@article{2-s2.0-85166221628,

title = {Quantifying Changes in Extent and Velocity of the Hornbreen/Hambergbreen Glacial System (SW, Spitsbergen) Based on Timeseries of Multispectral Satellite Imagery},

author = { D. Saferna and M. Błaszczyk and M. Grabiec and B. Gądek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85166221628&doi=10.3390%2frs15143529&partnerID=40&md5=f642f44791e8c7df0542ba032edd13fc},

doi = {10.3390/rs15143529},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {15},

number = {14},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {This study focuses on the Hornsund region in Svalbard, where the temperature has risen by 1.14 °C per decade, six times faster than the global average. The accelerating temperature rise in the Arctic has had significant impacts on the Svalbard glaciers, including the Hornbreen–Hambergbreen system (HH system). The HH system connects Sørkapp Land with the rest of Spitsbergen, and its disintegration will lead to the formation of a new island. This study assesses the annual and seasonal changes in the velocity of the HH system and fluctuations of the position of the termini from 1985 to 2021 and their relationship with environmental factors. Furthermore, an assessment was made of the possible date of opening of the Hornsund strait. The study also investigates the impact of the radiometric resolution of satellite images on the quality of the velocity field and the detection of glacier features. Multispectral imagery was used to assess the velocity fields with Glacier Image Velocimetry (v 1.01) software, which uses the feature tracking method. In addition, the Glacier Termini Tracking plugin was used to acquire data on the fluctuating positions of the termini. The long-term mean annual velocity of the Hornbreen was 431 m a−1, while that of Hambergbreen was 141 m a−1. The peak seasonal velocity and fluctuations of the terminus position of Hambergbreen were delayed by approximately one month when compared to Hornbreen. Overall, air and sea surface temperatures influence the velocities and fluctuations of the termini, while precipitation plays a secondary role. If the recession continues, the Hornsund strait may open around 2053. An increase in the quality of velocity maps from 12.7% to 50.2% was found with an increase in radiometric resolution from 8 bit to 16 bit. © 2023 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85160435183,

title = {The Response of Tidewater Glacier Termini Positions in Hornsund (Svalbard) to Climate Forcing, 1992–2020},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and M. Moskalik and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and W. Walczowski and T. Wawrzyniak and A. Strzelewicz and E. Malnes and T.R. Lauknes and W.T. Pfeffer},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85160435183&doi=10.1029%2f2022JF006911&partnerID=40&md5=dc95001610336e4ec515faf745ffe57a},

doi = {10.1029/2022JF006911},

issn = {21699003},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},

volume = {128},

number = {5},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {Many Arctic marine-terminating glaciers have undergone rapid retreats in recent decades. Seasonal and year-to-year variations in terminus position act on all tidewater glaciers, but the key controls on those changes vary from region to region. Here, we examined seasonal and decadal changes in termini positions of seven tidewater glaciers in the inner part of Hornsund, the southernmost fjord of Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago), based on a variety of data from 1992 to 2020. Combining satellite imagery, basic meteorological data (air temperature; positive degree day index (PDD); liquid precipitation), sea surface temperature (SST), mean temperature in the glacier forefield bays, fast sea ice cover, and bathymetry near the glacier front, we examined the influence of potential controlling parameters on interannual and seasonal variability of the glacier termini. We found regional synchrony between terminus advance/retreat and climate variables. At a regional scale, annual fluctuation changes are related to PDD and SST, while summer fluctuations are linked to PDD, although individual glaciers are shown to have differing sensitivities to potential climate drivers. We also found that the retreat period in Hornsund generally lasts from June to October-December. Onset of the retreat is related to sea and air temperature, and in some cases follows the disappearance of the ice cover. These results indicate that the expected increase in meltwater runoff in Svalbard, the input of relatively warm Atlantic water to the fjord, and the increasing trend of longer summer and warmer winter periods will have implications for glacier velocity and frontal ablation. © 2023. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85147953337,

title = {Comparison of Three Methods for Distinguishing Glacier Zones Using Satellite SAR Data},

author = { B. Barzycka and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and M. Błaszczyk and F. Pálsson and M. Laska and D. Ignatiuk and G.T. Aðalgeirsdóttir},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147953337&doi=10.3390%2frs15030690&partnerID=40&md5=46905b190033ecb0b5adfdc1b88c422e},

doi = {10.3390/rs15030690},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {15},

number = {3},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Changes in glacier zones (e.g.; firn; superimposed ice; ice) are good indicators of glacier response to climate change. There are few studies of glacier zone detection by SAR that are focused on more than one ice body and validated by terrestrial data. This study is unique in terms of the dataset collected—four C- and L-band quad-pol satellite SAR images, Ground Penetrating Radar data, shallow glacier cores—and the number of land ice bodies analyzed, namely, three tidewater glaciers in Svalbard and one ice cap in Iceland. The main aim is to assess how well popular methods of SAR analysis perform in distinguishing glacier zones, regardless of factors such as the morphologic differences of the ice bodies, or differences in SAR data. We test and validate three methods of glacier zone detection: (1) Gaussian Mixture Model–Expectation Maximization (GMM-EM) clustering of dual-pol backscattering coefficient (sigma0); (2) GMM-EM of quad-pol Pauli decomposition; and (3) quad-pol H/α Wishart segmentation. The main findings are that the unsupervised classification of both sigma0 and Pauli decomposition are promising methods for distinguishing glacier zones. The former performs better at detecting the firn zone on SAR images, and the latter in the superimposed ice zone. Additionally, C-band SAR data perform better than L-band at detecting firn, but the latter can potentially separate crevasses via the classification of sigma0 or Pauli decomposition. H/α Wishart segmentation resulted in inconsistent results across the tested cases and did not detect crevasses on L-band SAR data. © 2023 by the authors.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85145882623,

title = {Changes in the Structure of the Snow Cover of Hansbreen (S Spitsbergen) Derived from Repeated High-Frequency Radio-Echo Sounding},

author = { K. Kachniarz and M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and M. Laska and B. Luks},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145882623&doi=10.3390%2frs15010189&partnerID=40&md5=17344ba50cc2bab015206bb862299a75},

doi = {10.3390/rs15010189},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {15},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {This paper explores the potential of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) monitoring for an advanced understanding of snow cover processes and structure. For this purpose, the study uses the Hansbreen (SW Spitsbergen) records that are among the longest and the most comprehensive snow-cover GPR monitoring records available on Svalbard. While snow depth (HS) is frequently the only feature derived from high-frequency radio-echo sounding (RES), this study also offers an analysis of the physical characteristics (grain shape; size; hardness; and density) of the snow cover structure. We demonstrate that, based on GPR data (800 MHz) and a single snow pit, it is possible to extrapolate the detailed features of snow cover to the accumulation area. Field studies (snow pits and RES) were conducted at the end of selected accumulation seasons in the period 2008–2019, under dry snow conditions and HS close to the maximum. The paper shows that although the snow cover structure varies in space and from season to season, a single snow pit site can represent the entire center line of the accumulation zone. Numerous hard layers (HLs) (up to 30% of the snow column) were observed that reflect progressive climate change, but there is no trend in quantity, thickness, or percentage contribution in total snow depth in the study period. HLs with strong crystal bonds create a “framework” in the snowpack, which reduces compaction and, consequently, the ice formation layers slow down the rate of snowpack metamorphosis. The extrapolation of snow pit data through radar profiling is a novel solution that can improve spatial recognition of snow cover characteristics and the accuracy of calculation of snow water equivalent (SWE). © 2022 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85130244205,

title = {A decade of glaciological and meteorological observations in the Arctic (Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard)},

author = { D. Ignatiuk and M. Błaszczyk and T. Budzik and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and M. Kondracka and M. Laska and Ł. Małarzewski and Ł. Stachnik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130244205&doi=10.5194%2fessd-14-2487-2022&partnerID=40&md5=8056e47ce7607db329b08a2602f71612},

doi = {10.5194/essd-14-2487-2022},

issn = {18663508},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Earth System Science Data},

volume = {14},

number = {5},

pages = {2487-2500},

publisher = {Copernicus Publications},

abstract = {The warming of the Arctic climate is well documented, but the mechanisms of Arctic amplification are still not fully understood. Thus, monitoring of glaciological and meteorological variables and the environmental response to accelerated climate warming must be continued and developed in Svalbard. Long-term meteorological observations carried out in situ on glaciers in conjunction with glaciological monitoring are rare in the Arctic and significantly expand our knowledge about processes in the polar environment. This study presents glaciological and meteorological data collected for 2009-2020 in southern Spitsbergen (Werenskioldbreen). The meteorological data are composed of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, short-wave and long-wave upwelling and downwelling radiation on 10gmin, hourly and daily resolution (2009-2020). The snow dataset includes 49 data records from 2009 to 2019 with the snow depth, snow bulk density and snow water equivalent data. The glaciological data consist of seasonal and annual surface mass balance measurements (point and glacier-wide) for 2009-2020. The paper also includes modelling of the daily glacier surface ablation (2009-2020) based on the presented data. The datasets are expected to serve as local forcing data in hydrological and glaciological models as well as validation of calibration of remote sensing products. The datasets are available from the Polish Polar Database (https://ppdb.us.edu.pl/; last access: 24 May 2022) and Zenodo (10.5281/zenodo.6528321; Ignatiuk; 2021a; 10.5281/zenodo.5792168; Ignatiuk; 2021b). © 2022 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85124166767,

title = {The Thickness of Talus Deposits in the Periglacial Area of SW Spitsbergen (Fugleberget Mountainside) in the Light of Slope Development Theories},

author = { P. Dolnicki and M. Grabiec},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124166767&doi=10.3390%2fland11020209&partnerID=40&md5=de78986b73c3ec05fbd00a6807811909},

doi = {10.3390/land11020209},

issn = {2073445X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Land},

volume = {11},

number = {2},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Periglacial slopes are susceptible to recent climate change. The rate of morphogenetic processes depends on numerous factors. The most important of these is the warming of the air and ground, increased precipitation (extreme rainfall in particular), and the rate of snow cover decay. The dynamics of these processes may effectively modify contemporary slope development models. The paper shows the structure of selected talus slopes on a Fugleberget mountainside, based on field observations and radar (GPR) soundings. The results are then compared to classical slope models. The radar survey in April and May 2014 used a RAMAC CU II Malå GeoScience system equipped with a 30 MHz RTA antenna (Rough Terrain Antenna). Five GPR profiles of different lengths were obtained along the talus axes, transversally on Fugleberget and partly on the Hansbreen lateral moraine. According to the radar soundings, the maximum thickness of the debris deposits is 25–30 m. The thickness of the weathered material increases towards the talus cone’s terminal part, and debris deposits overlap marine sediments. The talus slopes’ morphometry shows that their current forms differ from standard slope models, which may be due to the significant acceleration of geomorphic processes resulting from climate change, including rapid warming in the last four decades. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85101556111,

title = {Factors Controlling Terminus Position of Hansbreen, a Tidewater Glacier in Svalbard},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and J.A. Jania and M. Ciepły and M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and L. Kolondra and A. Kruss and B. Luks and M. Moskalik and T. Pastusiak and A. Strzelewicz and W. Walczowski and T. Wawrzyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101556111&doi=10.1029%2f2020JF005763&partnerID=40&md5=1ef236ce438063f6bcd65406aff0dd64},

doi = {10.1029/2020JF005763},

issn = {21699003},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},

volume = {126},

number = {2},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {The mechanism of glacier recession and its climatic controls are complex processes that differ across the Arctic region. Here, we investigate factors influencing front variations of Hansbreen, a glacier terminated in Hornsund fjord (SW Svalbard). We apply remote sensing data to observe glacier front fluctuations between 1992 and 2015 and compare them to atmospheric and oceanographic data, sea water depth at the terminus and surface velocity. Rate of subglacial meltwater discharge approximated by the seasonal positive degree-day index (PDD) together with sea thermal conditions appear to be the main factors responsible for the fluctuations of the front of Hansbreen, while water depth at the front plays a secondary role. Taking into account ocean and air thermal conditions, the studied period has been divided into warm, cold and moderate years. The glacier retreated considerably throughout a bedrock overdeepening in the very warm period 2012–2014. This recession coincided with a slower ice flow due to intense subglacial runoff and increased submarine melting. The long-term retreat was interrupted by glacier advances in colder years, regardless of water depth at the front. The slower recession rate was the combined effect of decreased subglacial melting and increased glacier movement associated with lower subglacial runoff. Although the seasonal PDD is a good indicator of the front fluctuations, the duration of the retreat and advance periods are strongly correlated with the sea surface temperature. Expected climate warming and an increase of water temperature in the West Spitsbergen Current will stimulate further recession of Hansbreen in future. © 2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85091253817,

title = {Changes of glacier facies on Hornsund glaciers (Svalbard) during the decade 2007–2017},

author = { B. Barzycka and M. Grabiec and M. Błaszczyk and D. Ignatiuk and M. Laska and J.O.M. Hagen and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091253817&doi=10.1016%2fj.rse.2020.112060&partnerID=40&md5=b5780b8e8884ddd39b23acc4e892b50e},

doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2020.112060},

issn = {00344257},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},

volume = {251},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Changes in glacier facies (glacier zones), such as firn or superimposed ice (SI), are good indicators of glacier response to climate change. They are especially important for fast-warming Svalbard, where only a few glaciers are under glaciological mass balance monitoring. This paper presents a first study of changes of glacier facies extent for three tidewater glaciers located in southern Spitsbergen (Svalbard) and it is based on both satellite remote sensing and terrestrial data analysis, covering two time spans: 2007–2017 for Hansbreen and 2012–2017 for Storbreen and Hornbreen. Satellite remote sensing analysis include unsupervised classification of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from both decommissioned (ENVISAT ASAR) and modern satellite missions (RADARSAT-2; Sentinel-1). The results of the SAR classification are compared to the information on glacier zones retrieved from terrestrial data, i.e. shallow cores and visual interpretation of 800 MHz Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profiles. In addition, a novel application of the Internal Reflection Power (IRP) coefficient as an objective method of distinguishing glacier zones based on GPR data is discussed. Changes in glacier facies areas over time are analysed, as well as their correlation to Hansbreen's mass balance. The main finding of the study is that firn and SI of Hansbreen, Storbreen and Hornbreen significantly decreased over the study period. For example, due to continuous negative mass balance between 2010 and 2017, the contribution of firn area to Hansbreen's total area decreased ca. 14% (cumulative firn area loss during that time: ~45%) whereas since 2012 SI has not been distinguished as a vast area on this glacier. In addition, an east–west gradient of firn area loss was observed as a result of differences in local climate conditions. Therefore, for the common time span (i.e. 2012–2017) Hansbreen recorded a ca. 12% loss of firn contribution to glacier area whereas Hornbreen recorded ca. 9%. Finally, application of the IRP coefficient as an objective method of glacier zones discrimination by GPR data gave very good results, so the method is recommended for future analysis of glacier zones instead, or as a support, to popular visual interpretation of the GPR profiles. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85083000594,

title = {Biotope and biocenosis of cryoconite hole ecosystems on Ecology Glacier in the maritime Antarctic},

author = { J. Buda and E. Łokas and M. Pietryka and D. Richter and W. Magowski and N.S. Iakovenko and D.L. Porazinska and T. Budzik and M. Grabiec and J. Grzesiak and P. Klimaszyk and P. Gaca and K. Zawierucha},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083000594&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2020.138112&partnerID=40&md5=18bcd9805891e89dc9e5d30135462d45},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138112},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {724},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Despite recent great interest in glacier ecosystems in the continental Antarctic, little is known about their maritime counterparts. Our study presents descriptive data on cryoconite sediments and cryoconite holes on Ecology Glacier (King George Island) to accomplish three main objectives: (a) to identify main eukaryotic (algae; invertebrates) and prokaryotic (cyanobacteria) components of microbial communities; (b) to provide a “baseline” of community composition, organic matter and artificial contamination; and (c) to identify key abiotic factors that might be important in community assembly. Cryoconite holes were sampled along an altitudinal gradient of Ecology Glacier in January, mid Austral Summer 2017. Cryoconite holes located in lower altitude were deeper than those located in the middle and the highest altitude. Seventeen species of algae and cyanobacteria with biomass of 0.79 to 5.37 μg/cm3 have been found in sediments. Dominant species were cyanobacterial Pseudanabaena frigida and Bacillariophyceae Microcostaus sp. Biomass of Bacillariophyceae was significantly higher than that of Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria. We found three species of rotifers (potentially two new to science) and for the first time a glacier dwelling Acari (suspension feeder; Nanorchestes nivalis). Organic matter content ranged from 5.4% to 7.6%. Investigated artificial radionuclides included 137Cs, 238Pu, 239+240Pu and 241Am. 210Pb seems to be related to organic matter content. Overall, cryoconite holes on Ecology Glacier present unique habitats that serve as biodiversity hotspots of psychrophiles, source of organic matter, matrices for radioactivity tracking and model for observing changes in supraglacial ecosystems in the maritime Antarctic. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85065706353,

title = {Quality assessment and glaciological applications of digital elevation models derived from space-borne and aerial images over two tidewater glaciers of southern spitsbergen},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and D. Ignatiuk and M. Grabiec and L. Kolondra and M. Laska and L. Decaux and J.A. Jania and E. Berthier and B. Luks and B. Barzycka and M. Czapla},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065706353&doi=10.3390%2frs11091121&partnerID=40&md5=626b9c5b2afcde929d4332920b85ce35},

doi = {10.3390/rs11091121},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {11},

number = {9},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {In this study, we assess the accuracy and precision of digital elevation models (DEM) retrieved from aerial photographs taken in 2011 and from Very High Resolution satellite images (WorldView-2 and Pléiades) from the period 2012-2017. Additionally, the accuracy of the freely available Strip product of ArcticDEM was verified. We use the DEMs to characterize geometry changes over Hansbreen and Hornbreen, two tidewater glaciers in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The satellite-based DEMs from WorldView-2 and Pléiades stereo pairs were processed using the Rational Function Model (RFM) without and with one ground control point. The elevation quality of the DEMs over glacierized areas was validated with in situ data: static differential GPS survey of mass balance stakes and GPS kinematic data acquired during ground penetrating radar survey. Results demonstrate the usefulness of the analyzed sources of DEMs for estimation of the total geodetic mass balance of the Svalbard glaciers. DEM accuracy is sufficient to investigate glacier surface elevation changes above 1 m. Strips from the ArcticDEM are generally precise, but some of them showed gross errors and need to be handled with caution. The surface of Hansbreen and Hornbreen has been lowering in recent years. The average annual elevation changes for Hansbreen were more negative in the period 2015-2017 (-2.4 m a-1) than in the period 2011-2015 (-1.7 m a-1). The average annual elevation changes over the studied area of Hornbreen for the period 2012-2017 amounted to -1.6 m a-1. The geodetic mass balance for Hansbreen was more negative than the climatic mass balance estimated using the mass budget method, probably due to underestimation of the ice discharge. From 2011 to 2017, Hansbreen lost on average over 1% of its volume each year. Such a high rate of relative loss illustrates how fast these glaciers are responding to climate change. © 2019 by the authors.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85062637380,

title = {Role of discrete water recharge from supraglacial drainage systems in modeling patterns of subglacial conduits in Svalbard glaciers},

author = { L. Decaux and M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062637380&doi=10.5194%2ftc-13-735-2019&partnerID=40&md5=68346ba9038705ecf26e26722e064c1f},

doi = {10.5194/tc-13-735-2019},

issn = {19940416},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Cryosphere},

volume = {13},

number = {3},

pages = {735-752},

publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},

abstract = {As the behavior of subglacial water plays a determining role in glacier dynamics, it requires particular attention, especially in the context of climate warming, which is increasing ablation and generating greater amounts of meltwater. On many glaciers, water flowing from the glacier's surface is the main source of supply to the subglacial drainage system. This system is largely influenced by the supraglacial drainage system, which collects meltwater and precipitation and rapidly delivers it to discrete points in the glacier bed via moulins and crevassed areas, called water input areas (WIAs). Models of patterns of subglacial conduits mainly based on the hydrological potential gradient are still regularly performed without taking into account the supraglacial drainage system. We modeled the pattern of subglacial channels in two glaciers located in Svalbard, the land-terminating Werenskioldbreen and the tidewater Hansbreen during the 2015 melt season. We modeled a spatial and a discrete water recharge in order to compare them. First, supraglacial catchments were determined for each WIA on a high-resolution digital elevation model using the standard watershed modeling tool in ArcGIS. Then, interpolated water runoff was calculated for all the main WIAs. Our model also accounts for several water pressure conditions. For our two studied glaciers, during the ablation season 2015, 72.5 % of total runoff was provided by meltwater and 27.5 % by precipitation. Changes in supraglacial drainage on a decadal timescale are observed in contrast to its nearly stable state on an annual timescale. Nevertheless, due to the specific nature of those changes, it seems to have a low impact on the subglacial system. Therefore, our models of subglacial channel are assumed to be valid for a minimum period of two decades and depend on changes in the supraglacial drainage system. Results showed that, for Svalbard tidewater glaciers with large crevassed areas, models of subglacial channels that assume spatial water recharge may be somewhat imprecise but are far from being completely incorrect, especially for the ablation zone. On the other hand, it is important to take discrete water recharge into account in the case of land-terminating Svalbard glaciers with limited crevassed areas. In all cases, considering a discrete water recharge when modeling patterns of theoretical subglacial channels seems to produce more realistic results according to current knowledge. © Author(s) 2019.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85061674896,

title = {The role of winter rain in the glacial system on Svalbard},

author = { E.B. Łupikasza and D. Ignatiuk and M. Grabiec and K. Cielecka-Nowak and M. Laska and J.A. Jania and B. Luks and A. Uszczyk and T. Budzik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061674896&doi=10.3390%2fw11020334&partnerID=40&md5=d7e66db094c7e1118a1ffe687c120fdc},

doi = {10.3390/w11020334},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {11},

number = {2},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Rapid Arctic warming results in increased winter rain frequencies, which may impact glacial systems. In this paper, we discuss climatology and precipitation form trends, followed by examining the influence of winter rainfall (Oct-May) on both the mass balance and dynamics of Hansbreen (Svalbard). We used data from the Hornsund meteorological station (01003 WMO), in addition to the original meteorological and glaciological data from three measurement points on Hansbreen. Precipitation phases were identified based on records of weather phenomena and used-along with information on lapse rate-to estimate the occurrence and altitudinal extent of winter rainfall over the glacier. We found an increase in the frequency of winter rain in Hornsund, and that these events impact both glacier mass balance and glacier dynamics. However, the latter varied depending on the degree of snow cover and drainage systems development. In early winter, given the initial, thin snow cover and an inefficient drainage system, rainfall increased glacier velocity. Full-season winter rainfall on well-developed snow was effectively stored in the glacier, contributing on average to 9% of the winter accumulation. © 2019 by the authors.},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85057332619,

title = {Glacier facies of Vestfonna (Svalbard) based on SAR images and GPR measurements},

author = { B. Barzycka and M. Błaszczyk and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057332619&doi=10.1016%2fj.rse.2018.11.020&partnerID=40&md5=5bcf2ca301942eb3d2ddb81dd43822db},

doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2018.11.020},

issn = {00344257},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},

volume = {221},

pages = {373-385},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The warming climate of the Arctic affects the mass budget of glaciers, and changes in the distribution of glacier facies are indicative of their response to climate change. The glacial mass budget over large land ice masses can be estimated by remote sensing techniques, but selecting an efficient remote sensing method for recognizing and mapping glacier facies in the Arctic remains a challenge. In this study, we compared several methods of distinguishing the facies of the Vestfonna ice cap, Svalbard, based upon Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and terrestrial high frequency Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) measurements. Glacier zones as determined using the backscattering coefficient (sigma0) of SAR images were compared against GPR data, and an alternative application of Internal Reflection Energy (IRE) calculated from terrestrial GPR data was also used for differentiating the extent of glacier facies. The IRE coefficient was found to offer a suitable method for distinguishing glacier zones and for validating SAR analysis. Furthermore, results of analysis of fully polarimetric Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) and European Remote Sensing Synthetic Aperture Radar (ERS-2 SAR) images were compared with the IRE coefficient classification. Especially promising method is H-α segmentation, where the glacier zone boundaries corresponded very well with both GPR visual interpretation and IRE classification results. The IRE coefficient's simplicity of calculation makes it a good alternative to the subjective GPR visual interpretation method, where results strongly depend on the operator's level of experience. We therefore recommend for GPR profiles to be used for additional validation of SAR image analysis in studies of glacier facies on the High Arctic ice masses. © 2018 The Author(s)},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85077654725,

title = {Importance of snow as component of surface mass balance of Arctic glacier (Hansbreen, southern Spitsbergen)},

author = { A. Uszczyk and M. Grabiec and M. Laska and M. Kuhn and D. Ignatiuk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077654725&doi=10.24425%2fppr.2019.130901&partnerID=40&md5=fd2fd2800633ebe70fe781efede3e6c2},

doi = {10.24425/ppr.2019.130901},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {40},

number = {4},

pages = {311-338},

publisher = {Polish Academy of Sciences},

abstract = {Snowmelt is a very important component of freshwater resources in the polar environment. Seasonal fluctuations in the water supply to glacial drainage systems influence glacier dynamics and indirectly affect water circulation and stratification in fjords. Here, we present spatial distribution of the meltwater production from the snow cover on Hansbreen in southern Spitsbergen. We estimated the volume of freshwater coming from snow deposited over this glacier. As a case study, we used 2014 being one of the warmest season in the 21st century. The depth of snow cover was measured using a high frequency Ground Penetrating Radar close to the maximum stage of accumulation. Simultaneously, a series of studies were conducted to analyse the structure of the snowpack and its physical properties in three snow pits in different glacier elevation zones. These data were combined to construct a snow density model for the entire glacier, which together with snow depth distribution represents essential parameters to estimate glacier winter mass balance. A temperature index model was used to calculate snow ablation, applying an average temperature lapse rate and surface elevation changes. Applying variable with altitude degree day factor, we estimated an average daily rate of ablation between 0.023 m d-1 °C-1 (for the ablation zone) and 0.027 m d-1 °C-1 (in accumulation zone). This melting rate was further validated by direct ablation data at reference sites on the glacier. An average daily water production by snowmelt in 2014 ablation season was 0.0065 m w.e. (water equivalent) and 41.52·106 m3 of freshwater in total. This ablation concerned 85.5% of the total water accumulated during winter in snow cover. Extreme daily melting exceeded 0.020 m w.e. in June and September 2014 with a maximum on 6th July 2014 (0.027 m w.e.). The snow cover has completely disappeared at the end of ablation season on 75.8% of the surface of Hansbreen. Copyright © 2019.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85062621972,

title = {Freshwater input to the arctic fjord hornsund (Svalbard)},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and D. Ignatiuk and A. Uszczyk and K. Cielecka-Nowak and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and M. Moskalik and W. Walczowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062621972&doi=10.33265%2fpolar.v38.3506&partnerID=40&md5=33151800504d66ff86c2fd25c5b8e431},

doi = {10.33265/polar.v38.3506},

issn = {08000395},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Polar Research},

volume = {38},

publisher = {Norwegian Polar Institute},

abstract = {Glaciers draining to the Hornsund basin (southern Spitsbergen; Svalbard) have experienced a significant retreat and mass volume loss over the last decades, increasing the input of freshwater into the fjord. An increase in freshwater input can influence fjord hydrology, hydrodynamics, sediment flux and biota, especially in a changing climate. Here, we describe the sources of freshwater supply to the fjord based on glaciological and meteorological data from the period 2006 to 2015. The average freshwater input from land to the Hornsund bay is calculated as 2517 ± 82 Mt a−1, with main contributions from glacier meltwater runoff (986 Mt a−1; 39%) and frontal ablation of tidewater glaciers (634 Mt a−1; 25%). Tidewater glaciers in Hornsund lose ca. 40% of their mass by frontal ablation. The terminus retreat component accounts for ca. 30% of the mass loss by frontal ablation, but it can vary between 17% and 44% depending on oceanological, meteorological and geomorphological factors. The contribution of the total precipitation over land excluding winter snowfall (520 Mt a−1), total precipitation over the fjord area (180 Mt a−1) and melting of the snow cover over unglaciated areas (197 Mt a−1) to the total freshwater input appear to be small: 21%, 7% and 8%, respectively. © 2019 M. Błaszczyk et al.},

note = {24},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85056177960,

title = {The Ice-Free Topography of Svalbard},

author = { J.J. Fürst and F.J. Navarro and F. Gillet-Chaulet and M. Huss and G. Moholdt and X. Fettweis and C. Lang and T. Seehaus and S. Ai and T.J. Benham and D.I. Benn and H. Björnsson and J.A. Dowdeswell and M. Grabiec and J. Kohler and I. Lavrentiev and K. Lindbäck and K. Melvold and R. Pettersson and D. Rippin and A. Saintenoy and P. Sánchez-Gámez and T.V. Schuler and H. Sevestre and E.V. Vasilenko and M.H. Braun},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056177960&doi=10.1029%2f2018GL079734&partnerID=40&md5=ac13caac031e68614f36ecfbbc73e8d2},

doi = {10.1029/2018GL079734},

issn = {00948276},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},

volume = {45},

number = {21},

pages = {11,760-11,769},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {We present a first version of the Svalbard ice-free topography (SVIFT1.0) using a mass conserving approach for mapping glacier ice thickness. SVIFT1.0 is informed by more than 1 million point measurements, totalling more than 8,700 km of thickness profiles. SVIFT1.0 is publicly available and represents the geometric state around the year 2010. Our estimate for the total ice volume is 6,199 km3, equivalent to 1.5-cm sea level rise. The thickness map suggests that 13% of the glacierized area is grounded below sea level. A complementary map of error estimates comprises uncertainties in the thickness surveys as well as in other input variables. Aggregated error estimates are used to define a likely ice-volume range of 5,200–7,300 km3. The ice front thickness of marine-terminating glaciers is a key quantity for ice loss attribution because it controls the potential ice discharge by iceberg calving into the ocean. We find a mean ice front thickness of 135 m for the archipelago (likely range 123–158 m). ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85031328749,

title = {Coast formation in an Arctic area due to glacier surge and retreat: The Hornbreen–Hambergbreen case from Spistbergen},

author = { M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and J.A. Jania and M. Moskalik and P. Głowacki and M. Błaszczyk and T. Budzik and W. Walczowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031328749&doi=10.1002%2fesp.4251&partnerID=40&md5=cb31a5efbe9ef9e0be3fcaf6d2c3809e},

doi = {10.1002/esp.4251},

issn = {01979337},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},

volume = {43},

number = {2},

pages = {387-400},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Glacierised coasts undergo faster geomorphic processes than unglaciated ones. We have studied changes of the coastal area in southern Svalbard with the glacier bridge between Torell Land and Sørkapp Land since the beginning of the 20th century. The existence of a continuous subglacial depression beneath the Hornbreen–Hambergbreen glacier system has been debated since the 1960s, with inconclusive results. In this study we assess both the subglacial topography and the bathymetry of Hornsund Fjord and Hambergbukta bay. This included ~40 km of radar surveys over the glacial system and sea depth sounding. The extent of the glaciers from maps and satellite images together with digital terrain models and surface elevation data based on GPS profiling were used to analyse geometry changes of the glacier surfaces. The results confirm the existence of a continuous subglacial depression below sea level (c. 40 m deep) between Hornsund and the Barents Sea. The Hornbreen-Hambergbreen system has changed in shape over the past century, reflecting its dynamic origin and activity, also exemplified by the sequential surges identified since 1899. There was a pre-surge build-up event of Flatbreen causing a surge and subsequent lowering of the Hornbreen-Hambergbreen frontal parts by the 1960s. After, the entire surface lowered, albeit with a delay in the Hornbreen terminal zone. Since the year 2000, Hornbreen terminus has retreated at an average rate of 106 m a−1; ~50% faster than that of Hambergbreen. If the retreat continues at the 2000–2015 average rate, the ice bridge between Hornsund and Hambergbukta will be broken sometime between 2055 and 2065 and the Hornsund strait will separate Sørkapp Land from the Spitsbergen island. The processes and events described in this study, particularly the effects of the glacier surge, may provide a model for changes likely to occur in other coastal glaciated regions experiencing rapid change. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

note = {29},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85042141556,

title = {Cold-temperate transition surface and permafrost base (CTS-PB) as an environmental axis in glacier-permafrost relationship, based on research carried out on the Storglaciären and its forefield, northern Sweden},

author = { W. Dobiński and M. Grabiec and M. Glazer},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042141556&doi=10.1017%2fqua.2017.65&partnerID=40&md5=57c8ce699962ef34b58327d8ac6d9013},

doi = {10.1017/qua.2017.65},

issn = {00335894},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Quaternary Research (United States)},

volume = {88},

number = {3},

pages = {551-569},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {Here, we present empirical ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electroresistivity tomography data (ERT) to verify the cold-temperate transition surface-permafrost base (CTS-PB) axis theoretical model. The data were collected from Storglaciären, in Tarfala, Northern Sweden, and its forefield. The GPR results show a material relation between the glacial ice and the sediments incorporated in the glacier, and a geophysical relation between the "cold ice" and the "temperate ice" layers. Clearly identifying lateral glacier margins is difficult, as periglacial and glacial environments frequently overlap. In this case, we identified areas showing permafrost aggradation already under the glacier, particularly where the CTS is replaced by the PB surface. This structure appears as a result of the influence of a cold climate over both the glacial and periglacial environments. The results show how these surfaces form a specific continuous environmental axis; thus, both glacial and periglacial areas can be treated uniformly as a specific continuum in the geophysical sense. Similarly, other examples previously described also allow identifying a continuation of permafrost from the periglacial environment onto the glacial base. In addition, the ERT results show the presence of double-layered periglacial permafrost, possibly suggesting a past climatic fluctuation in the study area. Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2017.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85028693606,

title = {Application of a two-step approach for mapping ice thickness to various glacier types on Svalbard},

author = { J. Jakob Fürst and F. Gillet-Chaulet and T.J. Benham and J.A. Dowdeswell and M. Grabiec and F.J. Navarro and R. Pettersson and G. Moholdt and C. Nuth and B. Sass and K. Aas and X. Fettweis and C. Lang and T. Seehaus and M.H. Braun},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028693606&doi=10.5194%2ftc-11-2003-2017&partnerID=40&md5=de6ddfe33ebab30f00ab1759e698dab1},

doi = {10.5194/tc-11-2003-2017},

issn = {19940416},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Cryosphere},

volume = {11},

number = {5},

pages = {2003-2032},

publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},

abstract = {The basal topography is largely unknown beneath most glaciers and ice caps, and many attempts have been made to estimate a thickness field from other more accessible information at the surface. Here, we present a two-step reconstruction approach for ice thickness that solves mass conservation over single or several connected drainage basins. The approach is applied to a variety of test geometries with abundant thickness measurements including marine- and land-terminating glaciers as well as a 2400-km2 ice cap on Svalbard. The input requirements are kept to a minimum for the first step. In this step, a geometrically controlled, non-local flux solution is converted into thickness values relying on the shallow ice approximation (SIA). In a second step, the thickness field is updated along fast-flowing glacier trunks on the basis of velocity observations. Both steps account for available thickness measurements. Each thickness field is presented together with an error-estimate map based on a formal propagation of input uncertainties. These error estimates point out that the thickness field is least constrained near ice divides or in other stagnant areas. Withholding a share of the thickness measurements, error estimates tend to overestimate mismatch values in a median sense. We also have to accept an aggregate uncertainty of at least 25-% in the reconstructed thickness field for glaciers with very sparse or no observations. For Vestfonna ice cap (VIC), a previous ice volume estimate based on the same measurement record as used here has to be corrected upward by 22-%. We also find that a 13-% area fraction of the ice cap is in fact grounded below sea level. The former 5-% estimate from a direct measurement interpolation exceeds an aggregate maximum range of 6-23-% as inferred from the error estimates here.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85031894997,

title = {Snow deposition patterns on southern spitsbergen glaciers, svalbard, in relation to recent meteorological conditions and local topography},

author = { M. Laska and M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and T. Budzik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031894997&doi=10.1080%2f04353676.2017.1327321&partnerID=40&md5=b5a0b4c516833a727793b0c6cc4111d0},

doi = {10.1080/04353676.2017.1327321},

issn = {04353676},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography},

volume = {99},

number = {3},

pages = {262-287},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {We present a detailed study on snow cover on six different glaciers southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard: Amundsenisen, Flatbreen, HansbreeNannbreen, Storbreen and Werenskioldbreen. Fieldwork was carried ouin April–May 2013, at the end of the accumulation season, to determinlarge-scale spatial distribution patterns of snow cover on glaciesurrounding the Hornsund Fjord. Snow depth was measured using 800 MHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR). In addition, the structure the snowpack was determined by digging snow pits and collectinsnow cores from different glacier facies. These samples wersubsequently analysed against circulation types and meteorological datfrom selected sites. In particular, snow patterns were compared againrain-on-snow events. The mean snow depth measures ranged fro1.90 m (Werenskioldbreen) to 3.80 m (Amundsenisen), whereas thaccumulation gradient ranged from 15 cm 100 m−1 (Storbreen) to 74 c100 m−1 (Nannbreen). These results followed previous observationsuggesting a decrease in snow accumulation from coastal areas towardthe island’s interior. The estimated snow water equivalent values werlower than those measured in the 1990s and during 2010 (Hansbreen: −48%), with the exception of Amundsenisen (c. +17%). The relativehigh densities found in the snowpack did not compensate for thshallow snow depths measured, which can be ascribed to loprecipitation totals and an increased frequency of rain events during thwinter months. © 2017 Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84962028438,

title = {Reflection of climate changes in the structure and morphodynamics of talus slopes (the Tatra Mountains, Poland)},

author = { B. Gądek and M. Grabiec and S. Kedzia and Z. Rączkowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962028438&doi=10.1016%2fj.geomorph.2016.03.024&partnerID=40&md5=a19f20c098d4d35af623800c8dba2c8e},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.03.024},

issn = {0169555X},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {263},

pages = {39-49},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Talus slopes beside glaciers are among the best objects to research on climate change. In the Tatra Mountains, the highest mountains of central Europe, no glaciers remain, only glacierets and permafrost. For that reasona complex investigation of talus slopes was conducted there in the years 2009-2010. This paper presents the results of GPR and lichenometric measurements of the talus slopes in six glacial cirques located in the High and Western Tatras. The thickness and internal structure of talus slopes were identified along with the variability and conditions of their development. Maximum thickness of the talus slopes ranges from 20 to 35 m, reaching higher values in the High Tatras. The diversity of the thickness of the talus slopes within the Tatras is mostly explained by differences in the relief conditioned by lithology. The diverse altitudinal locations of the talus slopes, and the exposure and inclinations are not reflected in the size and thickness. The thickness of the studied slopes depends primarily on the activity of the processes supplying rock material and on the size and shape of the sediment supply area. The results of the lichenometric testing together with the analysis of the long-term precipitation data imply a several hundred-year-long deterioration of the climate during the Little Ice Age, which is reflected in the increased activity of morphogenetic processes on the talus slopes across the whole massif of the Tatras. In the last 200 years, the talus slopes of the Tatras were most active in three periods: at the end of the Little Ice Age, in the 1930s and 1940s, and in the early 1970s. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84962024797,

title = {Variability of the snow avalanche danger in the Tatra Mountains during the past nine decades},

author = { B. Gądek and M. Grabiec and Z. Rączkowska and A. Maciata},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962024797&doi=10.7163%2fGPol.0046&partnerID=40&md5=0e101cb2cc991350bc726e6686db236b},

doi = {10.7163/GPol.0046},

issn = {00167282},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Geographia Polonica},

volume = {89},

number = {1},

pages = {65-77},

publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},

abstract = {In order to recognise the variability of the snow avalanche danger in the Tatra Mountains, the danger levels on consecutive days with snow cover over the last nine decades were calculated. To accomplish this task, the longest series of meteorological data were used from the Tatras along with an empirical method for determining the regional avalanche danger on the basis of elementary meteorological data. The results point to the fact that over the last 25 years the number of days with a level 2 avalanche danger significantly decreased, whereas the number of days with level 1 increased. This should result in a decreasing trend in the incidence of small and medium-sized natural avalanches. In the structure of snow cover, the percentage of melt forms might increase. However, this should not correlate with a significant increase in wet-snow avalanches, because the number of days with wet snow also reduces. The contemporary changes in the snow conditions and avalanche danger in the subalpine belt of the Tatras have been primarily associated with an increase in the air temperature (shorter winters and less snow). © 2016, Bogdan Gądek et al.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84902188529,

title = {Ice volume estimates from ground-penetrating radar surveys, Wedel Jarlsberg Land glaciers, Svalbard},

author = { F.J. Navarro and A. Martín-Español and J.J. Lapazaran and M. Grabiec and J. Otero and E.V. Vasilenko and D. Puczko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902188529&doi=10.1657%2f1938-4246-46.2.394&partnerID=40&md5=4dbee35f4dc44b1d4145d1813715ca96},

doi = {10.1657/1938-4246-46.2.394},

issn = {15230430},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research},

volume = {46},

number = {2},

pages = {394-406},

publisher = {Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research},

abstract = {We present ground-penetrating radar (GPR)-based volume calculations, with associated error estimates, for eight glaciers on Wedel Jarlsberg Land, southwestern Spitsbergen, Svalbard, and compare them with those obtained from volume-area scaling relationships. The volume estimates are based upon GPR ice-thickness data collected during the period 2004-2013. The total area and volume of the ensemble are 502.91 ± 18.60 km2 and 91.91 ± 3.12 km3, respectively. The individual areas, volumes, and average ice thickness lie within 0.37-140.99 km2, 0.01-31.98 km3, and 28-227 m, respectively, with a maximum recorded ice thickness of 619 ± 13 m on Austre Torellbreen. To estimate the ice volume of unsurveyed tributary glaciers, we combine polynomial cross-sections with a function providing the best fit to the measured ice thickness along the center line of a collection of 22 surveyed tributaries. For the time-to-depth conversion of GPR data, we test the use of a glacierwide constant radio-wave velocity chosen on the basis of local or regional common midpoint measurements, versus the use of distinct velocities for the firn, cold ice, and temperate ice layers, concluding that the corresponding volume calculations agree with each other within their error bounds.},

note = {31},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84889669432,

title = {Variability of temperature and thickness of permafrost active layer at coastal sites of Svalbard},

author = { P. Dolnicki and M. Grabiec and D. Puczko and Ł. Gawor and T. Budzik and J. Klementowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84889669432&doi=10.2478%2fpopore-2013-0026&partnerID=40&md5=3c76f2064f72ecace9d6bd572ae4fb79},

doi = {10.2478/popore-2013-0026},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {34},

number = {4},

pages = {353-374},

abstract = {We present the variability of the thermal state and thickness of permafrost active layer at the raised marine beaches in Svalbard. The investigations were carried out using direct probing, thaw tube, ground temperature and radar soundings at Holocene strand plains 10-20 m a.s.l. in Fuglebergsletta (SW Spitsbergen) and at the shore of Kinnvika Bay (Nordaustlandet). Their results were compared to those obtained at other coastal sites in Svalbard. The ground temperature measurements were conducted in 2009 on August, recognized as the standard month for the maximum thawing during the last decade. The studied sites are typical for close to extreme active layer conditions on Svalbard. In Hornsund, the thawing depth exceeded 2 m, while in Kinnvika the active layer was thinner than 1 m. In Svalbard, the depth of thawing decreases generally from south to north and from the open sea coast to the central parts of islands. These differences are the consequence of diverse climatic conditions strongly determined by the radiation balance modified by a number of regional (e.g. ocean circulation) and local (e.g. duration of snow deposition) conditions.},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84883340263,

title = {Snowdrift modelling for the vestfonna ice cap, north-eastern Svalbard},

author = { T. Sauter and M. Möller and R. Finkelnburg and M. Grabiec and D. Scherer and C. Schneider},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883340263&doi=10.5194%2ftc-7-1287-2013&partnerID=40&md5=303f6c212d6205bcea79d606c37c438b},

doi = {10.5194/tc-7-1287-2013},

issn = {19940416},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Cryosphere},

volume = {7},

number = {4},

pages = {1287-1301},

abstract = {The redistribution of snow by drifting and blowing snow frequently leads to an inhomogeneous snow mass distribution on larger ice caps. Together with the thermodynamic impact of drifting snow sublimation on the lower atmospheric boundary layer, these processes affect the glacier surface mass balance. This study provides a first quantification of snowdrift and sublimation of blowing and drifting snow on the Vestfonna ice cap (Svalbard) by using the specifically designed snow2blow snowdrift model. The model is forced by atmospheric fields from the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting model and resolves processes on a spatial resolution of 250 m. The model is applied to the Vestfonna ice cap for the accumulation period 2008/2009. Comparison with radio-echo soundings and snow-pit measurements show that important local-scale processes are resolved by the model and the overall snow accumulation pattern is reproduced. The findings indicate that there is a significant redistribution of snow mass from the interior of the ice cap to the surrounding areas and ice slopes. Drifting snow sublimation of suspended snow is found to be stronger during spring. It is concluded that the redistribution process is strong enough to have a significant impact on glacier mass balance. © 2013 ESO.},

note = {26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84867206955,

title = {The effect of discrete recharge by moulins and heterogeneity in flow-path efficiency at glacier beds on subglacial hydrology},

author = { J.D. Gulley and M. Grabiec and J.B. Martin and J.A. Jania and G. Catania and P. Głowacki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867206955&doi=10.3189%2f2012JoG11J189&partnerID=40&md5=47a1255f220608e2815a9fcbaaedfe13},

doi = {10.3189/2012JoG11J189},

issn = {00221430},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Glaciology},

volume = {58},

number = {211},

pages = {926-940},

abstract = {Subglacial conduit systems are thought to consist of dendritic networks that exist at lower pressure than distributed systems and have locations that are determined by theoretical hydraulic potential. On glaciers with moulins, however, meltwater is delivered to glacier beds at discrete points, violating assumptions of uniform recharge needed to calculate potential. To understand how moulins affect subglacial conduit hydrology, we used speleological techniques to map 0.4km of subglacial conduit at the base of a moulin in Hansbreen, Svalbard, and compared our observations with theoretical predictions. The conduit began in an area predicted to lack drainage, crossed equipotential contours at oblique rather than right angles and was locally anastomotic rather than dendritic. We propose Moulin locations, which are determined by the locations of supraglacial streams and crevasses, control locations of subglacial recharge. Because conduits have no direct causal relationship with gradients in effective pressure, this recharge can form conduits in areas of glacier beds that may not be predicted by hydraulic potential theory to have conduits. Recharge by moulins allows hydraulic head to increase in conduits faster and to higher values than in adjacent distributed systems, resulting in an increase rather than a decrease in glacier sliding speeds above subglacial conduits.},

note = {34},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84863797864,

title = {Surface and bed morphology of hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in Spitsbergen},

author = { M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and D. Puczko and L. Kolondra and T. Budzik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863797864&doi=10.2478%2fv10183-012-0010-7&partnerID=40&md5=a30d84525bc8e18b86bb911f30da0e99},

doi = {10.2478/v10183-012-0010-7},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {33},

number = {2},

pages = {111-138},

abstract = {Hansbreen, a medium size tidewater glacier in Southern Spitsbergen (Svalbard) is one of the most intensively studied glaciers in the Arctic. This work presents new digital elevation models of its surface and basal topography based on data collected during GPS/GPR campaigns conducted in the spring seasons of 2005 and 2008, as well as on other recent topographic/bathymetric sources. The mean thickness of the glacier is calculated as 171 m and its volume is estimated to be 9.6 (±0.1) km3. The main feature of the bedrock morphology is a vast depression that is overdeepened below sea level and extends as far as 11 km upstream from the glacier front. This depression is divided into four individual basins by distinct sills that are related to the main geological/tectonic features of the area. The bedrock morphology affects considerably the glacier's surface topography. The influence of bedrock and surface relief on the subglacial drainage system geometry is discussed. Vast depressions on the glacier surface favor concentration of meltwater and development of moulin systems.},

note = {39},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84861519041,

title = {Modeling and hindcasting of the mass balance of werenskioldbreen (Southern Svalbard)},

author = { M. Grabiec and T. Budzik and P. Głowacki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861519041&doi=10.1657%2f1938-4246-44.2.164&partnerID=40&md5=2048bd5e3bc0aaebf840ba2d86d277b6},

doi = {10.1657/1938-4246-44.2.164},

issn = {15230430},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research},

volume = {44},

number = {2},

pages = {164-179},

abstract = {The authors propose a model of glacial mass balance based on correlations with meteorological observations and data from climate re-analysis. The minimum input data required include the following: average monthly temperature on the glacier and in its vicinity during summertime for a reference time period, average monthly air temperature, and average precipitation total at the nearest weather station or from re-analysis. This model was used to hindcast the mass balance and its components at Werenskioldbreen (southern Svalbard) over the period 1912-2005. The hindcast specific mass balance was then used to estimate the change in the thickness of the snout of Werenskioldbreen over the period 1958-1990. These results were compared with results obtained using a cartographic method. Comparing the topographic maps, the glacier front lowered 28.7 m on average over 32 years. The average difference in the calculation of the change in glacier thickness between these two methods amounted to 3.7 m (based on meteorological data) and 0.2 m (using ERA-40). The discrepancy of less than 13% confirmed that the method is a reasonably accurate way of predicting past glacier mass balance. The proposed method can find a broad application in hindcasting the mass balances of small Svalbard glaciers where observation data are scarce or nonexistent.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84855509649,

title = {Spatial relationship in interaction between glacier and permafrost in different mountainous environments of high and mid latitudes, based on GPR research},

author = { W. Dobiński and M. Grabiec and B. Gądek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855509649&partnerID=40&md5=5a2d6fd4ed1331e210baf4982635de7d},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {55},

number = {4},

pages = {375-388},

abstract = {Ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were conducted on both the glaciers and their forefields inthe Tatra Mountains, Northern Scandinavia and on Spitsbergen-between the 49° and 77° latitudes. The results show that the glacial and periglacial environments interpenetrate. Permafrost is present in the glacier, and glacial ice may occur in the periglacial environment. What is common for both the environments is the perennial melting point surface, with the temperature close to 0°C. In the glacier it is the boundary of the cold-tem-perate transition surface and on the forefield - permafrost base.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84855494793,

title = {Snow distribution patterns on Svalbard glaciers derived from radio-echo soundings},

author = { M. Grabiec and D. Puczko and T. Budzik and G. Gajek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855494793&doi=10.2478%2fv10183-011-0026-4&partnerID=40&md5=c314433663eef3253e741615d5e4c527},

doi = {10.2478/v10183-011-0026-4},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {32},

number = {4},

pages = {393-421},

abstract = {The spatial distribution of snow thickness on glaciers is driven by a set of climatological, meteorological, topographical and orographic conditions. This work presents results of snow accumulation studies carried out from 2006 to 2009 on glaciers of different types: valley glacier, ice plateau and ice cap. In order to determine snow depth, a shallow radio echo-sounding method was used. Based on the results, the following snow distribution patterns on Svalbard glaciers have been distinguished: precipitation pattern, precipitation-redistribution pattern, redistribution pattern and complex pattern. The precipitation pattern assumes that the snow distribution on glaciers follows the altitudinal gradient. If the accumulation gradient is significantly modified by local factors like wind erosion and redeposition, or local variability of precipitation, the accumulation pattern turns into the precipitation-redistribution pattern. In the redistribution pattern, local factors play a crucial role in the spatial variability of snow depth. The complex pattern, however, demonstrates the co-existence of different snow distribution patterns on a single glacial object (glacier/ice cap/ice field).},

note = {24},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-83055169888,

title = {Snowpack Characteristics of Vestfonna and de Geerfonna (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard) - A Spatiotemporal Analysis Based on Multiyear Snow-Pit Data},

author = { M. Möller and R. Möller and E. Beaudon and O.P. Mattila and R. Finkelnburg and M.H. Braun and M. Grabiec and U. Jonsell and B. Luks and D. Puczko and D. Scherer and C. Schneider},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-83055169888&doi=10.1111%2fj.1468-0459.2011.00440.x&partnerID=40&md5=cfa843583e3d3e004e3da1f09755d9eb},

doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0459.2011.00440.x},

issn = {04353676},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography},

volume = {93},

number = {4},

pages = {273-285},

abstract = {Extensive glaciological field measurements were carried out on the ice cap Vestfonna as well as on the minor ice body De Geerfonna (Nordaustlandet; Svalbard) within the framework of IPY Kinnvika. Field campaigns were conducted during the period 2007-2010 in spring (April/May) and summer (August). In this study we compile and present snow cover information obtained from 22 snow pits that were dug on Vestfonna during this period. Locations are along two transects on the northwestern, land terminating slope of the ice cap, on its central summit, Ahlmann Summit, and at a set of several other locations in the eastern and northern part of the ice cap. Snow-cover information acquired from four snow pits on adjacent De Geerfonna is also incorporated in this study. Field data are analysed regarding snow stratigraphy, snow density, snow hardness and snow temperature. Results reveal mean snow densities of around 400kgm-3 for the snowpack of Vestfonna with no apparent spatial or interannual variability. A distinctly higher value of more than 450kgm-3 was obtained for De Geerfonna. A spatial comparison of snow water equivalents above the previous end-of-summer surface serves for obtaining insights into the spatial distribution of snow accumulation across Vestfonna. Altitude was found to be the only significant spatial parameter for controlling snow accumulation across the ice cap. © The authors 2011. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography © 2011 Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33846352527,

title = {Distribution of snow accumulation on some glaciers of Spitsbergen},

author = { M. Grabiec and J. Leszkiewicz and P. Głowacki and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33846352527&partnerID=40&md5=6e794b71d5d00f1e3e672b2754a7b6a0},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {27},

number = {4},

pages = {309-326},

abstract = {We describe the spatial variability of snow accumulation on three selected glaciers in Spitsbergen (Hansbreen; Werenskioldbreen and Aavatsmarkbreen) in the winter seasons of 1988/89, 1998/99 and 2001/2002 respectively. The distribution of snow cover is determined by the interrelationships between the direction of the glacier axes and the dominant easterly winds. The snow distribution is regular on the glaciers located E-W, but is more complicated on the glaciers located meridionally. The western part of glaciers is more predisposed to the snow accumulation than the eastern. This is due to snowdrift intensity. Statistical relationships between snow accumulation, deviation of accumulation from the mean values and accumulation variability related to topographic parameters such as: altitude, slope inclination, aspect, slope curvature and distance from the edge of the glacier have been determined. The only significant relations occured between snow accumulation and altitude (r = 0.64-0.91).},

note = {27},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}