• mgr Joanna Kidawa
Stanowisko: starszy specjalista inżynieryjno-techniczny
Jednostka: Biuro ds. Infrastruktury Badawczo-Dydaktycznej Wydziału Nauk Przyrodniczych
Adres: 41-200 Sosnowiec, ul. Będzińska 60
Piętro: IV
Numer pokoju: 414
Telefon: (32) 3689 280
E-mail: joanna.kidawa@us.edu.pl
Spis publikacji: Spis wg CINiBA
Spis publikacji: Spis wg OPUS
Scopus Author ID: 57214109628
Publikacje z bazy Scopus
2024
Molenda, T.; Woźniak, G.; Dyczko, A.; Bacler-Zbikowska, B.; Kidawa, J.
Processes Turning Saline Settling Basins into Freshwater Bodies (Selected Examples from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin) Journal Article
In: Applied Sciences (Switzerland), vol. 14, no. 23, 2024, (0).
@article{2-s2.0-85212584001,
title = {Processes Turning Saline Settling Basins into Freshwater Bodies (Selected Examples from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin)},
author = { T. Molenda and G. Woźniak and A. Dyczko and B. Bacler-Zbikowska and J. Kidawa},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85212584001&doi=10.3390%2fapp142310814&partnerID=40&md5=e64d024735bcfc69989786ff0d0257cc},
doi = {10.3390/app142310814},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Applied Sciences (Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {23},
publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
abstract = {There are numerous deep coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Ensuring their proper exploitation requires constant drainage of the rock mass and the transfer of mine waters to rivers. Several technical solutions are used to prevent the adverse effects of saltwater discharge on the river ecosystem. One such solution is adapting the post-mining reservoirs into mine water settling basins. This article characterises two such facilities—the “Gliniok” and “Hubertus I” reservoirs. The physicochemical properties of their waters were analysed both when they served as settling basins and after their decommissioning. During their exploitation, the waters of the settling basins showed high salinity (>10 g/L). It was revealed that these basins turned into freshwater reservoirs very quickly after decommissioning. A sudden decrease in the electrolytic conductivity and the concentration of main cations and anions in the water was observed. The mixing processes also changed. The reservoirs were transformed from meromictic to polymictic. The processes that led to them turning into freshwater basins differed in the studied settling basins. The transformation of the Gliniok settling basin into a freshwater reservoir was a unique process, draining brines into the rock mass through cracks and crevices. The formation of cracks and crevices was a consequence of high-energy mining tremors. It is the first known case of this type in the world. © 2024 by the authors.},
note = {0},
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pubstate = {published},
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There are numerous deep coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Ensuring their proper exploitation requires constant drainage of the rock mass and the transfer of mine waters to rivers. Several technical solutions are used to prevent the adverse effects of saltwater discharge on the river ecosystem. One such solution is adapting the post-mining reservoirs into mine water settling basins. This article characterises two such facilities—the “Gliniok” and “Hubertus I” reservoirs. The physicochemical properties of their waters were analysed both when they served as settling basins and after their decommissioning. During their exploitation, the waters of the settling basins showed high salinity (>10 g/L). It was revealed that these basins turned into freshwater reservoirs very quickly after decommissioning. A sudden decrease in the electrolytic conductivity and the concentration of main cations and anions in the water was observed. The mixing processes also changed. The reservoirs were transformed from meromictic to polymictic. The processes that led to them turning into freshwater basins differed in the studied settling basins. The transformation of the Gliniok settling basin into a freshwater reservoir was a unique process, draining brines into the rock mass through cracks and crevices. The formation of cracks and crevices was a consequence of high-energy mining tremors. It is the first known case of this type in the world. © 2024 by the authors.
Molenda, T.; Malik, I.; Kidawa, J.
Impact of the geological structure on the development of anthropogenic-karstic reservoirs diverse hydrologically and hydrochemically Journal Article
In: Journal of Water and Land Development, no. 62, pp. 10-16, 2024, (0).
@article{2-s2.0-85205995521,
title = {Impact of the geological structure on the development of anthropogenic-karstic reservoirs diverse hydrologically and hydrochemically},
author = { T. Molenda and I. Malik and J. Kidawa},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85205995521&doi=10.24425%2fjwld.2024.150276&partnerID=40&md5=02283b129b9354ec04ae3c1ccc7f4a24},
doi = {10.24425/jwld.2024.150276},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Water and Land Development},
number = {62},
pages = {10-16},
publisher = {Polish Academy of Sciences Publishing House},
abstract = {The deep exploitation of mineral deposits is carried out in many areas around the world. However, one of its negative consequences is surface deformations. These may be discontinuous deformations (sinkholes) or continuous deformations (subsidence basins). Under specific hydrogeological conditions, these forms are inundated, and thus anthropogenic reservoirs are formed. In some post-mining areas, the number of such reservoirs is so large that they are referred to as “anthropogenic lake districts”. Depending on the geological structure of the deposit and the mining technique, these reservoirs may have different morphometric parameters. Moreover, they may show various hydrological conditions and physicochemical properties of their waters. The article describes a unique group of anthropogenic water reservoirs created due to the flooding of deep salt mines on the Solotvyno mining field. Although small in terms of the area, it includes a group of anthropogenic water reservoirs highly diverse in terms of their genetics, hydrology and hydrochemistry. Some of them represent a unique type of meromictic reservoirs. This research shows the direction in which water conditions may change in other mining areas with significant surface deformation across the globe. © 2024. The Authors. Published by Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) and Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute (ITP – PIB).},
note = {0},
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The deep exploitation of mineral deposits is carried out in many areas around the world. However, one of its negative consequences is surface deformations. These may be discontinuous deformations (sinkholes) or continuous deformations (subsidence basins). Under specific hydrogeological conditions, these forms are inundated, and thus anthropogenic reservoirs are formed. In some post-mining areas, the number of such reservoirs is so large that they are referred to as “anthropogenic lake districts”. Depending on the geological structure of the deposit and the mining technique, these reservoirs may have different morphometric parameters. Moreover, they may show various hydrological conditions and physicochemical properties of their waters. The article describes a unique group of anthropogenic water reservoirs created due to the flooding of deep salt mines on the Solotvyno mining field. Although small in terms of the area, it includes a group of anthropogenic water reservoirs highly diverse in terms of their genetics, hydrology and hydrochemistry. Some of them represent a unique type of meromictic reservoirs. This research shows the direction in which water conditions may change in other mining areas with significant surface deformation across the globe. © 2024. The Authors. Published by Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) and Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute (ITP – PIB).
2022
Molenda, T.; Kidawa, J.
In: Mine Water and the Environment, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 817-827, 2022, ISSN: 10259112, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85133620528,
title = {A Study of a Hypersaline, Heliothermic Lake that Formed in an Anthropogenic-Karst Sinkhole [超咸水组成和受太阳加热的人类活动而成喀斯特天坑湖研究] [Studie über einen hypersalinen, heliothermen See, der sich in einer anthropogen verursachten Doline gebildet hat] [Estudio de un lago hipersalino y heliotérmico que se formó en un sumidero antropogénico- cárstico]},
author = { T. Molenda and J. Kidawa},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133620528&doi=10.1007%2fs10230-022-00887-2&partnerID=40&md5=2634cee97201fad9a0a46830a14979ef},
doi = {10.1007/s10230-022-00887-2},
issn = {10259112},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Mine Water and the Environment},
volume = {41},
number = {3},
pages = {817-827},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
abstract = {In Solotvino, in southwestern Ukraine (Transcarpathia), there is a large group of anthropogenic water reservoirs. Most of these developed in sinkholes formed by the flooding of salt mines and the activation of anthropogenic and karst processes. One reservoir, Solotvino No. 7, was the subject of detailed limnological (hydrographic and hydrochemical) studies. The reservoir has an area of 8493 m2, a maximum depth of 20.5 m, and holds Cl−–Na+ brines. The water in the near-surface layer is hyposaline (3–20 g/L), but periodically becomes mesosaline (20–50 g/L). Hypersaline waters with mineralization > 250 g/L are found below 3 m. The reservoir has three persistent distinct mixolimnion layers that clearly indicate their meromictic type: the surface layer, a chemocline (where the water chemistry changes), and a lower monimolimnion layer. The thermal properties of the reservoir deserve special attention. The water is heated during all seasons at the boundary between the chemocline and monimolimnion; the water temperature is 32 °C in winter and 54 °C in summer, despite the lack of volcanism. The water is heated by a physical phenomenon in the layer where the water density increases, which is a heliothermal process. Also noteworthy is that throughout the year, the oxygen profiles are positive and heterograde, with the water being up to 380% oxygen saturated. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to International Mine Water Association.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
In Solotvino, in southwestern Ukraine (Transcarpathia), there is a large group of anthropogenic water reservoirs. Most of these developed in sinkholes formed by the flooding of salt mines and the activation of anthropogenic and karst processes. One reservoir, Solotvino No. 7, was the subject of detailed limnological (hydrographic and hydrochemical) studies. The reservoir has an area of 8493 m2, a maximum depth of 20.5 m, and holds Cl−–Na+ brines. The water in the near-surface layer is hyposaline (3–20 g/L), but periodically becomes mesosaline (20–50 g/L). Hypersaline waters with mineralization > 250 g/L are found below 3 m. The reservoir has three persistent distinct mixolimnion layers that clearly indicate their meromictic type: the surface layer, a chemocline (where the water chemistry changes), and a lower monimolimnion layer. The thermal properties of the reservoir deserve special attention. The water is heated during all seasons at the boundary between the chemocline and monimolimnion; the water temperature is 32 °C in winter and 54 °C in summer, despite the lack of volcanism. The water is heated by a physical phenomenon in the layer where the water density increases, which is a heliothermal process. Also noteworthy is that throughout the year, the oxygen profiles are positive and heterograde, with the water being up to 380% oxygen saturated. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to International Mine Water Association.
Molenda, T.; Kostka, B.; Malik, I.; Lejwoda, P.; Radziejowski, W.; Kidawa, J.
In: Energies, vol. 15, no. 7, 2022, ISSN: 19961073.
@article{2-s2.0-85128463137,
title = {Polyhumous Dystrophic Pit Lakes: Hydrographic and Hydrochemical Characteristics on the Example of Reservoirs in the Włoszczowska Basin, Central Poland},
author = { T. Molenda and B. Kostka and I. Malik and P. Lejwoda and W. Radziejowski and J. Kidawa},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128463137&doi=10.3390%2fen15072681&partnerID=40&md5=57c292b9009a7617b55e0bcdea139d09},
doi = {10.3390/en15072681},
issn = {19961073},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Energies},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
publisher = {MDPI},
abstract = {The article presents the hydrographic and hydrochemical characteristics of post-exploitation reservoirs formed in peat excavations. Two natural bog lakes were selected as the control objects for the study. The research indicated that both the waters of post-exploitation peat reservoirs and natural bog lakes show low electrolytic conductivity (<100 µS/cm) and acidic water reaction (pH < 5.5). The concentration of major cations and anions is also very low. The concentration of calcium and magnesium does not exceed a few mg/L. Hydrochemically, all post-exploitation peat reservoirs are bi-ionic sulphate–calcium (SO42−-Ca2+ ). This distinguishes post-exploitation peat reservoirs from natural bog lakes in which multi-ion waters were found, for example, sulphate–chloride–calcium (SO42−-Cl−-Ca2+ ) and sulphate–calcium–sodium (SO42−-Ca2+-Na+ ). The calculated water humic state index (HSI) allowed the classifying of the examined reservoirs as polyhumous. The value of this index, in all reservoirs, was >50. Based on the calculated hydrochemical dystrophy index (HDI), it was found that all post-exploitation peat reservoirs are dystrophic. So far, no such hydrochemical type has been found in other post-exploitation peat reservoirs. Therefore, the examined objects should be classified as unique post-exploitation peat reservoirs. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The article presents the hydrographic and hydrochemical characteristics of post-exploitation reservoirs formed in peat excavations. Two natural bog lakes were selected as the control objects for the study. The research indicated that both the waters of post-exploitation peat reservoirs and natural bog lakes show low electrolytic conductivity (<100 µS/cm) and acidic water reaction (pH < 5.5). The concentration of major cations and anions is also very low. The concentration of calcium and magnesium does not exceed a few mg/L. Hydrochemically, all post-exploitation peat reservoirs are bi-ionic sulphate–calcium (SO42−-Ca2+ ). This distinguishes post-exploitation peat reservoirs from natural bog lakes in which multi-ion waters were found, for example, sulphate–chloride–calcium (SO42−-Cl−-Ca2+ ) and sulphate–calcium–sodium (SO42−-Ca2+-Na+ ). The calculated water humic state index (HSI) allowed the classifying of the examined reservoirs as polyhumous. The value of this index, in all reservoirs, was >50. Based on the calculated hydrochemical dystrophy index (HDI), it was found that all post-exploitation peat reservoirs are dystrophic. So far, no such hydrochemical type has been found in other post-exploitation peat reservoirs. Therefore, the examined objects should be classified as unique post-exploitation peat reservoirs. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
2021
Kidawa, J.; Molenda, T.
Degradation of dam reservoirs under the influence of mining subsidence in Upper Silesian Coal Basin, South Poland Journal Article
In: Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management, vol. 26, no. 4, 2021, ISSN: 13205331, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85120724642,
title = {Degradation of dam reservoirs under the influence of mining subsidence in Upper Silesian Coal Basin, South Poland},
author = { J. Kidawa and T. Molenda},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120724642&doi=10.1111%2flre.12388&partnerID=40&md5=0aa12c25a289f325addd6418c331d87c},
doi = {10.1111/lre.12388},
issn = {13205331},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},
abstract = {Exploitation of mineral resources can result in dramatic multidirectional changes in the natural environment in mining areas, with the changes being particularly evident in the form of land degradation. One of the consequences of underground mining is subsidence of the overlying surface of the land area. The greatest subsidence typically occurs when the mining operation is carried out with a longwall top coal caving process, which can result in subsidence basin deformation developing on the surface. This development can lead to a change in natural landforms. As a consequence of the development of subsidence basins in the present study, the maximum depth in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin may exceed 30-m, which can also change the hydrological conditions of the area. Development of subsidence basins can often lead to changes in the morphometric parameters of the existing hydrographic objects, a phenomenon that also applies to dam reservoirs. As a result of land subsidence, the depth and surface area of hydrographic objects can increase, with the maximum depth point moving deeper into the reservoir outside the frontal barrage zone, with changes also occurring in the reservoir tank morphometry. In extreme cases, the barrage may stop water damming, being located outside the reservoir zone, meaning the tank's water management function is lost. All the reservoirs in the current study are located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in southern Poland, which is currently the only significant coal-mining centre in Europe, with the surface area of the basin being 7490 km2. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Exploitation of mineral resources can result in dramatic multidirectional changes in the natural environment in mining areas, with the changes being particularly evident in the form of land degradation. One of the consequences of underground mining is subsidence of the overlying surface of the land area. The greatest subsidence typically occurs when the mining operation is carried out with a longwall top coal caving process, which can result in subsidence basin deformation developing on the surface. This development can lead to a change in natural landforms. As a consequence of the development of subsidence basins in the present study, the maximum depth in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin may exceed 30-m, which can also change the hydrological conditions of the area. Development of subsidence basins can often lead to changes in the morphometric parameters of the existing hydrographic objects, a phenomenon that also applies to dam reservoirs. As a result of land subsidence, the depth and surface area of hydrographic objects can increase, with the maximum depth point moving deeper into the reservoir outside the frontal barrage zone, with changes also occurring in the reservoir tank morphometry. In extreme cases, the barrage may stop water damming, being located outside the reservoir zone, meaning the tank's water management function is lost. All the reservoirs in the current study are located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in southern Poland, which is currently the only significant coal-mining centre in Europe, with the surface area of the basin being 7490 km2. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
Kidawa, J.; Chmura, D.; Molenda, T.
In: Plants, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-16, 2021, ISSN: 22237747, (2).
@article{2-s2.0-85098740293,
title = {The hydrological-hydrochemical factors that control the invasion of the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in succession in areas with opencast mines},
author = { J. Kidawa and D. Chmura and T. Molenda},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098740293&doi=10.3390%2fplants10010040&partnerID=40&md5=8246292e7b750746bee892c81df4f9a5},
doi = {10.3390/plants10010040},
issn = {22237747},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Plants},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {1-16},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {Studies on opencast mines have indicated that the spontaneous colonization of excavations and sedimentation tanks by vegetation is determined not only by the substratum and the land relief, but also by the hydrological and hydrochemical relations in the exploitation hollow. Some-times, biological invasions can also disturb the natural revegetation. Robinia pseudoacacia L. black locust is an invasive alien species that frequently colonizes sandy habitats. Thirty study plots were randomly established on four types of sites: 1) sandy sediments, extremely dry places located mainly on heaps of post-washer slime; 2) sandy sediments, dry areas that are periodically flooded and have pulp; 3) clay sediments, damp areas that are periodically submerged, and 4) the control, a forest with R. pseudoacacia in its neighborhood. A total of 94 species of vascular plants and seven species of mosses were found. The vegetation at the sites differs and the role of the black locust increases along the dryness gradient and developmental phase of vegetation. Older phases of succession resemble a forest in the surrounding area. It is a R. pseudoacacia species-poor monodominant stand that has been forming for around 30 years. A lack of trees and dense grasses favor the suc-cessful invasion of the black locust on man-made sandy habitats. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
note = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Studies on opencast mines have indicated that the spontaneous colonization of excavations and sedimentation tanks by vegetation is determined not only by the substratum and the land relief, but also by the hydrological and hydrochemical relations in the exploitation hollow. Some-times, biological invasions can also disturb the natural revegetation. Robinia pseudoacacia L. black locust is an invasive alien species that frequently colonizes sandy habitats. Thirty study plots were randomly established on four types of sites: 1) sandy sediments, extremely dry places located mainly on heaps of post-washer slime; 2) sandy sediments, dry areas that are periodically flooded and have pulp; 3) clay sediments, damp areas that are periodically submerged, and 4) the control, a forest with R. pseudoacacia in its neighborhood. A total of 94 species of vascular plants and seven species of mosses were found. The vegetation at the sites differs and the role of the black locust increases along the dryness gradient and developmental phase of vegetation. Older phases of succession resemble a forest in the surrounding area. It is a R. pseudoacacia species-poor monodominant stand that has been forming for around 30 years. A lack of trees and dense grasses favor the suc-cessful invasion of the black locust on man-made sandy habitats. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
2020
Molenda, T.; Kidawa, J.
Natural and Anthropogenic Conditions of the Chemical Composition of Pit Lake Waters (Based on Example Pit Lakes from Central Europe) Journal Article
In: Mine Water and the Environment, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 473-480, 2020, ISSN: 10259112, (3).
@article{2-s2.0-85078925103,
title = {Natural and Anthropogenic Conditions of the Chemical Composition of Pit Lake Waters (Based on Example Pit Lakes from Central Europe)},
author = { T. Molenda and J. Kidawa},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078925103&doi=10.1007%2fs10230-020-00660-3&partnerID=40&md5=5342a3cc095c9c99b117a385106fb5bc},
doi = {10.1007/s10230-020-00660-3},
issn = {10259112},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Mine Water and the Environment},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {473-480},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {The article presents a classification of hydrochemical types of waters in pit lakes. Although natural factors significantly influence the chemical composition of water, the differences between hydrochemical types are also determined by anthropogenic factors. The chemical composition of the water in pit lakes is primarily determined by the kind of rocks mined during the excavation, while secondary anthropogenic impacts can modify the chemical composition of the water. A multidimensional clustering analysis of the water was performed, which allowed three main types of hydrochemical reservoirs to be delimited for the pit lakes assessed in this study: a bicarbonate–magnesium–calcium water type (HCO3–Mg–Ca), a bicarbonate–calcium water type (HCO3–Ca), and a sulphate–calcium water type (SO4–Ca). © 2020, The Author(s).},
note = {3},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The article presents a classification of hydrochemical types of waters in pit lakes. Although natural factors significantly influence the chemical composition of water, the differences between hydrochemical types are also determined by anthropogenic factors. The chemical composition of the water in pit lakes is primarily determined by the kind of rocks mined during the excavation, while secondary anthropogenic impacts can modify the chemical composition of the water. A multidimensional clustering analysis of the water was performed, which allowed three main types of hydrochemical reservoirs to be delimited for the pit lakes assessed in this study: a bicarbonate–magnesium–calcium water type (HCO3–Mg–Ca), a bicarbonate–calcium water type (HCO3–Ca), and a sulphate–calcium water type (SO4–Ca). © 2020, The Author(s).
Błońska, A.; Kidawa, J.; Molenda, T.; Chmura, D.
Hydrogeochemical conditions of the development of anthropogenic carbonate swamps: A case study of an abandoned polish sandpit Journal Article
In: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 561-569, 2020, ISSN: 12301485, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-85078226251,
title = {Hydrogeochemical conditions of the development of anthropogenic carbonate swamps: A case study of an abandoned polish sandpit},
author = { A. Błońska and J. Kidawa and T. Molenda and D. Chmura},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078226251&doi=10.15244%2fpjoes%2f103444&partnerID=40&md5=969e42c79d9b52a985202ec89f89a2bc},
doi = {10.15244/pjoes/103444},
issn = {12301485},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Polish Journal of Environmental Studies},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {561-569},
publisher = {HARD Publishing Company},
abstract = {The hydrogeochemical conditions of the development of a carbonate swamp that had formed in a previous sandpit were studied. The object is located in the town of Jaworzno-Szczakowa in the Silesian Upland of southern Poland. It has been shown that the sandpit, which has not been reclaimed since its operation ceased, underwent spontaneous processes toward the development of calciphilic vegetation. The Biała Przemsza River plays a significant role in supplying the swamp with water. The water of this river is highly contaminated because it receives wastewaters from zinc-lead (Zn-Pb) ore mines. Water that has high concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions favours the occurrence of calciphilic species (e.g.; Liparis loeselii NATURA 2000 species), which form wetlands of carbonate vegetation that are rare in both Poland and Europe. The population size of this species on the studied swamp is a few hundred specimens. In addition to Liparis loeselii, there are other species that are protected or rare and endangered species at the national level and on the “red list” of Poland’s plants, hence such swamps could represent an important refuge for biodiversity. © 2020, HARD Publishing Company. All rights reserved.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The hydrogeochemical conditions of the development of a carbonate swamp that had formed in a previous sandpit were studied. The object is located in the town of Jaworzno-Szczakowa in the Silesian Upland of southern Poland. It has been shown that the sandpit, which has not been reclaimed since its operation ceased, underwent spontaneous processes toward the development of calciphilic vegetation. The Biała Przemsza River plays a significant role in supplying the swamp with water. The water of this river is highly contaminated because it receives wastewaters from zinc-lead (Zn-Pb) ore mines. Water that has high concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions favours the occurrence of calciphilic species (e.g.; Liparis loeselii NATURA 2000 species), which form wetlands of carbonate vegetation that are rare in both Poland and Europe. The population size of this species on the studied swamp is a few hundred specimens. In addition to Liparis loeselii, there are other species that are protected or rare and endangered species at the national level and on the “red list” of Poland’s plants, hence such swamps could represent an important refuge for biodiversity. © 2020, HARD Publishing Company. All rights reserved.