• dr Zbigniew Jelonek
Position: adiunkt
Unit: Instytut Nauk o Ziemi
Adress: 41-200 Sosnowiec, ul. Będzińska 60
Floor: XI
Room: 1106
Phone:
E-mail: zbigniew.jelonek@us.edu.pl
Publications list: Publications by CINiBA
Publications list: Publications by OPUS
Scopus Author ID: 57215602800
Publications from the Scopus database
2024
Chećko, A.; Jelonek, Z.; Jelonek, I.
Qualitative analysis as a tool for reducing investment risks in post-mining areas located in urban structures Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 19, no. 5 May, 2024, ISSN: 19326203.
@article{2-s2.0-85194761146,
title = {Qualitative analysis as a tool for reducing investment risks in post-mining areas located in urban structures},
author = { A. Chećko and Z. Jelonek and I. Jelonek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85194761146&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0302058&partnerID=40&md5=46dd4220127ed51c539b8c013ff794cf},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0302058},
issn = {19326203},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {19},
number = {5 May},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {Urban development is not a process of even and planned progression on residential-industrial sites. Enclaves of high-standard space separate degraded and abandoned areas after industrial use has ended. The idea of the compact city is challenged by the need to search for niches for possible development and even to respond to crisis situations. Changing the approach to postmining sites located inside urban spaces generates an alternative to urban sprawl and the squandering of the stock of fertile suburban agricultural land. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the urban presence of postmining sites, to take a systemic view of ways to identify and describe their specific elements and to determine their impact, from the perspective of different user groups, on the quality of space. This research combined expert knowledge and the practical experience of users to create a model for a multilevel audit of postmining spaces. Knowledge about the postmining environment was transferred to landscape and urban design, creating a universal tool for developing strategies to increase the standard utilitarian functions of revitalized postmining areas. This tool will be useful at an early stage of urban development, management and planning. © 2024 Checko et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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Urban development is not a process of even and planned progression on residential-industrial sites. Enclaves of high-standard space separate degraded and abandoned areas after industrial use has ended. The idea of the compact city is challenged by the need to search for niches for possible development and even to respond to crisis situations. Changing the approach to postmining sites located inside urban spaces generates an alternative to urban sprawl and the squandering of the stock of fertile suburban agricultural land. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the urban presence of postmining sites, to take a systemic view of ways to identify and describe their specific elements and to determine their impact, from the perspective of different user groups, on the quality of space. This research combined expert knowledge and the practical experience of users to create a model for a multilevel audit of postmining spaces. Knowledge about the postmining environment was transferred to landscape and urban design, creating a universal tool for developing strategies to increase the standard utilitarian functions of revitalized postmining areas. This tool will be useful at an early stage of urban development, management and planning. © 2024 Checko et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Drobniak, A.; Jelonek, Z.; Mastalerz, M.; Jelonek, I.; Widziewicz-Rzońca, K.
Quality assessment of biomass pellets available on the market; example from Poland Journal Article
In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 31, no. 23, pp. 33942-33959, 2024, ISSN: 09441344.
@article{2-s2.0-85191987749,
title = {Quality assessment of biomass pellets available on the market; example from Poland},
author = { A. Drobniak and Z. Jelonek and M. Mastalerz and I. Jelonek and K. Widziewicz-Rzońca},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85191987749&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-024-33452-1&partnerID=40&md5=62bf124ba993e9a05409f16048ae469b},
doi = {10.1007/s11356-024-33452-1},
issn = {09441344},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
volume = {31},
number = {23},
pages = {33942-33959},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {This study evaluates the quality of 30 biomass pellets sold for residential use in Poland. It provides data on their physical, chemical, and petrographic properties and compares them to existing standards and the information provided by the fuel producers. The results reveal considerable variations in the quality of the pellets and show that some of the purchased samples are not within the DINplus and/or ENplus certification thresholds. Among all 30 purchased samples, only one passes the quality thresholds set by the PL-US BIO, a newly established quality certification in Poland that combines quality assessment following DINplus with optical microscopy analysis. The primary issues causing a decrease in pellet quality include elevated ash and fines content, compromised mechanical durability, too low ash melting temperature, and additions of undesired additions like bark, inorganic matter, and petroleum products. Our research highlights the need for improved fuel quality control measures, and transparent and accurate product labeling, as well as the need for a comprehensive and publicly available national database of solid biomass fuel producers and fuels sold. These are essential steps toward increasing customers’ awareness and trust, encouraging them to embrace biomass fuels as reliable and sustainable sources of energy. © The Author(s) 2024.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study evaluates the quality of 30 biomass pellets sold for residential use in Poland. It provides data on their physical, chemical, and petrographic properties and compares them to existing standards and the information provided by the fuel producers. The results reveal considerable variations in the quality of the pellets and show that some of the purchased samples are not within the DINplus and/or ENplus certification thresholds. Among all 30 purchased samples, only one passes the quality thresholds set by the PL-US BIO, a newly established quality certification in Poland that combines quality assessment following DINplus with optical microscopy analysis. The primary issues causing a decrease in pellet quality include elevated ash and fines content, compromised mechanical durability, too low ash melting temperature, and additions of undesired additions like bark, inorganic matter, and petroleum products. Our research highlights the need for improved fuel quality control measures, and transparent and accurate product labeling, as well as the need for a comprehensive and publicly available national database of solid biomass fuel producers and fuels sold. These are essential steps toward increasing customers’ awareness and trust, encouraging them to embrace biomass fuels as reliable and sustainable sources of energy. © The Author(s) 2024.
2023
Kuś, S.; Jelonek, I.; Jelonek, Z.
Effects of thermal treatment of food using barbecue fuels on ambient air and beach sands within recreation facilities Journal Article
In: Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, 2023, ISSN: 20452322.
@article{2-s2.0-85174465500,
title = {Effects of thermal treatment of food using barbecue fuels on ambient air and beach sands within recreation facilities},
author = { S. Kuś and I. Jelonek and Z. Jelonek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85174465500&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-023-45023-4&partnerID=40&md5=43d00e6430744f74134a15020468bcb1},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-45023-4},
issn = {20452322},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
publisher = {Nature Research},
abstract = {Organised bathing areas located within leisure facilities, in addition to the function typical of their purpose, allow in most cases the use of their own barbecue facilities. This type of cooking of food before consumption is very popular during leisure time at the waterfront. However, cooking food on a barbecue produces fumes emitted from both the fuel being burned and the food being grilled. In addition, the fat from the grilled food falls on the hearth, contributing to the release of further toxic compounds and, in many cases, together with other exhaust fumes, causing considerable smoke and the summer smog effect. Such cumulative gases emitted by irregularly dispersed barbecues repeatedly irritate the respiratory tract of beachgoers in the area of these devices, and the residue of unburned barbecue fuel contaminates the resting area. Small pieces of charcoal of various textures tend to sink into the sand when exposed to the elements and can pose a risk to young children playing on the beach by causing choking and minor injuries. The study revealed an assumed range of exposure to dust and gases emitted from barbecuing that extended up to 40 m from the hearth. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the thermal processing of food using barbecue fuels could lead to increased contamination of beach sands from the fuel itself and food storage materials. Therefore, taking into account the studies carried out showing the adverse effects of active barbecues on beach sands and, above all, the atmospheric air and directly on beachgoers, administrators of recreational facilities should strive to concentrate these devices at a distance (up to several tens of metres) from beaches and bathing areas. © 2023, Springer Nature Limited.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Organised bathing areas located within leisure facilities, in addition to the function typical of their purpose, allow in most cases the use of their own barbecue facilities. This type of cooking of food before consumption is very popular during leisure time at the waterfront. However, cooking food on a barbecue produces fumes emitted from both the fuel being burned and the food being grilled. In addition, the fat from the grilled food falls on the hearth, contributing to the release of further toxic compounds and, in many cases, together with other exhaust fumes, causing considerable smoke and the summer smog effect. Such cumulative gases emitted by irregularly dispersed barbecues repeatedly irritate the respiratory tract of beachgoers in the area of these devices, and the residue of unburned barbecue fuel contaminates the resting area. Small pieces of charcoal of various textures tend to sink into the sand when exposed to the elements and can pose a risk to young children playing on the beach by causing choking and minor injuries. The study revealed an assumed range of exposure to dust and gases emitted from barbecuing that extended up to 40 m from the hearth. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the thermal processing of food using barbecue fuels could lead to increased contamination of beach sands from the fuel itself and food storage materials. Therefore, taking into account the studies carried out showing the adverse effects of active barbecues on beach sands and, above all, the atmospheric air and directly on beachgoers, administrators of recreational facilities should strive to concentrate these devices at a distance (up to several tens of metres) from beaches and bathing areas. © 2023, Springer Nature Limited.
Drobniak, A.; Mastalerz, M.; Jelonek, Z.; Jelonek, I.; Adsul, T.; Andolšek, N. M.; Ardakani, O. H.; Congo, T.; Demberelsuren, B.; Donohoe, B. S.; Douds, A.; Flores, D.; Ganzorig, R.; Ghosh, S.; Giże, A. P.; Gonçalves, P. A.; Hackley, P. C.; Hatcherian, J. J.; Hower, J. C.; Kalaitzidis, S.; Kędzior, S.; Knowles, W. R.; Kus, J.; Lis, K.; Lis, G. P.; Liu, Be.; Luo, Q.; Du, M.; Mishra, D. K.; Misz-Kennan, M.; Mugerwa, T.; Nedzweckas, J. L.; O'Keefe, J. M. K.; Park, Ja.; Pearson, R.; Petersen, H. I.; Reyes, J.; Ribeiro, J.; de la Rosa-Rodríguez, G.; Sosnowski, P.; Valentine, B. J.; Varma, A. K.; Wojtaszek-Kalaitzidi, M.; Xu, Zh.; Zdravkov, A.; Ziemianin, K.
Interlaboratory study: Testing reproducibility of solid biofuels component identification using reflected light microscopy Journal Article
In: International Journal of Coal Geology, vol. 277, 2023, ISSN: 01665162, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85168546328,
title = {Interlaboratory study: Testing reproducibility of solid biofuels component identification using reflected light microscopy},
author = { A. Drobniak and M. Mastalerz and Z. Jelonek and I. Jelonek and T. Adsul and N.M. Andolšek and O.H. Ardakani and T. Congo and B. Demberelsuren and B.S. Donohoe and A. Douds and D. Flores and R. Ganzorig and S. Ghosh and A.P. Giże and P.A. Gonçalves and P.C. Hackley and J.J. Hatcherian and J.C. Hower and S. Kalaitzidis and S. Kędzior and W.R. Knowles and J. Kus and K. Lis and G.P. Lis and Be. Liu and Q. Luo and M. Du and D.K. Mishra and M. Misz-Kennan and T. Mugerwa and J.L. Nedzweckas and J.M.K. O'Keefe and Ja. Park and R. Pearson and H.I. Petersen and J. Reyes and J. Ribeiro and G. de la Rosa-Rodríguez and P. Sosnowski and B.J. Valentine and A.K. Varma and M. Wojtaszek-Kalaitzidi and Zh. Xu and A. Zdravkov and K. Ziemianin},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85168546328&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2023.104331&partnerID=40&md5=437705b071d6453eaaf41d2816f52333},
doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2023.104331},
issn = {01665162},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},
volume = {277},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Considering global market trends and concerns about climate change and sustainability, increased biomass use for energy is expected to continue. As more diverse materials are being utilized to manufacture solid biomass fuels, it is critical to implement quality assessment methods to analyze these fuels thoroughly. One such method is reflected light microscopy (RLM), which has the potential to complement and enhance current standard testing, leading to improving fuel quality assessment and, ultimately, preventing avoidable air pollution. An interlaboratory study (ILS) was conducted to test the reproducibility of biomass fuels component identification using a reflected light microscopy technique. The exercise was conducted on thirty photomicrographs showing biomass and various undesired components (like plastics or mineral matter), which were purposely added (by the ILS organizers) to contaminate wood pellets and charcoal-based grilling fuels. Forty-six participants had various levels of difficulty identifying the marked components, and as a result, the percentage of correct answers ranged from 52.2 to 94.4%. Among the most difficult components to distinguish were petroleum products and inorganic matter. Various reasons led to the misidentification, including insufficient morphological descriptions of the components provided to participants, ambiguities of the nomenclature, limitations of the analytical and exercise method, and insufficient experience of the participants. Overall, the results indicate that RLM has the potential to enhance the quality assessment of biomass fuels. However, they also demonstrate that the petrographic classification used in this exercise requires further refinement before it can be standardized. While a new simplified classification of solid biomass fuels components was created as an outcome of this study, future research is necessary to refine the nomenclature, develop a microscopic morphological description of the components, and verify the accuracy of component identification with a follow-up ILS. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Considering global market trends and concerns about climate change and sustainability, increased biomass use for energy is expected to continue. As more diverse materials are being utilized to manufacture solid biomass fuels, it is critical to implement quality assessment methods to analyze these fuels thoroughly. One such method is reflected light microscopy (RLM), which has the potential to complement and enhance current standard testing, leading to improving fuel quality assessment and, ultimately, preventing avoidable air pollution. An interlaboratory study (ILS) was conducted to test the reproducibility of biomass fuels component identification using a reflected light microscopy technique. The exercise was conducted on thirty photomicrographs showing biomass and various undesired components (like plastics or mineral matter), which were purposely added (by the ILS organizers) to contaminate wood pellets and charcoal-based grilling fuels. Forty-six participants had various levels of difficulty identifying the marked components, and as a result, the percentage of correct answers ranged from 52.2 to 94.4%. Among the most difficult components to distinguish were petroleum products and inorganic matter. Various reasons led to the misidentification, including insufficient morphological descriptions of the components provided to participants, ambiguities of the nomenclature, limitations of the analytical and exercise method, and insufficient experience of the participants. Overall, the results indicate that RLM has the potential to enhance the quality assessment of biomass fuels. However, they also demonstrate that the petrographic classification used in this exercise requires further refinement before it can be standardized. While a new simplified classification of solid biomass fuels components was created as an outcome of this study, future research is necessary to refine the nomenclature, develop a microscopic morphological description of the components, and verify the accuracy of component identification with a follow-up ILS. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Drobniak, A.; Jelonek, Z.; Mastalerz, M.; Jelonek, I.
Residential gasification of solid biomass: Influence of raw material on emissions Journal Article
In: International Journal of Coal Geology, vol. 271, 2023, ISSN: 01665162, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85153081975,
title = {Residential gasification of solid biomass: Influence of raw material on emissions},
author = { A. Drobniak and Z. Jelonek and M. Mastalerz and I. Jelonek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85153081975&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2023.104247&partnerID=40&md5=6f0ed35f6ddabdcef9e0c9d8cdc21dde},
doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2023.104247},
issn = {01665162},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},
volume = {271},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {With interest rising in biomass use, biomass gasification has the potential to become an imperative mechanism to deliver clean conversion of various types of solid biomass to gas. But as biomass gasification attracts growing interest, it is important to focus not only on the technological feasibility but also fully understand its environmental impact to eliminate avoidable air pollution. In this study, we investigated relationships between the composition of 14 types of solid biomass fuels and their gasification emissions in a small-scale residential outdoor setting. Our results show that the amount and type of produced emissions are strongly influenced by the gasified feed. Combining chemical and petrographic analysis proved to be a robust quality assessment method of solid biomass fuels, allowing for quick detection of their contaminants. These impurities can be directly correlated with elevated particulate matter emissions, CO, H2S, HCHO, NH3, SO2, NOx, and respiratory tract irritants. These observations show that quality testing of biomass fuels is critical not only for ensuring their high quality but also for predicting avoidable air pollution during their utilization. Although our data revealed relationships between the type of biomass fuel and gasification emissions, in general, our experiments show that small-scale gasification in a residential setting is a safe technology, and potential hazards can be eliminated by using certified fuels and ensuring appropriate distance from the source of emissions. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
With interest rising in biomass use, biomass gasification has the potential to become an imperative mechanism to deliver clean conversion of various types of solid biomass to gas. But as biomass gasification attracts growing interest, it is important to focus not only on the technological feasibility but also fully understand its environmental impact to eliminate avoidable air pollution. In this study, we investigated relationships between the composition of 14 types of solid biomass fuels and their gasification emissions in a small-scale residential outdoor setting. Our results show that the amount and type of produced emissions are strongly influenced by the gasified feed. Combining chemical and petrographic analysis proved to be a robust quality assessment method of solid biomass fuels, allowing for quick detection of their contaminants. These impurities can be directly correlated with elevated particulate matter emissions, CO, H2S, HCHO, NH3, SO2, NOx, and respiratory tract irritants. These observations show that quality testing of biomass fuels is critical not only for ensuring their high quality but also for predicting avoidable air pollution during their utilization. Although our data revealed relationships between the type of biomass fuel and gasification emissions, in general, our experiments show that small-scale gasification in a residential setting is a safe technology, and potential hazards can be eliminated by using certified fuels and ensuring appropriate distance from the source of emissions. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Kuś, S.; Jelonek, Z.; Jelonek, I.; Sierka, E. M.
Estimating solid contaminant levels in beach sands through petrographic analysis, screening evaluation, and optical imaging Journal Article
In: Archives of Environmental Protection, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 50-63, 2023, ISSN: 20834772.
@article{2-s2.0-85181520426,
title = {Estimating solid contaminant levels in beach sands through petrographic analysis, screening evaluation, and optical imaging},
author = { S. Kuś and Z. Jelonek and I. Jelonek and E.M. Sierka},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85181520426&doi=10.24425%2faep.2023.147328&partnerID=40&md5=5db04ab33353a923beefa83c97bd9364},
doi = {10.24425/aep.2023.147328},
issn = {20834772},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Environmental Protection},
volume = {49},
number = {3},
pages = {50-63},
publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},
abstract = {Determining the level of solid pollution in beach sands located near artificial inland water bodies in order to maintain high safety standards is a difficult and expensive task. The tests aimed at determining beach pollution caused by solid wastes through analysis of toxic and chemical concentrations, are time-consuming and usually require several days before the results are available. In addition, the maintenance of the beach area involving beach raking or grooming, and the seasonal replenishment of sand makes it difficult to realistically determine the chemical or bacterial contamination of the tested material. Solid pollutants, such as glass, caps, cans, thick foil, metal, and plastic fragments, pose a greater health risk to beachgoers. The above-mentioned pollutants, especially small ones, are hardly visible on the surface or they are buried at shallow depths. Beach garbage poses a serious threat that can lead to infections from cuts and scratches. These injuries can become infected, further jeopardizing the health and lives of beachgoers due to risks like tetanus, staphylococcus, etc. The authors presented a new petrographic method aimed at assessing the quality of sand by examining the content of solid pollutants. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the mentioned procedure can be used for a quick quantitative estimation of the content of potentially dangerous and undesirable pollutants in beach sands. Consequently, the method implemented to determent the amount of solid pollutants in beach sands has proven to be a valuable tool for recreational facility administrators, helping them in taking necessary measures to ensure the safety of beach users. Petrographic analysis of beach sands revealed the presence of pollutants of plant origin (0.4–1.8%), plastic (0.1–0.4%), paper (0.1–0.6%), charcoal (0.1–0.5%), glass (0.1–0.4%), metals (0.1–0.4%), rust (0.1–0.3%), ash and slag (0.1–0.3%), and fossil coals (0.1–0.2%). © 2023 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Determining the level of solid pollution in beach sands located near artificial inland water bodies in order to maintain high safety standards is a difficult and expensive task. The tests aimed at determining beach pollution caused by solid wastes through analysis of toxic and chemical concentrations, are time-consuming and usually require several days before the results are available. In addition, the maintenance of the beach area involving beach raking or grooming, and the seasonal replenishment of sand makes it difficult to realistically determine the chemical or bacterial contamination of the tested material. Solid pollutants, such as glass, caps, cans, thick foil, metal, and plastic fragments, pose a greater health risk to beachgoers. The above-mentioned pollutants, especially small ones, are hardly visible on the surface or they are buried at shallow depths. Beach garbage poses a serious threat that can lead to infections from cuts and scratches. These injuries can become infected, further jeopardizing the health and lives of beachgoers due to risks like tetanus, staphylococcus, etc. The authors presented a new petrographic method aimed at assessing the quality of sand by examining the content of solid pollutants. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the mentioned procedure can be used for a quick quantitative estimation of the content of potentially dangerous and undesirable pollutants in beach sands. Consequently, the method implemented to determent the amount of solid pollutants in beach sands has proven to be a valuable tool for recreational facility administrators, helping them in taking necessary measures to ensure the safety of beach users. Petrographic analysis of beach sands revealed the presence of pollutants of plant origin (0.4–1.8%), plastic (0.1–0.4%), paper (0.1–0.6%), charcoal (0.1–0.5%), glass (0.1–0.4%), metals (0.1–0.4%), rust (0.1–0.3%), ash and slag (0.1–0.3%), and fossil coals (0.1–0.2%). © 2023 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
2022
Chećko, A.; Jelonek, I.; Jelonek, Z.
Study on restoring abandoned mine lands to economically usable state using the post-occupancy evaluation method Journal Article
In: Land Degradation and Development, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1836-1845, 2022, ISSN: 10853278, (3).
@article{2-s2.0-85127503545,
title = {Study on restoring abandoned mine lands to economically usable state using the post-occupancy evaluation method},
author = { A. Chećko and I. Jelonek and Z. Jelonek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127503545&doi=10.1002%2fldr.4265&partnerID=40&md5=5f927a4dac9435671b99663a9a88ef9b},
doi = {10.1002/ldr.4265},
issn = {10853278},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Land Degradation and Development},
volume = {33},
number = {11},
pages = {1836-1845},
publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},
abstract = {Abandoned mine lands are a common element of the contemporary landscape. In administrative practice, they are rated low, yet they are of interest to informal users and scientific and cultural communities. The aim of our research was to identify the possibilities of using qualitative research methods, applied in architecture, to create friendly, urban spaces with a universal character in the areas of abandoned quarries. The study was conducted in the Sadowa Góra quarry area in southern Poland, using the post occupancy evaluation (POE) method. The results of the conducted analysis confirm the effectiveness of the POE method in restoring abandoned mine lands to an economically usable state by surveying users' opinions on accessibility, functionality, and visual quality. The applied methodology was used as effective support for the transformation process of post-mining areas and as a tool to optimize the costs of their reclamation and maintenance. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
note = {3},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Abandoned mine lands are a common element of the contemporary landscape. In administrative practice, they are rated low, yet they are of interest to informal users and scientific and cultural communities. The aim of our research was to identify the possibilities of using qualitative research methods, applied in architecture, to create friendly, urban spaces with a universal character in the areas of abandoned quarries. The study was conducted in the Sadowa Góra quarry area in southern Poland, using the post occupancy evaluation (POE) method. The results of the conducted analysis confirm the effectiveness of the POE method in restoring abandoned mine lands to an economically usable state by surveying users' opinions on accessibility, functionality, and visual quality. The applied methodology was used as effective support for the transformation process of post-mining areas and as a tool to optimize the costs of their reclamation and maintenance. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kuś, S.; Jelonek, I.; Jelonek, Z.
A Relative Relationship between Low-Stack Emissions and the Quality of Fuels Used in Heating Boilers and Grills Journal Article
In: Environment and Ecology Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 385-391, 2022, ISSN: 2331625X.
@article{2-s2.0-85133859724,
title = {A Relative Relationship between Low-Stack Emissions and the Quality of Fuels Used in Heating Boilers and Grills},
author = { S. Kuś and I. Jelonek and Z. Jelonek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133859724&doi=10.13189%2feer.2022.100306&partnerID=40&md5=303faddec14b5582a97b6575be3c5b89},
doi = {10.13189/eer.2022.100306},
issn = {2331625X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Environment and Ecology Research},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {385-391},
publisher = {Horizon Research Publishing},
abstract = {Fuel combustion conditions in modern boilers are currently fully automated. Controlling the combustion process with preset parameters with an appropriate air distribution adapted to the type of fuel ensures maximum use of fuel properties. Combustion of heating materials in such controlled conditions allows to minimally affect the environment of emitted flue gases and solid residues (ashes). Unfortunately, the best boiler with the best regulator will not provide optimal combustion conditions without good fuel quality. Contaminated biomass (pellets; wood chips; wood) with plastic, fossil coal, colored metals not only effectively affects the low emission burden, but also the failure rate of boilers. Analogically, the use of poor-quality solid fossil fuels translates into the formation of smog and sometimes irreparable damage to CO equipment. According to the authors of the study, in which the combination of low and medium power boilers with dedicated tested fuels to a given type of heating installation will ensure maximum reduction of low emissions. In the summer period, we can observe the phenomenon of fog caused by the use of grill fuels to prepare dishes. In case of high insolation and accumulation of devices (grills), e.g., on plots, recreational areas, smog phenomenon may also occur. The more the grills are polluted, the more the combustion fumes are burdensome and harmful for users of both active and passive barbecues. Based on the analysis of flue gases from the combustion of charcoal and charcoal briquettes, it can be stated that their particulate matter emissions, which are mainly responsible for the formation of smog, range from about 110 mg/m3 to 280 mg/m3. It was found that charcoal briquettes show extremely high emission levels for both PM 2.5 and PM 10 and other compounds emitted during the combustion process. Optical analyses performed on fuels used in household furnaces revealed, in the case of the samples analyzed, a low content of additives such as plastics and metals; the only significant and unnecessary component in all the fuels analyzed was the mineral matter. © 2022 by authors, all rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fuel combustion conditions in modern boilers are currently fully automated. Controlling the combustion process with preset parameters with an appropriate air distribution adapted to the type of fuel ensures maximum use of fuel properties. Combustion of heating materials in such controlled conditions allows to minimally affect the environment of emitted flue gases and solid residues (ashes). Unfortunately, the best boiler with the best regulator will not provide optimal combustion conditions without good fuel quality. Contaminated biomass (pellets; wood chips; wood) with plastic, fossil coal, colored metals not only effectively affects the low emission burden, but also the failure rate of boilers. Analogically, the use of poor-quality solid fossil fuels translates into the formation of smog and sometimes irreparable damage to CO equipment. According to the authors of the study, in which the combination of low and medium power boilers with dedicated tested fuels to a given type of heating installation will ensure maximum reduction of low emissions. In the summer period, we can observe the phenomenon of fog caused by the use of grill fuels to prepare dishes. In case of high insolation and accumulation of devices (grills), e.g., on plots, recreational areas, smog phenomenon may also occur. The more the grills are polluted, the more the combustion fumes are burdensome and harmful for users of both active and passive barbecues. Based on the analysis of flue gases from the combustion of charcoal and charcoal briquettes, it can be stated that their particulate matter emissions, which are mainly responsible for the formation of smog, range from about 110 mg/m3 to 280 mg/m3. It was found that charcoal briquettes show extremely high emission levels for both PM 2.5 and PM 10 and other compounds emitted during the combustion process. Optical analyses performed on fuels used in household furnaces revealed, in the case of the samples analyzed, a low content of additives such as plastics and metals; the only significant and unnecessary component in all the fuels analyzed was the mineral matter. © 2022 by authors, all rights reserved.
Kuś, S.; Sierka, E. M.; Jelonek, I.; Jelonek, Z.
Synthetic Analysis of Thematic Studies towards Determining the Recreational Potential of Anthropogenic Reservoirs Journal Article
In: Environment and Ecology Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 355-369, 2022, ISSN: 2331625X, (3).
@article{2-s2.0-85132384409,
title = {Synthetic Analysis of Thematic Studies towards Determining the Recreational Potential of Anthropogenic Reservoirs},
author = { S. Kuś and E.M. Sierka and I. Jelonek and Z. Jelonek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85132384409&doi=10.13189%2feer.2022.100304&partnerID=40&md5=eeff8fe6630a941f388d340d9483b17e},
doi = {10.13189/eer.2022.100304},
issn = {2331625X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Environment and Ecology Research},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {355-369},
publisher = {Horizon Research Publishing},
abstract = {Processes associated with surface mining promote the creation of artificial water reservoirs. In most cases, these post mining reservoirs can be adapted for recreational purposes after slight modifications. The authors analyzed the characteristics of inland reservoirs created as a result of opencast mining of diverse types of deposits in terms of the possibility of their best use for recreation and the identification of good management practices. The solutions and methods of monitoring the current status of anthropogenic waters and aquatic ecosystems serving the local community and tourists are briefly presented. The typical conditions for the formation of artificial water reservoirs and the risks associated with the genesis of such reservoirs for users and administrators of these facilities are discussed. The possibilities of managing anthropogenic reservoirs for economic purposes, considering their origin, shape, depth, and water quality, are also presented. The development of recreation infrastructure was discussed, not only the one directly in contact with the water reservoir, but also the one located at a distance, which corresponds to the definition of water-based tourism, which also takes place in the areas surrounding the lakes. Considering the innovative and constructive view on the risks of the use of post-anthropogenic ecosystems, both from the user's and administrator's perspective, we believe that the manuscript will be a useful compilation of knowledge on the subject and could be of value to wide readership. © 2022 by authors, all rights reserved.},
note = {3},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Processes associated with surface mining promote the creation of artificial water reservoirs. In most cases, these post mining reservoirs can be adapted for recreational purposes after slight modifications. The authors analyzed the characteristics of inland reservoirs created as a result of opencast mining of diverse types of deposits in terms of the possibility of their best use for recreation and the identification of good management practices. The solutions and methods of monitoring the current status of anthropogenic waters and aquatic ecosystems serving the local community and tourists are briefly presented. The typical conditions for the formation of artificial water reservoirs and the risks associated with the genesis of such reservoirs for users and administrators of these facilities are discussed. The possibilities of managing anthropogenic reservoirs for economic purposes, considering their origin, shape, depth, and water quality, are also presented. The development of recreation infrastructure was discussed, not only the one directly in contact with the water reservoir, but also the one located at a distance, which corresponds to the definition of water-based tourism, which also takes place in the areas surrounding the lakes. Considering the innovative and constructive view on the risks of the use of post-anthropogenic ecosystems, both from the user's and administrator's perspective, we believe that the manuscript will be a useful compilation of knowledge on the subject and could be of value to wide readership. © 2022 by authors, all rights reserved.
Drobniak, A.; Jelonek, I.; Jelonek, Z.; Mastalerz, M.
Developing methodology for petrographic analysis of solid biomass in reflected light Journal Article
In: International Journal of Coal Geology, vol. 253, 2022, ISSN: 01665162, (6).
@article{2-s2.0-85125908401,
title = {Developing methodology for petrographic analysis of solid biomass in reflected light},
author = { A. Drobniak and I. Jelonek and Z. Jelonek and M. Mastalerz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125908401&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2022.103959&partnerID=40&md5=c19812b8087be7015bd6c7b8f61f2dc7},
doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2022.103959},
issn = {01665162},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},
volume = {253},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {As concerns about climate change and sustainability rise, biomass utilization has a potential to become one of the pillars of the future energy market. It is therefore critical to assure that solid biomass fuels are of the highest quality and do not contribute to avoidable air pollution. Our research has shown that petrographic analysis of solid biomass in reflected light can quickly and reliably provide information on fuel composition and contamination. As such, this technique has a potential to improve our understanding of raw fuel properties and, in some instances, even predict parameters of their combustion emissions. This paper provides guidelines for conducting microscopic analysis of wood pellets and charcoal-based fuels in reflected light. It presents two preliminary microscopic classifications of solid biomass components and emphasizes the need for training materials, exemplified by recently published photomicrograph atlases. Our research indicates that pairing reflected light microscopy with the currently used standard testing would enhance the quality assessment of solid biomass. To achieve this, the methodology must be promoted, tested for interlaboratory reproducibility, and finally standardized. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
As concerns about climate change and sustainability rise, biomass utilization has a potential to become one of the pillars of the future energy market. It is therefore critical to assure that solid biomass fuels are of the highest quality and do not contribute to avoidable air pollution. Our research has shown that petrographic analysis of solid biomass in reflected light can quickly and reliably provide information on fuel composition and contamination. As such, this technique has a potential to improve our understanding of raw fuel properties and, in some instances, even predict parameters of their combustion emissions. This paper provides guidelines for conducting microscopic analysis of wood pellets and charcoal-based fuels in reflected light. It presents two preliminary microscopic classifications of solid biomass components and emphasizes the need for training materials, exemplified by recently published photomicrograph atlases. Our research indicates that pairing reflected light microscopy with the currently used standard testing would enhance the quality assessment of solid biomass. To achieve this, the methodology must be promoted, tested for interlaboratory reproducibility, and finally standardized. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
2021
Jelonek, Z.; Drobniak, A.; Mastalerz, M.; Jelonek, I.
Emissions during grilling with wood pellets and chips Journal Article
In: Atmospheric Environment: X, vol. 12, 2021, ISSN: 25901621, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85118855276,
title = {Emissions during grilling with wood pellets and chips},
author = { Z. Jelonek and A. Drobniak and M. Mastalerz and I. Jelonek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118855276&doi=10.1016%2fj.aeaoa.2021.100140&partnerID=40&md5=edd454bf36947776e5a94290fb0cf3be},
doi = {10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100140},
issn = {25901621},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Atmospheric Environment: X},
volume = {12},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The quality check of grilling wood pellets should be of a critical importance as smoke from their combustion has a direct contact with food, impacts human safety, and pollutes the atmosphere. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the purity of grilling wood pellets and chips available on the market, analyze the properties of their combustion gases, and determine if a relationship between the fuel composition and emissions during grilling can be established. In this study, we investigated 45 types of BBQ wood pellets and wood chips available for purchase in the USA and Europe. Based on reflected light microscopy analysis, the samples are composed dominantly of biomass, ranging from 87.5 to 99.8 vol % for wood pellets and 96.5 to 99.1 vol % for wood chips, with the average impurities content of 1.7 vol % for wood pellets and 2.2 vol % for wood chips. The undesired components included bark, mineral matter, charcoal, coke, metal, rust, slag, and petroleum products. Our data show that grilling with wood pellets and chips leads to elevated emissions of particulate matter (PM), NO2, SO2, CO, CO2, and formaldehyde in comparison with recommended exposure limits. The average emissions of PM are higher from wood chips than from pellets by approximately 85 μg/m3, and they come mainly from PM2.5; the contribution from PM of 2.5–10 μm in size is rather insignificant. CO2 emissions, on average 2.67% from pellets and 2.27% from wood chips, were elevated comparing with a typical outdoor air level of 0.03–0.05% (300–500 ppm). The level of emissions of individual components also changes during the grilling cycle, and depends on the type of combusted wood, grilling conditions and fuel moisture content. © 2021},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The quality check of grilling wood pellets should be of a critical importance as smoke from their combustion has a direct contact with food, impacts human safety, and pollutes the atmosphere. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the purity of grilling wood pellets and chips available on the market, analyze the properties of their combustion gases, and determine if a relationship between the fuel composition and emissions during grilling can be established. In this study, we investigated 45 types of BBQ wood pellets and wood chips available for purchase in the USA and Europe. Based on reflected light microscopy analysis, the samples are composed dominantly of biomass, ranging from 87.5 to 99.8 vol % for wood pellets and 96.5 to 99.1 vol % for wood chips, with the average impurities content of 1.7 vol % for wood pellets and 2.2 vol % for wood chips. The undesired components included bark, mineral matter, charcoal, coke, metal, rust, slag, and petroleum products. Our data show that grilling with wood pellets and chips leads to elevated emissions of particulate matter (PM), NO2, SO2, CO, CO2, and formaldehyde in comparison with recommended exposure limits. The average emissions of PM are higher from wood chips than from pellets by approximately 85 μg/m3, and they come mainly from PM2.5; the contribution from PM of 2.5–10 μm in size is rather insignificant. CO2 emissions, on average 2.67% from pellets and 2.27% from wood chips, were elevated comparing with a typical outdoor air level of 0.03–0.05% (300–500 ppm). The level of emissions of individual components also changes during the grilling cycle, and depends on the type of combusted wood, grilling conditions and fuel moisture content. © 2021
Jelonek, Z.; Fabiańska, M. J.; Jelonek, I.
Quantitative assessment of organic and inorganic contaminants in charcoal Journal Article
In: Resources, vol. 10, no. 7, 2021, ISSN: 20799276, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85110476526,
title = {Quantitative assessment of organic and inorganic contaminants in charcoal},
author = { Z. Jelonek and M.J. Fabiańska and I. Jelonek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85110476526&doi=10.3390%2fresources10070069&partnerID=40&md5=97b6e1a7d08030eb124f8f42052c1ebf},
doi = {10.3390/resources10070069},
issn = {20799276},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Resources},
volume = {10},
number = {7},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {Thirty‐one batches of commercial charcoal from various regions of Poland and Germany were tested for the presence of 20 toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Elements that are toxic to living organisms were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). They were classified as elements representing a very high degree of hazard (As; Cd; Cu; Hg; and Pb), high degree of hazard (Zn; Ba; Cr; Mn; and Mo), moderate degree of hazard (Co; Ni; Sn; and Te), and a low degree of hazard for living organisms and the environment (Ag; Bi; Ce; Se; Sr; and Zr). In regard to the most toxic ele-ments, the highest concentration in the whole tested material was recorded for Cu. In addition, con-siderable amounts of Ba, Mn, and Sr, i.e., elements representing a high or moderate degree of haz-ard, were found in the tested charcoals. Moreover, all charcoals contained a wide range of PAHs, from naphthalene to benzo(ghi)perylene, with concentrations in a range between 12.55 and 3554.11 ng/g charcoal. In total, 25 unsubstituted PAHs were identified in the charcoal extracts. PAHs distributions were dominated by five‐ring PAHs. The results indicate high carcinogenicity with ∑PAHcarc/∑PAHtot close to 1, as well as high TEQ and MEQ values. Thus, prolonged exposure to charcoal and charcoal dust might cause serious health problems. This applies to employees actively involved in the production and transport of charcoal and, to a lesser extent, users of this fuel. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzer-.},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Thirty‐one batches of commercial charcoal from various regions of Poland and Germany were tested for the presence of 20 toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Elements that are toxic to living organisms were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). They were classified as elements representing a very high degree of hazard (As; Cd; Cu; Hg; and Pb), high degree of hazard (Zn; Ba; Cr; Mn; and Mo), moderate degree of hazard (Co; Ni; Sn; and Te), and a low degree of hazard for living organisms and the environment (Ag; Bi; Ce; Se; Sr; and Zr). In regard to the most toxic ele-ments, the highest concentration in the whole tested material was recorded for Cu. In addition, con-siderable amounts of Ba, Mn, and Sr, i.e., elements representing a high or moderate degree of haz-ard, were found in the tested charcoals. Moreover, all charcoals contained a wide range of PAHs, from naphthalene to benzo(ghi)perylene, with concentrations in a range between 12.55 and 3554.11 ng/g charcoal. In total, 25 unsubstituted PAHs were identified in the charcoal extracts. PAHs distributions were dominated by five‐ring PAHs. The results indicate high carcinogenicity with ∑PAHcarc/∑PAHtot close to 1, as well as high TEQ and MEQ values. Thus, prolonged exposure to charcoal and charcoal dust might cause serious health problems. This applies to employees actively involved in the production and transport of charcoal and, to a lesser extent, users of this fuel. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzer-.
2020
Jelonek, Z.; Drobniak, A.; Mastalerz, M.; Jelonek, I.
Environmental implications of the quality of charcoal briquettes and lump charcoal used for grilling Journal Article
In: Science of the Total Environment, vol. 747, 2020, ISSN: 00489697, (18).
@article{2-s2.0-85089147740,
title = {Environmental implications of the quality of charcoal briquettes and lump charcoal used for grilling},
author = { Z. Jelonek and A. Drobniak and M. Mastalerz and I. Jelonek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089147740&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2020.141267&partnerID=40&md5=eac714325f12add19c90a2cd767f60b0},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141267},
issn = {00489697},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
volume = {747},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Numerous studies have been conducted to assess air pollution and human health risks arising from exposure to outdoor cooking, but limited standards have been implemented around the world to assure fuel quality. While charcoal briquettes and lumps are a popular fuel choice for grilling, almost no data specifying their properties are available to consumers. Because the properties of fuels affect the flue gases, it is critical to understand how the quality of grilling briquettes and lumps translates not only into the quality of the grilled food, but, even more importantly, how their emissions impact human safety and the environment. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of the quality of charcoal briquettes and lumps on potentially harmful emissions during grilling. To analyze their quality, we used reflected light microscopy to identify a range of contaminants, including biomass, mineral matter, coal, coke, metal, rust, plastics, glues, and synthetic resins, in 74 commercially available products made in Poland, the United States of America, Ukraine, Germany, Belarus, the Czech Republic, and the Republic of South Africa. Our data show that majority of the products analyzed do not meet the existing quality standard EN 1860-2:2005 (E) of less than 1% contaminants, some of these products contain up to 26.6% of impurities. The amount of contaminants correlates with particulate matter, as well as CO and CO2. The contribution of biomass is especially significant because it can be used to predict harmful particulate matter emissions during grilling. The relationship between the composition of charcoal briquettes and lump charcoal and their emissions is particularly strong during the first 15 to 20 min after ignition (when emissions are the highest), therefore, this initial stage is especially unsafe to consumers, and staying away from the grill during this time is recommended. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {18},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Numerous studies have been conducted to assess air pollution and human health risks arising from exposure to outdoor cooking, but limited standards have been implemented around the world to assure fuel quality. While charcoal briquettes and lumps are a popular fuel choice for grilling, almost no data specifying their properties are available to consumers. Because the properties of fuels affect the flue gases, it is critical to understand how the quality of grilling briquettes and lumps translates not only into the quality of the grilled food, but, even more importantly, how their emissions impact human safety and the environment. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of the quality of charcoal briquettes and lumps on potentially harmful emissions during grilling. To analyze their quality, we used reflected light microscopy to identify a range of contaminants, including biomass, mineral matter, coal, coke, metal, rust, plastics, glues, and synthetic resins, in 74 commercially available products made in Poland, the United States of America, Ukraine, Germany, Belarus, the Czech Republic, and the Republic of South Africa. Our data show that majority of the products analyzed do not meet the existing quality standard EN 1860-2:2005 (E) of less than 1% contaminants, some of these products contain up to 26.6% of impurities. The amount of contaminants correlates with particulate matter, as well as CO and CO2. The contribution of biomass is especially significant because it can be used to predict harmful particulate matter emissions during grilling. The relationship between the composition of charcoal briquettes and lump charcoal and their emissions is particularly strong during the first 15 to 20 min after ignition (when emissions are the highest), therefore, this initial stage is especially unsafe to consumers, and staying away from the grill during this time is recommended. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Jelonek, Z.; Drobniak, A.; Mastalerz, M.; Jelonek, I.
Assessing pellet fuels quality: A novel application for reflected light microscopy Journal Article
In: International Journal of Coal Geology, vol. 222, 2020, ISSN: 01665162, (7).
@article{2-s2.0-85082727056,
title = {Assessing pellet fuels quality: A novel application for reflected light microscopy},
author = { Z. Jelonek and A. Drobniak and M. Mastalerz and I. Jelonek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082727056&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2020.103433&partnerID=40&md5=8f432cbf35a4b89e20b12a9d092e5241},
doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2020.103433},
issn = {01665162},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},
volume = {222},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {As the interest in the renewable resources has been increasing worldwide, the wood pellet sector has the potential to become a mainstream fuel of the future in the heat market. This development is especially noted in the European Union countries which consumed 50 % of global wood pellets in 2018. While only about 2 % of the United States energy consumption was derived from wood and wood waste in 2018, the U.S. pellet production continues to grow exponentially due to high demand from overseas markets. The U.S. pellet production was 8.2 million tons in 2018, making the United States the second largest producer of pellets in the world, surpassed only by China. In this growing market, a question has emerged: How can pellet quality be reliably assured? Current standards test the quality of pellets based on a variety of physical and chemical properties. However, some impurities in pellets (glass; plastic; metal; ceramics; coal; and coke) cannot be identified this way. Those impurities can have negative impacts on the environment, human health, and the durability of stoves. A quick and simple way to identify and quantify impurities in pellet fuels such as wood pellets and grilling briquettes is by using petrographic methods. In this study we used reflected light microscopy to identify a range of contaminants including bark, glass, plastic, coal, coke, slag, mineral matter, and metals in 514 commercially available wood pellets made in Poland, Ukraine, Germany, and the United States. Our results demonstrate that optical microscopy could become an effective tool for assessing the purity of wood pellets, and as such, it might be a valuable addition to physical and chemical tests used in the current standards. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {7},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
As the interest in the renewable resources has been increasing worldwide, the wood pellet sector has the potential to become a mainstream fuel of the future in the heat market. This development is especially noted in the European Union countries which consumed 50 % of global wood pellets in 2018. While only about 2 % of the United States energy consumption was derived from wood and wood waste in 2018, the U.S. pellet production continues to grow exponentially due to high demand from overseas markets. The U.S. pellet production was 8.2 million tons in 2018, making the United States the second largest producer of pellets in the world, surpassed only by China. In this growing market, a question has emerged: How can pellet quality be reliably assured? Current standards test the quality of pellets based on a variety of physical and chemical properties. However, some impurities in pellets (glass; plastic; metal; ceramics; coal; and coke) cannot be identified this way. Those impurities can have negative impacts on the environment, human health, and the durability of stoves. A quick and simple way to identify and quantify impurities in pellet fuels such as wood pellets and grilling briquettes is by using petrographic methods. In this study we used reflected light microscopy to identify a range of contaminants including bark, glass, plastic, coal, coke, slag, mineral matter, and metals in 514 commercially available wood pellets made in Poland, Ukraine, Germany, and the United States. Our results demonstrate that optical microscopy could become an effective tool for assessing the purity of wood pellets, and as such, it might be a valuable addition to physical and chemical tests used in the current standards. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
2019
Jach-Nocoń, M.; Nocoń, A.; Mirowski, T.; Jelonek, I.; Jelonek, Z.
The quality of wood pellets used in automatic class 5 Ecodesign boilers on the retail market in the context of air protection in Poland Journal Article
In: Polityka Energetyczna, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 127-140, 2019, ISSN: 14296675, (3).
@article{2-s2.0-85081302824,
title = {The quality of wood pellets used in automatic class 5 Ecodesign boilers on the retail market in the context of air protection in Poland},
author = { M. Jach-Nocoń and A. Nocoń and T. Mirowski and I. Jelonek and Z. Jelonek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081302824&doi=10.33223%2fepj%2f105528&partnerID=40&md5=9ac65e255027614cc5c39cab3a50e028},
doi = {10.33223/epj/105528},
issn = {14296675},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Polityka Energetyczna},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {127-140},
publisher = {Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences},
abstract = {Wood pellets, commonly referred to as biomass fuel, are increasingly used in heating and district heating in the European Union countries, including Poland. Their use in class 5 and/or Ecodesign boilers enables an individual consumer to use energy from renewable sources, reduce the environmental burden by reducing the emission of harmful compounds, and provides a sense of comfort by automating the boiler system. The article presents the current situation in the global wood pellet market, describes the basic quality standards applicable to this fuel during production, and indicates the difficulties in the implementation of programs co-financing the replacement of obsolete coal-fired boilers with automatic class 5 biomass-fired boilers. The research presented in this article is focused on the presence of contaminants in the DIN Plus, EN Plus, and A1 pellets, as well as in non-certified pellets. The analysis has shown that the use of wood pellets containing prohibited substances negatively affects boiler operation and contributes to the formation of slag and the emission of harmful compounds, making the discussed fuel non-ecological. © 2019 Polityka Energetyczna. All rights reserved.},
note = {3},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wood pellets, commonly referred to as biomass fuel, are increasingly used in heating and district heating in the European Union countries, including Poland. Their use in class 5 and/or Ecodesign boilers enables an individual consumer to use energy from renewable sources, reduce the environmental burden by reducing the emission of harmful compounds, and provides a sense of comfort by automating the boiler system. The article presents the current situation in the global wood pellet market, describes the basic quality standards applicable to this fuel during production, and indicates the difficulties in the implementation of programs co-financing the replacement of obsolete coal-fired boilers with automatic class 5 biomass-fired boilers. The research presented in this article is focused on the presence of contaminants in the DIN Plus, EN Plus, and A1 pellets, as well as in non-certified pellets. The analysis has shown that the use of wood pellets containing prohibited substances negatively affects boiler operation and contributes to the formation of slag and the emission of harmful compounds, making the discussed fuel non-ecological. © 2019 Polityka Energetyczna. All rights reserved.