@article{2-s2.0-85130244205,

title = {A decade of glaciological and meteorological observations in the Arctic (Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard)},

author = { D. Ignatiuk and M. Błaszczyk and T. Budzik and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and M. Kondracka and M. Laska and Ł. Małarzewski and Ł. Stachnik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130244205&doi=10.5194%2fessd-14-2487-2022&partnerID=40&md5=8056e47ce7607db329b08a2602f71612},

doi = {10.5194/essd-14-2487-2022},

issn = {18663508},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Earth System Science Data},

volume = {14},

number = {5},

pages = {2487-2500},

publisher = {Copernicus Publications},

abstract = {The warming of the Arctic climate is well documented, but the mechanisms of Arctic amplification are still not fully understood. Thus, monitoring of glaciological and meteorological variables and the environmental response to accelerated climate warming must be continued and developed in Svalbard. Long-term meteorological observations carried out in situ on glaciers in conjunction with glaciological monitoring are rare in the Arctic and significantly expand our knowledge about processes in the polar environment. This study presents glaciological and meteorological data collected for 2009-2020 in southern Spitsbergen (Werenskioldbreen). The meteorological data are composed of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, short-wave and long-wave upwelling and downwelling radiation on 10gmin, hourly and daily resolution (2009-2020). The snow dataset includes 49 data records from 2009 to 2019 with the snow depth, snow bulk density and snow water equivalent data. The glaciological data consist of seasonal and annual surface mass balance measurements (point and glacier-wide) for 2009-2020. The paper also includes modelling of the daily glacier surface ablation (2009-2020) based on the presented data. The datasets are expected to serve as local forcing data in hydrological and glaciological models as well as validation of calibration of remote sensing products. The datasets are available from the Polish Polar Database (https://ppdb.us.edu.pl/; last access: 24 May 2022) and Zenodo (10.5281/zenodo.6528321; Ignatiuk; 2021a; 10.5281/zenodo.5792168; Ignatiuk; 2021b). © 2022 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85125879718,

title = {Detection of soil pipe network by geophysical approach: Electromagnetic induction (EMI) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT)},

author = { A. Bernatek-Jakiel and M. Kondracka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125879718&doi=10.1002%2fldr.4205&partnerID=40&md5=b4d74a1da51da3793f5184e43fe80edb},

doi = {10.1002/ldr.4205},

issn = {10853278},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Land Degradation and Development},

volume = {33},

number = {7},

pages = {1002-1014},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Studying soil pipes is a methodological challenge that needs improvement in detection methods in order to better recognize the role of piping erosion in land degradation and hillslope hydrology. This study explores electromagnetic induction (EMI) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in order to identify soil pipes. The study was conducted in a mountainous area (the Bieszczady Mountains; SE Poland) under a temperate climate, where pipes develop in silty-clayey soils. In the plot area, eight profiles were measured by the conductivity meter at different depths and then interpolated to present apparent electrical conductivity (ECa). Also, six ERT profiles were carried out using the Wenner-Schlumberger electrode configuration. The ECa values measured by EMI are not very diversified, suggesting its lower sensitivity to changes in the ECa, whereas the ECa values measured by ERT are characterized by greater fluctuation, that is, better detection possibilities. ERT has revealed soil pipes as zones of higher electrical resistivity (ER >268 Ωm) than their surroundings (characterized below pipes by ER <105 Ωm) underlying the air filling of pipes (ER >427 Ωm), whereas EMI has revealed its higher sensitivity to water content. The EMI results have shown the lowering of the water table in the lower part of the slope, perhaps because of the drainage by a complex pipe network. EMI allows quick measurements of ECa providing information on water content, and thus indirectly soil pipes, but, it cannot delineate individual pipes. Only the integration of geophysical methods supported by field recognition provides an effective method to detect soil pipes. © 2022 The Authors. Land Degradation & Development published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85107836252,

title = {Detection of land degradation caused by historical Zn-Pb mining using electrical resistivity tomography},

author = { M. Kondracka and J. Cabała and A.F. Idziak and D. Ignatiuk and A. Bielicka-Giełdoń and I. Stan-Kłeczek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107836252&doi=10.1002%2fldr.4005&partnerID=40&md5=222cac73749bcae20557b248d388b834},

doi = {10.1002/ldr.4005},

issn = {10853278},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Land Degradation and Development},

volume = {32},

number = {11},

pages = {3296-3314},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Soil contamination with trace elements in mining areas still remains an urgent research problem due to their negative environmental impact that needs to be assessed. Despite the wide application of the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method to different environmental problems, it continually remains methodologically challenging in soil contamination near waste dumps of post-metal historical mining. The aims of our study were: (1) to validate ERT measurements for detecting soil contamination by trace elements in the vicinity of a waste dump containing post-processing spoil from Zn-Pb ore smelting, (2) to determine the extent of soil contamination, and (3) to analyze the mineralogical, physical, and chemical properties of the soils affected. ERT enabled us to study the variability of electrical properties of soils, to locate the area of contamination, and to evaluate its spatial diversity in both. The impact of soil pollution is reflected on ERT cross-sections in the form of electrical resistivities that decrease with increasing depth and distance from the waste dump. The respective maximum contents of Zn, Pb and Cd in the soils were 28,903, 12,407, and 136 mg kg−1. The total concentration of trace elements in soils was the highest down to a depth of 0.25 m and decreased in the order: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Tl > As > Cr > Ni. The electrical resistivities of the soil samples were negatively correlated with the silty and clayey fraction content (−0.78), specific electrical conductivity (−0.75), total trace element content (−0.67), organic matter content (−0.57), and gravimetric water content (−0.53). The results also indicate that the electrical properties of the topsoil depend directly on the type of mineral components. Hydrated iron sulphates, lead sulphates, water-bound in aluminosilicates, Fe oxides/hydroxides, and hydrated Fe, Zn, and Pb sulphates present in the soil all decrease its electrical resistivity. Our results show the impact of the mineralogical, physical, and chemical properties of the soils on the measured electrical resistivity and that including this information in the interpretation of ERT results enables non-invasive detailed determination of soil contamination by trace elements. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85101816647,

title = {Evaluation of geophysical methods for characterizing industrial and municipal waste dumps},

author = { M. Kondracka and I. Stan-Kłeczek and S.S. Sitek and D. Ignatiuk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101816647&doi=10.1016%2fj.wasman.2021.02.015&partnerID=40&md5=89f0befd711ec0c1bbdbf464263ec432},

doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2021.02.015},

issn = {0956053X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Waste Management},

volume = {125},

pages = {27-39},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The main aim of this study was to assess the suitability of geophysical methods for investigating old waste dumps. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT), Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) were the techniques used to characterize a waste dump in the town of Dąbrowa Górnicza (S Poland). GPR and SRT were the most difficult methods to use because of the dense vegetation, which attenuated the passage of electromagnetic and seismic waves to the ground. However, GPR did turn out to be an appropriate tool for characterizing variations in the surface cover. ERT, SRT and MASW clearly highlighted the transition between the waste deposit and the host sediments, and determined the approximate thickness of the waste deposits. With MASW, however, the waste type and the boundary between the waste layer and surface cover could not be delineated. In some places, the surface cover was identified using SRT. With both these methods, the problem with identification may be due to the small contrast in the S- and P-wave velocities through two kinds of waste (municipal and industrial), the thinness of the waste layer, and the considerable differentiation of the surface cover. The most accurate results regarding the waste deposits were obtained using ERT and different electrode spacings. ERT pinpointed the exact location of the stored waste, distinguished between the types of waste, and identified the soil cover. Data from shallow boreholes confirmed the interpretations of the methods. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85089191563,

title = {Processes controlling the development of talus slopes in SW Spitsbergen: The role of deglaciation and periglacial conditions},

author = { K. Senderak and M. Kondracka and B. Gądek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089191563&doi=10.1002%2fldr.3716&partnerID=40&md5=9752ff11b4b0452a2903b53e99680e37},

doi = {10.1002/ldr.3716},

issn = {10853278},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Land Degradation and Development},

volume = {32},

number = {1},

pages = {208-223},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {The location of Svalbard at the interface between the warm Atlantic and cold Arctic oceans causes the terrestrial environment to be highly sensitive to contemporary climate warming. Talus slopes provide a component of glaciated areas that has been registering these changes on a scale of several thousand years. However, knowledge about their development during glacial recession is still limited. This paper fills this gap by providing unique data obtained by geophysical methods: electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR), regarding the talus slopes in Revdalen (SW Spitsbergen), which was last glaciated in the Neoglacial period. The results indicate that the thickness of talus slopes depends first of all on the size of the sediment supply area and only secondarily on the stage of development. The initial content of buried glacial ice in the talus deposits is differential and depends on both the rate of deglaciation and the local intensity of rock wall denudation. Over time, as a result of creep, the presence of massive ice is limited to ever lower parts of the slope. Above, there is aggradation of pore ice in delivered debris material. At the end of this stage, the buried glacial ice can form, or co-create together with pore ice, the core of subslope rock glaciers. The relatively long period since the beginning of the Revdalen deglaciation allowed a general model of the development of talus slopes in the polar environment to be prepared. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85104297190,

title = {Periods of intensified hillslope processes in poland’s gorce mountains during the holocene-a comparison based on new data [Holoceńskie Okresy Intensyfikacji Procesów Stokowych W Gorcach-Porównanie Najnowszych Wyników Badań]},

author = { P. Kroh and D. Okupny and T. Bryndal and M. Kondracka and P. Cybul},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104297190&doi=10.7163%2fPrzG.2021.1.5&partnerID=40&md5=18f4e3efed954b23940aa5ec465e099d},

doi = {10.7163/PrzG.2021.1.5},

issn = {00332143},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geograficzny},

volume = {93},

number = {1},

pages = {83-101},

publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},

abstract = {This paper presents selected results from efforts to date organic matter taken from deposits of three landslides in Poland’s Gorce Mts. i.e. the ones located below the Jaworzyna Kamienicka, Kudłoń and Góra Gębowa peaks. The material for dating was taken from two landslide peat bogs and one closed depression filled with mineral deposits. The ranges of the individual landslides were analysed by reference to a detailed terrain model as well as geophysical tests, while the organic samples collected were 14C radiocarbon-dated. The borehole drilled in the landslide below Jaworzyna Kamienicka reaches a depth of 2.2 m. It was from that profile that samples for 14C radiocarbon-dating, as well as palaeobotanical and geochemical study, were taken. The oldest deposits on the floor part of the peatland were dated to 8060±100 BP (8949 cal BP). The first level of gravels mixed with so-called organic chaff was dated to 7950±80 BP (8802 cal BP) and is deposited directly beneath a layer of peats dated to 75600±100 BP (8366 cal BP). Another important layer is of gravel and fragments of wood, 9 cm thick, deposited at a level dated to 3999±60 BP (4517 cal BP). Three boreholes were drilled in the peat bog below Kudłoń, with the oldest peat deposits at this site are dated to 5430±70 BP (6002 cal BP), and situated at a depth of 100-80 cm. In the other two places deposits in the floor profile were dated to 3010±60 BP and 400±60 BP. No mineral levels nor levels with a high share of mineral parts were found. Into the landslide below Góra Gębowa eight boreholes were made using an Egner soil rod within a closed depression filled with mineral deposits. A fragment of wood taken from borehole 5 at a depth of 2.2 m (just above the floor) was dated to 8850±100 BP (9739 cal BP), while one from a depth of 1 m is associated with a date of 8070±100 BP (8959 cal BP). In turn, the floor of borehole 6, at a depth of 2.1 m was the source for a wood sample of determined age equal to 8440±110 BP (9329 cal BP). The oldest deposits in the Gorce Mts. are of a fen character and area aged 9500 ± 90 BP (11 143-10 653 cal BP). They come from the Turbacz Range (Buczek; 2019). The next landslide phase is confirmed by wood fragments from the landslide below Góra Gębowa (8850±100 BP; 9739 cal BP), and could also be linked with rise of C. avellana within forest structure (Kołaczek et al.; 2020), as well as with the period of intense mineral-material deposition reported from four places in Makowski Beskid Mts. (Margielewski; 2006). A following phase of landslide formation is confirmed by data from Jaworzyna Kamienicka (8060±100 BP; 8949 cal BP) and Lake Zawadowskie (7947-7685 cal BP; Buczek; 2019), and represents the effect of the increased humidity and cooling of the climate reported from the Western Carpathians by many researchers. The oldest deposits from the peat bog below Kudłoń date to 5430±70 BP (6002 cal BP). Such a result is consistent with the increase in organic matter in Lake Zawadowskie in this period (5420± 60 BP in: Buczek; 2019 Fig. 7A). The traces from that period recorded by Buczek, and the dating of deposits beneath Kudłoń, may both indicate that a period 6.0-5.5 ka cal BP was the next one in which morphogenetic activity in the Gorce Mts. Increased. The formation of the Lelonek landslide (401±70 BP) could be treated as evidence of a next landslide-creation phase (Buczek; 2019) also gaining confirmation from Margielewski (2018). There is also a gravel-wood level in the core from Jaworzyna Kamiecka dated at 3999±60 BP; 4517 cal BP. Kołaczek et al. (2020) noted a major change of forest structure with increases of A. alba, F. sylvatica and C. betulus at ~4.0 ka BP (~4.5 ka cal BP). This attests to the period in question being one characterized by a high level of landslide activity. Comparison of all the latest data from the region in question sustains the conclusion that ~11.1 ka cal BP, ~9.7 cal BP, 8.6-8.0 cal BP, ~6,0 cal BP and ~4.5 ka cal BP, 3.3-2.5 cal BP and 1.75-1.35 cal BP are all periods associated with intensified Holocene landslide movements in the Gorce Mountains. © 2021, Polska Akademia Nauk. All rights reserved.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85078160993,

title = {Postglacial talus slope development imaged by the ERT method: Comparison of slopes from SW Spitsbergen, Norway and Tatra Mountains, Poland},

author = { K. Senderak and M. Kondracka and B. Gądek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078160993&doi=10.1515%2fgeo-2019-0084&partnerID=40&md5=95bbbc91a47c67a6bd4b6457d4f14b7d},

doi = {10.1515/geo-2019-0084},

issn = {23915447},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Open Geosciences},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {1084-1097},

publisher = {De Gruyter Open Ltd},

abstract = {Talus slopes are a common sedimentary formation both in polar and high-mountain areas, but their development is still not sufficiently understood. This article discusses the environmental factors that have been influencing development of talus slopes since the deglaciation and their impact on the internal structure of slopes. Case studies of the slopes from SW Spitsbergen and the Tatra Mountains in Poland were compared in order to explore different evolution stages. Slopes' structure was analysed using geophysical surveys based on two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) with a Wenner-Schlumberger array and an electrode spacing of 5 m, combined with geomorphological observations. The investigated talus slopes represent the paraglacial, periglacial and talus-alluvial environments. New data on the internal structure of talus slopes developing in the present or past glaciated areas adds to understanding talus slope evolution. There are many different views concerning the development of slopes during the paraglacial period, whose analysis seems to be crucial in the background of climate change and their record in slope structures. In addition, the study provided valuable information on the development and degradation of permafrost in slope materials. © 2019 K. Senderak et al., published by De Gruyter 2019.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85071540870,

title = {Detection of soil pipes using ground penetrating radar},

author = { A. Bernatek-Jakiel and M. Kondracka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071540870&doi=10.3390%2frs11161864&partnerID=40&md5=72d92af023a2355ee688bd23d5800694},

doi = {10.3390/rs11161864},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {11},

number = {16},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Soil piping leads to land degradation in almost all morphoclimatic regions. However, the detection of soil pipes is still a methodological challenge. Therefore, this study aims at testing ground penetrating radar (GPR) to identify soil pipes and to present the complexity of soil pipe networks. The GPR surveys were conducted at three sites in the Bieszczady Mountains (SE Poland), where pipes develop in Cambisols. In total, 36 GPR profiles longitudinal and transverse to piping systems were made and used to provide spatial visualization of pipe networks. Soil pipes were identified as reflection hyperbolas on radargrams, which were verified with the surface indicators of piping, i.e., sagging of the ground and the occurrence of pipe roof collapses. Antennas of 500 MHz and 800 MHz were tested, which made possible the penetration of the subsurface up to 3.2 m and 2 m, respectively. Concerning ground properties, antenna frequencies and processing techniques, there was a potential possibility to detect pipes with a minimum diameter of 3.5 cm (using the antenna of lower frequency), and 2.2 cm (with the antenna of higher frequency). The results have proved that soil pipes meander horizontally and vertically and their networks become more complicated and extensive down the slope. GPR is a useful method to detect soil pipes, although it requires field verification and the proper selection of antenna frequency. © 2019 by the authors.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84977502771,

title = {On the potential for a bottom active layer below coastal permafrost: the impact of seawater on permafrost degradation imaged by electrical resistivity tomography (Hornsund, SW Spitsbergen)},

author = { M. Kasprzak and M.C. Strzelecki and A. Traczyk and M. Kondracka and M. Lim and K. Migała},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84977502771&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2016.06.013&partnerID=40&md5=42a050eaa22d34ee5e27fbc945668254},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.06.013},

issn = {0169555X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {293},

pages = {347-359},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {This paper presents the results of two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) of permafrost developed in coastal zone of Hornsund, SW Spitsbergen. The measurements were made using the Wenner-Schlumberger electrode array with an electrode spacing 5 m for overview and 1.5 or 1 m spacing for detailed imaging. Using the ERT inversion results, we studied the 'sea influence’ on deeper parts of the frozen ground. During the investigations we tested hypotheses that the operation of seawater on shoreface may cause changes in the shape of the coastal permafrost base, and that the impact of seawater on more inland permafrost depends on the shape of the shoreline (differently in the embayment; and differently in a headland exposed to the open sea). Our study was inspired by previous ground temperature measurements conducted in several boreholes located in study area which captured the propagation of ground heat waves from the base of permafrost. Our resistivity models indicate a major differentiation in terms of resistivity of permafrost in the coastal zone. The resistivity measures obtained in deeper layers of ground were so low (< 100 Ω·m) that in the ‘warm permafrost’ conditions they exclude a possibility of freezing the coastal sediments and bedrock from the side of the sea. Low values continue further inland, going down under the surface layer of permafrost with higher resistivity. We interpret this situation as an influence of seawater's temperature and salinity on deeper parts of permafrost. Based on the measurements conducted within two years, we stated a change in the distribution of resistivity, both in the active layer, and in coastal front of permafrost in deeper parts of the ground. As observed in the inverse models, the geometric arrangement between the fields of extreme resistivity indicates the existence of a bottom active layer by the permafrost base, depending on thermal and chemical characteristics of seawater. The measurements conducted in the embayment, as well as on the headland exposed to the operation of storm waves, proved strong differences in the scale of the impact of seawater on permafrost. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {31},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85014153110,

title = {Talus slope evolution under the influence of glaciers with the example of slopes near the Hans Glacier, SW Spitsbergen, Norway},

author = { K. Senderak and M. Kondracka and B. Gądek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014153110&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2017.02.023&partnerID=40&md5=eebaef7922ac2e4d6d17a6b605f15741},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.02.023},

issn = {0169555X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {285},

pages = {225-234},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {On Spitsbergen, which is 60% glaciated, talus slopes have frequently developed in interaction with glaciers, which had an influence on the evolution of the internal structure of slopes. This paper presents the results of geophysical surveys (electrical resistivity tomography – ERT and ground-penetrating radar – GPR) of the talus slopes near the Hans Glacier (SW Spitsbergen). The aim of investigations was to compare the talus slopes under the influence of glaciers in two different parts of the area in order to reveal differences in their internal structure. We assumed that different locations of talus slopes can have an influence on the slope structure, showing different stages of evolution of the talus slopes. The maximum thickness of studied slopes ranges from 20 m in a marginal zone of the glacier, to up to 35 m without contact with the glacier. Permafrost begins at a depth of 2–3 m and can develop until bedrock is reached. The internal structure of these talus slopes contains glacial ice, which is covered by a layer of slope material with a thickness from a few to up to 10 m. The buried glacial ice is slowly melting simultaneously with the deglaciation of the area but can remain in the structure of the talus slopes for much longer. Morphogenetic processes, such as avalanches, rockfalls, and debris flows are most visible until the glacial ice is completely melted within the internal structure of the slope. Based on the geophysical and geomorphological data, general models were proposed for the early stages of evolution of talus slopes in valleys under deglaciation. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84988521739,

title = {Combining geomorphological mapping and near surface geophysics (GPR and ERT) to study piping systems},

author = { A. Bernatek-Jakiel and M. Kondracka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988521739&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2016.09.018&partnerID=40&md5=b394e0a6555b7b9eb576c5129017a180},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.09.018},

issn = {0169555X},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {274},

pages = {193-209},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {This paper aims to provide a more comprehensive characterization of piping systems in mountainous areas under a temperate climate using geomorphological mapping and geophysical methods (electrical resistivity tomography – ERT and ground penetrating radar – GPR). The significance of piping in gully formation and hillslope hydrology has been discussed for many years, and most of the studies are based on surface investigations. However, it seems that most surface investigations underestimate this subsurface process. Therefore, our purpose was to estimate the scale of piping activity based on both surface and subsurface investigations. We used geophysical methods to detect the boundary of lateral water movement fostering pipe development and recognize the internal structure of the underlying materials. The survey was carried out in the Bereźnica Wyżna catchment, in the Bieszczady Mountains. (Eastern Carpathians; Poland), where pipes develop in Cambisols at a mean depth of about 0.7–0.8 m. The geophysical techniques that were used are shown to be successful in identifying pipes. GPR data suggest that the density of piping systems is much larger than that detectible from surface observations alone. Pipe length can be > 6.5–9.2% (maximum = 49%) higher than what surface mapping suggests. Thus, the significance of piping in hillslope hydrology and gully formation can be greater than previously assumed. These results also draw attention to the scale of piping activity in the Carpathians, where this process has been neglected for many years. The ERT profiles reveal areas affected by piping as places of higher resistivity values, which are an effect of a higher content of air-filled pores (due to higher soil porosity; intense biological activity; and well-developed soil structure). In addition, the ERT profiles show that the pipes in the study area develop at the soil–bedrock interface, probably above the layers of shales or mudstones which create a water restrictive layer. Our results illustrate the suitability and limitations of GPR and ERT to study soil piping. In general, geophysical surveying is useful for gathering more information on pipe density, potential pipe detection, and recognition of the internal structure of materials underlying the pipes. However, the interpretation of radargrams and ERT profiles should be always accompanied by detailed terrain mapping due to potential disturbances affecting geophysical profiles. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {35},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85019038524,

title = {Glacier naled evolution and relation to the subglacial drainage system based on water chemistry and GPR surveys (Werenskioldbreen, SW Svalbard)},

author = { Ł. Stachnik and J.C. Yde and M. Kondracka and D. Ignatiuk and M. Grzesik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019038524&doi=10.1017%2faog.2016.9&partnerID=40&md5=230c7f1829739505fe90322abc8f4fea},

doi = {10.1017/aog.2016.9},

issn = {02603055},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Glaciology},

volume = {57},

number = {72},

pages = {19-30},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {Glacier naledi are extrusive ice masses that appear in front of glaciers as a consequence of refreezing of meltwater seepage during the accumulation season. These structures provide a unique opportunity to understand subglacial drainage activity during the accumulation season; however, only few detailed studies have previously focused on their characteristics. Here, we investigated glacier-derived naled assemblages in the proglacial zone of the polythermal glacier Werenskioldbreen (27.4 km2) in SW Svalbard. We determined the spatial distribution of naledi using ground penetrating radar surveys. The main subglacial drainage pattern was related to a channel under the medial moraine, and three sources are linked to a distributed subglacial drainage network. The relation between atmospherically-corrected (Ca2+ + Mg2+) and (SO4 2-) in sub-naled waters was closely related to sulphide oxidation coupled with carbonate dissolution (r = 0.99; slope = 1.6). This is consistent with the local lithology, which is dominated by schist containing carbonates. We also found high carbonate saturation indices in pale white ice layers within the naled. We conclude that sulphide oxidation coupled with carbonate dissolution is the dominant chemical weathering process in the subglacial drainage system of Werenskioldbreen during the accumulation season. Copyright © The Author(s) 2016.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84873347209,

title = {VLF mapping and resistivity imaging of contaminated quaternary formations near to 'panewniki' coal waste disposal (Southern Poland)},

author = { A. Kowalska and M. Kondracka and M.J. Mendecki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873347209&partnerID=40&md5=d8011c7e111569b24074d47be2064c27},

issn = {12149705},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia},

volume = {9},

number = {4},

pages = {473-480},

abstract = {The purpose of this work was to detect groundwater pollution and to identify the conditions of soil and groundwater near the coal waste disposal "Panewniki" Halemba-Wirek Coal Mine using geoelectrical measurements. The first applied method was the VLF (Very Low Frequency) technique. This method, using military signals, allowed to perform the in-phase and the quadrature maps. Data were collected from four study areas located near the coal waste dump. Observed anomalies on both maps for each area showed places with different conductivity allowed to detect the contaminated and uncontaminated zones. The VLF survey indicated that the contamination occurs in the eastern part of study area and is characterized by positive values of both measured electrical fields (the in-phase and the quadrature components). After preliminary contaminated zones were recognized using VLF method, an electrical imaging method was applied. Two electrical imaging profiles were carried out near the waste dump. The measurements allowed to create the geoelectrical model of surrounding area and to investigate the leachate plume. The electrical imaging showed that the greatest pollution occur in the area immediately adjacent to the coal waste what is confirmed by VLF survey. Based on the geological and geophysical knowledge from archives and on present researches, the contaminated aquifer with electrical resistivity of 5 to 15 Ωm deposited at depths of 3 to 7 m was found.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}