@article{2-s2.0-85192675104,

title = {Botryoidal and spherulitic hematite as experimental evidence of highly acidic conditions in burning coal-waste dumps and potentially on Mars},

author = { J. Ciesielczuk and M.J. Fabiańska and K. Gaidzik and Á. Nádudvari and M. Misz-Kennan and A.K. Abramowicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85192675104&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2024.172759&partnerID=40&md5=8f65b9a149d2bec607a78bbb4145667b},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172759},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {932},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {In the extreme setting of burning coal-waste dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland, botryoidal and spherulitic hematite occurs in association with sulphates and chlorides. A series of simple experiments aimed at replicating the conditions leading to the formation of hematite spherules on the burning dumps are described. Goethite synthesised in the laboratory, mixed with various combinations of other reactants, was heated in a heating chamber or a tubular furnace. Temperature, duration of heating, water and oxygen access, and pH were experimental variables. The results show that hematite may form spherules from goethite where access to oxygen is limited and where conditions are strongly acidic. The spherulitic shape of hematite produced due to dynamically changing physicochemical conditions in the burning dumps can be an indicator of an extremely acidic environment during the closing stages of coal-waste self-heating. The conditions of hematitic-spherule formation on burning coal-waste dumps may apply in a variety of other unrelated settings, e.g., waning volcanism, sulphuric acid speleologenesis and even the formation of blueberries on Mars. © 2024 The Authors},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85180369062,

title = {Weathering alterations of coal mining wastes geochemistry, petrography, and mineralogy, a case study from the Janina and Marcel Coal Mines, Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland)},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and J. Ciesielczuk and M. Szczerba and M. Misz-Kennan and D. Więcław and E. Szram and Á. Nádudvari and Z. Ciesielska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85180369062&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2023.104407&partnerID=40&md5=7f614415c47e1227af2cb9b820a07022},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2023.104407},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {281},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Weathering-caused alterations in coal mining waste geochemistry, petrography, and mineralogy occurring in the known time span of 1998–2018 in the temperate climate of Poland were investigated. A series of coal mining waste rocks representing two parts of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), differing in coalification stage, i.e., corresponding to sub-bituminous and bituminous coals, have been selected to find how the level of organic matter conditionates the weathering. Differences in organic matter content, petrographic composition, rock mineralogy and inorganic geochemistry were also taken into account. Whereas organic petrography, including vitrinite reflectance values, do not show significant weathering signs, apart from irregular cracks and, in very rare cases, paler in color oxidation rims, organic geochemistry has been affected due to low-temperature secondary processes, including increased oxygen index values, particularly in less mature coal mining wastes. Biomarker distribution has been changed to the largest extent, with partial removal of n-alkanes possibly due to biodegradation of organic matter and water-washing of lighter polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including alkyl naphthalenes. Organic matter of lower maturity in coal mining wastes from the USCB eastern part, as more reactive, showed a higher level of secondary transformations. Minerals formed during weathering due to time and storage on dumps were mainly oxidation products of iron sulphides: goethite and jarosite; however, most of the minerals have not been altered. Thus, despite physical changes in coal mining wastes, such as increased brittleness, decreasing fragment size and surface color change, there are only limited changes in inorganic chemistry and mineralogy. This indicates that low-temperature processes do not favour the inorganic elements release to the environment and points out that measures to prevent self-heating within the dumps are the most vital part of post-mining activity leading to the best scenario - slow low-temperature weathering of coal mining wastes. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85178139519,

title = {Organic minerals in a self-heating coal-waste dump in Upper Silesia, Poland: Structure, formation pathways and environmental issues},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and T. Krzykawski and M. Jabłońska and M.J. Fabiańska and K. Skrzyńska and A.K. Abramowicz and M. Książek and J. Ciesielczuk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85178139519&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2023.104403&partnerID=40&md5=94234ee56c791a04257a02baf301f8af},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2023.104403},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {281},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The study presents research on the unusual appearance of purple-colored organic minerals, ravatite (phenanthrene) and freitalite (anthracene), occurring in the migrating front wall of a heating spot in the Bytom coal waste dump (Upper Silesia Coal Basin; Poland). These minerals are known to be sublimation products, but their formation mechanism remains unclear. Additional minor components are fluorene, dibenzothiophene, naphthothiophenes, dibenzofuran, and their alkyl-derivatives, and n-C17 – n-C20 alkanes. Temperatures were surprisingly low (30–60 °C on the surface) at the sampling sites, though such large amounts of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) typically form in a burning environment where temperatures reach 800–1000 °C. The relatively low temperatures suggest that the primary mechanism of formation was not direct evaporation (desublimation) of phenanthrene and anthracene from coal-waste gases but that their occurrence may reflect a catalytical polymerization of ethylene on iron (III) chloride synthesized in a reaction between HCl and a common Fe mineral such as goethite. Subsequently, both minerals crystallized on the cold dump surface. High concentrations of phenanthrene and anthracene in self-heating products, testified by ravatite and freitalite, mean that self-heating of coal waste may significantly increase backgrounds of environmental pollution by PAHs. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85199579153,

title = {Unearthing the shadows of history: Chemical traces of Second World War atrocities in the Szpęgawski Forest and Death Valley, Poland},

author = { D. Kobiałka and M.J. Fabiańska and J. Rennwanz and I. Hildebrandt-Radke},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85199579153&doi=10.1111%2farcm.13013&partnerID=40&md5=09ea7729e869012fdaf83e832d7a3c94},

doi = {10.1111/arcm.13013},

issn = {0003813X},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Archaeometry},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {This article presents the results of analyses of the chemical composition of organic matter and the occurrence of characteristic geochemical and biochemical markers in 17 samples collected from the Second World War mass graves excavated in the Szpęgawski Forest and Death Valley, Poland. The results show that attempts to cover up mass crimes by burning the bodies of the victims have left their own traces—that each attempt to cover up the crime is associated with the creation of further evidence of the crimes committed. © 2024 The Author(s). Archaeometry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of University of Oxford.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85182728897,

title = {Phyllite/bentonite mixture-an alternative effective buffer material for a geological disposal of radioactive waste},

author = { J. Kyzioł-Komosińska and J. Janeczek and A. Dzieniszewska and M.J. Fabiańska and A. Matuszewska and E. Teper and E. Szram and T. Krzykawski and M. Pająk and J. Czupioł},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182728897&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-023-31102-6&partnerID=40&md5=170ca50532c1099a2d251dd0307aca0c},

doi = {10.1007/s11356-023-31102-6},

issn = {16147499},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},

volume = {31},

number = {2},

pages = {2419-2436},

abstract = {The use of phyllite (Phy) instead of quartz in mixtures with bentonite (B) is recommended as a buffer material for engineering barriers in a geological repository of nuclear waste. The recommendation is based on experimentally determined sorption properties of various Phy/B mixtures. The adsorption capacity of Phy/B mixtures (Phy/B: 75/25; 50/50; and 25/75), the removal efficacy of Eu(III) ions (an analog for fissiongenic lanthanides and actinides), and the rate of their binding reaction were studied using the batch adsorption equilibrium and kinetic experiments at different Eu(III) initial concentrations, solution pH, and solution to adsorbent (L/S) ratio. The adsorption capacity of the Phy/B mixtures increased with the increased bentonite content in the mixture depending on the L/S ratio and solution pH. The highest increase in the adsorption capacity of the Phy/B mixtures compared to phyllite was observed for the Phy/B proportions of 25/75 and 50/50. The rate of the Eu(III) adsorption was the best fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model indicating that the adsorption rate was controlled by chemisorption. The Sips model provided the best correlation of the adsorption experimental data, indicative of more than one adsorption site. The results of this study show the advantage of the Phy/B mixtures in immobilizing Eu and certain fission products by combining adsorption properties of the materials. © 2023. The Author(s).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85151013467,

title = {Five million years of life history record in an uppermost Cretaceous northern Tethyan marine succession, Eastern Carpathians (Romania): Microfossil content and palaeoenvironmental assessment},

author = { D. Ţabǎrǎ and H. Slimani and C. Chelariu and R. Bindiu-Haitonic and R. Bălc and Z. Csiki-Sava and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Misz-Kennan and M. Chelariu},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85151013467&doi=10.1016%2fj.revpalbo.2023.104878&partnerID=40&md5=3620b8a5c4932cddecc7d02e7b34dd74},

doi = {10.1016/j.revpalbo.2023.104878},

issn = {00346667},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology},

volume = {313},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {New biostratigraphic investigations based on palynomorphs (mainly dinoflagellate cysts), foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton recovered from eight geological sections indicate that the Hangu Formation near the Pluton-Pipirig area (Tarcău Nappe; Eastern Carpathians; Romania), previously assigned to the Senonian–Paleocene interval, includes only uppermost Cretaceous deposits. The palynological assemblages are moderately rich, with a total of 167 well-preserved taxa. The marine palynomorphs – essentially consisting of dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts) – are dominated by peridinioid taxa, mainly recorded in upper Upper Campanian–lower Maastrichtian deposits, and by a high-diversity assemblage of gonyaulacoid taxa during the late Maastrichtian. Marine algae and dinogymnioid dinocysts were less common. The terrestrial palynoflora is dominated by fern spores and angiosperm pollen, with subordinate gymnosperm pollen. The foraminiferal assemblages include an assortment of well-preserved agglutinated forms, present mainly in the upper Maastrichtian deposits, whereas calcareous benthics and planktonic foraminifera are rare and poorly preserved. Calcareous nannoplankton assemblages are also rare, often represented by two taxa (Micula staurophora and Watznaueria barnesiae); certain important biostratigraphic markers were found to be reworked in the analyzed deposits. Age assignments for the studied sections were mainly provided by dinocysts, through the identification of significant marker taxa and comparisons with well-calibrated Campanian–Maastrichtian dinocyst assemblages from well-dated sections and stratotypes, located mostly in the Northern Hemisphere. Indices such as particulate organic matter (POM) composition, the relative abundance of dinocyst eco-groups, as well as agglutinated foraminiferal morphogroups, were used to reconstruct the depositional environments of the Hangu Formation from the studied area. The upper Upper Campanian–lower Maastrichtian deposits from the Pluton-Pipirig sections were mainly deposited in neritic marine conditions, although occasional redeposition of the sediments transported by turbidity currents towards deeper water settings is not excluded, either. The depositional environments evolve towards outer neritic to distal (bathyal) during the late Maastrichtian, as indicated by palynofacies constituents and by high frequencies of gonyaulacoid dinocysts and deep-water benthic foraminifera. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85147541252,

title = {Preservation of labile organic compounds in sapropelic coals from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and M. Misz-Kennan and M.J. Fabiańska and J. Ciesielczuk and T. Krzykawski and B.R.T. Simoneit and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147541252&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2023.104186&partnerID=40&md5=396c170a48381df292c872f303db8608},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2023.104186},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {267},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Sapropelic coals were taken for study from coal mines and coal waste dumps in Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), Poland. They showed unusual molecular compositions reflecting immature characteristics. The vitrinite reflectances 0.65-1.00% indicated mature organic matter (OM) and agreed with the Rock Eval Tmax (421-444oC). The OM maturity also was supported by the geochemical ratios, i.e., alkylnaphthalenes, dimethylphenanthrenes, methylbiphenyls and dibenzofuran or phenol and its methyl derivatives in the southern part of USCB. The petrographic features showed fine-grained and laminated OM, which is typical for sapropel with a dominance of vitrinite and inertinite macerals. The presence of fusinites and natural chars reflects paleowildfires prior to coal formation and/or peat fires. It is also confirmed by the presence of anthracene, methyl-anthracenes, and oxygen-containing aromatic compounds like anthrone, xanthone, fluorenone, and benzofluoren-11-ones. Rock Eval pyrolysis data showed very similar values as the humic coals from USCB, except for the elevated values of S2 (residual petroleum potential) and Hydrogen Index (HI) reflecting the presence of hydrogen-rich liptinite macerals. The distributions of n-alkanes, methylalkanes, alkylcyclohexanes and alkylbenzenes indicate a microbiological origin associated with microorganisms, including cyanobacteria or Botryococcus. In all samples 8β(H)-homodrimane dominated and indicated an anoxic environment of the deep lakes. The preservation of tetracyclic diterpenoids, diaster-13(17)-enes, ββ-hopanes, simonellite, bisnorsimonellite, cadalene, fatty acids, aromatic aldehydes and carboxylic acids from lignin degradation in sapropelic hard coals indicates an early diagenetic generation of these compounds from sapropels. Furthermore, during coalification, some the less thermally labile compounds can be preserved with increasing coal rank, while others isomerized or aromatized to more stable counterparts. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85146253145,

title = {Organic matter variations in the deep marginal basin of the Western Tethys and links to various environments in isotopic Albian–Cenomanian Boundary Interval},

author = { K. Bąk and E. Szram and M. Zielińska and M. Misz-Kennan and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Bąk and Z. Górny},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146253145&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2022.104181&partnerID=40&md5=62656959bb3d149bb887ffc8e5308928},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2022.104181},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {266},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {In the latest Albian–lowermost Cenomanian, the palaeoenvironments along the northern margin in the Carpathian domain of the Western Tethys were characterized by deep basins with floors below the calcium compensation depth, which were filled with flysch and hemipelagic sediments. On the other hand, the terrestrial areas surrounding the Western Tethys to the north were covered by a diverse flora of gymnosperms and experienced an increase in the diversity of angiosperms; the latter was characterized by a rapid spread in most terrestrial environments. The flysch/hemipelagic succession of the Silesian Basin (the Polish part of the Outer Carpathians) contains a sedimentological record of organic-rich accumulation that is related to the carbon isotope excursion, known as the Albian–Cenomanian Boundary Interval (ACBI); its older part corresponds to Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d (OAE1d). Organic matter (OM) records from these noncalcareous sediments are characterized by the occurrence of both terrigenous and marine organic compounds, and an increase in their accumulation intensity occurred during OAE1d, similar to other Western Tethyan areas and their northern surroundings. Quantitative analyses of the OM compounds using petrographic and chemical methods indicate that the majority were redeposited from land and estuarine environments; however, the OAE1d strata (Alternans Level) and the lower part of the post-OAE1d black shale succession are also enriched in OM of marine origin. This enrichment is interpreted as the result of enhanced surface water productivity, most likely related to redistribution of nutrients from coastal areas during the sea level rise of the KAl8 eustatic cycle. OAE1d was also the period in which the degradation of OM took place under reducing conditions in the bottom waters (although they were not anoxic), which was possibly caused by poor ventilation. A high proportion of terrigenous/estuarine OM compounds redeposited in the Silesian Basin is characteristic, especially for the post-ACBI black and dark grey shales. A large amount of this OM type has undergone relatively rapid degradation as it has settled from the shallows through a well‑oxygenated water column in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic zones. Some terrigenous OM came from forest fires that occurred in the catchment area and supplied material to the Silesian Basin. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85142501089,

title = {Hydrocarbon Degradation and Microbial Survival Improvement in Response to γ-Polyglutamic Acid Application},

author = { E. Zając and M.J. Fabiańska and E. Jȩdrszczyk and T. Skalski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142501089&doi=10.3390%2fijerph192215066&partnerID=40&md5=64a35db89f43e1720d1f36489866935c},

doi = {10.3390/ijerph192215066},

issn = {16617827},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},

volume = {19},

number = {22},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {To improve the environmental sustainability of cleanup activities of contaminated sites there is a need to develop technologies that minimize soil and habitat disturbances. Cleanup technologies, such as bioremediation, are based on biological products and processes, and they are important for the future of our planet. We studied the potential of γ-poly glutamic acid (PGA) as a natural component of biofilm produced by Bacillus sp. to be used for the decomposition of petroleum products, such as heavy naphtha (N), lubricating oil (O), and grease (G). The study aimed to assess the impact of the use of different concentrations of PGA on the degradation process of various fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) and its effect on bacterial population growth in harsh conditions of PH contamination. In laboratory conditions, four treatments of PGA with each of the petroleum products (N; O; and G) were tested: PGA0 (reference), PGA1 (1% PGA), PGA1B (1% PGA with Bacillus licheniformis), and PGA10 (10% PGA). After 7, 28, 56, and 112 days of the experiment, the percentage yield extraction, hydrocarbon mass loss, geochemical ratios, pH, electrical conductivity, and microorganisms survival were determined. We observed an increase in PH removal, reflected as a higher amount of extraction yield (growing with time and reaching about 11% in G) and loss of hydrocarbon mass (about 4% in O and G) in all treatments of the PGA compared to the reference. The positive degradation impact was intensive until around day 60. The PH removal stimulation by PGA was also reflected by changes in the values of geochemical ratios, which indicated that the highest rate of degradation was at the initial stage of the process. In general, for the stimulation of PH removal, using a lower (1%) concentration of PGA resulted in better performance than a higher concentration (10%). The PH removal facilitated by PGA is related to the anionic homopoliamid structure of the molecule and its action as a surfactant, which leads to the formation of micelles and the gradual release of PH absorbed in the zeolite carrier. Moreover, the protective properties of PGA against the extinction of bacteria under high concentrations of PH were identified. Generally, the γ-PGA biopolymer helps to degrade the hydrocarbon pollutants and stabilize the environment suitable for microbial degraders development. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85140926709,

title = {The Influence of a Fire at an Illegal Landfill in Southern Poland on the Formation of Toxic Compounds and Their Impact on the Natural Environment},

author = { W. Rykala and M.J. Fabiańska and D. Dąbrowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140926709&doi=10.3390%2fijerph192013613&partnerID=40&md5=bad9af6e1cbbd4b23282d3e512249b57},

doi = {10.3390/ijerph192013613},

issn = {16617827},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},

volume = {19},

number = {20},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Landfill fires pose a real threat to the environment as they cause the migration of pollutants to the atmosphere and water sources. A greater risk is observed in the case of wild landfills, which do not have adequate isolation from the ground. The aim of this article is to present the results of studies on the toxicity of waste from a fire in a landfill in Trzebinia (southern Poland). Both soil and waste samples were investigated. The samples were analyzed using the GC-MS method and the leachates using ICP-OES. A total of 32 samples of incinerated waste and soil were collected. The organic compounds included naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo (c) phenanthrene, benzo (a) anthracene, chrysene, benzo (ghi) fluoranthene, benzo (b + k) fluoranthene, benzo (a) fluoranthene, benzo (c) fluoranthene, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (e) pyrene, perylene, indeno[1;2;3-cd] pyrene, benzo (ghi) perylene, and dibenzo (a + h) anthracene. Among the inorganic parameters, sulfates, chlorides, arsenic, boron, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc were taken into account. Phenanthrene reached values exceeding 33 mg/L. Fluoranthene dominated in most of the samples. Sulfates and chlorides were present in the samples in concentrations exceeding 400 and 50 mg/L, respectively. Compounds contained in burnt waste may have a negative impact on soil and water health safety. Therefore, it is important to conduct research and counteract the negative effects of waste fires. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85125047768,

title = {The Miocene deep-seated spontaneous coal-seam fire in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (S Poland) and its geotectonic trigger mechanism},

author = { J. Nawrocki and J. Ciesielczuk and D. Jura and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Misz-Kennan},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125047768&doi=10.1111%2fter.12576&partnerID=40&md5=7a4092a258b5e5dc987fbe84eb9c1ea3},

doi = {10.1111/ter.12576},

issn = {09544879},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Terra Nova},

volume = {34},

number = {3},

pages = {184-192},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {The deep-seated spontaneous coal-seam fire occurred in the southwestern part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (S Poland), confirmed by oxygenated compounds emission to over- and underlying rocks. The fire was dated at 19.2–19.8 Ma using the 39Ar-40Ar method and palaeomagnetism. It was initiated in the Carpathian foreland thanks to a normal faulting in response to thrust-loaded deflections of the Carpathian foreland lithosphere during collision of tectonic plates (Alcapa and stable Europe). The orogenic loading caused this normal faulting in the foreland and triggering the flexural mechanism of foredeep subsidence and forebulge uplift. Thanks to the dating of rocks affected by the spontaneous coal fire initiated during the rapid uplift of coal-bearing rocks, when they became exposed to the aeration zone, the age of these mountain-building processes in the Carpathians has been precisely defined. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85117060914,

title = {Molecular and stable isotope composition of pollutants emitted during thermal processes within the rymer coal waste dump (Upper Silesia, Poland)},

author = { D. Więcław and K. Jurek and M.J. Fabiańska and E. Bilkiewicz and A. Kowalski and M. Misz-Kennan and J. Ciesielczuk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85117060914&doi=10.3390%2fmin11101120&partnerID=40&md5=9ec58d7a0a1d964310965add801d997f},

doi = {10.3390/min11101120},

issn = {2075163X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {11},

number = {10},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Twenty-seven gases and sixteen rock wastes from the thermal active Rymer coal waste dump were collected. The composition and origin of gaseous, liquid, and solid pollutants emitted during the self-heating process and the development of these processes with time were established. Gases were subjected to determination of molecular and stable isotope (δ13C and δ2H) composition. Rock-Eval pyrolysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) were applied for evaluation of the quantity and molecular composition of pyrolysates released during the heating of rocks in temperatures from 100 to 650◦C. The main products of Py-GC-MS are released between 350 and 650◦C, namely alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and aromatic alcohols. These components were also recorded in Py-GC-MS products of samples collected from the dump surface. Besides the high-molecular-weight organic compounds, in emitted gases CO2, CO, gaseous hydrocarbons, and S-compounds were recorded. The stable isotope data indicated that methane was generated mainly during the low-temperature thermogenic process, but a share of the microbial-originated gas was visible. The source of the CO2 was the oxidation of organic matter. The gaseous S-compounds were products of high-temperature decomposition of sulphides and organic S-compounds. The hydrocarbon and CO contents of the emitted gases proved to be good indicators for tracking of the self-heating processes. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85112594413,

title = {Changes in soil chemical composition caused by self-heating of a coal-waste dump},

author = { A.K. Abramowicz and O. Rahmonov and M.J. Fabiańska and Á. Nádudvari and R. Chybiorz and M.P. Michalak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85112594413&doi=10.1002%2fldr.4040&partnerID=40&md5=6dbe689c6759100989dc9f16584ba8ff},

doi = {10.1002/ldr.4040},

issn = {10853278},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Land Degradation and Development},

volume = {32},

number = {15},

pages = {4340-4349},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {The paper presents soil features and chemical composition in a self-heating coal-waste dump. The investigations were carried out in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. A fire zone in which the soil temperature exceeded 50°C was selected for our study. Soil analyses were carried out for three grain sizes – d > 1 mm, 0.063 mm < d ≤ 1 mm, and d ≤ 0.063 mm – enabling identification of the diversity of the chemical composition in soil fractions. The highest concentration of heavy metals is represented by Mn (212–6972 mg kg-1), Zn (127–3283 mg kg-1), Pb (33.6–1344.7 mg kg-1), Cu (38.9–101.4 mg kg-1), and major elements by Fe (14;300–117;400 mg kg-1) and Ca (900–63;600 mg kg-1). Soil chemistry showed variations within individual studied sites. The soil reaction ranges from acidic (4.3 in KCl and 5.26 in H2O) to moderate alkaline (7.96 in H2O and 7.31 in KCl), whereas TOC ranges from 1.21% to 14.60% and TN from 0.023% to 0.291%. The distribution of n-alkanes clearly showed a low degree of transformation of organic matter and characteristic high values of Pr/Ph ratio for humic coals and coal waste in the region. Grains with diameters greater than 1 mm exhibited completely different features than those of fractions smaller than or equal to 1 mm. High organic carbon content (14.60) was detected in the samples along with PAHs. The influence of fire on the chemical composition of all samples was identified using geochemical indicators. PCA analysis showed that the values of the variables were more closely correlated in finer grains than in the coarsest fraction. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85105377903,

title = {Selected ions and major and trace elements as contaminants in coal-waste dump water from the Lower and Upper Silesian Coal Basins (Poland)},

author = { L. Lewińska-Preis and E. Szram and M.J. Fabiańska and Á. Nádudvari and M. Misz-Kennan and A.K. Abramowicz and Ł. Kruszewski and A. Kita},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105377903&doi=10.1007%2fs40789-021-00421-9&partnerID=40&md5=4b9123027922bf299128dda7f296b4dd},

doi = {10.1007/s40789-021-00421-9},

issn = {20958293},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Science and Technology},

volume = {8},

number = {4},

pages = {790-814},

publisher = {Springer International Publishing},

abstract = {Many temporary and permanent reservoirs of water occur on or near coal-waste dumps in the Lower- and Upper Silesian Coal Basins (Poland). Little or nothing is known of the degree to which their water chemistry might reflect (i) reservoir type, i.e., whether permanent or temporary, (ii) level of coal-waste thermal activity, i.e., whether inactive or self-heating or burnt-out or (iii) region, i.e., whether the dumps are in Upper- or Lower Silesia. To provide some answers, concentrations of selected ions (NH4+; HCO3−; F−; Cl−; Br−; NO2−; NO3−; PO43−;SO42−) were determined by ion chromatography and of nineteen elements (Al; B; Ba; Ca; Cd; Cr; Cu; Fe; K; Li; Mg; Mn; Na; P; Pb; S; Si; Sr; Zn) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The data allow a number of the following observations. When permanent reservoirs are considered, there is a clear relationship between concentrations of ions and major and trace elements and dump thermal activity. The highest concentrations occur where the thermal activity is high as inorganic components are transformed into more water-soluble forms. As dump thermal activity shows a regional pattern, it follows also that elemental and ion concentrations in the dump waters show significant regional differences. In temporary reservoirs, concentrations of ions and major and trace elements are much lower and any correlations between components less significant than in the permanent reservoirs; these reservoirs exist for too short a time for any balance between coal waste- and water components to be established. © 2021, The Author(s).},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85110476526,

title = {Quantitative assessment of organic and inorganic contaminants in charcoal},

author = { Z. Jelonek and M.J. Fabiańska and I. Jelonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85110476526&doi=10.3390%2fresources10070069&partnerID=40&md5=97b6e1a7d08030eb124f8f42052c1ebf},

doi = {10.3390/resources10070069},

issn = {20799276},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Resources},

volume = {10},

number = {7},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Thirty‐one batches of commercial charcoal from various regions of Poland and Germany were tested for the presence of 20 toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Elements that are toxic to living organisms were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). They were classified as elements representing a very high degree of hazard (As; Cd; Cu; Hg; and Pb), high degree of hazard (Zn; Ba; Cr; Mn; and Mo), moderate degree of hazard (Co; Ni; Sn; and Te), and a low degree of hazard for living organisms and the environment (Ag; Bi; Ce; Se; Sr; and Zr). In regard to the most toxic ele-ments, the highest concentration in the whole tested material was recorded for Cu. In addition, con-siderable amounts of Ba, Mn, and Sr, i.e., elements representing a high or moderate degree of haz-ard, were found in the tested charcoals. Moreover, all charcoals contained a wide range of PAHs, from naphthalene to benzo(ghi)perylene, with concentrations in a range between 12.55 and 3554.11 ng/g charcoal. In total, 25 unsubstituted PAHs were identified in the charcoal extracts. PAHs distributions were dominated by five‐ring PAHs. The results indicate high carcinogenicity with ∑PAHcarc/∑PAHtot close to 1, as well as high TEQ and MEQ values. Thus, prolonged exposure to charcoal and charcoal dust might cause serious health problems. This applies to employees actively involved in the production and transport of charcoal and, to a lesser extent, users of this fuel. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzer-.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85109082154,

title = {The disappearance of coal seams recorded in associated gangue rocks in the sw part of the upper silesian coal basin, poland},

author = { J. Ciesielczuk and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Misz-Kennan and D. Jura and P. Filipiak and A. Matuszewska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85109082154&doi=10.3390%2fmin11070735&partnerID=40&md5=13efd0ecf4effafbca83a5ca1571c789},

doi = {10.3390/min11070735},

issn = {2075163X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {11},

number = {7},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Coal seams in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin vanish within the Carboniferous Upper Silesian Sandstone Series and below an unconformity marking the Carboniferous top surface. Changes in the geochemical, mineralogical, petrological and palynological characteristics of gangue rocks associated with the vanished seams record what happened. The observed changes could have been caused by (1) coal-seam paleofire, (2) peat combustion, (3) igneous intrusion, (4) metasomatism and/or (5) weathering. Multifaceted research on samples collected at the Jas-Mos mining area, a part of the operating Jastrzębie-Bzie Coal Mine that are representative of different geological settings in the northern and southern parts of the mining area, point to intra-deposit paleofire as the most plausible reason for the disappearance. Biomarkers enabled recognition of differences in heating duration and oxygen access. Coal seams in the south burned quickly with abundant oxygen supply. Seams in the north pyrolyzed for an extended time under conditions of limited oxygen. Though other methods used proved less sensitive, all confirmed low (100–150◦C) paleotemperature heating. Overall, the reason for the local disappearance of the coal seams, making their exploitation difficult and unprofitable, can be assigned to a variety of different processes in a complex overlapping history of variable weathering, heating due to local endogenic fires and, probably, earlier peat combustion. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85100541579,

title = {Heavy metal- and organic-matter pollution due to self-heating coal-waste dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland)},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and B. Kozielska and A.K. Abramowicz and M.J. Fabiańska and J. Ciesielczuk and J. Cabała and T. Krzykawski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100541579&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhazmat.2021.125244&partnerID=40&md5=07ef9df8d36be53a4c471da5c1dfc7c6},

doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125244},

issn = {03043894},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Hazardous Materials},

volume = {412},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {This study provides potential insight between self-heating coal-waste dumps and related environmental pollution in southern Poland. Samples collected from dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin were used to quantify released contents of organic- and inorganic pollutants, i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace elements (Pb; Cd; Cr; Cu; Zn; Ni; Hg; As). Elevated Hg concentrations (~100–1078 mg/kg) and Pb (~600–2000 mg/kg) attest to the evaporation of these metals from deeper parts of the dumps. The acidic pH levels (3.0–4.5) may help to mobilize these elements. Pearson's correlation coefficients for samples analyzed by AAS and ICP-MS indicate a similar origin for Cd, Zn, and As. Mostly 2- and 3-ring PAHs, especially anthracene in burnt soil, dominate in the samples. Chlorinated PAHs, thiophenol, pyridines, quinolines (and derivatives) in thermally-altered samples, and waste containing pyrolytic bitumen indicate coking conditions. The high levels of Hg, Pb, and Cd, and chlorinated PAHs and nitrogen heterocycles formed or enriched during self-heating in these dumps should be deemed a significant environmental hazard. Calculating the lifetime cancer risks due to PAHs and heavy metals accumulations in the dumps are substantial, and access to these dumps should be prohibited. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85095782590,

title = {Classification of fires in coal waste dumps based on Landsat, Aster thermal bands and thermal camera in Polish and Ukrainian mining regions},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and A.K. Abramowicz and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Misz-Kennan and J. Ciesielczuk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095782590&doi=10.1007%2fs40789-020-00375-4&partnerID=40&md5=7736bce653d78699a57d68b740b66fd5},

doi = {10.1007/s40789-020-00375-4},

issn = {20958293},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Science and Technology},

volume = {8},

number = {3},

pages = {441-456},

publisher = {Springer International Publishing},

abstract = {A self-heating intensity index (SHII) based on the highest (pixel max.) and lowest (pixel min.) values taken from satellite thermal maps of burning coal waste dumps are proposed. The index enables the classification of such fires in Ukrainian- and Polish coal waste dumps. Both in Ukraine and in Poland, varying thermal intensities during 1985–2019 are revealed, using the SHII and following thermal intensity threshold values, namely, extreme thermal activity (> 7), advanced (3–7), moderate (3–1.5), initial (1.5–1), no activity (< 1). The SHII shows decreasing thermal activity in the selected Ukrainian coal waste dumps during 2017–2019. It aids in reconstructing the thermal history of the dumps. Analysis of satellite images revealed a large number of burning coal waste dumps in the Donetsk Coal Basin (Ukraine) with high thermal activity. Such burning likely reflects large amounts of organic matter and sulphides in the dumped material subjected to self-heating and self-burning processes, lack of compaction of the coal waste and/or high methane contents. Comparison of SHII values calculated from satellite- and drone thermal-camera images were compared to show that SHII from drone thermal images have much higher values than those from satellite images; the former have better resolution. Thus, SHII from Landsat- and drone images should be used separately in dump heating studies. © 2020, The Author(s).},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85105102398,

title = {The influence of heating on the carbon isotope composition, organic geochemistry and petrology of coal from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland): An experimental and field study},

author = { J. Ciesielczuk and M. Górka and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Misz-Kennan and D. Jura},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105102398&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2021.103749&partnerID=40&md5=bd6f6cc1f7819b03ba7bf04bff77e70b},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2021.103749},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {241},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The impact of natural intra-deposit heating on the δ13C signature, organic geochemistry, and petrology of coal and coal-bearing rocks characterised by various degrees of coalification and palaeoenvironments in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, is elaborated. Reconstruction of palaeofire performed by heating experiments up to 400 °C in open and semi-closed systems with different heating regimes confirms the crucial significance of temperature and oxygen access. In open-system heating, released 13C-depleted gases enrich residue coke in 13C compared to raw coal. Petrological examinations did not show the impact of palaeofires on the maceral properties of coal. However, the carried-out experiment caused the formation of devolatilisation pores, rounded edges, cracks, pale rims, as well as higher reflectance and paler colour that was what was expected. Extractable compounds become highly depleted, and low-weight organic compounds nearly absent. Relatively high contents of combustion-formed PAHs are an indicator of open-system heating. In semi-closed systems, the final total isotopic composition was almost unchanged as no components are carried away though changes in petrography and geochemistry occur. Increased extract yields reflect the release of bitumen from closed pores and partial pyrolysis of organic matter. Depletion of lighter n-alkane compounds, total carbon TC and volatiles decrease, and variable values of various alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon ratios are also indicative of semi-closed heating. Coal seams suspected of intra-deposit heating show geochemical and isotopic features similar to semi-closed- rather than open-system heating, and their δ13C signatures and organic geochemistry did not respond strongly during laboratory re-heating. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85099139873,

title = {Preservation of geochemical markers during co-combustion of hard coal and various domestic waste materials},

author = { E. Cieślik and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099139873&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2020.144638&partnerID=40&md5=a9a1f0db0f33346dd9f3dc94d637861a},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144638},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {768},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Combustion of domestic waste for heating purposes in non-adapted furnaces is a common environmental problem all over the world since it leads to significant emission of harmful substances to the atmosphere. In this project fly and bottom ash from hard coal and domestic waste co-combustion were investigated on the occurrence and distribution of geochemical markers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and their alkyl derivatives. Hard coal with a domestic waste admixture (paper; ethylene propylene diene rubber; tire rubber; polyethylene; polyvinyl chloride) was combusted in a certified domestic central heating furnace equipped with a control and measurement system. Fly ash was collected on glass microfiber filters inside the flue gas chimney. Raw fuels, fly and bottom ash extracts were analyzed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Geochemical markers survived the coal/domestic waste combustion and can be identified despite the presence of other organic compounds derived from domestic waste thermal decay. The highest changes in distribution and values of geochemical ratios concern light-weight compounds, i.e. lighter n-alkanes and acyclic isoprenoids (pristane and phytane), with distinct differences between fly and bottom ash. n-Alkanes expulsion significantly decreased values of Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18 ratios. Due to their high molecular weight pentacyclic triterpanes mostly retained their original distributions; however, some shifts in values of their thermal maturity ratios occurred due to artificial maturation of organic matter under the heat of combustion. PAHs diagnostic ratios showed variable utility in the indication of domestic waste admixture to hard coal combusted. The highest sensitivity was found for BaP/BghiP, MPI-1, and MPI-3 whereas Fl/(Fl + Py) rather pointed out at hard coal dominating in the fuel mixture. The addition of EPDM and tires significantly worsened the quality of combustion, which is reflected in high extract yields and the retained hard coal geochemical features such as the Pr/Ph value closest to the raw coal value. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85090054667,

title = {Organic contaminants of coal-waste dump water in the Lower- and Upper Silesian Coal Basins (Poland)},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and Á. Nádudvari and J. Ciesielczuk and E. Szram and M. Misz-Kennan and D. Więcław},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090054667&doi=10.1016%2fj.apgeochem.2020.104690&partnerID=40&md5=48996f1ecc723173fab6270181a20d34},

doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104690},

issn = {08832927},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Applied Geochemistry},

volume = {122},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Organic phases in the waters of permanent- and temporary reservoirs located on and near coal-waste dumps in Upper- and Lower Silesia, Poland, include recent compounds of biogenic origin, geochemical compounds (biomarkers), dissolved products of coal-waste self-heating, and anthropogenic markers. Due to their adverse environmental- and health effects, the concentration levels of two compound groups were assessed, namely, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organic phosphates (OPEs). Their occurrence depends on whether sampling sites were thermally active or not. The predominant source of organic compounds in coal-waste dump water at thermally active sites is organic matter from coal waste. Products of self-heating dissolved in water include phenolic compounds, light ketones, organic acids, and PAHs showing the highest concentrations. OPEs are present only at thermally active sites where firefighting operations had taken place recently. These most probably derived from pump lubricants and/or the diesel engines of heavy-duty equipment such as excavators and bulldozers as no fire retardants were used. Biomarker- and PAHs ratios indicative of air particulate contamination prevail at sites where any thermal activity had ceased long ago. Traffic emission from nearby settlements seems to be the main source of organic compounds at such sites as the biomarkers indicate a crude-oil related source. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85077690642,

title = {Correction to: Investigation of organic material self-heating in oxygen-depleted condition within a coal-waste dump in Upper Silesia Coal Basin, Poland (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, (2020), 27, 8, (8285-8307), 10.1007/s11356-019-07336-8)},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Misz-Kennan and J. Ciesielczuk and A. Kowalski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077690642&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-020-07688-6&partnerID=40&md5=fe5a69a01cc526237c33c998cee7b8bf},

doi = {10.1007/s11356-020-07688-6},

issn = {09441344},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},

volume = {27},

number = {8},

pages = {8308-8309},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {The original publication of this paper contains a mistake. The correct caption of figures 7 and 8 is shown in this paper. The original article was corrected. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85077566195,

title = {Investigation of organic material self-heating in oxygen-depleted condition within a coal-waste dump in Upper Silesia Coal Basin, Poland},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Misz-Kennan and J. Ciesielczuk and A. Kowalski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077566195&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-019-07336-8&partnerID=40&md5=7ce4d37003127eb4389089804172f697},

doi = {10.1007/s11356-019-07336-8},

issn = {09441344},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},

volume = {27},

number = {8},

pages = {8285-8307},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {Self-heating occurring was studied in the Bytom coal-waste dump using petrographic, mineralogical, and organic geochemical to assess the changes induced by heating on organic material and quantify—qualify the emitted gases. The distribution of geochemical markers such as n-alkanes, alkylbenzenes, alkylcyclohexanes, phenols, sulfurous compounds, and emitted gases in the waste dump is outlined. Heating of organic material there is indicated by high vitrinite random reflectance (Rr)% values that typically characterize samples with short-chain n-alkanes, alkylbenzenes, and alkylmethylbenzenes. Contents of minerals showing minor alterations are high with ~ 90% in burned-out samples. Inside the dump where temperatures can reach up to 700–1300 °C and oxygen contents are significantly reduced, conditions favor coking. This situation is confirmed by the formation of enormous quantities of phenols and alkylbenzenes or by elevated amounts of H2 formed under low-oxygen conditions (pyrolysis). Aromatization, pyrolysis (thermal cracking), and oxidation are associated with the heating in the dump. Gases such as methane, ethane, propane, and ethylene formed during self-heating can serve as fuel for the fire inside the dump, in the process generating huge amounts of CO2. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85092224511,

title = {Ancylite-(CE) from quartz-calcite-chlorite veins in phyllite of the opava mountains (SW Poland)},

author = { J. Janeczek and K. Szopa and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092224511&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1550&partnerID=40&md5=ae73592f5c8dc1793d445466181a6157},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1550},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {64},

number = {3},

pages = {801-806},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {Ancylite-(Ce) occurs in quartz-calcite-chlorite veins cross cutting the foliation of phyllite in the Dewon Quarry in the foot hills of the Opava Mountains of the eastern Sudetes, south-west Poland. Irregularly shaped grains of ancylite are up to 67 mm long and 22 mm wide. The compositional range of ancylite, determined by electron microprobe, is expressed by the empirical formula: (Sr0.65–0.55Ca0.19–0.14Fe0.03–0.00)∑0.87–0.69 (Ce0.58–0.50Nd0.26–0.22La0.26–0.21Pr0.06–0.05Sm0.05–0.04Gd0.07–0.03Dy0.01–0.00)S1.29–1.05(CO3)2 (OH1.07–0.99F0.22-0.0.06)∑1.29–1.05 0.95–0.93H2O. Ancylite crystallized directly from CO2-rich hydrothermal solutions as the last mineral in the veins following precipitation of calcite. The solution temperature, estimated using various chlorite geothermometres, was in the range of 260–340°C. © 2020, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85084197714,

title = {Comparative petrography and organic geochemistry of different types of organic matter occurring in the outer carpathians rocks},

author = { M. Zielińska and M.J. Fabiańska and D. Więcław and M. Misz-Kennan},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084197714&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1523&partnerID=40&md5=8b0600972d1c38e637a6095411bfd49f},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1523},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {64},

number = {1},

pages = {165-184},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {The characterization of organic matter (OM) in sedimentary rocks is important in many types of biological, geological and environmental research. The integrated use of microscopy and geochemistry, as here, is particularly useful in any attempt to define the origin and evolution of OM in sedimentary basins. The organic petrography and geochemistry different types of allogenic and authigenic OM from the Polish Outer Carpathian (POC) rocks were studied in present study to compare their genetic type, thermal maturity, depositional environment and post-sedimentation processes. Special attention was paid to redeposited coal clasts occurrences. The used techniques show differences in organic matter type originating from various sources. The organic petrography analysis shows that redeposited coal clasts (CC) and terrigenous organic matter (TOM) are composed predominantly of woody material (the gas-prone Type-III kerogen). Similar results were obtained during the Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Moreover, the GC-MS analysis of extracts indicated the additional source of OM, namely planktonic organic matter (POM) with oil-prone kerogen Type-I or II. This OM is in some cases high thermally mature and could potentially has allochthonous origin. The n-alkane, saturated and aromatic biomarker data revealed deposition of this POM in anoxic deltaic or close-shore sedimentary environments whereas the redeposited coal clasts were probably originally deposited in coal swamps as were the Upper Silesian bituminous coals. © 2020, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85071871369,

title = {Carbon‑nitrogen compounds, alcohols, mercaptans, monoterpenes, acetates, aldehydes, ketones, SF6, PH3, and other fire gases in coal-mining waste heaps of Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland) – a re-investigation by means of in situ FTIR external database approach},

author = { Ł. Kruszewski and M.J. Fabiańska and T. Segit and D. Kusy and R. Motyliński and J. Ciesielczuk and E. Deput},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071871369&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2019.134274&partnerID=40&md5=c334029177637c4cd46f04373534b254},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134274},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {698},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Coal-fire gas jets emanating from waste heaps are chemically very complex and variable mixtures, as proved by our former studies. The current paper is a result of further exploration of the GASMET FTIR system via an iterative external databases search. This allowed to pinpoint a number of subsequent chemicals, both in terms of (semi)quantitative analysis and occurrence probability (fit). Some compounds represent new finds. The most likely candidates found, with fit often >90%, are C–N compounds – especially hydrogen cyanide and isocyanic acid; acetylene, various alcohols, monoterpenes, formic acid. Acetaldehyde is the most common aldehyde, followed by 2-ethylhexylaldehyde. Tetrachloroethylene quite commonly occurs, but with worse fit values. An interesting find concerns methane- and ethanethiol being enriched at a vent with an intense and cumulative sulfur (S8) mineralization. Other less frequent or worse fit compounds include arenes, COS, some alcohol derivatives, other aldehydes, hydrocarbons, nitriles (acrylonitrile), ketones, acetates, ethers, acetone, acrolein (propenal), triethylamine, and methyl metacrylate. Important and relatively frequent inorganic gas is PH3, while SF6 is very rare. However, the occurrence of the later seems to be a very important discovery: SF6 is recognized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as the most potent greenhouse gas. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85074302005,

title = {Adsorption of Eu(III) onto bentonite and phyllite: A comparative study},

author = { J. Kyzioł-Komosińska and J. Janeczek and T. Krzykawski and M.J. Fabiańska and A. Matuszewska and A. Dzieniszewska and E. Teper and M. Pająk and N. Sawicka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074302005&doi=10.1016%2fj.clay.2019.105330&partnerID=40&md5=8dbb170b69e50a5def0bb809e6ba37c9},

doi = {10.1016/j.clay.2019.105330},

issn = {01691317},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Applied Clay Science},

volume = {183},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Disposal of radioactive wastes in underground repositories necessitates knowledge on adsorption and mobility of radionuclides in host rocks (geologic barrier) and in engineered barriers, including clay barrier. The batch adsorption of Eu(III) (a homologue for trivalent radionuclides) onto phyllite compared to bentonite was studied as a function of solution pH (4.5 and 7.0), solution to clay rock ratio (10:1; 100:1; 500:1 and 1000:1), and various Eu(III) concentrations (0.01–190 mg/L; 0.658 × 10−7–1.25 × 10−3 M). The experimental data were interpreted using the isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Tóth, and Sips. Adsorption/desorption experiments and bonding strength calculations showed that the adsorption behavior depends on the mineral composition of sorbents, solution pH, the initial concentration of Eu(III), and liquid: solution ratio (L:S). The cation exchange within the interlayer space of montmorillonite is the main adsorption mechanism in bentonite. Cation exchange on the minerals surface, chemical reactions leading to the precipitation of new phases, the electrostatic effect at a low initial concentration of Eu (III), and pH > pHPZC are adsorption mechanisms in phyllites. Solution pH has a pronounced effect on the Eu(III) adsorption onto phyllite due to surface protonation. Fe-oxides and hydroxides play a significant role in the adsorption/desorption of Eu(III) on phyllites. The best fitting was obtained for three-parameter isotherm models of Sips and Tóth. The mechanism of Eu(III) binding is complex and does not follow the ideal monolayer adsorption. While the maximum adsorption capacity of phyllite is 2.5 to 6.6 times lower than of bentonite, depending on the solution pH, it is high enough to guarantee efficacious and durable removal of actinides from the contaminated solutions, particularly at their low concentrations. Phyllites adsorption and mechanical properties make them suitable additives to bentonite in a clay barrier. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85050625053,

title = {Environmental influence of gaseous emissions from self-heating coal waste dumps in Silesia, Poland},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and J. Ciesielczuk and Á. Nádudvari and M. Misz-Kennan and A. Kowalski and Ł. Kruszewski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050625053&doi=10.1007%2fs10653-018-0153-5&partnerID=40&md5=c5a0b38aa7c4f20c4547fc77791043de},

doi = {10.1007/s10653-018-0153-5},

issn = {02694042},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Geochemistry and Health},

volume = {41},

number = {2},

pages = {575-601},

publisher = {Springer Netherlands},

abstract = {Gaseous emissions from seven self-heating coal waste dumps in two large coal mining basins, Upper and Lower Silesia (Poland), were investigated by gas chromatography (GC-FID/TCD), and the results were correlated with on-site thermal activity, stage of self-heating as assessed by thermal mapping, efflorescences, and surface and subsurface temperatures. Though typical gases at sites without thermal activity are dominated by atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen, methane and carbon dioxide are present in concentrations that many times exceed atmospheric values. On average, their concentrations are 42.7–7160 ppm, respectively. These are levels considered harmful to health and show that coal waste fire can be dangerous for some years after extinction. At thermally active sites, concentrations of CH 4 and CO 2 are much higher and reach 5640–51,976 ppm (aver.), respectively. A good substrate–product correlation between CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations indicates rapid in-dump CH 4 oxidation with only insignificant amounts of CO formed. Other gas components include hydrogen, and C 3 –C 6 saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Decreasing oxygen content in the gases is temperature-dependent, and O 2 removal rapidly increased at > 70 °C. Emission differences between both basins are minor and most probably reflect the higher maturity of coal waste organic matter in the Lower Silesia dumps causing its higher resistance to temperature, or/and a higher degree of overburning there. © 2018, The Author(s).},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85056181958,

title = {Occurrence of organic phosphates in particulate matter of the vehicle exhausts and outdoor environment – A case study},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and B. Kozielska and J. Konieczyński and P. Bielaczyc},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056181958&doi=10.1016%2fj.envpol.2018.10.060&partnerID=40&md5=63bbad6b8234e69b1a3e0fc514b1e0bc},

doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.060},

issn = {02697491},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Pollution},

volume = {244},

pages = {351-360},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The occurrence and concentrations of a wide range of organic phosphates (OPEs) in vehicle's exhaust (VPM), ambient air particulate matter (APM), and soil of various urban environments were researched. VPM comes from passenger cars, commercial vehicles, marine and bus engines emitted in New European Driving Cycle tests whereas APM was sampled in several sites of the Upper Silesia region (Poland). APM and VPM collected on filters and soil from the same locations as APM sampling sites were extracted with dichloromethane and extracts analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The OPEs found include aryl phosphates such as triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and tricresyl phosphate (TCP), alkyl phosphates - triethyl phosphate (TEP), tripropyl phosphate (TPP), tributyl phosphate (TBP) and tri(butoxyethyl)phosphate (TBEP), and alkylchlorinated phosphates including tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCiPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP). Occurrence and concentrations of these compounds in the PM investigated are highly variable. It was found that total concentrations in APM are directly related to traffic density in particular sites of the urban environment and a style of a vehicle driving. The highest emission of OPEs was found at a crossroad and city center sites where traffic is the densest and vehicles stops and starts are frequent. Village and residential areas were less exposed to OPEs emission. Since OPEs concentrations show exponential correlations to each other also human exposure to these compounds increases exponentially with increasing traffic density. High TEP and TBP level is tentatively proposed as an indicator of emission from petrol-fueled cars. Concentrations of OPEs in some soil are related to their emission to the air and resistance to degradation of a particular compound since only the most resistant TCiPP and TPhP were identified in soil extracts. Occurrence, distribution, and concentrations of organic phosphates in the ambient air of the different sites of the urban environment are related to emission from traffic sources. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85048466545,

title = {First multi-tool exploration of a gas-condensate-pyrolysate system from the environment of burning coal mine heaps: An in situ FTIR and laboratory GC and PXRD study based on Upper Silesian materials},

author = { Ł. Kruszewski and M.J. Fabiańska and J. Ciesielczuk and T. Segit and R. Orłowski and R. Motyliński and D. Kusy and I. Moszumańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048466545&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2018.05.319&partnerID=40&md5=f703cc98ca054eaf3b9ba10e279a8e08},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.319},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {640-641},

pages = {1044-1071},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {A methodological approach to the complex geochemical analysis of the coal fire in burning coal mine heaps (BCMH) of Upper Silesian Coal Basin has been developed. The other approach used is gas chromatography and indicatory tubes. Powder X-Ray Diffraction is applied for phase analysis to determine the species composition of mineral condensates present within and around gas flues. The gas compositions are proved to be extremely variable, when comparing both different BCMH and flues or flue zones of the same heaps. One outstanding determination concerns GeCl4, found in most samples often in large quantities. No evident dependence between the gas and mineral condensate compositions is found: N-rich condensates may but do not have to be associated with NH3-, pyridine-, or NOx-rich gases. This is also true for S-rich and Cl-rich mineralization in connection with gases of SO2, H2S, OCS, CS2, thiophene, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, HCl, and various halogenated hydrocarbons. Fluorine is rarely present as HF, whereas SiF4 occurs more frequently and in much larger quantities. AsH3 is mainly a trace gas but may locally be enriched. Besides the common gases, a number of trace gases is also determined based on residual FTIR spectra. Those with the highest presence chance include cyanogen isocyanate, cyanogen N-oxide, (iso)cyanic acid, c-cyanomethanimine (ethylenediimine), isocyanatomethane, iodocyanoacetylene, acetonitrile, acetaldehyde, m-hydroxybenzonitrile (m-cyanophenol), isonitrosyl chloride, nitrosyl isocyanide, difluorosilane, pentacene, triphenylene, thiazolidine, cyclohexane, and a trinitrenetriazine. The occurrence of some metals and semimetals (e.g.; Al; Mg; Ga) as neutral hydroxides, suggested by other authors to occur in natural gases, is possibly confirmed. The presence of trace metal carbonyls, nitrosyls and hydrides is also possible. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85051378352,

title = {Structure and thermal history of the Wełnowiec dump, Poland: A municipal dump rehabilitated with coal waste},

author = { J. Pierwoła and J. Ciesielczuk and M. Misz-Kennan and M.J. Fabiańska and A. Bielińska and Ł. Kruszewski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051378352&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2018.08.001&partnerID=40&md5=04ae0b1504fae85304c8c56dd8fb34be},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2018.08.001},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {197},

pages = {1-19},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The Wełnowiec municipal dump, Katowice, Poland, rehabilitated with coal waste, is self-heating and igniting. This paper presents a novel application of the use of electrical- and resistivity geophysical methods in the investigation of burning coal waste to help explain why the heating occurred. Geoelectrical methods allowed the internal structure of the dump to be revealed, and the municipal wastes and their rehabilitation cover containing coal waste to be differentiated. Instead of a planned 2.2-m-thick multi-barrier system, the cover consists of irregularly distributed material of varying thickness (<1 to 8 m) and organic carbon content (>5%). This caused the fire to arise 3–4 years after the coal waste deposition. In areas where the rehabilitation layer is <3 m thick, a landslide enabled oxygen access, initiating self-heating. Changes in conductivity clearly identify sites of active burning where measured conductivity values are more than twice those for parts of the dump with no thermal activity. Field observations in particular, complemented to a degree by petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical data, enabled four types of heating zones to be distinguished, namely, (1) initial zones of fire overtaking new volumes of coal waste, (2) active zones with temperatures < 400–500 °C in exhalation vents, (3) overburned zones characterized by long-lasting high temperatures (800-900 °C) and (4) short-lived zones, ephemeral (<1–2 months) with temperatures between 70 and 100 °C. The geophysical methods applied could not distinguish between these zones. The combined results strongly suggest that the use of coal waste as a remediation layer covering waste dumps should be prohibited. Coal waste which, by its nature, is too prone to unpredictable self-heating and self-ignition with the potential environmental consequences that follow. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85051625696,

title = {Application of organic environmental markers in the assessment of recent and fossil organic matter input in coal wastes and river sediments: A case study from the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (Poland)},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and L. Marynowski and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051625696&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2018.07.012&partnerID=40&md5=9d11f7bdcd8d443e2f69d4c29a115f31},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2018.07.012},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {196},

pages = {302-316},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Various types of coal waste material (fresh; self-heated; soil-covered) and river sediments polluted by coal dust were studied. Characteristic geochemical features of recent vegetation input in river sediments were identified, e.g. the dominance of n-alkanols and n-alkanoic acids over n-alkanes. In the river sediments, several coal-related compounds were also found, e.g. n-alkylbenzenes, acetophenone and methylated phenols. The occurrence of sterols, stanols, vanillin, and methylbenzoic, benzeneacetic, oxalic, succinic and levulinic acids in coal waste samples (with the exception of fresh coal wastes) may indicate primitive soil-forming processes related to vegetation and moss cover. These compounds were also commonly identified in river sediments. Their distribution, characteristic of extant (as opposed to fossil) organic matter, was confirmed by several applied geochemical ratios, such as the EOP index (even-over-odd predominance) of fatty acids, (Σn-alkanoic acid + Σlong chain n-alkanes)/Σshort chain n-alkanes or (Σn-alkanoic acids + Σn-alkanols)/Σn-alkanes and various CPI (carbon preference indexes of n-alkanes). © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85042229293,

title = {Distribution of coal and coal combustion related organic pollutants in the environment of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and M.J. Fabiańska and L. Marynowski and B. Kozielska and J. Konieczyński and D. Smołka-Danielowska and S.R. Ćmiel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042229293&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2018.02.092&partnerID=40&md5=3b5271907fc1892434654c77fe63435b},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.092},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {628-629},

pages = {1462-1488},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {In this study, a large sample set (276) was separated into up to 15 groups, including coal, fly ash, total particulate matter, coal wastes, river sediments, and different water types. Grouping the sample set into these categories helped to identify the typical features of combustion or water-washing and compare them using newly developed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diagnostic ratios. A wide range of organic pollutants were identified in samples, including aromatic and polycyclic hydrocarbons, nitrogen-heterocycles, sulphur-heterocycles + trithiolane, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons substituted with oxygen functional groups. The distribution of compounds was significantly influenced by water washing or combustion. During the self-heating of coal wastes, secondary compounds such as chlorinated aromatics (chlorobenzene; chloroanthracene; etc.) or light sulphur compounds (e.g. benzenethiol and benzo[b]thiophene) were formed (synthesised). Since these compounds are generally absent in sedimentary organic matter, their origin may be connected with high-temperature formation in burning coal dumps. These compounds should be identified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment. The newly defined diagnostic ratios have worked well in separating samples (petrogenic and pyrogenic) and have pointed out the effect of incomplete combustion on self-heated coal waste, ash from domestic furnaces, or water washing and biodegradation of the studied compounds. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {36},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85064625238,

title = {Mineralogy and organic geochemistry of phyllite from the dewon–pokrzywna deposit, the opava mountains (SW Poland)},

author = { N. Sawicka and J. Janeczek and M.J. Fabiańska and K. Bahranowski and T. Krzykawski and A. Matuszewska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064625238&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1439&partnerID=40&md5=444ebf986d868924057862ff85588051},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1439},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {62},

number = {4},

pages = {817-828},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {Phyllites from the Dewon–Pokrzywna deposit in the Opava Mts., SW Poland, were investigated by XRD (Rietveld method), XRF, EPMA, SEM, and ATR-FTIR from the perspective of their potential usage as a buffer and/or backfill material in a geological repository of radioactive waste. Organic matter dispersed in the phyllite matrix was analysed by GC-MS. Fine-grained Mg-Fe-muscovite (13 to 29 wt.%), Fe-ripidolite (10 to 25 wt.%), detrital quartz (20 to 46 wt.%), and albite (7 to 28 wt.%) ± microcline, illite or illite/smectite, and kaolinite are major minerals in phyllite samples. The chlorite/muscovite ratio ranges from 0.65 to 1.1. Mg-annite inherited from the precursor rock is a minor constituent. Detrital ilmenite is a dominant accessory mineral. Ancylite-(Ce) occurs in quartz-calcite-ripidolite veins. Two types of phyllite have been distinguished based on the proportion of phyllosilicates to silt fraction: argillaceous (47 to 55 wt.% phyllosilicates) and silt-rich (28 wt.% phyllosilicates). Argillaceous phyllite shows elevated content of alumina and moderate concentration of silica. It is highly enriched in Fe compared to phyllites from other localities worldwide. The BET specific surface area of argillaceous phyllite ranges from 1.73 to 3.64 m2/g. Whole-rock chemical composition, mineral assemblages, chlorite geothermometry, and the occurrence of aliphatic hydrocarbons suggest that argillaceous phyllite originated from a pelagic pelite protolith under low-temperature (260–370°C) greenschist to subgreenschist facies conditions. Persistent biomarkers are indicative of bacterial degradation of planktonic organic matter suspended in a high water column. Enrichment in Fe-rich chlorite and Mg,Fe-muscovite, low volume of interconnected pores with dominant mesopores suggest that argillaceous phyllite from the Dewon–Pokrzywna deposit is a potential candidate for a buffer and/or backfill material. © 2018, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85033486245,

title = {Thermal history of coal wastes reflected in their organic geochemistry and petrography; the case study: The Katowice-Wełnowiec dump, Poland},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and M. Misz-Kennan and J. Ciesielczuk and J. Pierwoła and N. Nitecka and J. Brzoznowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85033486245&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2017.10.008&partnerID=40&md5=4cbc642d5c1d5e4a020c17b6ab6e73eb},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2017.10.008},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {184},

pages = {11-26},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85018485703,

title = {Differences in the Occurrence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Geochemical Markers in the Dust Emitted from Various Coal-Fired Boilers},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and B. Kozielska and J. Konieczyński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018485703&doi=10.1021%2facs.energyfuels.6b03030&partnerID=40&md5=2b6f21b59300e9cf46b1ef0536b16eab},

doi = {10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03030},

issn = {08870624},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Energy and Fuels},

volume = {31},

number = {3},

pages = {2585-2595},

publisher = {American Chemical Society},

abstract = {Organic compounds occurring in emitted fly ashes from bituminous coal and bituminous coal and biomass combustion in various boilers were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was applied to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for geochemical markers, such as n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, steranes, pentacyclic triterpenoids (hopanes and moretanes), alkyl PAHs, and biomass markers. It was found that distributions of geochemical markers and presence are well preserved in fly ash. Particularly in fly ash from boilers of older types, thermal changes are small and mainly affect compounds of low molecular weight whereas, in fly ash from a fluidized bed combustion boiler, most geochemical markers were destroyed. It is possible that high molecular weight compounds survived the high temperature process when adsorbed in unburned or coked coal and/or biomass particles included in the dust emitted. PAH group profiles were made, while PAHs diagnostic indices and geochemical marker ratios were calculated and compared with literature data. Fly ash from coal and biomass combustion contains the highest PAH concentrations and shows the highest values of toxic equivalence (TEQ) factors among all boilers investigated. The results indicate that, whereas the distributions and ratios of geochemical markers are close to those of bituminous coals and can be applied to indicate source fuels in particulate matter, there are high differences between the values of diagnostic ratios found in this project and literature data. This indicates that PAH diagnostic ratios should be applied with care and confirmed by other data, e.g., those from geochemical markers, which may be recommended for research on the type of emission sources of particulate matter into the air. © 2017 American Chemical Society.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84981747767,

title = {Use of geochemical analysis and vitrinite reflectance to assess different self-heating processes in coal-waste dumps (Upper Silesia, Poland)},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84981747767&doi=10.1016%2fj.fuel.2016.04.129&partnerID=40&md5=324d0b4794a36a271b29fedd4516315f},

doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.129},

issn = {00162361},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Fuel},

volume = {181},

pages = {102-119},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Coal-waste dumps are sources of a variety of pollutants, especially when coal-waste material undergoes self-heating. For this research, representative samples were taken from four dumps (Wełnowiec; Czerwionka-Leszczyny; Rymer and Anna) in the Rybnik region. The set of samples collected were divided into three subsets, namely, (1) expelled bitumen precipitated on coal waste, (2) thermally-affected coal waste and (3) highly-thermally affected coal waste from active- and inactive sites. To assess the characteristic features and impacts of self-heating, Rock Eval pyrolysis, measured random vitrinite reflectance (Rr %) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) of coal waste extracts were applied. Typical features of the bitumen expelled are elevated parameters of S1, PI, BI, and Py. Generally, the bitumen appeared at lower Tmax values. The self-heating in oxygen deficiency, i.e. under pyrolytic conditions caused thermal cracking of organic matter. Later the generated bitumen expelled from the self-heating zone, migrated and accumulated on colder coal-waste surfaces. This expelled bitumen, observed under fluorescence, shows irregular shapes and coats the organic particles with yellowish–greenish colours. Migrated bitumen is also found in highly-thermally affected, where Tmax values are extremely high due to the oxidation and maturation of organic matter (overmatured). R0 % values based on HI–Tmax comparison and the measured Rr % values generally well correlate in the burning coal waste and in highly-thermally affected samples. The greatest quantities of phenols (mostly C1–C2) occur in the bituminous subset, samples in which 2–3 ring PAHs also dominate. In addition, high relative percentages of phenols (mostly C1–C2) characterize thermally-affected coal waste, together with heavier pyrolytical PAHs; these samples were closer to the heating zone. In totally burned-out porous waste, the presence of adsorbed short-chain n-alkanes and lighter PAHs, and higher CPI, Pr/n-C17 and Pr/Ph values, reflect migration from an active self-heating zone. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84964990282,

title = {Organic matter in upper Albian marine sediments in the High-Tatric units, central western Carpathians related to Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d-Geochemistry, microfacies and palynology},

author = { K. Bąk and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Bąk and M. Misz-Kennan and M. Zielińska and P. Dulemba and T. Bryndal and B. Naglik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964990282&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2016.04.041&partnerID=40&md5=7c172e531fd8ecd7b45e8d565ff8c2b8},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.04.041},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {454},

pages = {212-227},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {A multidisciplinary study of upper Albian hemipelagic sediments related to the Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d (OAE1d) from the High-Tatric units (central western Carpathians; Polish part of the Tatra Mountains) was undertaken to characterize organic matter (OM) and to investigate its origin. Microfacies and palynological records combined with mineralogical and geochemical data from these sediments show the occurrence of both marine and land-derived OM in the limestone and marl successions whose deposition corresponds to the Parathalmanninella apenninica Zone in the late Albian. Both types of OM were strongly degraded under the oxic conditions that prevailed during the entire time of their deposition. The sedimentation of marls with low contents of total organic carbon (< 0.24%), dominated by land-derived OM, occurred during the final phase of OAE1d. It was probably related to a sudden change in the circulation pattern at the margins of the Tatric-Zliechov sedimentary basin connected with a sea-level rise. The coastal upwelling along the Tatric Ridge that prevailed during the early late Albian gradually weakened or disappeared and was replaced by a downwelling current flowing from the shallow parts of the basin that transported land-derived OM from nearshore coastal plains. © 2016 Elsevier B.V..},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84963614763,

title = {Preservation of coal-waste geochemical markers in vegetation and soil on self-heating coal-waste dumps in Silesia, Poland},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and J. Ciesielczuk and M. Misz-Kennan and Ł. Kruszewski and A. Kowalski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963614763&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemer.2016.04.001&partnerID=40&md5=0b24dd1474c436ed0f636c5e3a262ef4},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemer.2016.04.001},

issn = {00092819},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Chemie der Erde},

volume = {76},

number = {2},

pages = {211-226},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {Occurrence and distributions of geochemical markers on vegetation and in soils covering two self-heating coal waste dumps were investigated with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and compared with those of bitumen expelled on the coal waste dump surface. Presence of biomarkers, alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and such polar compounds as phenols indicate that components of self-heating coal wastes indeed migrate to soils and plants surface and their characteristic fingerprints can be applied in passive monitoring to investigate migration of contaminants from self-heating coal wastes. Moreover, results allow to discriminate between the Upper- and Lower Silesian coal basins, notwithstanding value shifts caused by heating. Mechanisms enabling the migration of geochemical compounds into soils include mixing with weathered coal-waste material, transport in gases emitted due to self-heating and, indirectly, by deposition of biomass containing geochemical substances. Transport in gases involves mostly lighter compounds such as phenols, methylnaphthalenes, methylbiphenyls, etc. Distributions and values of geochemical ratios are related to differences in their boiling temperatures in the case of lighter compounds but preserve geochemical features in the case of heavier compounds such as pentacyclic trierpanes. © 2016 Elsevier GmbH.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84941363609,

title = {Sources of organic pollution in particulate matter and soil of Silesian Agglomeration (Poland): evidence from geochemical markers},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and B. Kozielska and J. Konieczyński and A. Kowalski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84941363609&doi=10.1007%2fs10653-015-9764-2&partnerID=40&md5=3561450f9d9e95d48fb3641122d789bd},

doi = {10.1007/s10653-015-9764-2},

issn = {02694042},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Geochemistry and Health},

volume = {38},

number = {3},

pages = {821-842},

publisher = {Springer Netherlands},

abstract = {The exact input of particular sources to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in urban and industrial agglomerations is still not well recognized. The major breakthrough is possible using geochemical markers. In the air aerosol and soil samples from areas located in the direct influence of industry/traffic in Silesian Agglomeration (Poland), PAHs and other organic compounds were analyzed, including geochemical markers (biomarkers) and polar compounds from fossil fuels and biomass. Gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were applied to investigate the composition of particulate matter and soil extracts. The results suggest that the predominant source of PAHs is fossil fuel. The presence and distribution of steranes, pentacyclic triterpenoids (i.e.; hopanes and moretanes) and alkyl PAHs point to traffic emissions and fossil fuel combustion, mainly bituminous coal for power and heat purposes, as the main source of PAHs in the region. Moreover, the presence of fossil fuel biomarker in particulate matter and soil extracts from a rural site, previously considered to be free of organic pollution, requires a cautious interpretation for PAHs results. Apart from the fossil fuel, also other sources of contamination were identified in particulate matter extracts by their markers: phenols and levoglucosan for biomass and diisopropylnaphthalenes for printing materials combustion. The absence of polar biomass combustion indicators in soil extracts might be related to their higher reactivity. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84952909420,

title = {Geochemical markers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solvent extracts from diesel engine particulate matter},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and B. Kozielska and P. Bielaczyc and J. Woodburn and J. Konieczyński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84952909420&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-015-5996-z&partnerID=40&md5=dcad7504b0b3d4b7edab5ae8c2f72cd9},

doi = {10.1007/s11356-015-5996-z},

issn = {09441344},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},

volume = {23},

number = {7},

pages = {6999-7011},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {Exhaust particulate from compression ignition (CI) engines running on engine and chassis dynamometers was studied. Particulate dichloromethane extracts were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and biomarkers by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). PAH group profiles were made and the PAH group shares according to the number of rings (2 or 3; 4; 5 or more) as well as diagnostic indices were calculated. Values of geochemical ratios of selected biomarkers and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons were compared with literature values. A geochemical interpretation was carried out using these values and biomarker and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon distributions. It has been shown that geochemical features are unequivocally connected to the emission of fossil fuels and biofuels burned in CI engines. The effect of the exothermic combustion process is limited to low-molecular-weight compounds, which shows that the applied methodology permits source identification of PAHs coexisting in the particulate emitted. © 2016, The Author(s).},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84961327380,

title = {The impact of water-washing, biodegradation and self-heating processes on coal waste dumps in the Rybnik Industrial Region (Poland)},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84961327380&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2016.01.009&partnerID=40&md5=70247ea7c28a7cf2c7659d3b319ff3d6},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2016.01.009},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {154-155},

pages = {286-299},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Water-washing, biodegradation and self-heating impacts on coal waste features were investigated on four sample sets: fresh coal wastes (sampled less than one week after dumping), samples from gullies in coal-waste dumps, self-heated material and Bierawka river sediment mixed with coal/coal-waste particles. Rock Eval pyrolysis, petrography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were applied to assess degree of organic-matter alteration. It was found that water-washing and self-heating did not influence the vitrinite reflectance. Rock-Eval pyrolysis results better reflected the secondary changes in organic matter, namely, S2-TOC and HI-Tmax allowed their extent to be defined. Changes were noted in other geochemical e.g., n-alkane parameters σ2/σ1 increased and n-C23/n-C31 decreased whereas, Pr/Ph, Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18 ratios increased slightly compared to fresh coal waste. The Hunt diagram allows discrimination between water-washed- and biodegraded samples from unaltered, fresh coal waste. Similarly, changes in distributions of phenols, alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) reflect degree of water-washing. Self-heating strongly affects distributions of some biomarkers such as n-alkanes, Pr, and Ph, whereas pentacyclic triterpane distributions were generally well preserved. Phenols occur in greatest amount in self-heated wastes, probably released from heated vitrinite. Domination of 2-3 ring PAH rings indicated the bitumen precipitation zone and well-differentiated burnt-out wastes. Recent organic-matter input is seen in increased CPI (Carbon Preference Index) values. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84947761154,

title = {Coal-related sources of organic contamination in sediments and water from the Bierawka River (Poland)},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84947761154&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2015.11.006&partnerID=40&md5=25b61effa95af227c0af2a310fe73c8f},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2015.11.006},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {152},

pages = {94-109},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {River sediments mixed with coaly material occur all along the length of the Bierawka River (Poland). To identify the origin of the coal in the sediment, the coaly material was investigated by reflected light microscopy and Rock Eval Pyrolysis, and solvent extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Organic compounds dissolved in water were separated by solid phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by GC-MS. The results point to a kerogen III source. Petrographic analyses confirm abundant coal-, charred- and coked particles in the sediments. Vitrinite reflectance varied between 0.66-0.80 Rr% without any large spatial variation. The coaly particles have different sources. Generally, the primary origin of coal particles is from coal processing and the dumping the ash with unburned coal particles from a glass factory near the river source. Later, this material was redeposited along the entire river course. In addition, hard coal processing (crushing-washing) features are visible in larger coal pieces. A second source of coaly organic matter is a coal waste dump at Szczygłowice where intensive erosion of steep slopes has delivered copious amounts of organic matter into the river. The mixing of this organic matter with that from the glass factory is clearly identified on a ternary diagram. PAH distributions also show differences between sections. The coal particle input from the waste dump increased the relative content of naphthalene relative content downstream. As in the coal waste, 4-5 ring PAHs predominate in the sediments. The pyrogenic origin of PAHs and aromatic compounds such as methylbiphenyls and dibenzofurane in the sediment is indicated by diagnostic PAH ratios; burned particles were identified petrographically. The river water contains only 2-3 ring PAHs, possibly of industrial origin or leached from coal particles in the river sediments. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84924358375,

title = {Geochemical markers of soil anthropogenic contaminants in polar scientific stations nearby (Antarctica, King George Island)},

author = { W. Prus and M.J. Fabiańska and R. Łabno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924358375&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2015.02.096&partnerID=40&md5=58d54cbba6afc5b9075c5dd21d403a48},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.096},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {518-519},

pages = {266-279},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {The organic contamination of Antarctic soils and terrestrial sediments from nearby of five polar scientific stations on King George Island (Antarctica) was investigated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to find composition of dichloromethane extracts of soil and terrestrial sediments. The presence of geochemical markers, such as n-alkanes, steranes, pentacyclic triterpenoids, and alkyl PAHs, their distribution types, and values of their ratios indicates the predominating source of organic fossil fuels and products of their refining rather than from the natural Antarctic environment. Fossil fuel-originated compounds well survived in conditions of Antarctic climate over long times thus enabling to characterize geochemical features of source fossil fuel identified as petroleum expelled from kerogen II of algal/bacterial origins deposited in sub-oxic conditions and being in the middle of catagenesis. Both microbial activity and water leaching play an important role in degradation of terrestrial oil spills in the Antarctica climate, and petroleum alteration occurs lowly over long periods of time. Synthetic anthropogenic compounds found in terrestrial Antarctica sediments included diisopropylnaphthalenes, products of their sulfonates degradation in paper combustion, and organophosporus compounds used as retardants and plasticizers. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {28},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85014085847,

title = {Distribution of phenols related to self-heating and water washing on coal-waste dumps and in coaly material from the Bierawka river (Poland)},

author = { Á. Nádudvari and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Misz-Kennan},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014085847&doi=10.1515%2fmipo-2016-0005&partnerID=40&md5=4e2bde5ccd4093b8498a29eb1ee0acac},

doi = {10.1515/mipo-2016-0005},

issn = {18998291},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Mineralogia},

volume = {46},

number = {1-2},

pages = {29-40},

publisher = {De Gruyter Open Ltd},

abstract = {Several types of coal waste (freshly-dumped waste; self-heated waste and waste eroded by rain water), river sediments and river water were sampled. The aim was to identify the types of phenols present on the dumps together with their relative abundances. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of a large number of samples (234) statistically underpin the phenol distributions in the sample sets. The largest average relative contents (1.17-13.3%) of phenols occur in the self-heated samples. In these, relatively high amounts of phenol, C1- and C2-phenols reflect the thermal destruction of vitrinite. In fresh coal waste, C2- and C3-phenols that originated from the bacterial/fungal degradation and oxidation of vitrinite particles are the most common (0.6 rel.%). Water-washed coal waste and water samples contain lower quantities of phenols. In the river sediments, the phenols present are the result of bacterial- or fungal decay of coaly organic matter or are of industrial origin. © 2015 Ádám Nádudvari et al., published by De Gruyter Open.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84897048951,

title = {Mineralogy and geochemistry of coal wastes from the Starzykowiec coal-waste dump (Upper Silesia, Poland)},

author = { J. Ciesielczuk and M. Misz-Kennan and J.C. Hower and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897048951&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2014.02.007&partnerID=40&md5=c60734e7d3995ef970bef47f47b310a2},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2014.02.007},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {127},

pages = {42-55},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Coal wastes, the products of coal processing, deposited on dumps can undergo processes of self-heating and self-ignition, causing endogenic fires. Burning coal waste dumps are dangerous for the environment. The coal dump located at the Chwałowice Coal Mine (Upper Silesian Coal Basin; Poland) represents a long-term fire which affected the organic, mineral, and chemical composition of a huge amount of deposited wastes. Collected samples were divided into groups on the basis of kind, on the amount or absence of organic matter content, and on the basis of mineral-phase composition. Chemical composition of examined samples reveals heating/combustion processes in altered coal wastes. The organic matter present in the coal wastes changes through the following processes, all causing changes in C, N, O, and H content: (1) organic matter oxidation, (2) organic matter devolatilization, and (3) coke formation. Two processes alter the mineral phases and change the chemical composition of the combusting wastes: (4) mineral phase oxidation (e.g. pyrite and marcasite oxidation to Fe2O3) and (5) mineral dehydration (H2O or OH groups are released from clay minerals and micas). The latter are followed by isochemical processes: (6) mineral structure rebuilding while heating (enantiotropic transformations of e.g. SiO2) and (7) metastable phase formation. Processes 6 and 7 can change the chemistry of deposited wastes through (8) the formation of high-temperature minerals in combustion process (e.g. mullite) and (9) mineral crystallization from melt (e.g. indialite). After dump quenching, some minerals can become unstable because of (10) weathering processes. The behavior of trace elements is also strictly connected with the behavior of mineral phases which have undergone the burning processes. Most of them appear to stay unchanged. Moreover, organic matter content does not generally influence their concentration. Although the combustion processes are so spontaneous that their products cannot be predicted in all details, some dependence between chemical composition of the sample and its location within the dump or after burning were found. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {41},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84904401527,

title = {Fossil fuel compounds from fly dust in recent organic matter of southern Poland peats},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and A. Szymczyk and M. Chłapik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904401527&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemer.2013.07.006&partnerID=40&md5=f2644f033abe276b73f085cccc8011e0},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemer.2013.07.006},

issn = {00092819},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Chemie der Erde},

volume = {74},

number = {2},

pages = {237-250},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {Several samples of peat from 6 bogs located in southern Poland were investigated for occurrence and distribution types of biomarkers present in their extractable organic matter fraction. It was found that there are inputs from two different sources of organic compounds differing in their characteristics and origin: (1) recent immature peat organic matter deposited in situ which is the source of all polar functionalized compounds, most of n-alkanes, and acyclic isoprenoids, and (2) mature fossil fuels, most probably bituminous coals from the Upper Silesia Coal Basin of vitrinite reflectance equivalent values of 0.9-1.1%. The latter compounds were most probably transported with fly ash to bogs from nearby settlements utilizing such fuel in domestic ovens. This group includes pentacyclic triterpenoids (hopanes and moretanes), minor amounts of n-alkanes, and numerous alkyl naphthalenes and alkyl phenanthrenes. All these compounds show distributions and values of geochemical ratios characteristic for mature organic matter confirming there ex situ origin. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84884209477,

title = {Gaseous compounds and efflorescences generated in self-heating coal-waste dumps - A case study from the Upper and Lower Silesian Coal Basins (Poland)},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and J. Ciesielczuk and Ł. Kruszewski and M. Misz-Kennan and D.R. Blake and G.B. Stracher and I. Moszumańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884209477&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2013.05.002&partnerID=40&md5=19e363e3897d958a9699db400b7f838b},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2013.05.002},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {116-117},

pages = {247-261},

abstract = {Gases emitted in coal waste self-heating and efflorescences blooming around fissures of coal waste dumps of the Upper and Lower Silesian Coal Basins were investigated. Gas chromatography (GC-FID) and charcoal tubes were applied for gas emissions, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for organic fraction of blooms, and X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy for inorganic efflorescences. The results show that coal waste dump gases contain a wide range of inorganic and organic compounds that are highly variable in their occurrence and concentrations, even in samples from the same dumps or the same coal basin. Chemical composition of self-heating products is related to source organic matter characteristics, composition and amount of coal waste material deposited on individual dumps, time and temperature range of the self-heating, composition and temperature of gas jets and condition variations at different depths. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide dominate in all gases, with additional components such as carbonyl sulphide, carbon disulphide, methane, light n-alkanes, n-alkenes, iso-alkanes, cyclic alkanes, chloroform, and benzene and its alkyl derivatives. Efflorescences blooming at vents and fissures at all sampling sites differ greatly in their phases, amounts, and chemical compositions, with organic blooms including phenanthrene (ravatite), phthalimide (kladnoite), and 9,10-antraquinone (hoelite) found only in one of the dumps. They are accompanied by salammoniac and native sulphur which are ubiquitous at a newly formed vents as in coal waste dumps with long time range of self-heating. Self-heating leads to the synthesis of new components such as unsaturated hydrocarbons, sulphides, chloroform, and phthalimide (kladnoite), for which formation mechanism is proposed in the paper. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {54},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84873996560,

title = {Biomarkers, aromatic hydrocarbons and polar compounds in the Neogene lignites and gangue sediments of the Konin and Turoszów Brown Coal Basins (Poland)},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and S. Kurkiewicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873996560&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2012.11.008&partnerID=40&md5=98c4be1d3a217944d6af40b2941bb78d},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2012.11.008},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {107},

pages = {24-44},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {This paper presents geochemical characteristics of 35 samples of Miocene lignites and gangue sediments (clays) sampled in the Konin and Turoszów Brown Coal Basins (Poland). Lignites belonged to xylitic, detro-xylitic, detritic and fusitic lithotypes. Organic geochemistry of them were investigated using such methods as Rock Eval Pyrolysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of separated aliphatic hydrocarbons, compounds of medium polarity and methyl esters of fatty acids. Flash Pyrolysis/GC-MS was applied for investigation of macromolecular organic matter of the samples. Reflected light microscopy was used to find maceral composition and huminite reflectance. All samples organic matter show immature features well corresponding to its values of huminite reflectance (0.17-0.35%). Rock Eval Tmax values were exceptionally low in all cases (on average 387°C) and they show high differentiation according to the lignite lithotypes, with lowest values for xylites. Also other geochemical features of organic matter are lithotype-dependant such as n-alkanes and fatty acids distributions, many biomarkers presence and distribution types and chemical composition of lignite macromolecular fraction. It was possible to asses dominating sources of organic matter using relative concentrations of three groups of compounds with diterpene, hopane and oleanane molecular structures. Most of Miocene detritic lignites come from monocotyledonic material with some of them containing coniferal detritus like needle leaves. Xylitic lignites come from Podocarpaceae, Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, and Taxodiaceae families what is indicated by diterpenoids and sesquitenoids distribution. Detro-xylitic lignites show intermediate geochemical features between detritic and xylitic lignites. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {58},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84873988153,

title = {Biomarkers and aromatic hydrocarbons in bituminous coals of Upper Silesian Coal Basin: Example from 405 coal seam of the Zaleskie Beds (Poland)},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and S.R. Ćmiel and M. Misz-Kennan},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873988153&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2012.08.003&partnerID=40&md5=a644e35d3adc12c9d158e1b100853593},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2012.08.003},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {107},

pages = {96-111},

abstract = {This paper presents the geochemical characteristics of hard coals from the 405 coal seam found in several mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). The coals, classifying as of medial coalification, types D and C, and as para- and orthobituminous coals, show variable technical, chemical and petrographic properties. Vitrinite reflectance values range from 0.65 to 1.24%, Cdaf from 79.2 to 88.3wt.%, and Vdaf from 23.7 to 37.4wt.%. Maceral composition in all of the coals studied is dominated by vitrinite macerals (43.5-74.0%). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to assess organic-matter sources and ranks, using several biomarker- and aromatic-hydrocarbon parameters. Distributions of n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, diterpenoids, steranes and triaromatic steroids indicate that the organic matter in the coals analysed is derived mostly from terrestrial vascular plants. The biogenic organic matter was deposited mostly in an estuarine/deltaic environment with a normal- to low water level. In a few cases, a marine/lagoonal- or paludal environment is possible. Tetracyclic diterpanes such as phyllocladanes and kauranes, indicators of the Podocarpaceae and Araucariceae families, are explained by proposing input of organic matter deriving from Voltziales plants which may have been able to synthesise these compounds. Biomarker and aromatic-hydrocarbon parameters of thermal maturity in the coals show a clear correlation to vitrinite reflectance values and carbon content, indicating degrees of thermal maturity in the range from early- to advanced catagenesis. Frictional heat related to the Klodnica fault movement caused aberrations in values of aromatic-hydrocarbon maturity parameters in coals sampled <0.5m from the fault plane. In this last context, unchanged reflectance values testify to the more sensitive response of the geochemical parameters when compared to that of commonly applied petrographic parameters. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {38},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84866601102,

title = {Biomarker compounds in ash from coal combustion in domestic furnaces (Upper Silesia Coal Basin, Poland)},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and D. Smołka-Danielowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866601102&doi=10.1016%2fj.fuel.2012.07.012&partnerID=40&md5=1edcf818d89ec0530182a34f4f9b7ea8},

doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2012.07.012},

issn = {00162361},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Fuel},

volume = {102},

pages = {333-344},

abstract = {Organic compounds occurring in coal ash of known mineralogy were investigated. Ash came from two domestic furnaces using bituminous coal from the Upper Silesia Coal Basin. Dichloromethane extracts of ash were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for biomarkers from fuel and formed during combustion. Distributions of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic and polar compounds were researched. Results were compared with those found for power plant coal ash, coal wastes which underwent self-heating and source bituminous coal. It was found that geochemical features of plant coal ash organic matter reflects mainly geochemistry of source bituminous coal. Several groups of biomarkers such as as n-alkanes, steranes and pentacyclic triterpanes show distributions recognizable as coal-deriving what enables to identify source fuel. Values of most biomarker and aromatic hydrocarbon parameters show minor changes due to heat of the combustion process. The most advanced changes are found in distributions of alkylnaphthalenes, pristane, phytane and lighter n-alkanes reflected by values of Pr/Ph, Pr/n-C 17 and Ph/n-C 18 ratios. Much less extensive changes are seen in distributions of pentacyclic triterpanes which make them the most useful biomarker group for source fuel characterisation. Most of biomarkers are probably present in coal ash in unburnt coal particles occurring in ash due to low temperature in domestic furnaces favoring organic matter preservation. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84856707542,

title = {Changes in organic matter of selected Miocene lignites and embedded sediments caused by microbial desulphurisation},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and L. Lewińska-Preis and R. Galimska-Stypa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856707542&doi=10.1016%2fj.fuel.2011.10.013&partnerID=40&md5=f487729f99b72825660109218aa91a01},

doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2011.10.013},

issn = {00162361},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Fuel},

volume = {94},

pages = {586-595},

abstract = {Changes caused by microbial desulphurisation of low-maturity organic matter were investigated. Lignites and embedded sediments (R r ca. 0.20-0.30%) with high organic matter content from the Bełchatów, Turów and Kazimierz open cast mines (Poland) with variable mineral content and belonging to various lithotypes were desulphurised using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Extracts of crude (i.e. not desulphurised) and desulphurisated samples were separated into fractions of aliphatic, aromatic and polar compounds by preparative layer chromatography. Aromatic and aliphatic compound fractions were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). There are several trends in changes in the composition of extracts that roughly correspond to results of biodegradation described for other types of organic matter like crude oils or bituminous coals such as significant decrease in the extract yields of desulphurised coals and a partial or total removal of several compound groups. Distributions and concentrations of n-alkanes are particularly changed, with short-chain compounds n-C 13-n-C 22 affected to the highest extent. Cyclic terpenoids, such as sesquiterpanes and diterpanes, were also removed, even from the xylithe extract composed in 90% of 16α(H)- phyllocladane. Pentacyclic triterpanes distributions were not affected significantly, however their concentrations are lower in most of desulphurised samples than in the crude ones. Biodegradation accompanying desulphurisation shows much lower selectivity than that taking place in the nature. Despite the fact that aliphatic hydrocarbons were not removed from the extracts, aromatic hydrocarbons distributions are strongly affected, with total or partial naphthalene and phenanthrene derivatives removal. The values of geochemical indices are also affected by desulphurisation. The results indicate that microbial desulphurisation can significantly influence organic matter of lower maturity. Thus such changes should be taken into account when the process is considered to be applied in industry. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-80053052781,

title = {Bioelements and mineral matter in human livers from the highly industrialized region of the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (Poland)},

author = { L. Lewińska-Preis and M. Jabłońska and M.J. Fabiańska and A. Kita},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053052781&doi=10.1007%2fs10653-011-9373-7&partnerID=40&md5=393e3346ebc5acc1baacf3bf649a3607},

doi = {10.1007/s10653-011-9373-7},

issn = {02694042},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Geochemistry and Health},

volume = {33},

number = {6},

pages = {595-611},

abstract = {Contents of mineral substance, silica, and a range of bioelements and toxic elements (Mg; Na; K; Ca; Ba; Zn; Cr; P Al; Cd; Mn Cu; Ni; Pb; Sr; Fe) in 38 livers of donors from the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (southern Poland) are presented. Elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) with the exception of silica that was estimated colorimetrically. Concentrations, concentration variability, and correlations between selected liver components determined for the total population are related to donor age, gender, and lesion occurrence. Correlations between particular elements were found using correlation coefficient values and the Fisher transformation. Mineral substance in the livers lies in the range 0.40-5.03 wt%. With increasing donor age, mineral-matter content decreases to a minimum for the 40-60 years of age range. Microbioelement contents show a similar tendency, while microbioelements and toxic elements reach maximum contents in donors aged 60-80 years. All elements show content decreases in livers from the oldest group (>80 years). Silica contents increase with age. Variability of element contents is lowest in the older subpopulations. Livers with lesions show lower element contents and variability. The results are compared to literature data for regions of Poland assumed to be of low pollution and to data from comparable regions in Japan and Hungary. Up to our knowledge, this paper is the first work describing the total contents, as distinct from contents of selected elements, of mineral substance in human livers. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-80053617896,

title = {Application of organic petrology and geochemistry to coal waste studies},

author = { M. Misz-Kennan and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053617896&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2011.07.001&partnerID=40&md5=5970353d61ba8c91af0d1b3e752e4337},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2011.07.001},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {88},

number = {1},

pages = {1-23},

abstract = {Coal wastes produced during mining activities are commonly deposited in nearby dumps. These wastes mostly composed of minerals and variable amounts (usually 20-30%) of organic matter start to weather immediately after deposition. Oxidation of the organic matter can lead to self heating and self combustion as a result of organic and mineral matter transformations. The degree of alteration depends on the properties of the wastes, i.e., the maceral and microlithotype composition of the organic matter and its rank.Alteration of wastes also depends on the heating history, i.e., the rate of heating, final heating temperature, duration of heating, and the degree of air access. Although air is probably necessary to initiate and drive the heating processes, these usually take place under relatively oxygen depleted conditions. With slow heating, color of organic matter particles changes, irregular cracks and oxidation rims develop around edges and cracks, and bitumen is expelled. As a result, massive and detritic isotropic and strongly altered organic matter forms. On the other hand, higher heating rates cause the formation of devolatilization pores, oxidation rims around these pores and along cracks, vitrinite-bands-mantling particles, and bitumen expulsions.Organic compounds generated from the wastes include n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, alkylcyclohexanes, acyclic isoprenoids, mainly pristane, phytane and, in some cases, farnesane, sesquiterpanes, tri- and tetracyclic diterpanes, tri- and pentacyclic triterpanes, and steranes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (mostly with two- to five rings; rarely six rings), and phenols. The compounds formed change during the heating history. The fact that phenols are found in dumps where heating has not yet been completed, but are absent in those where heating ceased previously suggests the presence of water washing. The organic compounds formed may migrate within the dumps. However, when they migrate out of the dumps, they become a hazard to environment.This paper is a review on transformations of organic matter (both maceral composition and reflectance and chemical composition) in coal wastes deposited in coal waste dumps. Immediately after deposition the wastes are exposed to weathering conditions and sometimes undergo self heating processes. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {68},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77956186890,

title = {Simulated water-washing of organic compounds from self-heated coal wastes of the Rymer Cones Dump (Upper Silesia Coal Region, Poland)},

author = { U. Skręt and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Misz-Kennan},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956186890&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2010.04.010&partnerID=40&md5=0f1b2206b372f03ffcdaa0161ab129e0},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.04.010},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {41},

number = {9},

pages = {1009-1012},

abstract = {The products of coal waste self-heating were investigated as potential contaminants of groundwater. Simulated water-washing was carried out to establish the types of compounds leached from coal wastes. The results indicate that it is primarily phenols, hydroxybiphenyls, anilines, quinolines and lower molecular weight (MW) polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are transferred to the water phase. Compounds retaining the molecular structure of a parent-lignin coniferyl unit seem to be good indicators of pyrolysate component leaching. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77950628980,

title = {Thermal transformation of organic matter in coal waste from Rymer Cones (Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland)},

author = { M. Misz-Kennan and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77950628980&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2009.08.009&partnerID=40&md5=020a5fec182353a33e7fab6893f82a7c},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.009},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {81},

number = {4},

pages = {343-358},

abstract = {Coal wastes produced at various stages of coal mining, washing and deposition on dumps are a source of many pollutants. In some cases, the dumped coal waste undergoes self-heating and self-combustion processes that reflect the properties of the organic matter present (maceral composition and rank) and the history of heating (rate; time and temperature of heating). In the examination of the coal wastes from the Rymer Cones dump, petrographic- and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques were used to provide different sets of complementary data. Unaltered- and variably-altered macerals (mostly vitrinite) characterise the investigated material. Vitrinite of elevated reflectance and massive coke particles indicate that the rate of heating was low and that the availability of air was very limited; heating took place under pyrolytic conditions. Irregular cracks in particles probably also resulted from slow heating. The temperature of the heating processes, dynamically changing in time and place throughout the dump, led to chemical changes in organic matter such as the formation of phenols and their derivatives, and alteration in distributions of n-alkanes, hopanes and moretanes and polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurring in pyrolysates. Some of these compounds formed as a result of the thermal destruction of liptinite and vitrinite macerals at various temperatures and migrated from within the dump. The changes that occurred within the dump are also reflected in values of geochemical parameters based on the same compounds, such as CPI, Ts/(Ts. +. Tm), MNR, DNR, TNR-1, TNR-2. Lighter compounds were probably released into the atmosphere and others, especially phenols that are easily soluble in water and PAHs, were most probably leached into deeper parts of the dump and even into underground waters since they are absent in some samples or significantly decreased in concentration. These processes probably still continue - it is this fact that creates a potential hazard to the environment. © 2009 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {59},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77951269050,

title = {Geochemical characteristics of organic matter in the Lower Palaeozoic rocks of the Peribaltic Syneclise (Poland)},

author = { U. Skręt and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951269050&doi=10.2343%2fgeochemj.1.0034&partnerID=40&md5=a6eeae0a71d2403f0f021462991c4d10},

doi = {10.2343/geochemj.1.0034},

issn = {00167002},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Geochemical Journal},

volume = {43},

number = {5},

pages = {343-369},

abstract = {Organic matter occurring in Lower Palaeozoic rocks of variable lithology was investigated for its origin, depositional environment and thermal maturity. Samples from nine boreholes located in the Polish part of the Peribaltic Syneclise were collected for performing Rock-Eval Analysis, palynological investigation for Thermal Alteration Index (TAI), solvent extraction, preparative layer chromatography (PLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of aliphatic and aromatic compound fractions. It was found that kerogen belongs to either type I or commonly, to type II. It derives from variable, planktonic and planktonic-bacterial primary organic matter deposited in dysoxic environments in the eastern part of the Syneclise and in anoxic/suboxic conditions in the western and central parts. Organic matter is in the thermal evolution stage from late diagenesis to advanced metagenesis. Correlation of biomarker parameters, TAI and Rock-Eval results show that the thermal maturity of organic matter falls into three regional groups, increasing from the north-east to the south-west along the crystalline basement of the Eastern European Platform. The organic matter contained in Ordovician and Cambrian sediments of the western part of the Syneclise is overmature, reaching metagenesis. This is most probably related to the activity of the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone, where the Baltica and Eastern Avalonia paleocontinents collided during the Late Ordovician. It is also reflected in the profiles by elevated values of aromatic hydrocarbon and sulphur compound parameters, which show the highest levels of thermal maturity for organic matter present in the sediments of the Ordovician and Lower Silurian. Local influence of igneous intrusions on organic matter is also visible in changes in thermal maturity values at the direct contact with diabase dykes. Copyright © 2009 by The Geochemical Society of Japan.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-70449523104,

title = {Geochemical distribution of trace elements in Kaffioyra and Longyearbyen coals, Spitsbergen, Norway},

author = { L. Lewińska-Preis and M.J. Fabiańska and S.R. Ćmiel and A. Kita},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70449523104&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2009.09.007&partnerID=40&md5=857d1645be97614648352d4872c38bed},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2009.09.007},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {80},

number = {3-4},

pages = {211-223},

abstract = {Paleogene bituminous coals of low rank (Raver = 0.63 and 0.69%; respectively) occurring in two Spitsbergen (Norway) regions: Longyearbyen and Kaffioyra, were analyzed to find occurrence and distribution of the following trace elements: Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used for ash derived from combusted coals, their extracts, and macromolecular fractions. Trace element concentrations were investigated to find occurrence variability and a degree of trace element affinity to organic and inorganic coal fraction in the coals from both regions. Maceral and elemental composition of these coals was also determined. Kaffioyra and Longyearbyen coals show significant differences in the composition of their organic and mineral matter, reflected both in petrographic properties and elemental compositions. The Kaffioyra coals are characterized by higher contents of vitrinite group macerals, lower contents of inetrinite group macerals, and lower concentrations of carbon, hydrogen, and sulphur. The Kaffioyra coals show higher content of clay minerals and carbonates than the Longyearbyen coals. Trace element contents in ash of coals from both Spitsbergen regions are below the average contents of these elements in the world's bituminous coals. Coals of both regions differ in trace element concentration and their occurrence variability. The main carrier of trace elements in coals of both regions is ash of biogenetic and sorptive origin while in the range of high concentrations of trace elements terrigenic input also plays an important role. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {53},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-75349100442,

title = {Biological markers and stable carbon isotope studies of bitumen impregnating quaternary sediments at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine)},

author = { M.J. Kotarba and M.J. Fabiańska and D. Więcław and A. Kowalski and H. Zych},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-75349100442&partnerID=40&md5=2d63ebd8011bd03180ab5d48085b1b74},

issn = {02089068},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae},

volume = {79},

number = {3},

pages = {463-480},

publisher = {Geological Society of Poland},

abstract = {Biological markers and stable carbon isotopic compositions of bitumen impregnating the Pleistocene and Holocene sediments around the Starunia palaeontological site (Carpathian region; Ukraine) near discovered remnants of a mammoth and three woolly rhinoceroses, and one almost completely preserved rhinoceros carcass found in 1907 and 1929, were investigated. The research was carried out to assess genetic connections between the bitumen and oils from the nearby deep accumulations of the Boryslav-Pokuttya and Skyba units of the Carpa- thians. Another aim of these geochemical studies was to reveal the secondary geochemical processes (oxidation and biodegradation) influencing the bitumen, and to determine which environments have been favourable or unfavourable for the preservation of large Pleistocene vertebrates. Bitumen included within the near-surface rocks are not genetically connected with residual organic matter present in Quaternary sediments. Geochemical features, such as distributions of pentacyclic triterpanes and steranes, biomarker parameters and isotope composition indicate that all bitumens originate from oil-prone, Type II kerogen with insignificant admixture of terrestrial Type III kerogen in the middle stage of catagenesis. The oils occurring in deep accumulations in the Starunia area were the sole source of bitumen found in the near-surface sediments. Input of immature organic matter to bitumen from Pleistocene and Holocene sediments has not been found. The main factors differentiating the bitumen were: biodegradation, water washing and/or weathering. Additional influence of transport of bitumen by brine was found. The most favourable conditions for preservation of large, extinct mammals within the Pleistocene muds exist in the vicinity of Nos 22 and 23 boreholes, where bitumen is best preserved. The worst conditions were found in the vicinity of Nos 1, 4, 4' and 15 boreholes. Intensification of biodegradation and weathering effects were followed by intensive, chaotic changes of the remnants of large Pleistocene mammals.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-63149143198,

title = {Levoglucosan and other cellulose and lignin markers in emissions from burning of Miocene lignites},

author = { D. Fabbri and C. Torri and B.R.T. Simoneit and L. Marynowski and A.I. Rushdi and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-63149143198&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2009.01.030&partnerID=40&md5=3d7b2e2148ea4b4ef02fe936889f4e0c},

doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.030},

issn = {13522310},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Atmospheric Environment},

volume = {43},

number = {14},

pages = {2286-2295},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Levoglucosan (L), mannosan (M), galactosan (G) and other cellulose and lignin markers from burn tests of Miocene lignites of Poland were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to assess their distributions and concentrations in the smoke. Their distributions were compared to those in the pyrolysis products of the lignites. Levoglucosan and other anhydrosaccharides are products from the thermal degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose and are commonly used as tracers for wood smoke in the atmosphere. Here we report emission factors of levoglucosan in smoke particulate matter from burning of lignite varying from 713 to 2154 mg kg-1, which are similar to those from burning of extant plant biomass. Solvent extracts of the lignites revealed trace concentrations of native levoglucosan (0.52-3.7 mg kg-1), while pyrolysis yielded much higher levels (1.6-3.5 × 104 mg kg-1), indicating that essentially all levoglucosan in particulate matter of lignite smoke is derived from cellulose degradation. The results demonstrate that burning of lignites is an additional input of levoglucosan to the atmosphere in regions where brown coal is utilized as a domestic fuel. Interestingly, galactosan, another tracer from biomass burning, is not emitted in lignite smoke and mannosan is emitted at relatively low concentrations, ranging from 7.8 to 70.5 mg kg-1. Thus, we propose L/M and L/(M + G) ratios as discriminators between products from combustion of lignites and extant biomass. In addition, other compounds, such as shonanin, belonging to lignans, and some saccharides, e.g., α- and β-glucose and cellobiose, are reported for the first time in extracts of bulk lignites and of smoke particulate matter from burning these lignites. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {159},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-47749119124,

title = {Geochemical features of re-deposited organic matter occurring in fluvioglacial sediments in the Racibórz region (Poland): A case study},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and K. Miotliński and A. Kowalczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-47749119124&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemgeo.2008.05.003&partnerID=40&md5=d0e5c23746674e2d9699376fb4915f8c},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.05.003},

issn = {00092541},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {253},

number = {3-4},

pages = {151-161},

abstract = {The erosion of rocks rich in organic matter typically leads to the complete mineralization of the organic material. However, in some cases, it is re-deposited to become a part of sediments once more. This process should be considered to be a part of global carbon cycle, possibly much more significant than assumed to-date. The research presented here aims to characterize re-worked organic matter occurring in post-glacial sediments of southern part of Poland, in the Oder river valley (the Racibórz town region; Miocene; Pleistocene and Holocene age). Organic substances extracted from the sediments originated from organic matter that had resided in rocks eroded by glaciers. Sediments were sampled in two boreholes which sediments were correlated. Sediments were extracted and extracts analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to assess distributions of biomarker groups. Organic matter of selected samples was pre-concentrated and analyzed with Py/GC-MS. In the extracts several biomarker parameters of source/environment and thermal maturity were calculated. Organic substances in the investigated sediments come from variable re-deposited organic matter occurring in rocks eroded by glaciers. Three main parent types of re-deposited organic material are identified showing variable geochemical features: 1) organic matter of recent or almost recent age being the source of polar labile compounds; probably formed in situ, 2) re-deposited organic matter of the middle diagenesis showing features similar to lignites (huminite reflectance Rf ~ 0.25-0.35%) deriving from angiosperm remains, mainly monocotyledons and to the lower extend also deciduous trees, 3) re-deposited organic matter at the middle catagenesis (Rf ~ 0.65-0.75%) being the source of most of aromatic hydrocarbons and biomarkers such as steranes, hopanes of the more thermally advanced distribution type. Its geochemical properties and assumed directions of sediment transport indicate bituminous coals of Upper Silesian Coal Basin together with coaly shales as a possible source of this organic matter. Such mixed origin of organic matter caused large discrepancies in values of thermal maturity parameters depending on input from the particular sources and occurrence both geochemical biomarkers and their biochemical precursors in the same samples. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-48049117134,

title = {Geochemical characteristics of the macromolecular part of crude and biodesulphurised flame coal density fractions},

author = { L. Lewińska-Preis and M.J. Fabiańska and H.R. Parzentny and A. Kita},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-48049117134&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemer.2006.09.001&partnerID=40&md5=3f523325d9c14159c89129508bd7aff0},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemer.2006.09.001},

issn = {00092819},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Chemie der Erde},

volume = {68},

number = {3},

pages = {279-293},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {Flame coal (Janina Mine; Poland) was an object of geochemical analyses for changes caused by the process of microbial desulphurisation. Ash content, beryllium, chromium, zinc, cobalt, lithium, manganese, copper, molybdenum, nickel, lead and vanadium concentrations were investigated in coal extracts, its macromolecular part, semi-coke and polar compound fractions of extracts and pyrolysates of crude and biodesulphurised coal density fractions. The macromolecular part of extracted density fractions was pyrolysed giving semi-coke and pyrolysate. These were separated into aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic and polar compounds by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Distributions of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in pyrolysates of the crude and desulphurised coal density fractions were compared by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Extracts, extracted density fractions, semi-coke and polar compound fractions were analysed for concentrations of trace elements. In the crude coal their concentrations in the macromolecular part are related only to coke. However, in the desulphurised coal the participation of the particular trace element increases in pyrolysate polar compound fractions. Its values are in the range from 1% (Mn) to 100% (Cr and Mo). These changes are the best seen in the 1.80-2.30×103 kg/m3 density fraction. Very high concentrations of trace elements were found in pyrolysate of desulphurised coal density fraction. This can be explained by the partial decomposition of coal macromolecule resulting from desulphurisation. Significant side-cleavage of peripheral groups and lighter aromatic hydrocarbons is possible. The effects of bacterial influence were manifested by the increase of polar compounds contents both in pyrolysates and extracts of the desulphurised coal and changes in distribution of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon as pyrolytical products. These effects increase with mineral substance contents. Moreover, the increase of trace element concentration in coal organic matter occurs. It is reflected by the increase of participation of coal pyrolysate polar fraction in the total concentration of analysed elements in the macromolecular part of a given density fraction. The presented results are a part of the larger research aimed to find an influence of desulphurisation on chemical and technological properties of coal. © 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-42149099933,

title = {Levoglucosan and other cellulose markers in pyrolysates of miocene lignites: Geochemical and environmental implications},

author = { D. Fabbri and L. Marynowski and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Zatoń and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-42149099933&doi=10.1021%2fes7021472&partnerID=40&md5=72336afc7837804d189a264884ae310b},

doi = {10.1021/es7021472},

issn = {0013936X},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},

volume = {42},

number = {8},

pages = {2957-2963},

abstract = {Using the pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and off-line pyrolysis/silylation methods for lignites from three Miocene brown coal basins of Poland resulted in the characterization of many organic compounds, including dominant cellulose degradation products such as levoglucosan, 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucofuranose, and 1,4:3,6-dianhydroglucopyranose. Levoglucosan is a general source-specific tracer for wood smoke in the atmosphere and recent sediments. The presence of unusually high levels of this compound in brown coal pyrolysates suggests that a portion of this compound concentration in some airsheds may originate from lignite combustion. On the other hand, nonglucose anhydrosaccharides, in particular, mannosan and galactosan, typical of hemicellulose, are not detected in those lignite pyrolysates investigated. This indicates that mannosan and galactosan are better specific tracers for combustion of contemporary biomass in those regions were the utilization of brown coals containing fossilized cellulose is important. © 2008 American Chemical Society.},

note = {57},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34249021472,

title = {Organic components in thermally altered coal waste: Preliminary petrographic and geochemical investigations},

author = { M. Misz-Kennan and M.J. Fabiańska and S.R. Ćmiel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34249021472&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2006.08.009&partnerID=40&md5=853a5faa69a918960d5b05240174f950},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2006.08.009},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {71},

number = {4},

pages = {405-424},

abstract = {The petrographic and geochemical composition of coal wastes exposed to fire in the minestone dump of Piekary Ślą1skie town (Upper Silesia; Poland) was investigated using samples collected at various distances from a recent fire site. The question as to whether geochemical biomarker maturity parameters could be applied to assess thermal changes in organic matter caused by waste dump fires, was examined using the data obtained. Geochemical parameters were correlated with observed petrographic changes in the organic matter caused by oxidation and heating. Petrographic analyses included the determination of maceral group contents (vitrinite; liptinite and inertinite), mineral matter and coke contents, and reflectance measurements on organic matter. All results were supported by proximate and ultimate analyses. Geochemical analysis included ultrasonic solvent extraction of bitumen followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the extracts. In petrographic terms, the influence of heating was seen in reflectance variations and as oxidation rims, cracks, pores and coke development. Some zoned oxidation rims may be interpreted as re-heating episodes. In terms of chemical fingerprints, less thermally-stable compounds such as lighter n-alkanes, cyclic isoprenoids, methyl- and dimethylnaphthalenes, methyphenanthrenes and five-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were destroyed or evaporated in the most fire-affected material. The presence/absence of particular compound groups was used to assess heating temperatures. Biomarker parameters of thermal maturity were used to assess alterations in organic matter around the waste dump fires, especially those indices and ratios with higher maturity ranges, e.g. (3-methylbiphenyl + 4-methylbiphenyl)/dibenzofurane and Σdimethylbiphenyls/Σmethyldibenzofuranes. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {45},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33846050066,

title = {SPE and GC-MS investigation of organic contaminants in atmospheric precipitation},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and U. Skręt and W.E. Krawczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33846050066&partnerID=40&md5=e5921931d2693f3c9d77df1b8587e362},

issn = {12332356},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Acta Chromatographica},

number = {17},

pages = {328-334},

abstract = {The seasonal and regional variability of organic contaminants in atmospheric precipitation has been investigated in the Sosnowiec region (Upper Silesia; southern Poland) for a twelve-month period during 2002 and 2003. Contaminants were isolated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to compare the chemical composition of organic contamination and the semi-quantitative content of selected compound groups. During the heating season, the dominating source of pollution is coal combusted in the region. Characteristics of organic contamination in precipitation sampled after the heating season indicate they are related to traffic emission. Regional differences between organic pollutant content suggest that the low emitters, for example individual house fires, are important source of organic contamination in the Upper Silesia agglomeration.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-1142305189,

title = {Geochemical and petrographic properties of some Spitsbergen coals and dispersed organic matter},

author = { S.R. Ćmiel and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1142305189&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2003.09.002&partnerID=40&md5=a38d2016da408d38b53fb212ee0c7117},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2003.09.002},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {57},

number = {2},

pages = {77-97},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {This paper presents the characteristics of selected parameters of organic matter of the Tertiary coal samples and organic matter of Carboniferous rock samples from the Spitsbergen. The coal samples were taken from Central Coal Basin (the Longyearbyen region) and from the Forlandsundet Basin (Oscar II Land; the Kaffioyra region). Samples of dispersed organic matter were collected from Suffolk Pynten and Sergeijevfjellet area in Sorkapp Land. The optical properties of coal samples are different from properties of dispersed organic matter. Macerals of vitrinite group dominate in all of the samples. The average content of vitrinite group macerals is much lower in dipersed organic matter samples than it is in coals. The average content of liptinite group macerals is a little lower, and inertinite group macerals is much higher. The average content of mineral matter is higher in organic matter samples than in coal samples. The average value of vitrinite reflectance and standard deviation of organic matter is higher in comparison with coals. The coal samples are generally classified as orthobituminous, medium rank type C. There are samples from very low- to middle-grade coal. The values of vitrinite reflectance and standard deviation of coals investigated are similar and are lower than they are in dispersed organic matter. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to assess organic matter source and rank with use of several biomarker parameters. Primary organic matter of the Tertiary coals contained predominantly material from conifers, among them, Cupressaceae and/or Taxodiaceae and Podocarpaceae families were identified by their characteristic biomarkers. Dispersed organic matter of rocks does not show features indicating input of vascular plants into its primary material, and its origin is assumed to be algal/bacterial. Samples with Calamites fossils contained organic matter with only low terrestrial input. Results of rank assessment by thermal maturity parameters based on biomarkers agree with vitrinite reflectance data: the Kaffioyra and the Longyearbyen coals are in the range of high volatile bituminous coals. The dispersed organic matter samples seems to be more mature than that of both coals and can be assessed as late catagenetic. The organic matter of the Sergeijevfjellet Formation was formed in basins with higher fluctuation of water level; lower amount of water caused oxidation of organic matter in a basin. The mire plants contained less of resins and essential oils than Hornsundneset Formation mire plants. The deposits of organic matter in a Tertiary basin were formed with faster subsidence and higher water level. The plants of Oligocene age (Kaffioyra region) contain more resins and essential oils than plants of Paleocene age (Longyearbyen region), while coalification degree is similar. However, technological parameters of Paleocene coals are better. The organic matter of Kaffioyra region was formed in basins with higher fluctuation of water level than from the Longyearbyen region. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {20},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0038641641,

title = {Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in geochemical investigation of organic matter of the Grodziec Beds (Upper carboniferous), upper silesian coal basin, Poland},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and G. Bzowska and A. Matuszewska and M. Racka and U. Skręt},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038641641&doi=10.1078%2f0009-2819-00023&partnerID=40&md5=70946dbf65c971ad0157a84c663dc000},

doi = {10.1078/0009-2819-00023},

issn = {00092819},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Chemie der Erde},

volume = {63},

number = {1},

pages = {63-91},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {Organic matter of five lithologically different rocks, belonging to the Grodziec Beds (Upper Namurian A strata), was geochemically characterised by various instrumental methods. Mineral composition of rocks, known from previous experiments, was investigated by X-ray diffraction (Bzowska et al., 2000) and organic matter as a whole was characterised by infra-red spectroscopy. Next, extracts of organic matter were analysed by chromatographic methods, especially by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis applied to investigate aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. It was found that sedimentary organic matter of the Grodziec Beds predominantly comes from terrestrial sources, i.e. higher vascular plants, deposited in aerobic (oxic) environment. It shows features of type III kerogen or type II kerogen of bacterial/terrestrial origin of primary biogenic matter. Thermal maturity was estimated by means of various geochemical parameters based on distribution of biomarkers and alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons. It was found that the thermal maturity of organic matter of investigated rocks is at the end of diagenesis or beginning of catagenesis. Input of older migrating bitumen was suggested as an explanation for increased values of some thermal maturity parameters in the case of one of sandstones. Water-washing and/or biodegradation has partially changed the composition of organic matter, especially in the case of porous sandstones, where such interactions are possible. Mineral composition of the host rock seems to be important here, protecting organic matter of mudstones against such post-depositional alterations.},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0037698756,

title = {Relationship between petrographic and geochemical characterisation of selected South African coals},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and K.J. Kruszewska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037698756&doi=10.1016%2fS0166-5162%2803%2900023-5&partnerID=40&md5=dd7c2b44200ed27804bbbd602e43d86b},

doi = {10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00023-5},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {54},

number = {1-2},

pages = {95-114},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Fifteen samples of South African coals from the Waterberg, Soutpansberg (Northern Province) and Main Karoo (Mpulanga and KwaZulu-Natal) provinces were investigated by petrographic and geochemical methods. The aim of this work was to establish the relationship between these two methods for evaluation of coal maturity in the case of South African coals. The petrographic analyses included maceral and microlithotype evaluation by routine quantitative methods as well as random reflectance measurements. Maceral analysis included identification of vitrinite, liptinite and inertinite groups. The same samples were used for microlithotype analysis. Vitrite, liptite, inertite, clarite, durite,vitroinertite, duroclarite, clarodurite and carbominerite were identified. To assess the facies trends, liptinite-poor and liptinite-rich durite and clarodurite were counted separately. Sporoclarite and cutinodetrite were also treated independently. Both maceral and microlithotype analyses were performed to confirm the geochemical and petrographic compatibility in interpretation of the primary organic material which was deposited in the biochemical stage of coal formation. The reflectance measurements were carried out in incident light using a Zeiss Universal microscope. The 546 nm interference filter was applied. Distributions of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons present in coal extracts were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for assessment of both source/environment of deposition and coal thermal maturity. Normal alkane distribution shows odd-over-even carbon number predominance in the case of coals in the range of 0.63-0.80% vitrinite reflectance. Several groups of compounds related to conifer resin were identified indicating predominant source of organic matter of the coals, for example tetracyclic diterpanes, retene and simonellite. The coal rank was assessed by 13 thermal maturity parameters based on isomerisation reactions of sterane and triterpane diastereomers together with ratios and indices of aromatic hydrocarbons and methyldibenzothiophenes based on different thermal resistance of their α- and β-alkyl isomers. The correlation of reflectance (R rv%) with two sterane diasteromer parameters: C29αββ/(αα α+αββ), C29 ααα20S/(20S+20R) and aromatic hydrocarbon parameters of thermal maturity such as: MDR (Methydibenzothiophene ratio), MPI-1 (MethylPhenanthrene Index-1) revealed good agreement. Lower correlation coefficients were obtained for TMR-2 (Trimethylnaphthalene ratio), TeNR (Tetramethylnaphthalene ratio) and DMPR (Dimethylphenenthrene ratio) with respect to Rrv%. Other correlations of biomarker and aromatic hydrocarbon parameters with Rrv% were poor. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0037209447,

title = {Microbial alteration of organic matter of humic coal during biological desulphurisation},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska and L. Lewińska-Preis and R. Galimska-Stypa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037209447&doi=10.1016%2fS0016-2361%2802%2900220-X&partnerID=40&md5=1cbca5b8a9b271878e1b2ac2c73caafc},

doi = {10.1016/S0016-2361(02)00220-X},

issn = {00162361},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Fuel},

volume = {82},

number = {2},

pages = {165-179},

abstract = {The biodegrading influence of biological desulphurisation on bituminous coal and its density fractions was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for organic matter alteration and atomic absorption for the assessment of changes in several trace element concentrations. Changes in extract group composition were assessed by comparing the contents of aliphatic, aromatic and polar compounds separated by preparative thin layer chromatography. Aliphatic compounds show extensive alteration due to biodegradation, mainly removal of n-alkanes and lighter acyclic isoprenoids from extracts. The sterane distribution was strongly affected while hopane/moretane distributions show minor changes. Aromatic hydrocarbons were less influenced but some changes were found. It can be assumed that the degree of biodegradation of density fractions increases with increasing concentration of mineral matter since density fractions with lower mineral concentration show smaller changes as a result of biodegradation than those with higher content of minerals. Reduction of concentrations of the following trace elements occurred: beryllium, chromium, zinc, gallium, cadmium, cobalt, lithium, manganese, copper, molybdenum, nickel, lead, and vanadium. The content decrease of an element is not influenced by its geochemical properties. An equally important factor seems to be bonding to organic and inorganic coal substances. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0033773264,

title = {Use of the amount of reducing compounds to assess sedimentary organic matter deposition conditions},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033773264&partnerID=40&md5=3c5c9fc55f61ac0f861f97ff517db0a8},

issn = {12332356},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Acta Chromatography},

volume = {10},

pages = {167-182},

abstract = {Thirty six samples of sedimentary organic matter of different biological origin and geological age (black and brown coal, jet, hydrothermal bitumen and examples of marine sedimentary rocks) have been extracted with solvent, and the extracts have been separated by preparative-layer chromatography into aliphatic, aromatic and polar compound fractions. Gas chromatography was used for analysis of aliphatic fractions, especially for evaluation of pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph) concentrations, the ratio of which is used in organic geochemistry as an indicator of the oxidizing-reducing nature of the environment in which deposition occurred. The amounts of readily oxidizable and reducing compounds in polar bitumen fractions were assessed by analytical TLC. Results from GC and TLC analysis were compared. It was found that the amount of reducing and readily oxidizable compounds present in bitumens of different biological origin and age seems to be related to the oxidizing-reducing conditions in the environment in which the source kerogen was deposited, and to the types of biological source contributing to the deposits of organic matter. For the brown coals analysed there was a relationship between the content of readily oxidizable and reducing compounds and the lithology of the particular brown coal. It is proposed that the amounts of reducing and readily oxidizable compounds could, when the Pr/Ph ratio is not valid, be a helpful indicator of the oxidizing-reducing properties of the environment in which deposition occurred.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0034111604,

title = {Preliminary TLC study of organic oxygen nitrogen compounds in extracts of organic matter fossilized wood},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034111604&partnerID=40&md5=867b7eabd5f0f6a833d9ec7764f38486},

issn = {09334173},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Planar Chromatography - Modern TLC},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

pages = {20-24},

abstract = {Highly polar compounds present in extracts from fossilized woods obtained from Roztocze and Tarnow sands (Tertiary and Carboniferous respectively), Kawodrza Jurassic shale, and the Kwaczala arcosa sandstone beds (Carboniferous) were isolated by preparative layer chromatography. The qualitative group composition of the polar fractions obtained was studied by analytical TLC with dichloromethane as a mobile phase. Spots were visualized by use of standard reagents and UV illumination. Individual groups of compounds were identified by tile colors of the spots and by comparison of RF values with those of reference compounds. The results obtained were compared with those from the analysis of the polar compound content of lignites and coals of similar age analyzed previously. It was discovered that despite the high permeability of the sands and sandstone host rocks of the woods analyzed, the protection afforded by silica layers impregnating the wood tissue was sufficient to enable detection and identification of highly soluble derivatives of phenol, basic nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, quinones, ketones, and abundant carboxylic acids. The oxidizing environment of sands and sandstones resulted in low levels of reducing compounds. These were found in higher amounts only in the sample derived from Jurassic shale.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0031921756,

title = {TLC study of the polar compounds present in extractable organic matter of different origin},

author = { M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031921756&partnerID=40&md5=1eaf7d6a7222de379b543e5d808d7d19},

issn = {09334173},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Planar Chromatography - Modern TLC},

volume = {11},

number = {2},

pages = {108-113},

abstract = {Extracts of lignite from five Tertiary lignite quarries, coal tars obtained from coals from three coal mines (Middle Poland Uplands), and extracts of organic matter present in carbonate Upper Devonian rocks (the Holy Cross Mountains) from four quarries and bitumens occurring in their hydrothermal veins were separated into groups of aliphatic, aromatic, and polar compound by preparative TLC. The polar fractions were analyzed by TLC on silica gel with dichloromethane as a mobile phase. Spots were visualized by use of standard reagents and UV illumination; identification of individual groups of compounds was based on the colors of the spots produced by these reagents and by comparison of R(F) values with those of reference compounds. On the basis of results obtained it was possible to assess the qualitative composition of the polar fractions of the lignite extracts, the coal tars, the Devonian host rock extracts, and the hydrothermal bitumens. Differences in composition were compared and correlation was found between thermal maturity, the biological origin of the organic matter, and its chemical composition.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}