggering factors at a local scale of a single mountain massif (Island Beskid Mts., Western Carpathians, Poland)},

author = { M. Wistuba and E. Gorczyca and I. Malik and R. Yu and A. Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85192679147&doi=10.1016%2fj.enggeo.2024.107531&partnerID=40&md5=a071936bc3fbbd417f6177af399dd506},

doi = {10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107531},

issn = {00137952},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Engineering Geology},

volume = {335},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Landslide protection and mitigation are critical issues in many regions worldwide, where lives and livelihoods depend on correctly determining landslide hazards. However, local differences in the response of landslide slopes to meteorological or seismic triggering factors can decrease the performance of landslide models and forecasts. Thus, recognising and understanding spatial patterns of landslide activity at a local scale should be one of the priorities of landslide research. In this study, we analyse the activity and triggering factors of two landslides in one mountain massif, <2 km apart, in the Western Carpathians, Poland. We analysed 61-year-long (1959–2019) records of the activity of study landslides, i.e. dendrochronological reconstruction based on ring eccentricity and compression wood dated in 65 specimens of European silver fir (Abies alba). We compared the dendrochronological proxy of landslide activity at two study slopes with precipitation and earthquakes in the study area. Based on statistical correlations with 560 precipitation indicators, we found that the similarities between the two study landslides include only the direct triggers in June–July and March. The Wiśnia landslide, unlike Hajdowska, can also be triggered by precipitation in October. However, the main difference between the study landslides lies in the preparatory precipitation. Hajdowska shows significant dependence from precipitation of the previous December and current February, while at the Wiśnia study site, the preparatory precipitation is less important and covers the previous October–November and current January. Our results show that although study landslides could be reactivated at one time by similar direct triggers of spring or summer, such simultaneous reactivation would require preconditions of antecedent precipitation of the previous winter half-year (October–March) different for each landslide. Suppose, the requirements of antecedent precipitation are fulfilled only for one of the landslides during the winter half-year. In that case, the other will remain inactive despite the later occurrence of a shared direct trigger in spring or summer. The example of Hajdowska and Wiśnia shows that significant differences in landslide activity, hazard and triggering factors can exist even at the local scale. We argue that omitting even such subtle, unevident differences in the conditions of landslide activity leads to errors in landslide modelling and forecasting. For example, linking Hajdowska and Wiśnia landslides with one precipitation threshold or model of slope instability based on their adjacent location would not be effective in predicting reactivations. The precision of landslide modelling and forecasting depends on the accuracy of preceding analyses of landslide activity and triggering factors. We argue that in the case of the two adjacent landslides studied the divergent patterns of their activity and triggers would not be revealed without analysing long-term (> 60 years long) data sets. © 2023},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85189503293,

title = {Indicating landslide hazard from tree rings – Ecosystem service provided by an alder forest in the hengduan Mts, Sichuan, China},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik and Y. Tie and E. Gorczyca and Xia. Zhang and Jia. Wang and T. Lu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85189503293&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoser.2024.101619&partnerID=40&md5=8769c5f0d0484dac114cd2d7c8e28caf},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101619},

issn = {22120416},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Ecosystem Services},

volume = {67},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Landslides are destructive geomorphological processes that cause economic and social losses. This stimulates the development of new tools related to landslide hazard. Recently, trees, their growth rings and dendrochronology have become widely used in landslide studies. Thus, this study aims to explore the potential of trees in providing landslide-monitoring ecosystem services through dendrochronology. In our opinion, establishing such an idea would help promote empirical evidence on the efficiency of tree-ring-based tools to decision-makers. We use the example of a landslide in the Moxi basin, Sichuan, China and present results of dendrochronological analysis of growth eccentricity in 48 Nepalese alder (Alnus nepalensis) trees. This analysis provided data on event timing and magnitudes, average frequency and recurrence interval for reactivation of the study landslide, as well as spatial variability of landslide active. Based on dendrochronological data we were also able to determine the current slope balance and general hazard of landslide reactivation on the study slope. Our study shows that trees and dendrochronology can provide data on the activity of landslides that can complement and improve the results of standard engineering methods. Moreover, dendrochronology itself can provide the full information needed for landslide hazard assessment, monitoring and prediction. © 2024},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85183197407,

title = {Spatiotemporal Changes in and Driving Factors of Potential Evapotranspiration in a Hyper-Arid Locale in the Hami Region, China},

author = { Yu. Lu and L. Sun and Ch. Li and J. He and Z. Guo and Li. Duan and Ji. Zhang and E.B. Łupikasza and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and Ya. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183197407&doi=10.3390%2fatmos15010136&partnerID=40&md5=ecb53d3e83ab408b66a789f561e3264b},

doi = {10.3390/atmos15010136},

issn = {20734433},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Atmosphere},

volume = {15},

number = {1},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a crucial variable for implementing adaptation measures to mitigate the potential impacts of climate change on water resources. In the context of global warming, PET is essential for predicting water resource supply and demand, guiding irrigation and water management decisions. However, there is limited understanding of the spatiotemporal changes in PET and its driving factors in the hyper-arid regions of Northwest China. In this study, the Hargreaves model was employed to estimate PET in the Hami region from 1991 to 2020. By combining relevant climate data and partial correlation analysis, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of PET within the study area and analyzed the factors influencing these patterns. The results showed the following: (1) From 1991 to 2020, the overall PET in the Hami region demonstrated a tendency to rise. The interannual trend rates of PET for the full year, spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 0.933, 2.744, 0.906, 0.488, and −0.406 mm·a-1, respectively. Despite a decreasing trend in winter PET, the other seasonal PET values and the annual PET values exhibited an increasing trend. (2) The spatial distribution of both annual and seasonal PET showed significant regional heterogeneity, following a consistent pattern marked by lower values in the central part and higher values in the surrounding areas. The southern region tended to have relatively high PET, while the northwestern region experienced comparatively low PET. (3) Partial correlation analysis indicated significant differences in the impact of various climatic factors on PET. The maximum temperature emerged as the dominant factor influencing annual PET variation, while precipitation played a leading role in influencing autumn PET variation. This study underscores the influence of climate change on PET in the Hami region, contributing to an enhanced comprehension of PET variations. © 2024 by the authors.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85177165519,

title = {Adverse effects of air pollution on human health predicted from tree-ring reductions – A conceptualization of a new ecosystem service},

author = { I. Malik and M. Wistuba and L. Sun and J. He and Ch. Li and Y. Yu and R. Yu and K. Łuszczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85177165519&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoser.2023.101573&partnerID=40&md5=30438b6112b9d6034a7b76424ee149d9},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecoser.2023.101573},

issn = {22120416},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Ecosystem Services},

volume = {64},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Air pollution adversely affects human health, while trees, conifers in particular, growing in areas affected by air pollution, immediately register pollution by developing rings with decreased width. Some diseases in human population, e.g. lung cancer, develop and are diagnosed with a certain delay in relation to the exposure to air pollution, thus, with a certain delay to ring reductions in trees. Therefore, reductions can be recognized as an early indicator that alerts about forthcoming outbreak of adverse health effects in human population. Based on this phenomenon we propose a new approach and a new methodology for assessing threats to human health and lives resulting from air pollution. In this paper we explain the application of new approach by presenting and describing it step by step. We state that data obtained through the new ecosystem service can be applied for early warning against adverse effects of air pollution on human health. This includes improved prediction of hospitalization patterns and financial costs for the healthcare system. The proposed methodology can be useful for decision makers e.g. local governments, state agencies, private enterprises and other stakeholders interested in controlling local emitters of air pollution and the harmfulness of pollution to human health and lives. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85176605048,

title = {Predicting the Potential Geographical Distribution of Rhodiola L. in China under Climate Change Scenarios},

author = { Me. Yang and L. Sun and Ya. Yu and H. Zhang and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85176605048&doi=10.3390%2fplants12213735&partnerID=40&md5=6b047ce747db87980e3a402086fa22a8},

doi = {10.3390/plants12213735},

issn = {22237747},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Plants},

volume = {12},

number = {21},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {Rhodiola L. has high nutritional and medicinal value. Little is known about the properties of its habitat distribution and the important eco-environmental factors shaping its suitability. Rhodiola coccinea (Royle) Boriss., Rhodiola gelida Schrenk, Rhodiola kirilowii (Regel) Maxim., and Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey., which are National Grade II Protected Plants, were selected for this research. Based on high-resolution environmental data for the past, current, and future climate scenarios, we modeled the suitable habitat for four species by MaxEnt, evaluated the importance of environmental factors in shaping their distribution, and identified distribution shifts under climate change scenarios. The results indicate that the growth distribution of R. coccinea, R. kirilowii, and R. quadrifida is most affected by bio10 (mean temperature of warmest quarter), bio3 (isothermality), and bio12 (annual precipitation), whereas that of R. gelida is most affected by bio8 (mean temperature of wettest quarter), bio13 (precipitation of wettest month), and bio16 (precipitation of wettest quarter). Under the current climate scenario, R. coccinea and R. quadrifida are primarily distributed in Tibet, eastern Qinghai, Sichuan, northern Yunnan, and southern Gansu in China, and according to the 2070 climate scenario, the suitable habitats for both species are expected to expand. On the other hand, the suitable habitats for R. gelida and R. kirilowii, which are primarily concentrated in southwestern Xinjiang, Tibet, eastern Qinghai, Sichuan, northern Yunnan, and southern Gansu in China, are projected to decrease under the 2070 climate scenario. Given these results, the four species included in our study urgently need to be subjected to targeted observation management to ensure the renewal of Rhodiola communities. In particular, R. gelida and R. kirilowii should be given more attention. This study provides a useful reference with valuable insights for developing effective management and conservation strategies for these four nationally protected plant species. © 2023 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85146167829,

title = {Trees as bioindicators of hillslope degradation by debris flows and dangerous rockfalls along the Lefthand Canyon, Colorado Front Range},

author = { Ł. Pawlik and B. Buma and M. Wistuba and I. Malik and A. Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146167829&doi=10.1002%2fldr.4575&partnerID=40&md5=a467d49dc39e4cb6917e4fc9fc1bed05},

doi = {10.1002/ldr.4575},

issn = {10853278},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Land Degradation and Development},

volume = {34},

number = {6},

pages = {1869-1884},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Trees provide important ecosystem services such as hillslope stabilization from landslides and rockfall protection, and may also be useful indicators of likelihood of those events in the future. Anatomical changes of tree wood are caused by various physical and biological phenomena. There are several geomorphic processes that change tree-ring characteristics, including hillslope movement, and if detectable, these changes may be used as bioindicators of terrain surface stability. This type of proxy data is vital to places that lack systematic monitoring infrastructure. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of a heavy rainfall that happened on 11–13 September 2013 in the Colorado Front Range (CFR), which triggered more than 1300 debris flows. We intensely studied one large debris flow that was triggered in the region and the surrounding trees. We explored potential tree-based records of hillslope instability including compression wood and the method of eccentricity index of tree rings prior to the 2013 event. In addition, the response index was correlated with daily precipitation totals of the previous and current year in a moving window mode. We also evaluated rockfall patterns to explore the frequency and spatial distribution of tree-scar-based records. Our primarily goal was to test the method in dry climate conditions and to reconstruct possible soil instability episodes and rockfalls that led to hillslope degradation and tree mortality. In this study, we aimed to fill a significant knowledge gap on debris flows and rockfalls frequency in a dry montane forest system. We were able to distinguish 5 years of increased response index (>25% of trees recording slope instability): 1955 (30%), 1982 (27%), 2002 (27%), 2006 (31%), and 2009 (26%). A spring and early summer season daily precipitation totals of the previous year and summertime daily precipitation totals of the current year explained part of the response index variability. Significant correlation coefficients were up to 0.27. Almost 30 historical rockfall events were dated but only one coincided with an earthquake. In total 138 scars visible on growing trees were mapped. Some of them were found even 3.1 m above the ground level. We conclude that trees can be effective bioindicators of hillslope instability related to debris flows and rock falling. However, extreme climate events such as heavy rainfall causing a high number of debris flows can be difficult to predict based on the method adopted in the present study. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85153401010,

title = {Multi-Period Ore Exploitation in Upper Silesia, Central Europe},

author = { I. Malik and M. Bohr and M. Wistuba and T. Raab and A. Bonhage and W.B. Verschoof-van der Vaart and A. Raab and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85153401010&doi=10.1080%2f00934690.2023.2200583&partnerID=40&md5=c29d0fce1ce272784e51c7ac05ac9bdc},

doi = {10.1080/00934690.2023.2200583},

issn = {00934690},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Field Archaeology},

volume = {48},

number = {5},

pages = {366-379},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {We studied the abandoned mining field in southern Poland using high-resolution lidar images to distinguish the number of mining shaft remains and their morphological diversity. We identified 13,864 remains of mining shafts of various sizes (2–30 m in diameter) and diverse levels of denudation. This allowed us to select 13 mining shafts for detailed study. The radiocarbon dating of charcoal and peat from the shafts indicate three phases of exploitation in the study area: the Roman and early migration period (2nd century b.c.–6th century a.d.), the Middle Ages (6th–14th century a.d.), and the modern period (15th–17th century a.d.). The data on metal ore exploitation in the European Barbaricum is scarce and, in the study area itself, historical written sources indicate the onset of mining only in the 12th century a.d. Therefore, ore exploitation in the study area during the Roman period and early migration period, as well as in the early Middle Ages, is an unexpected result. © Trustees of Boston University 2023.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85146812257,

title = {Water Resources Evaluation in Arid Areas Based on Agricultural Water Footprint—A Case Study on the Edge of the Taklimakan Desert},

author = { Li. Zhang and Ya. Yu and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and L. Sun and Me. Yang and Q. Wang and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146812257&doi=10.3390%2fatmos14010067&partnerID=40&md5=2f4d1fe8eea15c0307361322d4dbf222},

doi = {10.3390/atmos14010067},

issn = {20734433},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Atmosphere},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Water scarcity is an important factor limiting agricultural development in arid areas. Clarifying and evaluating the current situation of water resources in arid regions is helpful for decision-makers in the rational use of water resources. This study takes a typical arid region located at the edge of Taklamakan Desert-Hotan region as the study area. The water footprint (WF) of the Hotan region was calculated based on 20 years of data information from 2000–2019. An evaluation system was established using four aspects of the WF: structural indicators, efficiency indicators, ecological safety indicators, and sustainability indicators. The results show that the WF of the study area is mainly dominated by blue water consumption, with a proportion of 65.74%. The WF of crop production is larger than that of livestock production. The produced WF of grain crops is the highest of all products with a share of 44.21%. The increase in the local agricultural WF reached 53.18% from 2000 to 2019, but it was still lower than the amount of water available for agriculture. The evaluation results indicated that the region’s WF import dependency is lower than the global level, with an annual average self-sufficiency rate of 91.13% and an increase of 878.95% in the WF economic efficiency index. The agricultural WF produced in Hotan is exported in the form of trade, but the quantitative contribution is small and does little to relieve water stress in other regions. The agricultural water consumption was still within the range of local water resources that could be carried but only 6 years of sustainable water use, and the future development was not optimistic. With the ratio of produced WF to available water resources maintained at about 58%, the local available water resources should be above 43.21 × 108 m3 to initially ensure the sustainable use of water resources. There were 12 drought years in the study period, which are prone to droughts and high disaster levels. The drought-water scarcity systems behaved in three phases: 2000–2011 (uncoordinated level), 2012–2015 (transitional phase), and 2016–2019 (coordinated level). Water scarcity threatened by drought reduced. The occurrence of meteorological droughts was more related to natural factors while the changes in WF were mainly driven by socio-economic elements such as human activities. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85140487957,

title = {Temporal Variability of Temperature, Precipitation and Drought Indices in Hyper-Arid Region of Northwest China for the Past 60 Years},

author = { J. He and B. Li and Ya. Yu and L. Sun and H. Zhang and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140487957&doi=10.3390%2fatmos13101561&partnerID=40&md5=362f1180c8197db1952981133596589d},

doi = {10.3390/atmos13101561},

issn = {20734433},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Atmosphere},

volume = {13},

number = {10},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The temporal variability and abrupt change analysis of temperature and precipitation in Turpan was investigated and examined based on a monthly data set of temperature, precipitation and drought indices (1960–2019) from three meteorological stations over the study area. The Yamamoto method, Mann–Kendall test, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI), and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) were applied to reveal temperature, precipitation and drought indices trends in their annual volumes. The conclusions were as follows: (1) in the past 60 years, the annual average temperature in the Turpan region has increased at a rate of 0.33 °C·(10a)−1. Whereas the temperature has accelerated since the 1980s, the annual average minimum temperature has increased more than the annual average maximum temperature, and the temperature difference between winter and summer has increased since the 1990s. (2) The inter-annual, inter-decadal and normal value changes in precipitation in the Turpan region and its three meteorological stations indicated a decreasing trend during 1960–2019. Though the normal value of summer and autumn precipitation decreased and increased as a whole, the normal values of spring, summer, winter and annual precipitation in the Turpan region displayed downward trends. (3) Abrupt changes in temperature were observed in the mid-1990s, and abrupt changes in precipitation were not obvious. (4) The SPI and RDI responded quickly to precipitation and temperature, and the overall characteristics of dry and wet trend changes were consistent. When the SPEI considered the combined effect of temperature and precipitation, the SPI and SPEI are better correlated, and the SPI and RDI are better correlated than the SPEI and RDI. On the whole, the occurrence of drought has obvious regional and seasonal characteristics. These conclusions not only provide scientific data for sustainable development in Turpan but also offer scientific information to further understand the trends and periodicity of climate change and drought conditions in hyper-arid regions around the world. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85131055591,

title = {Spatiotemporal change in the land use and ecosystem service value in the Aral Sea basin (1993–2018)},

author = { J. He and Ya. Yu and L. Sun and H. Zhang and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131055591&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-022-21094-0&partnerID=40&md5=78d4f91ff181bd6dbd0fbb052ffce4b7},

doi = {10.1007/s11356-022-21094-0},

issn = {09441344},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},

volume = {29},

number = {49},

pages = {74416-74427},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {The Aral Sea started shrinking since the 1960s due to natural factors and human activities; however, the relationship between land cover change and ecosystem services (ES) in the Aral Sea basin has not been fully studied. To analyze and explore the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service values (ESVs) in this region, we used the European Space Agency CCI Global Land Cover product with a spatiotemporal resolution of 300 × 300 m and the annual scale. The land use data of 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 in the study area were extracted; the study area’s ESV in the corresponding years was calculated; and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, the change rate and sensitivity were analyzed. The results revealed that the area of urban land, bare land, grassland, wetland, and cropland in the Aral Sea basin increased from 1993 to 2018; water body and forestland decreased. The integrated value of water bodies, cropland, and grassland ES accounted for more than 93.43% of the total ESV; the change rate of land use types differed. Urban land and water changed the fastest; cultivated land, woodland, grassland, and wetland changed the slowest. From 1993 to 2018, the total ESV of the Aral Sea basin decreased from 476.44 to 437.09 billion (overall decrease = −8.26%). The ESV study shows that the water area decreased sharply from 1993 to 2018, resulting in a loss of USD 46.84 billion. Biodiversity, food production, and water regulation were the main ES, accounting for 74.59% of the total ESV. The ESV of the Aral Sea basin declined from 1993 to 2018, and significant differences were observed among its regions. The sensitivity indexes of each period are far less than 1, indicating that the total estimated ecosystem values are inelastic with respect to the ecosystem value coefficients. Some regions should thus focus on this aspect. A close correlation was observed between the ESV and land use. Hence, effective land use policies can control the expansion of cropland; protect water bodies, ecological environments, grassland, and forestland; and promote a more sustainable ecosystem. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85132418560,

title = {Do small landforms have large effects? A review on the legacies of pre-industrial charcoal burning},

author = { T. Raab and A. Raab and A. Bonhage and A. Schneider and F. Hirsch and K. Birkhofer and P.J. Drohan and M. Wilmking and J. Kreyling and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and E. van der Maaten and M. van der Maaten-Theunissen and T. Urich},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85132418560&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2022.108332&partnerID=40&md5=63b90e44c117611f5ae5513b51bb9439},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108332},

issn = {0169555X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {413},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are small, anthropogenic landforms resulting from past charcoal burning and reaching significant land coverage in pre-industrial mining areas. We review three coupled legacies linked by RCH development: (i) a landscape-scale geomorphic effect, (ii) a unique soil fingerprint, and (iii) an evolving novel ecosystem. The history and technique of charcoal production are described to clarify legacy effects. Applying a recently presented morpho-genetic catalogue is useful for classified mapping of RCH findings. The RCH numbers and calculated RCH densities per study region vary greatly and impose uncertainties due to insufficient methods causing over- or underestimations. Areas with high RCH densities between 50 and 500 RCH/km2 seem reasonable. Machine learning-based remote sensing techniques are promising approaches with which to better assess the full scale of charcoal burning legacies. RCH soil properties feature dark charcoal-rich technogenic substrate layers classified as Auh horizons according to the World Reference Base with significantly increased C contents. These Auh horizons can also exhibit specific physical and chemical properties, such as relatively low bulk density, high porosity, high plant available water content, low thermal conductivity and differences in cation exchange capacity or nutrient status. However, relevant studies are rare, and thus, the effects may differ by study region. Regarding vegetation, there seem to be four main effects: changes in forest structure, species composition, recruitment pattern and productivity. The number of studies on this issue is, however, also very limited. Even fewer studies have examined the soil fauna in RCHs; thus, the reported effects cannot be used to draw general conclusions. Notably, RCH research has made considerable progress in the last five years, especially in the Light Detection and Ranging-based mapping of these small landforms and identification of RCH-specific soil properties, but ecological legacies are not well understood; thus, more interdisciplinary and integrative studies are needed. © 2022 The Authors},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85116086070,

title = {Inferring precipitation thresholds of landslide activity from long-term dendrochronological and precipitation data: Case study on the unstable slope at Karpenciny, Poland},

author = { M. Wistuba and E. Gorczyca and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116086070&doi=10.1016%2fj.enggeo.2021.106398&partnerID=40&md5=398edd53833b6da4a28138d548eca9fc},

doi = {10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106398},

issn = {00137952},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Engineering Geology},

volume = {294},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {An extended statistical comparison of numerous precipitation parameters (absolute; minimum; and maximum totals; number of days with precipitation; and duration of precipitation in particular months; seasons; and longer periods) and the 48-y long dendrochronological reconstruction of landslide activity was conducted for a generally unmonitored landslide slope at Karpenciny, Western Carpathians, Poland. The Karpenciny landslide is a deep (approximately 40 m) translational landslide consisting of large, poorly fragmented, and almost intact landslide blocks. It is located only 2.4 km from the meteorological gauging station. We aimed to explore the long-term dependence of this landslide on precipitation conditions and reveal the precipitation parameters crucial for its activity, that is, direct triggers and preparatory antecedent precipitation. Therefore, dendrochronological records of tree-ring eccentricity and compression wood in 35 Norway spruce trees were correlated with 520 precipitation parameters (including seasonality; duration; and total), which might influence the activity of the studied landslide. Ten best-correlated precipitation parameters and seasonal sums of summer half-years and preceding winter half-years (separately and in total; i.e. as 12-month sums), were then tested for their potential in establishing precipitation thresholds for landslide activity. The analysis of multiple precipitation parameters enabled us to develop precipitation thresholds based on both direct causes and long-term preparatory precipitation necessary to accelerate the studied landslide. From the tree-ring data, we established landslide-safe conditions and 0.5-probability thresholds for a particular landslide slope. This study also generated comprehensive data on the seasonality of antecedent and triggering precipitation, long-term periods of antecedent precipitation, critical minimum levels of precipitation that sustain slope imbalance, and the importance of generally wet conditions (demonstrated as a high total number of days with precipitation regardless of its totals) as a factor in landslide activity. These patterns of landslide-precipitation dependence would not have been revealed with standard methods and standard precipitation parameters applied in threshold analyses. Thus, long-term reconstructions can be a valuable source of data for precipitation thresholds of landslide activity. © 2021 The Authors},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85120036696,

title = {Temporal and spatial variations of net primary productivity and its response to groundwater of a typical oasis in the Tarim Basin, China},

author = { L. Sun and Y. Yu and Y. Gao and H. Zhang and X. Yu and J. He and D. Wang and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120036696&doi=10.1007%2fs40333-021-0088-z&partnerID=40&md5=6fcd7afec8294a33007a33154096f106},

doi = {10.1007/s40333-021-0088-z},

issn = {16746767},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Arid Land},

volume = {13},

number = {11},

pages = {1142-1154},

publisher = {Science Press},

abstract = {Net primary productivity (NPP) of the vegetation in an oasis can reflect the productivity capacity of a plant community under natural environmental conditions. Owing to the extreme arid climate conditions and scarce precipitation in the arid oasis regions, groundwater plays a key role in restricting the development of the vegetation. The Qira Oasis is located on the southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert (Tarim Basin; China) that is one of the most vulnerable regions regarding vegetation growth and water scarcity in the world. Based on remote sensing images of the Qira Oasis and daily meteorological data measured by the ground stations during the period 2006–2019, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial patterns of NPP in the oasis as well as its relation with the variation of groundwater depth using a modified Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model. At the spatial scale, NPP of the vegetation decreased from the interior of the Qira Oasis to the margin; at the temporal scale, NPP of the vegetation in the oasis fluctuated significantly (ranging from 29.80 to 50.07 g C/(m2·month)) but generally showed an increasing trend, with the average increase rate of 0.07 g C/(m2·month). The regions with decreasing NPP occupied 64% of the total area of the oasis. During the study period, NPP of both farmland and grassland showed an increasing trend, while that of forest showed a decreasing trend. The depth of groundwater was deep in the south of the oasis and shallow in the north, showing a gradual increasing trend from south to north. Groundwater, as one of the key factors in the surface change and evolution of the arid oasis, determines the succession direction of the vegetation in the Qira Oasis. With the increase of groundwater depth, grassland coverage and vegetation NPP decreased. During the period 2008–2015, with the recovery of groundwater level, NPP values of all types of vegetation with different coverages increased. This study will provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization and sustainable management of groundwater resources in the oasis. © 2021, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85111257029,

title = {Hydrodynamic parameters of floods and related bank erosion events indicated from tree rings and 2D hydrodynamic model for a small ungauged catchment (Sudeten Mts., Poland)},

author = { I. Malik and M. Wistuba and D. Absalon and M. Habel and S. Chalov and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111257029&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecolind.2021.108021&partnerID=40&md5=34e770ca26a7e993b091769257016eb9},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108021},

issn = {1470160X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Indicators},

volume = {129},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Small mountain catchments usually lack hydrological monitoring and gauges. Therefore, in such areas, data on past flood and bank erosion are often missing, which makes assessing flood and erosion hazards very limited. We attempt to fill in this gap by dating individual flood and erosion events from growth disturbances produced by trees after their stems are tilted, and their roots are exposed and wounded by transported material. We aimed to develop a conceptual approach to integrate dendrochronology and 2D modelling for indicating and assessing past events of floods and bank erosion on a small mountain river Łomniczka, Sudeten mountains, Poland. We dated growth disturbances resulting from tilting of stems of spruce trees which grow on eroded riverbanks, i.e. tree-ring eccentricity and compression wood. We also dated disturbances resulting from the exposure of roots from under the soil cover, i.e. sudden decreases of cell lumen, and root injuries by debris transported by floods, i.e. scars and traumatic resin ducts. Dendrochronology allow to indicate the occurrence of 28 floods since the 1930s, including 11 floods when bank erosion was also recorded at study sites. The approach enables to identify rates of bank erosion during specific floods which ranged at study sites from 20 to 120 cm. The largest discharge was determined for the 1997 flood (106;7 m3 s−1), and the highest flow velocities were obtained for the 1930 floods (4.59 m/s). Results show that the highest shear stress occurred during the floods in 1943 and 1977 (510;3N/m2) and in 1997 flood (469.1 N/m2). We conclude that dendrochronology combined with 2D modelling allowed us to indicate past floods and bank erosion, and to prepare reliable inventories for analyses of flood and erosion hazard. The approach proposed in this paper can also be used as a tool for flood management, spatial management and planning. © 2021},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85108726008,

title = {Simultaneous growth releases and reductions among Populus alba as an indicator for floods in dry mountains (Morocco)},

author = { I. Malik and M. Dłużewski and J. Rotnicka and M. Wistuba and K. Krzemień and A. Muszyński and E. Rojan and A. Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85108726008&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecolind.2021.107874&partnerID=40&md5=fddbeea5127a78a7699ba5363d0b5cb0},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107874},

issn = {1470160X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Indicators},

volume = {129},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {We studied the growth reaction of silver poplar trees (Populus alba) to a large flood in November 2014 in the semi-arid High Atlas Mountains, Morocco. The flood resulted in half of the studied trees developing wider tree rings in 2015 and the other half developing narrower rings in 2015, next year after the flood. For 57.1% of trees which released growth in 2015, this was the most significant increase of ring width during their whole lives (in whole tree-ring chronologies), and for 23.8% of trees which reduced growth in 2015, this was the most significant decrease of ring width. Tree-ring reductions in next year after the 2014 flood resulted from environmental stress related to burying stems with alluvia deposited during the flood. Fresh sediments cut off air access from the root system, and for some of the sampled trees, this stress was strong enough to control their radial growth. Growth releases that follow the 2014 flood are a record of trees benefitting from a sudden supply of water, a rare opportunity in dry study area, where water is usually scarce. The study demonstrates that floods in high mountains of arid zone can cause dual, opposite growth reaction of affected trees. Such dual record is characteristic for environmental impulses, which exert stress on trees, but, at the same time, improve other conditions of tree growth. Environmental events that cause simultaneous positive and negative reactions among a population of trees, like studied flood, can easily be overlooked in chronologies based on average widths of tree rings each year. For trees affected during studied flood arithmetical mean of ring widths in 2015 is average and does not stand out from arithmetical means for other years. However, when analysed in detail, the year 2015 is significantly different from other years, as is demonstrated by high values of dispersion indicators (standard deviation and coefficient of variation) calculated for all sampled trees. This study demonstrates that following the standard procedure (developing tree-ring chronology from average ring widths) is not a reliable solution for reconstructions of environmental impulses which cause dual, opposite reaction among sampled trees. Even strong events of this type will not be emphasised in standard chronologies, which can lead to underestimating frequency and magnitude of processes and, in the case of floods, to underestimating hazard and risk. © 2021 The Author(s)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85115199007,

title = {Spatiotemporal changes in water, land use, and ecosystem services in Central Asia considering climate changes and human activities},

author = { Y. Yu and Xi. Chen and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and Y. Cao and D. Hou and Z. Ta and J. He and Li. Zhang and R. Yu and H. Zhang and L. Sun},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85115199007&doi=10.1007%2fs40333-021-0084-3&partnerID=40&md5=9c46277e058bfbf00005833954006440},

doi = {10.1007/s40333-021-0084-3},

issn = {16746767},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Arid Land},

volume = {13},

number = {9},

pages = {881-890},

publisher = {Science Press},

abstract = {Central Asia is located in the hinterland of Eurasia, comprising Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan; over 93.00% of the total area is dryland. Temperature rise and human activities have severe impacts on the fragile ecosystems. Since the 1970s, nearly half the great lakes in Central Asia have shrunk and rivers are drying rapidly owing to climate changes and human activities. Water shortage and ecological crisis have attracted extensive international attention. In general, ecosystem services in Central Asia are declining, particularly with respect to biodiversity, water, and soil conservation. Furthermore, the annual average temperature and annual precipitation in Central Asia increased by 0.30°C/decade and 6.9 mm/decade in recent decades, respectively. Temperature rise significantly affected glacier retreat in the Tianshan Mountains and Pamir Mountains, which may intensify water shortage in the 21st century. The increase in precipitation cannot counterbalance the aggravation of water shortage caused by the temperature rise and human activities in Central Asia. The population of Central Asia is growing gradually, and its economy is increasing steadily. Moreover, the agricultural land has not been expended in the last two decades. Thus, water and ecological crises, such as the Aral Sea shrinkage in the 21st century, cannot be attributed to agriculture extension any longer. Unbalanced regional development and water interception/transfer have led to the irrational exploitation of water resources in some watersheds, inducing downstream water shortage and ecological degradation. In addition, accelerated industrialization and urbanization have intensified this process. Therefore, all Central Asian countries must urgently reach a consensus and adopt common measures for water and ecological protection. © 2021, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85113477165,

title = {Remote sensing monitoring and evaluation of the temporal and spatial changes in the eco-environment of a typical arid land of the tarim basin in western china},

author = { L. Sun and Y. Yu and Y. Gao and J. He and X. Yu and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and R. Yu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113477165&doi=10.3390%2fland10080868&partnerID=40&md5=25adfb78112647043b7c0c5c58260a7b},

doi = {10.3390/land10080868},

issn = {2073445X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Land},

volume = {10},

number = {8},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {The eco-environment provides various spaces, conditions, and resources for human de-velopment, and their quality is a significant factor affecting sustainable development in a region. Most drylands face environmental fragility due to problems such as infertile land, scarce suitable living space, and a lack of resources. Therefore, investigating the temporal and spatial changes in the eco-environment of drylands is vital to developing them sustainably. This paper takes Hetian, which is located in the Tarim Basin of Western China and has typical features of an arid (or a hyper-arid) region, as the research area. The ecological index (EI) was used to construct a comprehensive ecological evaluation system, and five sub-indices (the biological richness index; vegetation coverage index; water network denseness index; land stress index; and pollution load index) were calculated to identify the quality and changes in the eco-environment of Hetian in 1995, 2009, and 2018. The results show that, from 1995 to 2018, the EI in Hetian showed a continuous downward trend (from 24.76 to 16.32), representing a change (∆EI) of −8.44; this indicates significant deterioration in the quality of the local eco-environment. Large fluctuations in the EI also suggests that the environment in Hetian is very sensitive. In addition, the results revealed a degradation of Hetian, which includes a hyper-arid region. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85101551129,

title = {Combining 137Cs, 210Pb and dendrochronology for improved reconstruction of erosion–sedimentation events in a loess gully system (southern Poland)},

author = { I. Malik and G. Poręba and M. Wistuba and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101551129&doi=10.1002%2fldr.3903&partnerID=40&md5=a0d677147bb56c55a36dd6cf6616c00f},

doi = {10.1002/ldr.3903},

issn = {10853278},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Land Degradation and Development},

volume = {32},

number = {7},

pages = {2336-2350},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Detailed knowledge on the past events of erosion and redeposition is necessary to assess the frequency and magnitude of soil degradation and to provide more complete data, among all, to calculate rainfall thresholds and to develop strategies for controlling erosion. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate reconstruction of erosion–sedimentation events in a gully system by combining analyses of 137Cs and 210Pb with dendrochronological dating in the same sediment profiles. We aimed to precisely determine the number and the age of erosion–sedimentation events, which led to the development of study deposits and to determine the type of erosion providing material for deposition in particular events. To this purpose, 136 soil samples and 62 roots and tree stems samples were collected in eight research profiles at the gully bottom. We compared the results obtained with the two methods. Isotope analysis allowed us to estimate more general age of sediments and the type of erosion that provided material for individual layers. Dendrochronology provided a more precise reconstruction of the age of soil degradation events. By combining both techniques, we determined rainfall events responsible for erosion and sedimentation in the studied gully since 1980s and a rainfall threshold of 60 mm day−1 for soil erosion and redeposition in the study area. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85090425537,

title = {Establishing regimes of landslide activity – Analysis of landslide triggers over the previous seven decades (Western Carpathians, Poland)},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik and E. Gorczyca and A. Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090425537&doi=10.1016%2fj.catena.2020.104888&partnerID=40&md5=37a35471bd84d96e2ed00ad49dd85b4f},

doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2020.104888},

issn = {03418162},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Catena},

volume = {196},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Long-term analyses of landslide patterns and triggering factors, covering several decades of continuous data, including periods of both acceleration and stability, are a key to understanding landslide activity, background, and variability. In this study, we analyse the long-term relationships between landslide activity and the triggering factors, precipitation, and low-magnitude earthquakes for three landslides in the Western Carpathians, Poland. Based on dendrochronological reconstruction covering 68 years (1951–2018), including tree-ring eccentricity and compression wood dating for 107 Norway spruce trees, we determined that there are significant differences in the activity and triggers of the studied slopes. We were able to explain the origin of the differences through the individual features of landslide topography and structure, such as the depth of the shear zones, disintegration of landslide blocks resulting in a plastic, flow-like movement of the material, and location of the landslide blocks in relation to high groundwater levels in the valley floors. Finally, we determined the optimal sequences of triggers leading to heavy landsliding for each slope, therefore establishing the regimes of their activity. We argue that the long-term regularities in landslide response to triggers can be generalised into regimes, as is commonly done with river discharge, groundwater levels, and their hydro-meteorological background. We propose establishing “regimes of landslide activity” that are based on decades of observations and reconstructions. Our study demonstrates that such a long-term approach can be an efficient tool for describing and explaining the variability of landslide activity and hazards over space and time. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85064264371,

title = {High concentration of charcoal hearth remains as legacy of historical ferrous metallurgy in southern Poland},

author = { P. Rutkiewicz and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and A. Osika},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064264371&doi=10.1016%2fj.quaint.2019.04.015&partnerID=40&md5=419661a9b2334d85965227593da16a08},

doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2019.04.015},

issn = {10406182},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Quaternary International},

volume = {512},

pages = {133-143},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {In the preliminary research by using DTMs from airborne LIDAR data we found an unexpectedly high concentration of charcoal hearth remains which can potentially provide new data on historical ferrous metallurgy. Our study (based on LIDAR data)was designed to determine the number and distribution of charcoal hearth remains along three water courses used for powering iron smelters in the past: the Kłodnica River, Czarna River and Mała Panew River (southern Poland). The second aim was to characterise the relief and internal structure of selected charcoal hearth remains, to perform radiocarbon dating of selected charcoal hearth remains located near historic ferrous metallurgy centres and to compare dating results with historical data. We also checked what tree species were used for charcoal production. In the three areas under study a total of 208,085 charcoal hearth remains have been identified. The majority of charcoal hearth remains have been found along the Mała Panew River (74.9%; 184 charcoal hearth remains per 1 km2 on average). A typical charcoal hearth in the areas under study was 14 m in diameter, c 2 m high with a volume of c 205 m3. Around the central mound of each charcoal hearth remains, 4 to 9 depressions are present (each 2–3 m in diameter and around 0.5 m deep). Most of the radiocarbon dates obtained for the charcoal hearth remains analysed correspond well with historical data on the development of the nearest individual smelting centres. However, in some cases radiocarbon dates from charcoal hearth remains can serve as indications that the smelting plants may have been established earlier than historical sources suggest or that charcoal was used for another kind of activity. All charcoal samples taken in the areas under study originated from wood of coniferous species, mainly from Scots pine. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA},

note = {31},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85058697302,

title = {Tree rings as an early warning against catastrophic landslides: Assessing the potential of dendrochronology for determining slope stability},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik and J. Badura},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058697302&doi=10.1016%2fj.dendro.2018.12.002&partnerID=40&md5=809b432e51ddc2083ed5155f1acdd50c},

doi = {10.1016/j.dendro.2018.12.002},

issn = {11257865},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Dendrochronologia},

volume = {53},

pages = {82-94},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {We investigated three slopes (in southern Poland; the Carpathian Mts; and the Sudeten Mts) subject to catastrophic, sudden landslides. To reconstruct past landslide activity, we analysed the eccentricity of tree rings in the stems of Norway spruce (Picea abies) using a per cent eccentricity index method. We obtained data on year-by-year changes in eccentricity patterns of single specimens, as well as data on landslide events dated from the whole population of trees sampled on each slope (13–30 spruce trees). These data supplied indirect information on the temporal variability of landslide activity on the three slopes revealing that all three slopes were subject to frequent landslide activity (recurrence intervals 2.0–2.7 years) well before catastrophic events that occurred in 1997 and 2010. The study also showed that 3–5 years before a catastrophic event the sample trees started to record increasing ground instability demonstrated as an uninterrupted, sudden increase in the eccentricity of single trees. Our results suggest that the application of dendrochronological methods can reveal slopes at an increased risk of catastrophic landsliding well in advance. The methods we applied show great promise for forecasting catastrophic landslides and assessing landslide hazard, slope stability and the effectiveness of engineering works undertaken to stabilise landslides. © 2018},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85055269062,

title = {A study of the wood anatomy of Picea abies roots and their role in biomechanical weathering of rock cracks},

author = { I. Malik and Ł. Pawlik and A. Ślęzak and M. Wistuba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055269062&doi=10.1016%2fj.catena.2018.10.018&partnerID=40&md5=bdb01373475d2a81619f8c32d47c8d15},

doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2018.10.018},

issn = {03418162},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Catena},

volume = {173},

pages = {264-275},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Our study of the wood anatomy of roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) growing in fractured bedrock reveals widening of bedrock cracks. Analysis, under a transmitted-light microscope of 30 micro-sections of three roots from two trees, shows that the most common anatomical features of roots growing in fractured bedrock are the blocking of radial growth, multi-directional uneven radial growth and fan-shaped deformation of cell rows. Crack widening is indicated by a sequence of features: normal growth followed by blocking of radial growth, then reappearance of radial growth. Changes in crack shape are shown by formation of traumatic resin ducts followed by radial growth eccentricity or multidirectional uneven growth. Eccentricity and radial growth release and an abrupt decrease in cell size imply increasing space for root growth and root exposure. We found inconclusive evidence of crack widening due to pressure from increasing root size (biomechanical weathering). Nevertheless, root anatomy indicates sudden crack widening, with other possible causes including tree-trunk flexing of roots by strong winds, mass-movement or freeze-thaw processes. © 2018},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85071340328,

title = {Assessment of landslide hazard from tree-ring eccentricity and from compression wood - A comparison},

author = { K. Łuszczyńska and I. Malik and M. Wistuba and M. Krąpiec},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071340328&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1472&partnerID=40&md5=ab432606780dda2257892f12d06d7564},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1472},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {63},

number = {2},

pages = {296-301},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {We have compared maps of landslide activity and hazard, developed with the use of two different dendrochronological indicators: tree-ring eccentricity and reaction (compression) wood. The maps were prepared based on 125 Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) trees growing at 44 sampling points, distributed over an area of 3.75 km2. In general, the two maps show similar patterns of landslide activity. However, tree-ring eccentricity yielded a greater number of dated events (246) compared to compression wood (129). Besides the differences in the absolute values of dating results, the general landslide activity and hazard zonation based on both disturbances are similar. Both growth disturbances develop as a result of stem tilting. Eccentricity develops after slight tilting, while compression wood is developed when tilting is more significant. Because of the differences in the strength of disturbing factors, which cause the development of compression wood and growth eccentricity, the best approach would be to combine the results of dating obtained from the two methods. The dendrochronological analysis of tree growth disturbances (eccentric growth and compression wood) is a promising approach for determining landslide hazards in forested mountain areas and can be applied in spatial management. © 2019, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85050545150,

title = {Can low-magnitude earthquakes act as a triggering factor for landslide activity? Examples from the Western Carpathian Mts, Poland},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik and K. Krzemień and E. Gorczyca and M. Sobucki and D. Wrońska-Wałach and D. Gawior},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050545150&doi=10.1016%2fj.catena.2018.07.028&partnerID=40&md5=eb28432cb2b700888ebb3d3ac7275af3},

doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.028},

issn = {03418162},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Catena},

volume = {171},

pages = {359-375},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {There are numerous examples of the impact of strong earthquakes on landslide activity. There is however very little information about the ability of low-magnitude earthquakes (M < 5.0) to affect the stability of pre-existing landslide slopes. Two landslides were studied (Hołowiec and Kamień Western Carpathians; Poland). These are located 20–30 km from seismoactive zones where earthquakes of M ≤ 4.4 occur. We have used tree rings to date past landslide movements possibly caused by earthquakes. We have dated events of tree tilting by landslide activity, after which the trees developed eccentric rings and reaction wood, in a sample of 40 Norway spruces (Hołowiec) and 51 European silver firs (Kamień). The results of dendrochronological dating were compared with the occurrence of earthquakes in the study area (magnitudes; epicentral distance; etc.). We have also analysed precipitation data to help to disentangle the impact of rainfall and earthquakes as triggering factors. We were able to distinguish: earthquake-triggered landsliding with no impact of precipitation, precipitation-triggered landsliding with no seismic impact and landsliding triggered by the overlapping impact of precipitation and earthquakes. The results show that the combination of both triggering factors has the strongest influence on the stability of landslides under study. The study demonstrates the ability of low-magnitude (M < 5.0) earthquakes to trigger landslide activity, even at distances larger than appears from limiting curves published for co-seismic landslides. The results also suggest that the activity of the Kamień landslide can possibly be influenced by the long-distance (over 500 km) influence of strong earthquakes (M 6.8–7.4) from outside of the study area. The study demonstrates that the seismic factor, both local, low-magnitude earthquakes and distant, strong earthquakes, can be an important trigger of landslide activity. Their role may be underestimated in the study area and other areas considered as seismically non-active or of low seismic activity. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85053262983,

title = {Reductions in tree-ring widths of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) as an indicator of air pollution in southern Poland},

author = { K. Łuszczyńska and M. Wistuba and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053262983&doi=10.2478%2fenviron-2018-0022&partnerID=40&md5=84207269fe0073532c0ac9243746a6cc},

doi = {10.2478/environ-2018-0022},

issn = {23540079},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Environmental and Socio-Economic Studies},

volume = {6},

number = {3},

pages = {44-51},

publisher = {De Gruyter Open Ltd},

abstract = {The aim of the study was to investigate how the emission of pollutants to the atmosphere from the late 19th century until modern times has been recorded in rings of silver fir trees growing in southern Poland. Samples were collected from 24 firs growing in the Beskid Niski Mountains (Western Carpathians). Using a Pressler borer, a single core was collected from each tree. Within the samples, tree-ring widths were measured. On this basis, reductions of tree-ring widths were calculated and subsequently divided into three classes according to their severity. Study results indicate that growth reductions at the site studied were influenced by the pollution emitted from the now-defunct Central Industrial Region, which developed most rapidly from 1920 to 1940, and began to decline after World War II. These emissions were probably responsible for reductions in the trees sampled in the years 1928-1947. On the other hand, reductions of tree-ring widths dating from 1951 to 1989 were caused by the post-war development of heavy industry throughout Poland, and in particular in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region, which developed at its most rapid rate from 1960 to 1990. The results obtained demonstrate that reductions of tree-ring widths in the silver firs studied are related to industrial air pollution in the 20th century. As industrial production declined and environmentally friendly technologies were introduced in the early 1990s, air pollution levels decreased and an increase in tree-ring widths followed in the silver firs studied. Further reductions of tree-ring widths have been observed in recent years (since 2009), which may be caused by air pollution due to low-stack emissions from domestic boilers. The analysis conducted demonstrates that a reduction in tree-ring widths in silver fir is a sensitive bioindicator of air pollution. © 2018 Copyright by University of Silesia in Katowice.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85057731168,

title = {Can we distinguish between tree-ring eccentricity developed as a result of landsliding and prevailing winds? Consequences for dendrochronological dating},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik and M. Krąpiec},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057731168&doi=10.1515%2fgeochr-2015-0098&partnerID=40&md5=37d50975be313ef9767920ef0efdb148},

doi = {10.1515/geochr-2015-0098},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {45},

number = {1},

pages = {223-234},

publisher = {Sciendo},

abstract = {The aim of our study was to compare patterns of tree-ring eccentricity developed in Nor-way spruce trees as a result of landsliding with the one caused by the prevailing wind (in 2 study sites), and with the normal growth of trees (in 2 reference sites). We sampled 20 trees per study site and 10 per reference site. Two cores were taken from each tree (120 cores in total) from the upslope and downslope, windward and leeward sides of stems. Ring widths measured on opposite sides of stems were compared using the method of percent eccentricity index. Graphs of the index obtained for individual trees were analysed. Statistical indicators were calculated for a percent eccentricity in-dex. Disturbance events were dated and the response index was calculated. The results show that the patterns of eccentricity developed as a result of the prevailing winds and due to landsliding differ from one another and from the reference sites. The results suggest that the impact of the prevailing wind on tree growth is more severe than the impact of landsliding. The difference may result from the slow-moving character of the landslide under study. The results, however, indicate that wind impact should be taken into account in dendrogeomorphic research and that the impact of mass movements should be considered in dendroecological studies on wind. © 2018 M. Wistuba et al.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85057717504,

title = {Dendrochronological dating as the basis for developing a landslide hazard map - An example from the Western Carpathians, Poland},

author = { K. Łuszczyńska and M. Wistuba and I. Malik and M. Krąpiec and B. Szypuła},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057717504&doi=10.1515%2fgeochr-2015-0093&partnerID=40&md5=b3abcc20cde6fd153fffe99e02958623},

doi = {10.1515/geochr-2015-0093},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {45},

number = {1},

pages = {173-184},

publisher = {Sciendo},

abstract = {Most landslide hazard maps are developed on the basis of an area's susceptibility to a land-slide occurrence, but dendrochronological techniques allows one to develop maps based on past land-slide activity. The aim of the study was to use dendrochronological techniques to develop a landslide hazard map for a large area, covering 3.75 km2. We collected cores from 131 trees growing on 46 sampling sites, measured tree-ring width, and dated growth eccentricity events (which occur when tree rings of different widths are formed on opposite sides of a trunk), recording the landslide events which had occurred over the previous several dozen years. Then, the number of landslide events per decade was calculated at every sampling site. We interpolated the values obtained, added layers with houses and roads, and developed a landslide hazard map. The map highlights areas which are poten-tially safe for existing buildings, roads and future development. The main advantage of a landslide hazard map developed on the basis of dendrochronological data is the possibility of acquiring long se-ries of data on landslide activity over large areas at a relatively low cost. The main disadvantage is that the results obtained relate to the measurement of anatomical changes and the macroscopic charac-teristics of the ring structure occurring in the wood of tilted trees, and these factors merely provide in-direct information about the time of the landslide event occurrence. © 2018 K. Luszczynska et al.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85028713067,

title = {The impact of Wallachian settlement on relief and alluvia composition in small valleys of the Carpathian Mts. (Czech Republic)},

author = { M. Wistuba and A. Sady and G. Poręba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028713067&doi=10.1016%2fj.catena.2017.08.017&partnerID=40&md5=37d15ab1ab5465a9eaed5d94a3dff41d},

doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2017.08.017},

issn = {03418162},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Catena},

volume = {160},

pages = {10-23},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The impact of the Wallachian settlement on small mountain catchments has been studied at the example of Škorňanský and Hartisov Streams (Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts; Western Outer Carpathians). Between the 16th and the 19th centuries the Wallachian people introduced pastoral management originating from the woodless Balkans to the forested mid-altitude mountain area under study. This area was subjected to rapid settlement, intense grazing in forests and slash-and-burn deforestation. To assess the geomorphic effects of Wallachian activity in the catchments studied, grain size, structure, organic matter content, and the plant macrofossil composition of the alluvia forming terrace levels in the mouths of the Škorňanský and Hartisov Streams were analysed. Radiocarbon dating, 137Cs and 210Pb analyses and dendrochronological dating were also applied to determine the age of the alluvia studied. The results were compared with land-use and land-cover changes recorded on archival maps and pictures, and with population changes in the study area. It was found that the two successive trends of catchment settlement and later depopulation have led to the development of inset terraces on the outlet fans of the Škorňanský and Hartisov Streams. In the study catchments both settlement/deforestation and depopulation/land abandonment occurred very rapidly which also caused abrupt geomorphic changes. Before human disturbance, fluvial erosion and the redeposition of older Pleistocene deposits predominated. As a result coarse, gravel alluvia were deposited within stream channels. The stage of massive overbank accumulation of fine-grained alluvia was a reflection of intensified delivery of slope material into valley floors from catchments deforested by the Wallachians. The later stage of vertical incision of channels resulted from the decrease of sediment supply from hillslopes to river channels during catchment depopulation and afforestation. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85026834741,

title = {Mass movements of differing magnitude and frequency in a developing high-mountain area of the Moxi basin, Hengduan Mts, China – A hazard assessment},

author = { I. Malik and M. Wistuba and Y. Tie and P. Owczarek and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak and K. Łuszczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85026834741&doi=10.1016%2fj.apgeog.2017.08.003&partnerID=40&md5=71b50d23e556c2991a600755a198cf95},

doi = {10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.08.003},

issn = {01436228},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Applied Geography},

volume = {87},

pages = {54-65},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Assessment and management of mass-movement hazard in developing mountain areas is a significant human problem. It can only be resolved through identifying the background behind the processes, including their magnitude and frequency. However, catchment monitoring is rare and historical records are often fragmentary or absent. In such cases dendrochronology can be one of the most precise methods for dating past mass-movement events. Our study is intended to provide a tree-ring based discussion of hazards caused by mass movements in a developing high-mountain area. The goal is to estimate the frequencies and magnitudes of mass movements of differing origin and scale: large and smaller debris flows, and rockfalls, typically endangering the population of the Moxi basin. On the terraces and slopes of the Xiaohezi gully the ages of 30 spruce trees were determined indicating the date of the last large debris flow moulding terrace levels. On the Daozhao debris cone we determined the dates of the events of smaller debris flows wounding the stems of 43 alder trees. On the Nimatuo Study Site the dates of rockfalls injuring the stems of a sample of 15 alder trees were determined. The results allowed the recurrence intervals of the mass movements observed in each study site to be calculated. During the last 55 years large debris flows originating in the vast, high-elevation and glaciated Xiaohezi catchment occurred every 18 years. During the last 20 years smaller debris flows fed from the mid-sized and medium elevation Daozhao catchment occurred every 7 years. Rockfalls, with a very small and steep source area (Nimatuo Site) occurred every 2.85 years. In general, the level of mass-movement activity in the study area is high. Based on the results from three study sites representing typical mass-movement hazards, the densely inhabited main valley of the Moxi basin is affected by 40 large debris flows, hundreds of smaller debris flows and thousands of single rockfalls per century. The hazard affects as much as 27.07% of developed area of the Moxi basin. However, thanks to sustainable land use, the majority is affected by manageable, high frequency, but middle-to low-magnitude phenomena. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85030717980,

title = {Contemporary adaptation of anthropogenically-transformed river valleys by European beavers Castor fiber (examples from Poland’s Opole Plain and Woźniki-Wieluń Upland) [Współczesne wykorzystanie przez bobra europejskiego Castor fiber antropogenicznie przekształconych dolin rzecznych (przykłady z Równiny Opolskiej i Wyżyny Woźnicko-Wieluńskiej)]},

author = { M. Fajer and I. Malik and J.M. Waga and M. Wistuba and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030717980&doi=10.7163%2fPrzG.2017.3.7&partnerID=40&md5=6d5c5b380cd2008c305f128d2736b003},

doi = {10.7163/PrzG.2017.3.7},

issn = {00332143},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geograficzny},

volume = {89},

number = {3},

pages = {467-489},

publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},

abstract = {Many of Poland’s valleys resemble those of the Mala Panew and Liswarta (and their tributaries) in featuring the remains of old hydrotechnical infrastructure formerly used by gristmills, steel plants and sawmills. As the importance of water as their main source of energy declined, such earlier industrial plants were gradually closed down, with a steady process of deterioration of hydrotechnical infrastructure then set in train. Beavers were reintroduced into the catchments of the Mala Panew and Liswarta in the 1990s, with the rodents immediately commencing with the adaptation of anthropogenically-transformed habitats to better meet their needs. Against this background, research was conducted to determine: • the number of beaver sites in the river valleys in question, and especially the number within or near disused items of hydrotechnical infrastructure, • the ways in which beavers have “managed“ the infrastructural items in question, •the impact beavers’ activities have had on the environment in the valleys studied. The locations and functions of old items of hydrotechnical infrastructure were determined by reference to archival maps. To assess beavers’ activities, 6 sections of watercourse of lengths 0.5-7 km were selected, with locations of beaver dams and ponds, as well as other traces of activity by the animals, documented and described. With a view to findings being summarized, distinctions were drawn between various methods of adaptation of former hydrotechnical objects by beavers , i.e. 1 - dams built in the channels of regulated rivers, 2- dams built in culverts, 3 -former millrace/water channels (used by gristmills or ironworks) occupied and adapted, 4 -banks of retention ponds occupied, 5 -waters in river channels dammed and basins of old ponds flooded, 6 -banks of ponds serving fire-fighting purposes occupied, 7 -former pond dams restored. Beavers can adapt successfully to -and also themselves adapt -anthropogenically-transformed environments in river valleys. In this regard, the rodents were found to be more eager to occupy the tributaries of the Mala Panew and Liswarta than the rivers themselves. The valleys offer suitable conditions for beavers, given channels that are shallow (of 0.3-0.6 m), slightly sloping (2.2-6.7 m/km), with sandy or sandy-sludgy bottoms, as well as access to deciduous trees growing nearby. Along the Mala Panew and Liswarta themselves, beavers make use of side channels and millraces. Most numerous traces of beavers’ activity were to be observed along forested stretches of the Lenca and Olszynka Valleys, which are found to have been transformed by beavers along 28-35% of their lengths. The animals made instinctive use of relic items of hydrotechnical infrastructure, with an interesting case involving the “restoration” by beavers of old embankments of anthropogenic ponds on the Rów Kokocki and the Lenca. Above beaver ponds (on the Rów Kokocki) or between ponds (on the Olszynka and Lenca), reduced channel slope and increased channel sinuosity contribute to the creation of side channels. Along these sections, transport channels made by beavers are vulnerable to avulsion and the emergence of multi-channel sections of watercourses. © 2017, Polska Akademia Nauk. All rights reserved.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84964997870,

title = {Activity of slow-moving landslides recorded in eccentric tree rings of Norway spruce trees (Picea Abies Karst.) - An example from the kamienne MTS. (Sudetes MTS., Central Europe)},

author = { I. Malik and M. Wistuba and P. Migoń and M. Fajer},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964997870&doi=10.1515%2fgeochr-2015-0028&partnerID=40&md5=ecb27a5957bacf1b91b3f3b47af9d24e},

doi = {10.1515/geochr-2015-0028},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {43},

number = {1},

pages = {24-37},

publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},

abstract = {We found ubiquitous evidence of ongoing slope instability by analysing the variability of tree-ring eccentricity index in trees growing on three apparently relict landslide slopes in the Sudetes (Poland; Central Europe). Slow movement of these landslide bodies occurs in the present-day conditions and is recorded almost every year, although with variable intensity. Correlation of dendrochronological record with the rainfall record from a nearby station in Mieroszów for the 1977-2007 period is very poor for two deep-seated rotational slides at Mt Suchawa and Mt Turzyna but considerably better for a shallow flowslide at Mt Garbatka. While this may reflect higher permeability of heavily jointed rocks involved in deep-seated sliding this could be linked with imperfections in the rainfall record. Dendrochronology proved capable of detecting minor displacements within landslides which otherwise show no geomorphic evidence of recent activity. Therefore, claims for the entirely relict nature of the landslides are not substantiated. © 2015 I. Malik et al 2015.},

note = {30},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84924087252,

title = {Coupling between landslides and eroding stream channels reconstructed from spruce tree rings (examples from the Carpathians and Sudetes - Central Europe)},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik and K.J. Wójcicki and P. Michałowicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924087252&doi=10.1002%2fesp.3632&partnerID=40&md5=7d40e55c98efea8dbfbf17da9e48f690},

doi = {10.1002/esp.3632},

issn = {01979337},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},

volume = {40},

number = {3},

pages = {293-312},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {The analysis of the positive feedback between landslides and erosion requires determination of the precise temporal and spatial relations between events of colluvium delivery and fluvial erosion. In our study we use decennial datasets on the occurrence of landsliding and erosion achieved through dendrochronological methods. Four sites covering areas of landslide slopes and adjacent valley floors with stream channels were studied. Landsliding on slopes was dated from the tree-ring eccentricity developed in stems tilted due to bedrock instability. Erosion in channels was dated using the wood anatomy of roots exposed by erosion of the soil cover. Analysis of the temporal relations between dated landsliding, erosion and precipitation record has revealed that two types of repeating sequences can be observed: (1) rainfall→landsliding→erosion; (2) rainfall→erosion→landsliding. These sequences are an indication of the occurrence of slope-channel positive feedback in the sites studied. In the first type, landsliding triggered by rainfall delivers colluvia into the valley floor and causes its narrowing, which in turn causes increased erosion. In the second type erosion triggered by rainfall disturbs the slope equilibrium and causes landsliding. Landsliding and erosion, once triggered by precipitation, can occur alternately in years with average precipitation and reinforce one another. Bidirectional coupling between landsliding and channel erosion was shown notably through the effects of channel shifting and forced sinuosity and by increased erosion of the slopes opposite the active landslides. Observations also suggest that the repetition of sequences described over longer periods of time can lead to a general widening of the valley floor at the expense of slopes and to a gradual change of the valley cross-profile from narrow, V-shaped into a wide flat-bottomed. Thus landsliding-erosion coupling/positive feedback was recognized as an important factor shaping hillslope-valley topography of the mid-mountain areas studied. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

note = {30},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84946919345,

title = {Erratum: Historical Water-Powered Ferrous Metallurgy Reconstructed from Tree-Rings and Lacustrine Deposits (Mała Panew Basin, Southern Poland)},

author = { I. Malik and M. Wistuba and M. Opała-Owczarek and M. Franek and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak and G. Mańczyk and C. Tyrol},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946919345&doi=10.1515%2fgeochr-2015-0014&partnerID=40&md5=dd4b3a40a0d22c13f261e2a45cb28d31},

doi = {10.1515/geochr-2015-0014},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {42},

number = {1},

pages = {158-},

publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84934882194,

title = {Historical water-powered ferrous metallurgy reconstructed from tree-rings and lacustrine deposits (Mała Panew basin, southern Poland)},

author = { I. Malik and M. Wistuba and M. Opała-Owczarek and M. Franek and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak and G. Mańczyk and C. Tyrol},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84934882194&doi=10.1515%2fgeochr-2015-0004&partnerID=40&md5=e612915186288f72e8d32eb4672b37ef},

doi = {10.1515/geochr-2015-0004},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {42},

number = {1},

pages = {79-90},

publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},

abstract = {According to historical sources in the basin of Mała Panew River there were at least 56 water-powered iron smelters from 14th-19th century. Now only two metallurgy plants work in the area. Many of the former smelting settlements ceased to exist. Historical data on the smelting industry in the area are often scarce. The aim of the study was to reconstruct the history of ferrous metallurgy from (1) the remains of wooden historical buildings, (2) remains of charcoal kilns and (3) deposits from former smelter pond. Results show that Regolowiec smelting settlement existed already in the 17th century (at least several decades earlier than historical written sources suggest) and was later re-paired after destruction caused probably by floods. Charcoal used for iron smelting in the ironworks in Brusiek on the Mała Panew River was burnt at the turn of the 18th century. This is in accordance with historical sources indicating particular prosperity of the metallurgy in that period. Upstream of the ironworks in Brusiek in the first half of the 17th century a large pond existed flooding the floor of the Mała Panew valley. Study has shown that the pond was at least 100 years older than historical sources have indicated. © 2015 2015.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84902001318,

title = {Geomorphological, pedological and dendrochronological signatures of a relict landslide terrain, Mt Garbatka (Kamienne Mts), SW Poland},

author = { P. Migoń and A. Kacprzak and I. Malik and M. Kasprzak and P. Owczarek and M. Wistuba and T. Pánek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902001318&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2014.05.005&partnerID=40&md5=6e478ec9b023b1460c257945e00b1b03},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.05.005},

issn = {0169555X},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {219},

pages = {213-231},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {In the Kamienne Mountains the largest concentration of apparently relict landslides in the Sudetes range occurs. On the northern slopes of Mt Garbatka mass movements re-shaped two adjacent slope hollows and a wide depositional area is located down the valley. The main landslide body is nearly 1. km long and 200-300. m wide. Its flattened surface morphology and the occurrence of large dispersed allochtonous boulders in the distal part suggests a flow-like movement, initiated by shallow translational slides in the upper slopes. The thickness of colluvium, determined by an ERT survey, may reach 10. m. Geomorphic signatures of mass movement are subdued, suggesting that considerable time has elapsed since the origin of the landslide and that large-scale mass movements are likely pre-Holocene in age. This is consistent with the results of an extensive soil survey within the landslide body and on the surrounding slopes. Similarity of soil properties and well-developed horizonation of profiles both within the landslide and outside it shows that no major disturbance has taken place during the soil formation period. Dendrogeomorphological research, in turn, yielded evidence of numerous growth disturbances recorded in tree rings of Norway spruce growing on the landslide body. These signals are interpreted that the slope surface is not entirely stable under current environmental conditions. Flow or creep of landslide material is not very likely, given the characteristics of cover materials, and it is hypothesized that dendrochronological signals develop in response to ground deformation through piping and throughflow. Landslide hazard in the valley below Mt Garbatka appears low at present but to claim complete stability would be premature. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {45},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84896782363,

title = {Erratum: Human-planted alder trees as a protection against debris flows (A dendrochronological study from the Moxi basin, Southwestern China) (GEOCHRONOMETRIA 40(3) 2013: 208-216: DOI 10.2478/s13386-013-0113-x)},

author = { I. Malik and Y. Tie and P. Owczarek and M. Wistuba and W. Pilorz and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896782363&doi=10.2478%2fs13386-013-0117-6&partnerID=40&md5=afd65ce490b270fa58e53976f8a6e925},

doi = {10.2478/s13386-013-0117-6},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {41},

number = {1},

pages = {111-},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84882837163,

title = {Application of eccentric growth of trees as a tool for landslide analyses: The example of Picea abies Karst. in the Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains (Central Europe)},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik and H. Gärtner and P. Kojs and P. Owczarek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84882837163&doi=10.1016%2fj.catena.2013.06.027&partnerID=40&md5=2684b81faad61f8a086dc8e10f730c03},

doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2013.06.027},

issn = {03418162},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Catena},

volume = {111},

pages = {41-55},

abstract = {A method based on dendrochronology was developed to analyse the spatial and temporal variability of landslide activity as an alternative and complement to methods such as field monitoring of landslide relief, aerial-photography, and remote sensing. The method involves a feature of wood anatomy, tree-ring eccentricity, which is used in the dating procedure. The degree of eccentricity is used as an indicator of the intensity of the mechanical stress affecting a tree stem in a certain year. The objective was to develop a mathematical indicator of tree-ring eccentricity for dating the recent dynamics of landslides. A method presented in the paper is also designed for practical application in detecting initial landslide activity and allowing the determination of triggering factors. The index developed is dimensionless and for this reason is independent of the absolute ring variations of the single trees analysed. Using reference results (from stable slopes) as thresholds in dating an objective method for detecting landslide activity was developed. The method was used in the Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains on three landslides with different sizes and geological settings. It was found that the values of eccentricity index in trees growing on stable slopes rarely exceed at ±. 100%, while in trees growing on landslides they can reach hundreds to thousands per cent. A spatial analysis of the eccentricity values conducted for a single landslide has revealed that the method developed allows one to identify areas of landslide activation and to observe the down- or upslope propagation of instability. A comparison of the results obtained regarding the precipitation record has shown that, by using the method that has been developed, it is possible to detect past mass-movement episodes caused by heavy, long-term rainfall as well as by single, short-lasting but torrential downpours. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {54},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84897042289,

title = {Reconstruction of modern debris flow activity in the arctic environment with the use of dwarf shrubs (south-western Spitsbergen) - A new dendrochronological approach},

author = { P. Owczarek and A. Latocha and M. Wistuba and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897042289&doi=10.1127%2f0372-8854%2f2013%2fS-00145&partnerID=40&md5=aff2f7932c7f8b005c3aca8d2027e773},

doi = {10.1127/0372-8854/2013/S-00145},

issn = {03728854},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie},

volume = {57},

pages = {75-95},

publisher = {E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung},

abstract = {The aim of the paper is to show the potential of tundra dwarf shrubs in dendrochronological reconstructions of debris flow activity in the High Arctic. The preliminary studies with the use of Salix polaris and Salix reticulata in dating debris flow activity were conducted on selected study sites in the south-western Spitsbergen. Wood anatomy characteristics of shrubs, such as: the number of growth rings in collected specimens, the presence reaction wood and scars were evaluated for their potential in temporal reconstructions in geomorphology. The age of dwarf shrubs can be determined by counting the number of growth rings on cross sections of wooden stems. Cross sections were made on the border between branch systems and roots. The age of shrubs studied indirectly mark the minimal time, which passed since the last episode of debris flow on the studied surface. Analyses of reaction wood and scars can only support the dating of debris flows, because these anatomic features can also be developed as results of snow creeping or animal activities. There is a possibility of dating the periods of intensification in debris flow activity with the use of dendrochronology and dwarf shrubs, and with the one-year precision. The comparison of the time of debris flow occurrence with meteorological data, may, in future, allow determining the conditions of debris flow development in the High Arctic. © 2013 Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung.},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84896741364,

title = {Human-planted alder trees as a protection against debris flows (a dendrochronological study from the Moxi Basin, Southwestern China)},

author = { I. Malik and Y. Tie and P. Owczarek and M. Wistuba and W. Pilorz and B. Woskowicz-Ślęzak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896741364&doi=10.2478%2fs13386-013-0113-x&partnerID=40&md5=e8d28a464852424d01881f82a035d945},

doi = {10.2478/s13386-013-0113-x},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {40},

number = {3},

pages = {208-216},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {Large debris flows have destroyed the infrastructure and caused the death of people living in the Moxi Basin (Sichuan Province; Southwestern China). Inhabitants of the Moxi Basin live on the flat surfaces of debris-flow fans, which are also attractive for farming. During the monsoon season debris flows are being formed above the fans. Debris flows can destroy the houses of any people liv-ing within the fan surfaces. In order to prevent the adverse effects of flows, people plant alder trees (Alnus nepalensis) at the mouths of debris flow gullies running above debris flow fans. Alders are able to capture the debris transported during flow events. Trees are well adapted to surviving in con-ditions of environmental stress connected with abrupt transport and deposition of sediment from de-bris flows. Numerous wounds, tilting and bending of alder trees caused by debris flows only very rarely cause the death of trees. By dating scars and dating the time of alder tilting (through the analy-sis of annual rings), we have determined the frequency of debris flows occurring at the mouth of the Daozhao valley. In 1980-2012 within the studied debris-flow fan and the Daozhao gully, 2 large de-bris flow events occurred (1996; 2005) and some smaller events were probably recorded every 2-3 years. © 2013 Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84863921815,

title = {Dendrochronological methods for reconstructing mass movements -an example of landslide activity analysis using tree-ring eccentricity},

author = { I. Malik and M. Wistuba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863921815&doi=10.2478%2fs13386-012-0005-5&partnerID=40&md5=541f531357006a75db32b6a80874411e},

doi = {10.2478/s13386-012-0005-5},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {39},

number = {3},

pages = {180-196},

abstract = {Dendrochronological methods can be applied to the reconstruction of different types of en-vironmental events such as climate changes, fires, glacier movements, floods, earthquakes, volcano activity. In the field of geomorphology dendrochronology is increasingly frequently used for the abso-lute dating of different types of mass-movements (rock falls; landslides and debris flows; etc.). Trees growing on slopes transformed by mass-movements are tilted and wounded while their stems and root systems are exposed or buried under sediment. These events are recorded in wood anatomy as eccen-tric growth, reaction wood, scar overgrowth by callous tissue, changes in cell size or adventitious root production. Dating changes in wood anatomy allows to date and precisely reconstruct the spatial and temporal occurrence of mass-movements with at least one year resolution. The paper provides a re-view of existing dendrochronological tools used in geomorphology and also an example of the appli-cation of eccentric tree-growth to reconstruct landsliding. Using tree-ring eccentricity allows to (1) obtain a dynamic depiction of slopes, (2) study landslide activity, not only contemporary, but also in the last tens of hundreds of years (depending on the stand age). © 2012 Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.},

note = {41},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84862164784,

title = {Scots pine (pinus sylvestris L.) growth suppression and adverse effects on human health due to air pollution in the upper Silesian Industrial District (USID), southern Poland},

author = { I. Malik and M. Danek and E. Marchwińska-Wyrwał and T. Danek and M. Wistuba and M. Krąpiec},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862164784&doi=10.1007%2fs11270-012-1114-8&partnerID=40&md5=3bf86e8c87cc4f5df9eac00cc659ea6a},

doi = {10.1007/s11270-012-1114-8},

issn = {00496979},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Water, Air, and Soil Pollution},

volume = {223},

number = {6},

pages = {3345-3364},

publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},

abstract = {Air pollution emissions were not continually monitored in the Upper Silesian Industrial District (USID), southern Poland, and data is only available for the last 20 years. Long-lasting and severe tree ring reductions in pines growing 5-20 km north of the USID area recorded particularly high levels of air pollution emissions in the period 1950-1990. Especially high amounts of reductions and many missing rings were found in the period 1964-1981. At the same time, pines growing 60 km west of the USID do not record deep ring reductions; this proves that the phenomenon is of a regional nature. Increases in infant mortality and lung, bronchial, and tracheal cancer morbidity rates among males were also recorded in the USID during periods of high air pollution. Infant mortality rates increased several years after the tree ring reductions. Therefore, it may be possible to use tree ring reductions as an early indicator of the occurrence of adverse effects on human health. © The Author(s) 2012.},

note = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84867238988,

title = {Eccentricity index of tree rings - A tool for indentification of contemporary landsliding [Indeks dekoncentryczności przyrostów rocznych drzew - Narzedzie do identyfikacji współczesnych ruchów osuwiskowych]},

author = { M. Wistuba and I. Malik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867238988&partnerID=40&md5=98896ca5b3bb7b9d344ae3169d70976d},

issn = {00459453},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Czasopismo Geograficzne},

volume = {82},

number = {4},

pages = {401-421},

publisher = {Polish Geographical Society},

abstract = {Stem shapes and tree-ring width were examined in spruces (Picea abies) growing on landslide-affected slopes in Moravskoslezské Beskydy (Western Carpathians; Czech Republic). In contrast to spruce trees growing on a stable slope, they are tilted upslope - in the upper parts of slopes, while in the near-channel zone they are bent downslope. It was found that on the underside of stems, influenced by gravity, wider tree rings are produced. The first years of tree-ring eccentricity were identified as the period of the initiation/reactivation of landsliding. In order to date them dendrochronologically, the eccentricity index of tree rings [%] and its yearly variation [%] were used. The proposed method of dendrogeomorphic analysis of landslides enables one to obtain the dynamic description of slopes and to study landslide activity, not only contemporary one, but also in the past. Depending on the stand age, it is possible to study the last tens to hundreds of years. Percent eccentricity index enables one to present and compare the intensity of mass movements between individual trees, study sites and landslide slopes - contrary to the reaction wood analyses - so far popular dendrogeomorphic method. Using eccentricity index and its yearly variation, it is possible to determine the presence of contemporary landsliding on slopes, to study its temporal and spatial variability and to outline the zone with domination of mass movements induced by fluvial erosion. The proposed method can be used in practice, in identification of contemporary active landslides, which can threaten existing or planned infrastructure and facilities.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-83255185563,

title = {Atmospheric pollution emitted by industrial plants located in the northern part of Silesian Upland recorded in Scots Pine tree rings [Zanieczyszczenie atmosfery przez zakłady przemysłowe położone w północnej czȩści wyżyny Śla̧skiej Zapisane w Przyrostach rocznych sosny Zwyczajnej]},

author = { I. Malik and M. Danek and T. Danek and M. Krąpiec and M. Wistuba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-83255185563&partnerID=40&md5=731cbe39b8a04ada6b6da245b14a4d97},

issn = {00459453},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Czasopismo Geograficzne},

volume = {80},

number = {4},

pages = {257-274},

publisher = {Polish Geographical Society},

abstract = {Pines growing close to Tarnowskie Góry Chemical Plant and Miasteczko Śla̧skie Zinc Foundry produced reduced tree rings from 1950 to 1990 when compared with pines growing 60 km from the factories. Tree ring reductions occurred concurrently with the operation of the chemical plant and zinc foundry. Ring widths of the sampled pines are inversely proportional to the sulphur dioxide emissions from the Miasteczko Śla̧skie Zinc Foundry and the volume of production in the Tarnowskie Góry Chemical Plant. This demonstrates that the growth of trees was suppressed by emissions from the factories. Pines growing close to the zinc foundry started to produce reduced rings in 1965 and tree rings were very heavily suppressed in the 1970s. Reductions were noted from the time when the zinc foundry started to operate up until the present day. Reduced rings in 2000-2009 are produced by pines growing close to the zinc foundry and also those growing at a distance of 60 km from it. This indicates that ring reductions in 2000-2009 are not necessarily the effect of pollution emissions by the foundry. Tarnowskie Góry Chemical Plant emitted atmospheric pollution as early as 1925-1930 and as a result large tree ring reductions and many missing rings were identifed in cores collected from pines growing close to the chemical plant. Tree ring reductions and missing rings occurred from 1955 to 1985 in pines growing close to the chemical plant. Pines have started to produce relatively wide rings since 1985 when the volume of production in the chemical plant rapidly decreased. This indicates that the plant reduced harmful emissions to the atmosphere from this date onwards.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}