@article{2-s2.0-85210104235,

title = {Insights into the cyst organisation and selected morpho-physiological aspects of encystment in Thulinius ruffoi (Parachela, Isohypsibioidea: Doryphoribiidae)},

author = { K. Janelt and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85210104235&doi=10.1016%2fj.micron.2024.103748&partnerID=40&md5=0f9bb00f039f5ab47ea1c723dd415a9f},

doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2024.103748},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Micron},

volume = {189},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Organisms actively respond to shifts in their environment, and these responses are evident even among microinvertebrates like tardigrades. Encystment, regarded as a form of diapause, exemplifies a tardigrade's response to environmental change. Environmental cues and unidentified internal factors regulate this process in tardigrades. While it is known that some species can form cysts, our understanding of encystment in tardigrades remains limited, necessitating further research. We investigated selected morphological and physiological aspects of encystment to improve our understanding of the organisation and physiology of encysted animals. The data collected in this study were used to examine cellular organisation, overall morphology, and anatomy, including changes during cyst formation. We also explored the relationship between the body wall and somatic muscles. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of encysted animals’ organisation, focusing on the integument and somatic muscles, as well as their role in shaping morphology during cyst formation. Additionally, the changes observed in storage cells and their significance in encystment are discussed. Despite time-dependent changes in the storage cells, our data do not support claims of organ histolysis as part of the typical changes occurring during encystment in the species we analysed. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85186602311,

title = {Elevated external temperature affects cell ultrastructure and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in Paramacrobiotus experimentalis Kaczmarek, Mioduchowska, Poprawa, & Roszkowska, 2020},

author = { P. Kayastha and F. Wieczorkiewicz and M. Pujol and A. Robinson and M. Michalak and Ł. Kaczmarek and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85186602311&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-024-55295-z&partnerID=40&md5=ba94fe8c95e48e5017411dbd5ff2da92},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-55295-z},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {Increasing temperature influences the habitats of various organisms, including microscopic invertebrates. To gain insight into temperature-dependent changes in tardigrades, we isolated storage cells exposed to various temperatures and conducted biochemical and ultrastructural analysis in active and tun-state Paramacrobiotus experimentalis Kaczmarek, Mioduchowska, Poprawa, & Roszkowska, 2020. The abundance of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and ultrastructure of the storage cells were examined at different temperatures (20 °C; 30 °C; 35 °C; 37 °C; 40 °C; and 42 °C) in storage cells isolated from active specimens of Pam. experimentalis. In the active animals, upon increase in external temperature, we observed an increase in the levels of HSPs (HSP27; HSP60; and HSP70). Furthermore, the number of ultrastructural changes in storage cells increased with increasing temperature. Cellular organelles, such as mitochondria and the rough endoplasmic reticulum, gradually degenerated. At 42 °C, cell death occurred by necrosis. Apart from the higher electron density of the karyoplasm and the accumulation of electron-dense material in some mitochondria (at 42 °C), almost no changes were observed in the ultrastructure of tun storage cells exposed to different temperatures. We concluded that desiccated (tun-state) are resistant to high temperatures, but not active tardigrades (survival rates of tuns after 24 h of rehydration: 93.3% at 20 °C; 60.0% at 35 °C; 33.3% at 37 °C; 33.3% at 40 °C; and 20.0% at 42 °C). © The Author(s) 2024.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85199889169,

title = {Functional Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Peripheral Antennal Sensillar System of Graphosoma italicum (Müller, 1766) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)},

author = { J. Brożek and I. Poprawa and P. Węgierek and A. Stroiński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85199889169&doi=10.3390%2finsects15070528&partnerID=40&md5=1986923e634f6d307e1080c4072665ee},

doi = {10.3390/insects15070528},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Insects},

volume = {15},

number = {7},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {The antennae of the shield bug Graphosoma italicum (Müller; 1766) were examined through scanning and transmission electron microscopy to reveal their general morphology, as well as the antennal sensilla’s distribution, size, and ultrastructure of their dendrites and function. The antennae comprise five antennomeres (one scape; two pedicels; and two flagellomeres). Different lengths of chaetic mechanosensilla (Ch1-Ch4) exist on all antennomeres, and several highly sensitive campaniform sensilla are embedded in the exoskeleton and measure cuticular strain. One pair of peg sensilla, the typical proprioceptive, is only on the proximal edge of the first pedicel and directed to the distal edge of the scapus. The antennal flagellum possesses two subtypes of trichoid and basiconic sensilla, each with one type of coeloconic olfactory sensilla. The distinctive characteristics of G. italicum are also apparent in two subtypes of coeloconic sensilla embedded in different cavities on both antennomeres of the flagellum, probably with a thermo-hypersensitive function. All studied morphological types of the sensilla and their function were supported by ultrastructural elements. The long and thin trichoid sensilla type 2 (TrS2) with an olfactive function was the most abundant sensilla localized on both flagellomeres. The peripheral antennal sensilla system consists of six main types of sensilla divided into twelve subtypes. © 2024 by the authors.},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85194457358,

title = {The organisation of the digestive, excretory and reproductive systems in cysts of the freshwater tardigrade Thulinius ruffoi (Parachela, Isohypsibioidea: Doryphoribiidae)},

author = { K. Janelt and F. Wieczorkiewicz and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85194457358&doi=10.1016%2fj.micron.2024.103660&partnerID=40&md5=6c6a65caa002e0a38e33b5ad56543a0e},

doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2024.103660},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Micron},

volume = {183},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Tardigrades are invertebrates known to science for over 250 years. Although the ability of some species of tardigrades to form cysts has been reported, little is known about the encystment and internal organisation of the cysts. During cyst formation, contraction of the body affects the internal organs' morphology. The organs are compressed and have a compact appearance. The organisation of the digestive system, associated structures, and the reproductive system are analysed in cysts on indefinite and well-defined encystment periods – up to eleven months. The digestive system of encysted animals was organised into three main parts – a foregut, a midgut, and a hindgut. The presence of digestive system-associated structures, such as buccal glands or muscles, was noted and described. The excretory organs, called Malpighian tubules, open into the zone between the midgut and the hindgut. Furthermore, the oviduct opens into the hindgut. The first analysis of the reproductive system of cysts at the ultrastructural level is presented here, revealing interesting and undescribed aspects related to the physiology. Besides the anatomical and histological examination, the morphology and changes that occur during cyst formation are described. © 2024 The Authors},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85188707458,

title = {Investigation of Potential Effects of Ibuprofen on the Storage Cells and Anhydrobiosis Capacity of the Tardigrade Paramacrobiotus experimentalis},

author = { A. Miernik and F. Wieczorkiewicz and S. Student and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85188707458&doi=10.3390%2fd16030132&partnerID=40&md5=15bf2e514a981561e61ba0371360a570},

doi = {10.3390/d16030132},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Diversity},

volume = {16},

number = {3},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {The surge in pharmaceutical consumption, particularly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, has raised concerns about their presence in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the potential ecological impact of ibuprofen, focusing on the ultrastructure of storage cells in the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus experimentalis, renowned for its resilience to environmental stressors. Individuals were exposed to three ibuprofen concentrations (0.1 μg/L; 16.8 μg/L; and 1 mg/L) over 7 and 28 days. Storage cells were examined using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy. This study also explored ibuprofen’s impact on the process of anhydrobiosis. In the short-term experiment, no ultrastructural changes in tardigrade storage cells were observed across ibuprofen concentrations. However, in the long-term incubation, autophagic structures in storage cell cytoplasm were identified, indicating potential adaptive responses. Individual mitochondria exhibited degeneration, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum displayed slight swelling. No evidence of increased oxidative stress or nuclear DNA fragmentation was observed in any research group. This study elucidates the complex responses of tardigrade storage cells to ibuprofen exposure. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding pharmaceutical impacts on aquatic organisms, highlighting the resilience of tardigrades to specific environmental stressors. © 2024 by the authors.},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85180178392,

title = {Organisation of the nervous system in cysts of the freshwater tardigrade Thulinius ruffoi (Parachela, Isohypsibioidea: Doryphoribiidae)},

author = { K. Janelt and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85180178392&doi=10.1111%2fjoa.13994&partnerID=40&md5=288c6cb186bae48c16e27a8230f356ca},

doi = {10.1111/joa.13994},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Anatomy},

volume = {244},

number = {4},

pages = {654-666},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {Encystment is a natural process that involves cyst formation, and at least some species of tardigrades can form cysts. However, the encystment process and cyst structure among tardigrades are still poorly understood. Despite some aspects of the encysted animals' systems organisation being examined in the past, the morphology and structure of the nervous system have never been thoroughly investigated. This study covers anatomical, histological and morphological details and proposes physiological aspects of the nervous system in encysted Thulinius ruffoi up to 11 months duration in encystment. This is the first record of the nervous system organisation in a species belonging to the family Doryphoribiidae. The cyst formation results in morphological changes in the nervous system. It comprises central and peripheral elements, which may be observable even after many months since the cyst formation. Based on the nervous system's organisation in cysts, there is no sign that histolysis is a part of encystment. © 2023 Anatomical Society.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85190395145,

title = {The Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Acute Coronary Syndromes, Post-Infarct Remodeling and Cardiac Regeneration},

author = { K. Krauz and M. Kempiński and P. Jańczak and K. Momot and M. Zaŗebínski and I. Poprawa and M. Wojciechowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85190395145&doi=10.3390%2fijms25073583&partnerID=40&md5=b24186e1cfed3db437ac4fa6d45e43a3},

doi = {10.3390/ijms25073583},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {25},

number = {7},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a fat deposit surrounding the heart and located under the visceral layer of the pericardium. Due to its unique features, the contribution of EAT to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders is extensively studied. Especially, EAT can be associated with the onset and development of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and post-infarct heart failure which all are significant problems for public health. In this article, we focus on the mechanisms of how EAT impacts acute coronary syndromes. Particular emphasis was placed on the role of inflammation and adipokines secreted by EAT. Moreover, we present how EAT affects the remodeling of the heart following myocardial infarction. We further review the role of EAT as a source of stem cells for cardiac regeneration. In addition, we describe the imaging assessment of EAT, its prognostic value, and its correlation with the clinical characteristics of patients. © 2024 by the authors.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85195694434,

title = {Does the midgut of the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus experimentalis respond to the effects of ibuprofen?},

author = { A. Miernik and S. Student and E. Fiałkowska and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85195694434&doi=10.1080%2f24750263.2024.2355313&partnerID=40&md5=8604b5403a81b1e6701272f5ae0e68fb},

doi = {10.1080/24750263.2024.2355313},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {European Zoological Journal},

volume = {91},

number = {1},

pages = {631-648},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {In recent years, the pollution of aquatic environments with pharmaceuticals, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), has increased. This research investigated the effects of 7- and 28-day exposure to ibuprofen on the midgut ultrastructure of the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus experimentalis. The conducted research will enrich the knowledge on the effect of ibuprofen with histological analyses. In addition, the effect of ibuprofen has not been studied on tardigrades so far. Specimens were incubated in three concentrations of this drug: 0.1 μg/L (concentration commonly found in surface waters worldwide), 16.8 μg/L (concentration found in the rivers of large cities), and 1 mg/L (experimental concentration). In addition, the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) after 24 h incubation in ibuprofen was determined. Ultrastructural analyses showed the presence of degenerated mitochondria and autophagic structures in midgut digestive cells after incubation in ibuprofen, which was confirmed by LysoTracker Red staining. TUNEL staining showed DNA fragmentation–a marker of cell apoptosis–in digestive cells treated with ibuprofen. Furthermore, dihydroethidium (DHE) revealed signals emitted by ROS+ positive cells in midgut digestive cells, indicating oxidative stress. Ultrastructural changes and the number of signals indicating damage in the cell were correlated with increases in concentration and time of exposure to the stressor. The lack of ultrastructural changes in regenerative cells supports the theory that digestive cells of the midgut are one of the first barriers protecting the body against stressors. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85181913106,

title = {Effect of paracetamol on the storage cells of Hypsibius exemplaris—ultrastructural analysis},

author = { F. Wieczorkiewicz and J. Sojka and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85181913106&doi=10.1093%2fzoolinnean%2fzlad051&partnerID=40&md5=ade3c93422404cb27c324499cf471dde},

doi = {10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad051},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},

volume = {200},

number = {1},

pages = {258-268},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {Tardigrades in their natural environment are exposed to various environmental toxicants, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or antipyretics such as paracetamol. This drug can enter the animal’s body through the body wall or the digestive system with food and can affect the biology of organisms. In this paper, we report for the first time the effects of paracetamol on tardigrade storage cells. We analyzed the effects of short-term (7 days) and long-term (28 days) exposure of Hypsibius exemplaris storage cells to three paracetamol concentrations (0.2 µgxL−1; 230 µgxL−1; 1 mgxL−1). Our results showed that increasing paracetamol concentration and incubation time increases the number of damaged mitochondria in storage cells, and autophagy is activated and intensified. Moreover, the relocation of some organelles and cell deformation may indicate cytoskeleton damage. © 2023 The Linnean Society of London.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85181898797,

title = {Professor Barbara Węglarska (1922–2020)},

author = { Ł. Michalczyk and Pi. Gąsiorek and T. Szklarzewicz and Ł. Kaczmarek and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85181898797&doi=10.1093%2fzoolinnean%2fzlad181&partnerID=40&md5=0bef1e39082f8781790b316001b4601a},

doi = {10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad181},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},

volume = {200},

number = {1},

pages = {12-17},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85128842423,

title = {Ovaries and testes of Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) react differently to the presence of cadmium in the environment},

author = { I. Poprawa and Ł. Chajec and A. Chachulska-Żymełka and G. Wilczek and S. Student and M. Leśniewska and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128842423&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-022-10664-4&partnerID=40&md5=8b63d068ae6726dff9844ca0d4a93be1},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-10664-4},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {Proper reproduction depends on properly functioning gonads (ovaries and testes). Many xenobiotics, including heavy metals, can cause changes in somatic and germ line cells, thus damaging the reproductive capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the heavy metal cadmium on the gonads, including germ line and somatic cells. It is important to determine whether cell death processes are triggered in both types of cells in the gonads, and which gonads are more sensitive to the presence of cadmium in the environment. The research was conducted on the soil-dwelling arthropod Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda; Chilopoda), which is common for European fauna. Animals were cultured in soil supplemented with Cd for different periods (short- and long-term treatment). Gonads were isolated and prepared for qualitative and quantitative analysis, which enabled us to describe all changes which appeared after both the short- and long-term cadmium treatment. The results of our study showed that cadmium affects the structure and ultrastructure of both gonads in soil-dwelling organisms including the activation of cell death processes. However, the male germ line cells are more sensitive to cadmium than female germ line cells. We also observed that germ line cells are protected by the somatic cells of both gonads. © 2022, The Author(s).},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85134226759,

title = {Hazards related to the presence of cadmium in food – Studies on the European soil centipede, Lithobius forficatus},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and Ł. Chajec and A. Chachulska-Żymełka and G. Wilczek and M. Skowronek and S. Student and M. Leśniewska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134226759&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2022.157298&partnerID=40&md5=3e44db2c8124fdeab23b618b4495900f},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157298},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {845},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The soil is an environment rich in numerous potentially toxic substances/elements when present at elevated concentrations. They can be transported through the successive levels of the trophic chain. Animals living in a contaminated environment or eating contaminated food can accumulate potentially toxic elements in their bodies. One of the potentially toxic metals is cadmium, which accumulates significantly in soils. The aim of our research was to evaluate the changes caused by cadmium supplied with the food administered to invertebrates living in uncontaminated soil. The results were compared with those obtained for animals raised in contaminated soil, where cadmium entered the body via the epidermis. As the material for studies, we chose a common European soil centipede, Lithobius forficatus. Adult specimens were divided into the following experimental groups: C – control animals, Cd12 and Cd45 – animals fed with Chironomus larvae maintained in water containing 80 mg/l CdCl2, for 12 and 45 days, respectively. The material was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis (transmission electron microscopy; confocal microscopy; flow cytometry; atomic absorption spectrometry). Eventually, we can conclude that the digestive system is an effective barrier against the effects of toxic metals on the entire organism, but among the gonads, ovaries are more protected than testes, however, this protection is not sufficient. Accumulation of spherites and mitochondrial alterations are probably involved in survival mechanisms of tissues after Cd intoxication. © 2022},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85138707037,

title = {Ultra-Morphology and Mechanical Function of the Trichoideum Sensillum in Nabis rugosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha)},

author = { S. Chakilam and J. Brożek and Ł. Chajec and I. Poprawa and R. Gaidys},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138707037&doi=10.3390%2finsects13090799&partnerID=40&md5=a5977c86566c96b128ee99bcedf507ef},

doi = {10.3390/insects13090799},

issn = {20754450},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Insects},

volume = {13},

number = {9},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The present study aims to investigate the morphological features of the antennal sensilla by using SEM and TEM. The construction of a 3D model of trichoideum sensillum using Amira software is presented in this paper. Five sensillum types, namely trichoideum, chaeticum, campaniformium, coeloconicum, and basiconicum, were recorded. This model exhibits the mechanosensillum components, including the embedded hair in a socket attached by the joint membrane and the dendrite connected to the hair base passing through the cuticle layers. TEM images present the dendrite way, micro-tubules inside the dendritic sheath, and terminal structure of the tubular dendrite body and so-called companion cells included in the receptor, e.g., tormogen and trichogen. The parameters noted for the external structure and ultrastructure of the mechano-receptor indicate that they are specific to a particular type of sensillum and would be useful in developing the model for a biosensor. Results show that bio-inspired sensors can be developed based on morphological and ultrastructural studies and to conduct mechanical studies on their components. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85126721523,

title = {Verification of Hypsibius exemplaris Gasiorek et al., 2018 (Eutardigrada; Hypsibiidae) application in anhydrobiosis research},

author = { I. Poprawa and T. Bartylak and A. Kulpla and W. Erdmann and M. Roszkowska and Ł. Chajec and Ł. Kaczmarek and A. Karachitos and H. Kmita},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126721523&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0261485&partnerID=40&md5=c0d8d20c4266ee75b06091725f44a72a},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0261485},

issn = {19326203},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {17},

number = {3 March},

publisher = {Public Library of Science},

abstract = {Anhydrobiosis is considered to be an adaptation of important applicative implications because it enables resistance to the lack of water. The phenomenon is still not well understood at molecular level. Thus, a good model invertebrate species for the research is required. The best known anhydrobiotic invertebrates are tardigrades (Tardigrada), considered to be toughest animals in the world. Hypsibius. exemplaris is one of the best studied tardigrade species, with its name "exemplaris"referring to the widespread use of the species as a laboratory model for various types of research. However, available data suggest that anhydrobiotic capability of the species may be overestimated. Therefore, we determined anhydrobiosis survival by Hys. exemplaris specimens using three different anhydrobiosis protocols. We also checked ultrastructure of storage cells within formed dormant structures (tuns) that has not been studied yet for Hys. exemplaris. These cells are known to support energetic requirements of anhydrobiosis. The obtained results indicate that Hys. exemplaris appears not to be a good model species for anhydrobiosis research. © 2022 Poprawa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85135778294,

title = {Insight into the microbial and genetic response of anammox biomass to broad range concentrations of different antibiotics: Linking performance and mechanism},

author = { F. Gamoń and A. Banach-Wiśniewska and I. Poprawa and G. Cema and A. Ziembińska-Buczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135778294&doi=10.1016%2fj.cej.2022.138546&partnerID=40&md5=51c3cb2b615b3b508878b5568ff19ba2},

doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2022.138546},

issn = {13858947},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal},

volume = {451},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Antibiotics have become emerging pollutants occurring in wastewater, influencing the activity of microorganisms responsible for wastewater treatment. Moreover, the potential application of the anammox process in the treatment of antibiotic-containing wastewater has paid much attention. A common antibiotic, OTC (oxytetracycline), CIP (ciprofloxacin), and CLA (clarithromycin) are recognized to be monitored in wastewater due to their relatively high concentration and hazardous impact on the environment. However, their effect on the anammox process remains unknown. Therefore, this paper presents the study concerning the long-term effects of a successive concentration of three antibiotics (OTC; CIP; CLA) on the anammox process, with special emphasis on treatment efficiency, resistance mechanism, bacteria cell morphology, and activated sludge community structure. It is worth noting that the influence of a successive concentration of CIP and CLA has been studied for the first time. Results revealed that anammox community could adapt to CIP, OTC, and CLA at low concentrations (<1 mg L-1), while the high concentration of antibiotics (100 mg L-1) reduced the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) by 27 % (OTC), 30 % (CIP), and 56 % (CLA). Community structure analysis showed that the abundance of Planctomycetes increased with the increase of CIP and CLA concentration while decreasing under OTC stress. On contrary, other nitrogen-cycle bacteria (e.g.; Nitrospira) contributed to the nitrogen removal, especially during antibiotic suppression. The abundance of corresponding ARGs (OTC resistance gens: tetX; tetC; tetW; CIP resistance gens: qnrB4; qnrS; CLA resistance gens: mphA) generally increased under antibiotic suppression. In addition, co-occurrence analysis showed that anammox bacteria might participate in the transfer of macrolide resistance genes. The findings of this study are essential in understanding the mechanisms of three antibiotics commonly occurring in wastewater during the anammox process. Moreover, the results have implications for using the anammox process for antibiotic-containing wastewater treatment and provide the operational guidance for stable conducting of the anammox process under antibiotics suppression. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85112445640,

title = {Oogenesis in the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris Gąsiorek, Stec, Morek & Michalczyk, 2018 (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae)},

author = { M. Jezierska and A. Miernik and J. Sojka and S. Student and M.A. Śliwińska and V. Gross and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85112445640&doi=10.1016%2fj.micron.2021.103126&partnerID=40&md5=7a7b1f02bb3bcc1366c0d92cccf0c425},

doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2021.103126},

issn = {09684328},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Micron},

volume = {150},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Tardigrades are small, globally widespred invertebrates that need at least a thin layer of water to be active. There are gonochoric, hermaphroditic, and parthenogenetic species among them. The main aim of this study was to analyze the structure of the ovary, the structure of female germ cell clusters, and the course of oogenesis in the parthenogenetic species Hypsibius exemplaris, which in 2007 was recognized as a model organism. The material was analyzed using light and confocal microscopy as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Histochemical and immunohistochemical methods were used. Our study showed that in the meroistic-polytrophic ovary of the examined species, branched germ cell clusters are formed in which one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the remaining cells become trophocytes. Vitellogenesis is of the mixed type: the first part of the yolk is synthesized by the oocyte (autosynthesis); the second part is synthesized by trophocytes and transported to the oocyte by cytoplasmic bridges; and the third part is synthesized outside the ovary (in storage cells) and transported to the oocyte by endocytosis. At the end of oogenesis, the trophocytes die by apoptosis. Parthenogenetic female of H. exemplaris lays from one to a dozen smooth eggs into exuviae. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85105631786,

title = {Effects of cadmium on mitochondrial structure and function in different organs: studies on the soil centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda)},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and Ł. Chajec and A. Chachulska-Żymełka and G. Wilczek and P. Wilczek and M. Tarnawska and S. Student and M. Leśniewska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105631786&doi=10.1080%2f24750263.2021.1912199&partnerID=40&md5=521cb3648cd8129014a1058fea253b44},

doi = {10.1080/24750263.2021.1912199},

issn = {24750263},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {European Zoological Journal},

volume = {88},

number = {1},

pages = {632-648},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {Mitochondria are organelles that play a crucial role in cell physiology, cell death, and aging. They are among the first responders to different stressors that originate from the environment. Cadmium as a heavy metal affects different levels of body organization: from organs through tissues and cells to organelles. Based on our previous research results, we decided to check how the exposure to cadmium affects the functioning of mitochondria in different organs of soil living centipede Lithobius forficatus. The activity of mitochondria in somatic and germ cells has been analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial dismutase (MnSOD) activity in relation to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by cadmium exposure have been studied. Individuals were divided into 3 experimental groups depending on cadmium concentration in soil. Changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure caused by cadmium are tissue-dependent and associated with an increase of ROS levels. The system of ROS and MnSOD activation works more efficiently in the case of gonads than in the digestive system. While the short-term cadmium exposure alters the fine structure of both the somatic and germ-line cells in gonads, the long-term cadmium exposure causes mitochondrial ultrastructure regeneration. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85087489337,

title = {Effects of short- and long-term exposure to cadmium on salivary glands and fat body of soil centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda): Histology and ultrastructure},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and Ł. Chajec and A. Chachulska-Żymełka and M. Leśniewska and S. Student},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087489337&doi=10.1016%2fj.micron.2020.102915&partnerID=40&md5=6309db2f521f14d140f64b2f7000a299},

doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2020.102915},

issn = {09684328},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Micron},

volume = {137},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Cadmium (Cd) is the most widely studied heavy metal in terms of food-chain accumulation and contamination because it can strongly affect all environments (e.g.; soil; water; air). It can accumulate in different tissues and organs and can affect the organism at different levels of organization: from organs, tissues and cells though cell organelles and structures to activation of mechanisms of survival and cell death. In soil-dwelling organisms heavy metals gather in all tissues with accumulation properties: midgut, salivary glands, fat body. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of cadmium on the soil species Lithobius forficatus, mainly on two organs responsible for gathering different substances, the fat body and salivary glands, at the ultrastructural level. Changes caused by cadmium short- and long-term intoxication, connected with cell death (autophagy; apoptosis; necrosis), and the crosstalk between them, were analyzed. Adult specimens of L. forficatus were collected in a natural environment and divided into three experimental groups: C (the control group), Cd1 (cultured in soil with 80 mg/kg of CdCl2 for 12 days) and Cd2 (cultured in soil with 80 mg/kg of CdCl2 for 45 days). Transmission electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural alterations in both of the organs analyzed (reduction in the amount of reserve material; the appearance of vacuoles; etc.). Qualitative analysis using TUNEL assay revealed distinct crosstalk between autophagy and necrosis in the fat body adipocytes, while crosstalk between autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis in the salivary glands was detected in salivary glands of the centipedes examined here. We conclude that different organs in the body can react differently to the same stressor, as well as to the same concentration and time of exposure. Different mechanisms at the ultrastructural level activate different types of cell death and with different dynamics. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85077649319,

title = {Integrative description of bisexual Paramacrobiotus experimentalis sp. nov. (Macrobiotidae) from republic of Madagascar (Africa) with microbiome analysis},

author = { Ł. Kaczmarek and M. Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and K. Janelt and H. Kmita and M. Gawlak and E. Fiałkowska and M. Mioduchowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077649319&doi=10.1016%2fj.ympev.2019.106730&partnerID=40&md5=ec477c665ea735f5ffce7f509a692384},

doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106730},

issn = {10557903},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},

volume = {145},

publisher = {Academic Press Inc.},

abstract = {In a moss samples collected on Madagascar two populations of Paramacrobiotus experimentalis sp. nov. were found. Paramacrobiotus experimentalis sp. nov. with the presence of a microplacoid and areolatus type of eggs is similar to Pam. danielae, Pam. garynahi, Pam. hapukuensis, Pam. peteri, Pam. rioplatensis and Pam. savai, but it differs from them by some morphological and morphometric characters of the eggs. The p-distance between two COI haplotypes of Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. was 0.17%. In turn, the ranges of uncorrected genetic p-distances of all Paramacrobiotus species available in GenBank was from 18.27% (for Pam. lachowskae) to 25.26% (for Pam. arduus) with an average distance of 20.67%. We also found that Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. is bisexual. This observation was congruent on three levels: (i) morphological – specimen size dimorphism; (ii) structural (primary sexual characteristics) – females have an unpaired ovary while males have an unpaired testis and (iii) molecular – heterozygous and homozygous strains of the ITS-2 marker. Although symbiotic associations of hosts with bacteria (including endosymbiotic bacteria) are common in nature and these interactions exert various effects on the evolution, biology and reproductive ecology of hosts, there is still very little information on the bacterial community associated with tardigrades. To fill this gap and characterise the bacterial community of Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. populations and microbiome of its microhabitat, high throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions in the bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragment was performed. The obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences ranged from 92,665 to 131163. In total, 135 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified across the rarefied dataset. Overall, both Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. populations were dominated by OTUs ascribed to the phylum Proteobacteria (89–92%) and Firmicutes (6–7%). In the case of samples from tardigrades’ laboratory habitat, the most abundant bacterial phylum was Proteobacteria (51–90%) and Bacteroides (9–48%). In all compared microbiome profiles, only 16 of 137 OTUs were shared. We found also significant differences in beta diversity between the partly species-specific microbiome of Pam. experimentalis sp. nov. and its culturing environment. Two OTUs belonging to a putative bacterial endosymbiont were identified – Rickettsiales and Polynucleobacter. We also demonstrated that each bacterial community was rich in genes involved in membrane transport, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85080938032,

title = {Analysis of encystment, excystment, and cyst structure in freshwater eutardigrade thulinius ruffoi (Tardigrada, isohypsibioidea: Doryphoribiidae)},

author = { K. Janelt and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85080938032&doi=10.3390%2fd12020062&partnerID=40&md5=a0c2d101c554aad7d7bd75b933d86375},

doi = {10.3390/d12020062},

issn = {14242818},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Diversity},

volume = {12},

number = {2},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Encystment in tardigrades is relatively poorly understood. It is seen as an adaptive strategy evolved to withstand unfavorable environmental conditions. This process is an example of the epigenetic, phenotypic plasticity which is closely linked to the molting process. Thulinius ruffoi is a freshwater eutardigrade and a representative of one of the biggest eutardigrade orders. This species is able to form cysts. The ovoid-shaped cysts of this species are known from nature, but cysts may also be obtained under laboratory conditions. During encystment, the animals undergo profound morphological changes that result in cyst formation. The animals surround their bodies with cuticles that isolate them from the environment. These cuticles form a cuticular capsule (cyst wall) which is composed of three cuticles. Each cuticle is morphologically distinct. The cuticles that form the cuticular capsule are increasingly simplified. During encystment, only one, unmodified and possibly functional buccal-pharyngeal apparatus was found to be formed. Apart from the feeding apparatus, the encysted specimens also possess a set of claws, and their body is covered with its own cuticle. As a consequence, the encysted animals are fully adapted to the active life after leaving the cyst capsule. © 2020 by the authors.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85086015206,

title = {Influence of soil contaminated with cadmium on cell death in the digestive epithelium of soil centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda)},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and Ł. Chajec and A. Chachulska-Żymełka and G. Wilczek and P. Wilczek and S. Student and M. Skowronek and A. Nadgórska-Socha and M. Leśniewska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086015206&doi=10.1080%2f24750263.2020.1757168&partnerID=40&md5=58f49682d112d8cec5ea24fe0e5c2b11},

doi = {10.1080/24750263.2020.1757168},

issn = {24750263},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {European Zoological Journal},

volume = {87},

number = {1},

pages = {242-262},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {Cadmium is a heavy metal that is treated as an environmental pollutant (air; water; soil). In order to understand the potential effects of cadmium in soil and soil invertebrates, it is important to describe all alterations which appear at different levels in organisms. The main aim of this study was to investigate, analyze and describe the alterations caused by cadmium short- and long-term intoxication at different levels in the organisms: from tissues to cells and organelles. In addition, the activation of cell death mechanisms that take part in homeostasis maintenance according to cadmium has been studied. Therefore, as the species for this project, a terrestrial and well-known widespread European species–the centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda; Chilopoda; Lithobiomorpha)–was chosen. This omnivorous species lives under upper layers of soil, under stones, litter, rocks, and leaves, and it is also commonly found in human habitats. The animals were divided into three groups: C–the control group, animals cultured in a horticultural soil; Cd1–animals cultured in a horticultural soil supplemented with 80 mg/kg (dry weight) of CdCl2, 12 days–short-term exposure; Cd2–animals cultured in a horticultural soil supplemented with 80 mg/kg (dry weight) of CdCl2, 45 days–long-term exposure. The midgut was isolated from each specimen and it was prepared for analysis using some histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Our studies showed that short-term intoxication causes intensification of autophagy and digestion of reserve material, while long-term exposure to this heavy metal causes activation of cell death processes together with inhibition of autophagy connected with the lack of reserve material. Additionally, we can infer that autophagy and cell death are nutrient deprivation-induced processes. Finally, we can conclude that short- and long-term exposure of soil centipede to cadmium affects different mechanisms and processes of cell death. © 2020, © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85083723243,

title = {Structure of the germarium and female germ-cell clusters in Thulinius ruffoi (Bertolani, 1982) (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Parachela)},

author = { K. Janelt and M. Jezierska and S. Student and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083723243&doi=10.1093%2fzoolinnean%2fzlz108&partnerID=40&md5=6bc6998582f5fe5c7ff3d9a581e14392},

doi = {10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz108},

issn = {00244082},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},

volume = {188},

number = {3},

pages = {776-787},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {Thulinius ruffoi is a freshwater species that has the ability to reproduce via parthenogenesis. A meroistic polytrophic ovary is present in this species. Analyses of the germarium structure, and formation and organization of female germ-cell clusters were performed using light, confocal laser scanning, transmission electron and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. The germarium is the small, anterior part of an ovary that contains putative germ-line stem cells. In the studied species, the female germ-cell clusters are large and branched. Only one cell in each cluster develops into an oocyte, while all the other cells become trophocytes. In this paper, we present the first report on the presence of F-actin as a component of the intercellular bridges that connect the cells in the germ-cell cluster of T. ruffoi. Moreover, our results show that the female germ-cell clusters are formed as the result of both synchronous and asynchronous divisions and that their organization can vary not only between individuals of the investigated species, but also that clusters developing simultaneously within the same ovary can have a different spatial organization. © 2019 The Linnean Society of London},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85083692263,

title = {Ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium in three species of Macrobiotidae (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Parachela)},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and K. Janelt and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083692263&doi=10.1093%2fzoolinnean%2fzlz052&partnerID=40&md5=98795359bf5de4e4ae3ec09aa4a9f4bf},

doi = {10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz052},

issn = {00244082},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},

volume = {188},

number = {3},

pages = {788-796},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {Three species of Macrobiotidae, Macrobiotus polonicus, Macrobiotus diversus and Macrobiotus pallarii, were selected for analysis of the fine structure of the midgut epithelium. They are gonochoric and carnivorous species that live in wet terrestrial and freshwater environments. The ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium of the investigated Macrobiotidae species was analysed in both males and females. Their digestive system is composed of fore- and hindguts that are covered by a cuticle, and the middle region, termed the midgut. It is lined with a simple epithelium that is formed by digestive cells that have a distinct brush border. Crescent-shaped cells that form an anterior ring in the border between the fore- and midgut were detected. The ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium of the examined species differs slightly depending on sex. The digestive cells of the posterior segment of the intestine contain numerous lipid droplets, which are the reserve material. We concluded that the digestive cells of the Macrobiotidae midgut are responsible for its intracellular digestion owing to endocytosis. They also participate in the extracellular digestion owing to merocrine secretion (exocytosis). However, the midgut is not the main organ that accumulates reserve material. Additionally, the midgut epithelium does not participate in oogenesis. © 2019 The Linnean Society of London},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85064672993,

title = {Staying young and fit? Ontogenetic and phylogenetic consequences of animal anhydrobiosis},

author = { Ł. Kaczmarek and M. Roszkowska and D. Fontaneto and M. Jezierska and B. Pietrzak and R. Wieczorek and I. Poprawa and J.Z. Kosicki and A. Karachitos and H. Kmita},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064672993&doi=10.1111%2fjzo.12677&partnerID=40&md5=75d70f05f782cb42c0202f1c15127e14},

doi = {10.1111/jzo.12677},

issn = {09528369},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Zoology},

volume = {309},

number = {1},

pages = {1-11},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {Although gradual deterioration of life functions with age is not a fundamental rule, it is pervasive among living organisms, regardless of their mode of reproduction and the number of constituent cells. However, deterioration can be temporarily arrested or slowed down due to the process of anhydrobiosis. Two modes of anhydrobiosis can be distinguished for the developmental and adult stages of animals. Developmental resting stages are reported for different animals, including sponges (Porifera), stingers (Cnidaria), flatworms (Platyhelminthes), insects (Insecta), copepods (Copepoda) and branchiopods (Branchiopoda). However, anhydrobiosis occurring at any stage of animal life, including adults, is found only in a few invertebrate phyla, namely roundworms (Nematoda), wheel animals (Rotifera) and water bears (Tardigrada). Notably, in the second group anhydrobiosis has been proposed to eliminate or slow-down aging symptoms. This, in turn, may correlate with higher fitness and fecundity, and increased offspring longevity. We present available data concerning anhydrobiosis of tardigrades, bdelloid rotifers and nematodes, the only animals known to be capable of anhydrobiosis as adult individuals. The impact of anhydrobiosis on animal aging is illustrated by two models based on experimental data, namely the “Sleeping Beauty” and “Picture of Dorian Grey” models. According to the “Sleeping Beauty” model, anhydrobiotic organisms do not age during anhydrobiosis, whereas the “Picture of Dorian Grey” model predicts that the anhydrobiotic organism ages, at least during the initial stage of anhydrobiosis. Finally, we discuss possible implications of these models for individual longevity and survival as well as phenotypic diversity of taxa and their evolution. A better understanding of life strategies of anhydrobiotic animals both at the ontogenetic and phylogenetic levels can provide answers to many fundamental questions and useful practical outputs in branches of applied sciences. © 2019 The Zoological Society of London},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85062015143,

title = {Ecophysiology and dynamics of nitrogen removal bacteria in a sequencing batch reactor during wastewater treatment start-up},

author = { A. Ziembińska-Buczyńska and A. Banach-Wiśniewska and M. Tomaszewski and I. Poprawa and S. Student and G. Cema},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062015143&doi=10.1007%2fs13762-019-02275-w&partnerID=40&md5=0033dd676f8e7d2d7fb987a81255452b},

doi = {10.1007/s13762-019-02275-w},

issn = {17351472},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology},

volume = {16},

number = {8},

pages = {4215-4222},

publisher = {Center for Environmental and Energy Research and Studies},

abstract = {Nitrogen removal communities performing wastewater treatment consist of ammonia oxidisers, nitrite oxidisers, denitrifiers, and anammox bacteria, and the proportion and activity of particular microbial groups depend not only on the physiochemical parameters of the bioreactor, but also on the composition of the inoculum. Nitrifiers and denitrifiers usually dominate in conventional wastewater treatment systems due to the fact that nitrification and denitrification are the most commonly used nitrogen removal processes. However, from the economical point of view in case of wastewater with high ammonia concentrations, anammox-based technologies are desirable for their treatment. The disadvantage of such systems is slow anammox bacteria growth, which extends an effective technological start-up. Thus, in this study, a fast start-up of the anammox process supported with an anammox-rich inoculum was performed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Using anammox inoculation of SBR laboratory system, the start-up can be fastened to 85 days with 84.5% of nitrogen removal efficacy. The spatial distribution of nitrogen removal bacteria analysed with fluorescent in situ hybridisation revealed that anammox and nitrifiers are located side by side in the flocs and the relative number of ammonia and nitrite oxidisers decreased after 85 days of the experiment. © 2019, The Author(s).},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85064656463,

title = {The female reproductive system and oogenesis in Thulinius ruffoi (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Isohypsibiidae)},

author = { K. Janelt and M. Jezierska and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064656463&doi=10.1016%2fj.asd.2019.04.003&partnerID=40&md5=d6e4f697231389b7015e18a55a74be0c},

doi = {10.1016/j.asd.2019.04.003},

issn = {14678039},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Arthropod Structure and Development},

volume = {50},

pages = {53-63},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {In this study, we describe the female reproductive system organization and oogenesis in the eutardigrade Thulinius ruffoi. Light, confocal and electron microscopy was used in this study. During oogenesis, three phases can be distinguished: previtellogenesis, vitellogenesis, and choriogenesis. Germ-line cells form cell clusters in which the cells are connected by intercellular (cytoplasmic) bridges. These structures are crucial for delivering the yolk materials, macromolecules, ribosomes, and organelles to the developing oocyte. Vitellogenesis is of a mixed type. Autosynthesis and heterosynthesis of the yolk material occur. Yolk precursors that have been synthesized outside the ovary are delivered to the oocyte via endocytosis. We also present data on cortical granules, and moreover, we describe the cortical reaction in tardigrades, possibly for the first time. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85059464706,

title = {Fine structure of the midgut epithelium of Thulinius ruffoi (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Parachela) in relation to oogenesis and simplex stage},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and K. Janelt and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059464706&doi=10.1016%2fj.asd.2018.12.002&partnerID=40&md5=ebb830d538630fb7deaef04387168e72},

doi = {10.1016/j.asd.2018.12.002},

issn = {14678039},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Arthropod Structure and Development},

volume = {49},

pages = {128-136},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Thulinius ruffoi is a small freshwater tardigrade that lives in both non-polluted and polluted freshwater environments. As a result of tardigradan body miniaturization, the digestive system is reduced and simplified. It consists of a short fore- and hindgut, and the midgut in the shape of a short tube is lined with a simple epithelium. The midgut epithelium is formed by the digestive cells and two rings of crescent-shaped cells were also detected. The anterior ring is located at the border between the fore- and midgut, while the posterior ring is situated between the mid- and hindgut. The precise ultrastructure of the digestive and crescent-shaped cells was examined using transmission electron microscopy, serial block face scanning electron microscopy and histochemical methods. We analyzed the changes that occurred in the midgut epithelial cells according to oogenesis (the species is parthenogenetic and there were only females in the laboratory culture). We focused on the accumulation of reserve material and the relationship between this and the intensity of autophagy. We concluded that autophagy supplies energy during a natural period of starvation (the simplex stage) and delivers the energy and probably the substances that are required during oogenesis. Apoptosis was not detected in the midgut epithelium of T. ruffoi. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85046726029,

title = {The role of autophagy in the midgut epithelium of Parachela (Tardigrada)},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and K. Janelt and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046726029&doi=10.1007%2fs00435-018-0407-x&partnerID=40&md5=0c5243383ecda419d277cc18238a6d9a},

doi = {10.1007/s00435-018-0407-x},

issn = {0720213X},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Zoomorphology},

volume = {137},

number = {4},

pages = {501-509},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {The process of cell death has been detected in the midgut epithelium of four tardigrade species which belong to Parachela: Macrobiotus diversus, Macrobiotus polonicus, Hypsibius dujardini and Xerobiotus pseudohufelandi. They originated from different environments so they have been affected by different stressors: M. polonicus was extracted from a moss sample collected from a railway embankment; M. diversus was extracted from a moss sample collected from a petrol station; X. pseudohufelandi originated from sandy and dry soil samples collected from a pine forest; H. dujardini was obtained commercially but it lives in a freshwater or even in wet terrestrial environment. Autophagy is caused in the digestive cells of the midgut epithelium by different factors. However, a distinct crosstalk between autophagy and necrosis in tardigrades’ digestive system has been described at the ultrastructural level. Apoptosis has not been detected in the midgut epithelium of analyzed species. We also determined that necrosis is the major process that is responsible for the degeneration of the midgut epithelium of tardigrades, and “apoptosis–necrosis continuum” which is the relationship between these two processes, is disrupted. © 2018, The Author(s).},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85052329580,

title = {A comparative ultrastructure study of storage cells in the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer in the hydrated state and after desiccation and heating stress},

author = { M. Czerneková and K. Janelt and S. Student and K.I. Jönsson and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052329580&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0201430&partnerID=40&md5=bd412ce7ef959542b9a875e61d2f012b},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0201430},

issn = {19326203},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {13},

number = {8},

publisher = {Public Library of Science},

abstract = {Tardigrades represent an invertebrate phylum with no circulatory or respiratory system. Their body cavity is filled with free storage cells of the coelomocyte-type, which are responsible for important physiological functions. We report a study comparing the ultrastructure of storage cells in anhydrobiotic and hydrated specimens of the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer. We also analysed the effect of temperature stress on storage cell structure. Firstly, we verified two types of ultrastructurally different storage cells, which differ in cellular organelle complexity, amount and content of reserve material and connection to oogenetic stage. Type I cells were found to differ ultrastructurally depending on the oogenetic stage of the animal. The main function of these cells is energy storage. Storage cells of Type I were also observed in the single male that was found among the analysed specimens. The second cell type, Type II, found only in females, represents young undifferentiated cells, possibly stem cells. The two types of cells also differ with respect to the presence of nucleolar vacuoles, which are related to oogenetic stages and to changes in nucleolic activity during oogenesis. Secondly, this study revealed that storage cells are not ultrastructurally affected by six months of desiccation or by heating following this desiccation period. However, heating of the desiccated animals (tuns) tended to reduce animal survival, indicating that longterm desiccation makes these animals more vulnerable to heat stress. We confirmed the degradative pathways during the rehydration process after desiccation and heat stress. Our study is the first to document two ultrastructurally different types of storage cells in tardigrades and reveals new perspectives for further studies of tardigrade storage cells. © 2018 Czerneková et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85020752319,

title = {Fine structure of the midgut epithelium in the millipede Telodeinopus aoutii (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) with special emphasis on epithelial regeneration},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and M. Kszuk-Jendrysik and A. Marchewka and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020752319&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-017-1131-y&partnerID=40&md5=a3781f2c8cd62a43c01405cb2d7fa4b6},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-017-1131-y},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {255},

number = {1},

pages = {43-55},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {The midgut of millipedes is composed of a simple epithelium that rests on a basal lamina, which is surrounded by visceral muscles and hepatic cells. As the material for our studies, we chose Telodeinopus aoutii (Demange; 1971) (Kenyan millipede) (Diplopoda; Spirostreptida), which lives in the rain forests of Central Africa. This commonly reared species is easy to obtain from local breeders and easy to culture in the laboratory. During our studies, we used transmission and scanning electron microscopes and light and fluorescent microscopes. The midgut epithelium of the species examined here shares similarities to the structure of the millipedes analyzed to date. The midgut epithelium is composed of three types of cells—digestive, secretory, and regenerative cells. Evidence of three types of secretion have been observed in the midgut epithelium: merocrine, apocrine, and microapocrine secretion. The regenerative cells of the midgut epithelium in millipedes fulfill the role of midgut stem cells because of their main functions: self-renewal (the ability to divide mitotically and to maintain in an undifferentiated state) and potency (ability to differentiate into digestive cells). We also confirmed that spot desmosomes are common intercellular junctions between the regenerative and digestive cells in millipedes. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Wien.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84988733639,

title = {The structure of the desiccated Richtersius coronifer (Richters, 1903)},

author = { M. Czerneková and K.I. Jönsson and Ł. Chajec and S. Student and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988733639&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-016-1027-2&partnerID=40&md5=62cbfabb0d8adefb6e74414e16f59f10},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-016-1027-2},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {254},

number = {3},

pages = {1367-1377},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Tun formation is an essential morphological adaptation for entering the anhydrobiotic state in tardigrades, but its internal structure has rarely been investigated. We present the structure and ultrastructure of organs and cells in desiccated Richtersius coronifer by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and histochemical methods. A 3D reconstruction of the body organization of the tun stage is also presented. The tun formation during anhydrobiosis of tardigrades is a process of anterior-posterior body contraction, which relocates some organs such as the pharyngeal bulb. The cuticle is composed of epicuticle, intracuticle and procuticle; flocculent coat; and trilaminate layer. Moulting does not seem to restrict the tun formation, as evidenced from tardigrade tuns that were in the process of moulting. The storage cells of desiccated specimens filled up the free inner space and surrounded internal organs, such as the ovary and digestive system, which were contracted. All cells (epidermal cells; storage cells; ovary cells; cells of the digestive system) underwent shrinkage, and their cytoplasm was electron dense. Lipids and polysaccharides dominated among reserve material of storage cells, while the amount of protein was small. The basic morphology of specific cell types and organelles did not differ between active and anhydrobiotic R. coronifer. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Wien.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85019459857,

title = {Induction of apoptosis in normal human dermal fibroblasts infected with Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato},

author = { B. Rozwadowska and M. Albertyńska and H. Okła and K.P. Jasik and A.S. Swinarew and U. Mazurek and S. Dudek and D. Urbańska-Jasik and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019459857&doi=10.1089%2fvbz.2016.2057&partnerID=40&md5=255d7093edc07969151218b3873f5f98},

doi = {10.1089/vbz.2016.2057},

issn = {15303667},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases},

volume = {17},

number = {4},

pages = {237-242},

publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert Inc.},

abstract = {The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. can enter into different eukaryotic cells. Intracellular localization of bacteria may cause many changes in different cell pathways like apoptosis-mediated caspase cascade. The present studies focused on gene expression associated with caspase cascade after normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) infection with Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii, and B. burgdorferi s.s. The use of oligonucleotide microarray technique enabled an expression level comparison of genes associated with caspase cascade in NHDF infected with spirochetes. The increased expression of genes associated with caspase cascade was observed in case of CASP5, CASP2, CARD10, CASP10, MALT1, and NLRP1. The decreased expression was observed in case of CASP4, CASP6, and CASP1. The mRNA expression for CASP3 was inhibited in cells infected with three genospecies of Borrelia. However, the intensity of fluorescence was not statistically significant. In addition, cell cultures were fixed and procedure of caspase-3 detection and the TUNEL assay were performed. The in situ caspase-3 detection procedure confirmed the results obtained from microarray analyses. Only several fluorescent signals were observed. Many apoptotic cells were detected in NHDF-infected cultures with all spirochete genospecies found using the TUNEL reaction. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2017.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85013763791,

title = {Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)},

author = { I. Poprawa and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and D.J. Klionsky and K. Abdelmohsen and A. Abe and M.J. Abedin and H. Abeliovich and A. Acevedo-Arozena and H. Adachi and C.M. Adams and P.D. Adams and K. Adeli and P.J. Adhihetty and S.G. Adler and G. Agam and R. Agarwal and M.K. Aghi and M. Agnello and P. Agostinis and P.V. Aguilar and J.A. Aguirre-Ghiso and E.M. Airoldi and S. Ait-Si-Ali and T. Akematsu and E.T. Akporiaye and M. Al-Rubeai and G.M. Albaiceta and C. Albanese and D. Albani and M.L. Albert and J. Aldudo and H. Algül and M. Alirezaei and I. Alloza and A. Almasan and M. Almonte-Beceril and E.S. Alnemri and C. Alonso and N. Altan-Bonnet and D.C. Altieri and S. Alvarez and L. Alvarez-Erviti and S. Alves and G. Amadoro and A. Amano and C. Amantini and S. Ambrosio and I. Amelio and A.O. Amer and M. Amessou and A. Amon and Z. An and Authors. Other},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013763791&doi=10.1080%2f15548627.2015.1100356&partnerID=40&md5=c7b9c89e5113f0c72d642ba75e5097c9},

doi = {10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356},

issn = {15548627},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Autophagy},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {1-222},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Inc.},

abstract = {[No abstract available] 

Authors: Klionsky, D.J.; Abdelmohsen, K.; Abe, A.; Abedin, M.J.; Abeliovich, H.; Acevedo-Arozena, A.; Adachi, H.; Adams, C.M.; Adams, P.D.; Adeli, K.; Adhihetty, P.J.; Adler, S.G.; Agam, G.; Agarwal, R.; Aghi, M.K.; Agnello, M.; Agostinis, P.; Aguilar, P.V.; Aguirre-Ghiso, J.A.; Airoldi, E.M.; Ait-Si-Ali, S.; Akematsu, T.; Akporiaye, E.T.; Al-Rubeai, M.; Albaiceta, G.M.; Albanese, C.; Albani, D.; Albert, M.L.; Aldudo, J.; Algül, H.; Alirezaei, M.; Alloza, I.; Almasan, A.; Almonte-Beceril, M.; Alnemri, E.S.; Alonso, C.; Altan-Bonnet, N.; Altieri, D.C.; Alvarez, S.; Alvarez-Erviti, L.; Alves, S.; Amadoro, G.; Amano, A.; Amantini, C.; Ambrosio, S.; Amelio, I.; Amer, A.O.; Amessou, M.; Amon, A.; An, Z.; Anania, F.A.; Andersen, S.U.; Andley, U.P.; Andreadi, C.K.; Andrieu-Abadie, N.; Anel, A.; Ann, D.K.; Anoopkumar-Dukie, S.; Antonioli, M.; Aoki, H.; Apostolova, N.; Aquila, S.; Aquilano, K.; Araki, K.; Arama, E.; Aranda, A.; Araya, J.; Arcaro, A.; Arias, E.; Arimoto, H.; Ariosa, A.R.; Armstrong, J.L.; Arnould, T.; Arsov, I.; Asanuma, K.; Askanas, V.; Asselin, E.; Atarashi, R.; Atherton, S.S.; Atkin, J.D.; Attardi, L.D.; Auberger, P.; Auburger, G.; Aurelian, L.; Autelli, R.; Avagliano, L.; Avantaggiati, M.L.; Avrahami, L.; Azad, N.; Awale, S.; Bachetti, T.; Backer, J.M.; Bae, D.H.; Bae, J.S.; Bae, O.N.; Bae, S.H.; Baehrecke, E.H.; Baek, S.H.; Baghdiguian, S.; Bagniewska-Zadworna, A.; Bai, H.; Bai, J.; Bai, X.Y.; Bailly, Y.; Balaji, K.N.; Balduini, W.; Ballabio, A.; Balzan, R.; Banerjee, R.; Bánhegyi, G.; Bao, H.; Barbeau, B.; Barrachina, M.D.; Barreiro, E.; Bartel, B.; Bartolomé, A.; Bassham, D.C.; Bassi, M.T.; Bast Jr. R.C.; Basu, A.; Batista, M.T.; Batoko, H.; Battino, M.; Bauckman, K.; Baumgarner, B.L.; Bayer, K.U.; Beale, R.; Beaulieu, J.F.; Beck, G.R.; Becker, C.; Beckham, J.D.; Bédard, P.A.; Bednarski, P.J.; Begley, T.J.; Behl, C.; Behrends, C.; Behrens, G.M.N.; Behrns, K.E.; Bejarano, E.; Belaid, A.; Belleudi, F.; Bénard, G.; Berchem, G.; Bergamaschi, D.; Bergami, M.; Berkhout, B.; Berliocchi, L.; Bernard, A.; Bernard, M.; Bernassola, F.; Bertolotti, A.; Bess, A.S.; Besteiro, S.; Bettuzzi, S.; Bhalla, S.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Bhutia, S.K.; Biagosch, C.; Bianchi, M.W.; Biard-Piechaczyk, M.; Billes, V.; Bincoletto, C.; Bingol, B.; Bird, S.W.; Bitoun, M.; Bjedov, I.; Blackstone, C.; Blanc, L.; Blanco, G.A.; Blomhoff, H.K.; Boada-Romero, E.; Böckler, S.; Boes, M.; Boesze-Battaglia, K.; Boise, L.H.; Bolino, A.; Boman, A.; Bonaldo, P.; Bordi, M.; Bosch, J.; Botana, L.M.; Botti, J.; Bou, G.; Bouché, M.; Bouchecareilh, M.; Boucher, M.J.; Boulton, M.E.; Bouret, S.G.; Boya, P.; Boyer-Guittaut, M.; Bozhkov, P.V.; Brady, N.R.; Braga, V.M.M.; Brancolini, C.; Braus, G.H.; Bravo-San-Pedro, J.M.; Brennan, L.A.; Bresnick, E.H.; Brest, P.; Bridges, D.; Bringer, M.A.; Brini, M.; Brito, G.C.; Brodin, B.; Brookes, P.S.; Brown, E.J.; Brown, K.; Broxmeyer, H.E.; Bruhat, A.; Brum, P.C.; Brumell, J.H.; Brunetti-Pierri, N.; Bryson-Richardson, R.J.; Buch, S.; Buchan, A.M.; Budak, H.; Bulavin, D.V.; Bultman, S.J.; Bultynck, G.; Bumbasirevic, V.; Burelle, Y.; Burke, R.E.; Burmeister, M.; Bütikofer, P.; Caberlotto, L.; Cadwell, K.; Cahová, M.; Cai, D.; Cai, J.; Cai, Q.; Calatayud, S.; Camougrand, N.; Campanella, M.; Campbell, G.R.; Campbell, M.; Campello, S.; Candau, R.; Caniggia, I.; Cantoni, L.; Cao, L.; Caplan, A.B.; Caraglia, M.; Cardinali, C.; Cardoso, S.M.; Carew, J.S.; Carleton, L.A.; Carlin, C.R.; Carloni, S.; Carlsson, S.R.; Carmona-Gutierrez, D.; Carneiro, L.A.M.; Carnevali, O.; Carra, S.; Carrier, A.; Carroll, B.; Casas, C.; Casas, J.; Cassinelli, G.; Castets, P.; Castro-Obregon, S.; Cavallini, G.; Ceccherini, I.; Cecconi, F.; Cederbaum, A.I.; Ceña, V.; Cenci, S.; Cerella, C.; Cervia, D.; Cetrullo, S.; Chaachouay, H.; Chae, H.J.; Chagin, A.S.; Chai, C.Y.; Chakrabarti, G.; Chamilos, G.; Chan, E.Y.W.; Chan, M.T.V.; Chandra, D.; Chandra, P.; Chang, C.P.; Chang, R.C.C.; Chang, T.Y.; Chatham, J.C.; Chatterjee, S.; Chauhan, S.; Che, Y.; Cheetham, M.E.; Cheluvappa, R.; Chen, C.J.; Chen, G.; Chen, G.C.; Chen, G.Q.; Chen, H.; Chen, J.W.; Chen, J.K.; Chen, M.; Chen, M.; Chen, P.; Chen, Q.; Chen, Q.; Chen, S.D.; Chen, S.; Chen, S.S.L.; Chen, W.; Chen, W.J.; Chen, W.Q.; Chen, W.; Chen, X.; Chen, Y.H.; Chen, Y.G.; Chen, Y.; Chen, Y.; Chen, Y.; Chen, Y.J.; Chen, Y.Q.; Chen, Y.; Chen, Z.; Chen, Z.; Cheng, A.; Cheng, C.H.K.; Cheng, H.; Cheong, H.; Cherry, S.; Chesney, J.; Cheung, C.H.A.; Chevet, E.; Chi, H.C.; Chi, S.G.; Chiacchiera, F.; Chiang, H.L.; Chiarelli, R.; Chiariello, M.; Chieppa, M.; Chin, L.S.; Chiong, M.; Chiu, G.N.C.; Cho, D.H.; Cho, S.G.; Cho, W.C.; Cho, Y.Y.; Cho, Y.S.; Choi, A.M.K.; Choi, E.J.; Choi, E.K.; Choi, J.; Choi, M.E.; Choi, S.I.; Chou, T.F.; Chouaib, S.; Choubey, D.; Choubey, V.; Chow, K.C.; Chowdhury, K.; Chu, C.T.; Chuang, T.H.; Chun, T.; Chung, H.; Chung, T.; Chung, Y.L.; Chwae, Y.J.; Cianfanelli, V.; Ciarcia, R.; Ciechomska, I.A.; Ciriolo, M.R.; Cirone, M.; Claerhout, S.; Clague, M.J.; Clària, J.; Clarke, P.G.H.; Clarke, R.; Clementi, E.; Cleyrat, C.; Cnop, M.; Coccia, E.M.; Cocco, T.; Codogno, P.; Coers, J.; Cohen, E.E.W.; Colecchia, D.; Coletto, L.; Coll, N.S.; Colucci-Guyon, E.; Comincini, S.; Condello, M.; Cook, K.L.; Coombs, G.H.; Cooper, C.D.; Cooper, J.M.; Coppens, I.; Corasaniti, M.T.; Corazzari, M.; Corbalan, R.; Corcelle-Termeau, E.; Cordero, M.D.; Corral-Ramos, C.; Corti, O.; Cossarizza, A.; Costelli, P.; Costes, S.; Cotman, S.L.; Coto-Montes, A.; Cottet, S.; Couve, E.; Covey, L.R.; Cowart, L.A.; Cox, J.S.; Coxon, F.P.; Coyne, C.B.; Cragg, M.S.; Craven, R.J.; Crepaldi, T.; Crespo, J.L.; Criollo, A.; Crippa, V.; Cruz, M.T.; Cuervo, A.M.; Cuezva, J.M.; Cui, T.; Cutillas, P.R.; Czaja, M.J.; Czyzyk-Krzeska, M.F.; Dagda, R.K.; Dahmen, U.; Dai, C.; Dai, W.; Dai, Y.; Dalby, K.N.; Valle, L.D.; Dalmasso, G.; D'amelio, M.; Damme, M.; Darfeuille-Michaud, A.; Dargemont, C.; Darley-Usmar, V.M.; Dasarathy, S.; Dasgupta, B.; Dash, S.; Dass, C.R.; Davey, H.M.; Davids, L.M.; Dávila, D.; Davis, R.J.; Dawson, T.M.; Dawson, V.L.; Daza, P.; de Belleroche, J.; de Figueiredo, P.; de Figueiredo, R.C.B.Q.; de la Fuente, J.; De Martino, L.; De Matteis, A.; De Meyer, G.R.Y.; De Milito, A.; De Santi, M.; de Souza, W.; De Tata, V.; De Zio, D.; Debnath, J.; Dechant, R.; Decuypere, J.P.; Deegan, S.; Dehay, B.; Del Bello, B.; Del Re, D.P.; Delage-Mourroux, R.; Delbridge, L.M.D.; Deldicque, L.; Delorme-Axford, E.; Deng, Y.Z.; Dengjel, J.; Denizot, M.; Dent, P.; Der, C.J.; Deretic, V.; Derrien, B.; Deutsch, E.; Devarenne, T.P.; Devenish, R.J.; Di Bartolomeo, S.; Di Daniele, N.; Di Domenico, F.; Di Nardo, A.; Di Paola, S.; Di Pietro, A.; Di Renzo, L.; Di Antonio, A.; Díaz-Araya, G.; Díaz-Laviada, I.; Diaz-Meco, M.T.; Diaz-Nido, J.; Dickey, C.A.; Dickson, R.C.; Diederich, M.; Digard, P.; Dikic, I.; Dinesh-Kumar, S.P.; Ding, C.; Ding, W.X.; Ding, Z.; Dini, L.; Distler, J.H.W.; Diwan, A.; Djavaheri-Mergny, M.; Dmytruk, K.; Dobson, R.C.J.; Doetsch, V.; Dokladny, K.; Dokudovskaya, S.; Donadelli, M.; Dong, X.C.; Dong, X.; Dong, Z.; Donohue, T.M.; Donohue-Jr, T.M.; Doran, K.S.; D'orazi, G.; Dorn, G.W.; Dosenko, V.; Dridi, S.; Drucker, L.; Du, J.; Du, L.L.; Du, L.; du Toit, A.; Dua, P.; Duan, L.; Duann, P.; Dubey, V.K.; Duchen, M.R.; Duchosal, M.A.; Duez, H.; Dugail, I.; Dumit, V.I.; Duncan, M.C.; Dunlop, E.A.; Dunn, W.A.; Dupont, N.; Dupuis, L.; Durán, R.V.; Durcan, T.M.; Duvezin-Caubet, S.; Duvvuri, U.; Eapen, V.; Ebrahimi-Fakhari, D.; Echard, A.; Eckhart, L.; Edelstein, C.L.; Edinger, A.L.; Eichinger, L.; Eisenberg, T.; Eisenberg-Lerner, A.; Eissa, N.T.; El-Deiry, W.S.; El-Khoury, V.; Elazar, Z.; Eldar-Finkelman, H.; Elliott, C.J.H.; Emanuele, E.; Emmenegger, U.; Engedal, N.; Engelbrecht, A.M.; Engelender, S.; Enserink, J.M.; Erdmann, R.; Erenpreisa, J.; Eri, R.; Eriksen, J.L.; Erman, A.; Escalante, R.; Eskelinen, E.L.; Espert, L.; Esteban-Martínez, L.; Evans, T.J.; Fabri, M.; Fabrias, G.; Fabrizi, C.; Facchiano, A.; Færgeman, N.J.; Faggioni, A.; Fairlie, W.D.; Fan, C.; Fan, D.; Fan, J.; Fang, S.; Fanto, M.; Fanzani, A.; Farkas, T.; Faure, M.; 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note = {3677},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85054826264,

title = {Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356},

author = { I. Poprawa and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and D.J. Klionsky and K. Abdelmohsen and A. Abe and M.J. Abedin and H. Abeliovich and A. Acevedo-Arozena and H. Adachi and C.M. Adams and P.D. Adams and K. Adeli and P.J. Adhihetty and S.G. Adler and G. Agam and R. Agarwal and M.K. Aghi and M. Agnello and P. Agostinis and P.V. Aguilar and J.A. Aguirre-Ghiso and E.M. Airoldi and S. Ait-Si-Ali and T. Akematsu and E.T. Akporiaye and M. Al-Rubeai and G.M. Albaiceta and C. Albanese and D. Albani and M.L. Albert and J. Aldudo and H. Algül and M. Alirezaei and I. Alloza and A. Almasan and M. Almonte-Beceril and E.S. Alnemri and C. Alonso and N. Altan-Bonnet and D.C. Altieri and S. Alvarez and L. Alvarez-Erviti and S. Alves and G. Amadoro and A. Amano and C. Amantini and S. Ambrosio and I. Amelio and A.O. Amer and M. Amessou and A. Amon and Z. An and Authors. Other},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85054826264&doi=10.1080%2f15548627.2016.1147886&partnerID=40&md5=14fd1b79eff1a7ce4a3f523f1da1853d},

doi = {10.1080/15548627.2016.1147886},

issn = {15548627},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Autophagy},

volume = {12},

number = {2},

pages = {443-},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Inc.},

abstract = {[No abstract available] 

Authors: Klionsky, D.J.; Abdelmohsen, K.; Abe, A.; Abedin, M.J.; Abeliovich, H.; Acevedo-Arozena, A.; Adachi, H.; Adams, C.M.; Adams, P.D.; Adeli, K.; Adhihetty, P.J.; Adler, S.G.; Agam, G.; Agarwal, R.; Aghi, M.K.; Agnello, M.; Agostinis, P.; Aguilar, P.V.; Aguirre-Ghiso, J.A.; Airoldi, E.M.; Ait-Si-Ali, S.; Akematsu, T.; Akporiaye, E.T.; Al-Rubeai, M.; Albaiceta, G.M.; Albanese, C.; Albani, D.; Albert, M.L.; Aldudo, J.; Algül, H.; Alirezaei, M.; Alloza, I.; Almasan, A.; Almonte-Beceril, M.; Alnemri, E.S.; Alonso, C.; Altan-Bonnet, N.; Altieri, D.C.; Alvarez, S.; Alvarez-Erviti, L.; Alves, S.; Amadoro, G.; Amano, A.; Amantini, C.; Ambrosio, S.; Amelio, I.; Amer, A.O.; Amessou, M.; Amon, A.; An, Z.; Anania, F.A.; Andersen, S.U.; Andley, U.P.; Andreadi, C.K.; Andrieu-Abadie, N.; Anel, A.; Ann, D.K.; Anoopkumar-Dukie, S.; Antonioli, M.; Aoki, H.; Apostolova, N.; Aquila, S.; Aquilano, K.; Araki, K.; Arama, E.; Aranda, A.; Araya, J.; Arcaro, A.; Arias, E.; Arimoto, H.; Ariosa, A.R.; Armstrong, J.L.; Arnould, T.; Arsov, I.; Asanuma, K.; Askanas, V.; Asselin, E.; Atarashi, R.; Atherton, S.S.; Atkin, J.D.; Attardi, L.D.; Auberger, P.; Auburger, G.; Aurelian, L.; Autelli, R.; Avagliano, L.; Avantaggiati, M.L.; Avrahami, L.; Azad, N.; Awale, S.; Bachetti, T.; Backer, J.M.; Bae, D.H.; Bae, J.S.; Bae, O.N.; Bae, S.H.; Baehrecke, E.H.; Baek, S.H.; Baghdiguian, S.; Bagniewska-Zadworna, A.; Bai, H.; Bai, J.; Bai, X.Y.; Bailly, Y.; Balaji, K.N.; Balduini, W.; Ballabio, A.; Balzan, R.; Banerjee, R.; Bánhegyi, G.; Bao, H.; Barbeau, B.; Barrachina, M.D.; Barreiro, E.; Bartel, B.; Bartolomé, A.; Bassham, D.C.; Bassi, M.T.; Bast Jr. R.C.; Basu, A.; Batista, M.T.; Batoko, H.; Battino, M.; Bauckman, K.; Baumgarner, B.L.; Bayer, K.U.; Beale, R.; Beaulieu, J.F.; Beck, G.R.; Becker, C.; Beckham, J.D.; Bédard, P.A.; Bednarski, P.J.; Begley, T.J.; Behl, C.; Behrends, C.; Behrens, G.M.N.; Behrns, K.E.; Bejarano, E.; Belaid, A.; Belleudi, F.; Bénard, G.; Berchem, G.; Bergamaschi, D.; Bergami, M.; Berkhout, B.; Berliocchi, L.; Bernard, A.; Bernard, M.; Bernassola, F.; Bertolotti, A.; Bess, A.S.; Besteiro, S.; Bettuzzi, S.; Bhalla, S.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Bhutia, S.K.; Biagosch, C.; Bianchi, M.W.; Biard-Piechaczyk, M.; Billes, V.; Bincoletto, C.; Bingol, B.; Bird, S.W.; Bitoun, M.; Bjedov, I.; Blackstone, C.; Blanc, L.; Blanco, G.A.; Blomhoff, H.K.; Boada-Romero, E.; Böckler, S.; Boes, M.; Boesze-Battaglia, K.; Boise, L.H.; Bolino, A.; Boman, A.; Bonaldo, P.; Bordi, M.; Bosch, J.; Botana, L.M.; Botti, J.; Bou, G.; Bouché, M.; Bouchecareilh, M.; Boucher, M.J.; Boulton, M.E.; Bouret, S.G.; Boya, P.; Boyer-Guittaut, M.; Bozhkov, P.V.; Brady, N.R.; Braga, V.M.M.; Brancolini, C.; Braus, G.H.; Bravo-San-Pedro, J.M.; Brennan, L.A.; Bresnick, E.H.; Brest, P.; Bridges, D.; Bringer, M.A.; Brini, M.; Brito, G.C.; Brodin, B.; Brookes, P.S.; Brown, E.J.; Brown, K.; Broxmeyer, H.E.; Bruhat, A.; Brum, P.C.; Brumell, J.H.; Brunetti-Pierri, N.; Bryson-Richardson, R.J.; Buch, S.; Buchan, A.M.; Budak, H.; Bulavin, D.V.; Bultman, S.J.; Bultynck, G.; Bumbasirevic, V.; Burelle, Y.; Burke, R.E.; Burmeister, M.; Bütikofer, P.; Caberlotto, L.; Cadwell, K.; Cahová, M.; Cai, D.; Cai, J.; Cai, Q.; Calatayud, S.; Camougrand, N.; Campanella, M.; Campbell, G.R.; Campbell, M.; Campello, S.; Candau, R.; Caniggia, I.; Cantoni, L.; Cao, L.; Caplan, A.B.; Caraglia, M.; Cardinali, C.; Cardoso, S.M.; Carew, J.S.; Carleton, L.A.; Carlin, C.R.; Carloni, S.; Carlsson, S.R.; Carmona-Gutierrez, D.; Carneiro, L.A.M.; Carnevali, O.; Carra, S.; Carrier, A.; Carroll, B.; Casas, C.; Casas, J.; Cassinelli, G.; Castets, P.; Castro-Obregon, S.; Cavallini, G.; Ceccherini, I.; Cecconi, F.; Cederbaum, A.I.; Ceña, V.; Cenci, S.; Cerella, C.; Cervia, D.; Cetrullo, S.; Chaachouay, H.; Chae, H.J.; Chagin, A.S.; Chai, C.Y.; Chakrabarti, G.; Chamilos, G.; Chan, E.Y.W.; Chan, M.T.V.; Chandra, D.; Chandra, P.; Chang, C.P.; Chang, R.C.C.; Chang, T.Y.; Chatham, J.C.; Chatterjee, S.; Chauhan, S.; Che, Y.; Cheetham, M.E.; Cheluvappa, R.; Chen, C.J.; 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note = {20},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84996587512,

title = {Body cavity cells of Parachela during their active life},

author = { M. Hyra and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and S. Student and A. Włodarczyk and M. Deperas and K. Janelt and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84996587512&doi=10.1111%2fzoj.12463&partnerID=40&md5=350576eb88cfb1a39add6b3a09711fd1},

doi = {10.1111/zoj.12463},

issn = {00244082},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},

volume = {178},

number = {4},

pages = {878-887},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {The body cavity cells (storage cells; storage bodies) of four species of Parachela (hermaphroditic Isohypsibius granulifer granulifer; parthenogenetic Hypsibius dujardini; gonochoristic Xerobiotus pseudohufelandi; gonochoristic Macrobiotus polonicus) were analysed during their active life using light, confocal (laser scanning), and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of the storage cells confirmed previous studies suggesting a high level of metabolic activity. Additionally, we revealed the participation of the storage cells of H. dujardini, I. g. granulifer, and M. polonicus in the synthesis of vitellogenins. This did not seem to apply for X. pseudohufelandi. All of the species that were examined in this study accumulated polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids in their body cavity cells, but the amount of these components differed in each species. Isohypsibius g. granulifer accumulated a huge amount of polysaccharides and smaller amounts of lipids and proteins, H. dujardini and M. polonicus primarily accumulated lipids and small amounts of polysaccharides and proteins, whereas X. pseudohufelandi primarily accumulated polysaccharides and lipids, and a small amount of proteins. © 2016 The Linnean Society of London},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84996587380,

title = {Ultrastructural changes in the midgut epithelium of Hypsibius dujardini (Doyère, 1840) (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) in relation to oogenesis},

author = { M. Hyra and I. Poprawa and A. Włodarczyk and S. Student and L. Sonakowska and M. Kszuk-Jendrysik and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84996587380&doi=10.1111%2fzoj.12467&partnerID=40&md5=b97a5818640cb0b994faeef9aad17b1d},

doi = {10.1111/zoj.12467},

issn = {00244082},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},

volume = {178},

number = {4},

pages = {897-906},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {In Hypsibius dujardini (Doyère; 1840), the endodermal region of the digestive system, which is called the midgut, spreads along the entire length of the body. Its wall is formed by a simple epithelium that is composed of digestive cells. In this paper, we present the first report on the presence of two groups of midgut regenerative cells that form two ‘epithelial rings’ – anterior and posterior. Additionally, we observed the proliferative abilities of the midgut regenerative cells, thus confirming the statement that they play the role of midgut stem cells. The precise ultrastructure of the digestive and regenerative cells was determined using transmission electron microscopy. Changes in the digestive and regenerative cells were correlated with the different stages of oogenesis. The process of oogenesis in H. dujardini took 4 days (at a temperature of 16 °C). Reserve material gradually accumulated in the cytoplasm of the digestive cells and histochemical staining showed that it primarily contained proteins, polysaccharides and a small quantity of lipids. The reserve material accumulated during vitellogenesis, and it began to decrease during choriogenesis. During the simplex stage, when the entire buccal–pharyngeal apparatus was expelled from the body, the stages of oogenesis were advanced, the midgut was much reduced, and the reserve material was exploited by the animal. © 2016 The Linnean Society of London},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)},

author = { I. Poprawa and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and D.J. Klionsky and K. Abdelmohsen and A. Abe and M.J. Abedin and H. Abeliovich and A. Acevedo-Arozena and H. Adachi and C.M. Adams and P.D. Adams and K. Adeli and P.J. Adhihetty and S.G. Adler and G. Agam and R. Agarwal and M.K. Aghi and M. Agnello and P. Agostinis and P.V. Aguilar and J.A. Aguirre-Ghiso and E.M. Airoldi and S. Ait-Si-Ali and T. Akematsu and E.T. Akporiaye and M. Al-Rubeai and G.M. Albaiceta and C. Albanese and D. Albani and M.L. Albert and J. Aldudo and H. Algül and M. Alirezaei and I. Alloza and A. Almasan and M. Almonte-Beceril and E.S. Alnemri and C. Alonso and N. Altan-Bonnet and D.C. Altieri and S. Alvarez and L. Alvarez-Erviti and S. Alves and G. Amadoro and A. Amano and C. Amantini and S. Ambrosio and I. Amelio and A.O. Amer and M. Amessou and A. Amon and Z. An and Authors. Other},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013763791&doi=10.1080%2f15548627.2015.1100356&partnerID=40&md5=c7b9c89e5113f0c72d642ba75e5097c9},

doi = {10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Autophagy},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {1-222},

note = {3902},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356},

author = { I. Poprawa and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and D.J. Klionsky and K. Abdelmohsen and A. Abe and M.J. Abedin and H. Abeliovich and A. Acevedo-Arozena and H. Adachi and C.M. Adams and P.D. Adams and K. Adeli and P.J. Adhihetty and S.G. Adler and G. Agam and R. Agarwal and M.K. Aghi and M. Agnello and P. Agostinis and P.V. Aguilar and J.A. Aguirre-Ghiso and E.M. Airoldi and S. Ait-Si-Ali and T. Akematsu and E.T. Akporiaye and M. Al-Rubeai and G.M. Albaiceta and C. Albanese and D. Albani and M.L. Albert and J. Aldudo and H. Algül and M. Alirezaei and I. Alloza and A. Almasan and M. Almonte-Beceril and E.S. Alnemri and C. Alonso and N. Altan-Bonnet and D.C. Altieri and S. Alvarez and L. Alvarez-Erviti and S. Alves and G. Amadoro and A. Amano and C. Amantini and S. Ambrosio and I. Amelio and A.O. Amer and M. Amessou and A. Amon and Z. An and Authors. Other},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85054826264&doi=10.1080%2f15548627.2016.1147886&partnerID=40&md5=14fd1b79eff1a7ce4a3f523f1da1853d},

doi = {10.1080/15548627.2016.1147886},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Autophagy},

volume = {12},

number = {2},

pages = {443-},

note = {20},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84941261199,

title = {Ultrastructural analysis of apoptosis and autophagy in the midgut epithelium of Piscicola geometra (Annelida, Hirudinida) after blood feeding},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and P. Świątek and I. Poprawa and W. Rupik and E. Swadźba and M. Kszuk-Jendrysik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84941261199&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-015-0774-9&partnerID=40&md5=d95bf7417e87113a7f5110757a8a41ef},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-015-0774-9},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {252},

number = {5},

pages = {1387-1396},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Cell death in the endodermal region of the digestive tract of the blood-feeding leech Piscicola geometra was analyzed using light and transmission electron microscopes and the fluorescence method. Sexually mature specimens of P. geometra were bred under laboratory conditions and fed on Danio rerio. After copulation, the specimens laid cocoons. The material for our studies were non-feeding juveniles collected just after hatching, non-feeding adult specimens, and leeches that had been fed with fish blood (D. rerio) only once ad libitum. The fed leeches were prepared for our studies during feeding and after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days (not sexually mature specimens) and some weeks after feeding (the sexually mature). Autophagy in all regions of the endodermal part of the digestive system, including the esophagus, the crop, the posterior crop caecum (PCC), and the intestine was observed in the adult non-feeding and feeding specimens. In fed specimens, autophagy occurred at very high levels—in 80 to 90 % of epithelial cells in all four regions. In contrast, in adult specimens that did not feed, this process occurred at much lower levels—about 10 % (esophagus and intestine) and about 30 % (crop and PCC) of the midgut epithelial cells. Apoptosis occurred in the feeding adult specimens but only in the crop and PCC. However, it was absent in the non-feeding adult specimens and the specimens that were collected during feeding. Moreover, neither autophagy nor apoptosis were observed in the juvenile, non-feeding specimens. The appearance of autophagy and apoptosis was connected with feeding on toxic blood. We concluded that autophagy played the role of a survival factor and was involved in the protection of the epithelium against the products of blood digestion. Quantitative analysis was prepared to determine the number of autophagic and apoptotic cells. © 2015, The Author(s).},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84943450004,

title = {Germ cell cluster organization and oogenesis in the tardigrade dactylobiotus parthenogeneticus bertolani, 1982 (Eutardigrada, murrayidae)},

author = { I. Poprawa and M. Hyra and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84943450004&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-014-0737-6&partnerID=40&md5=74609c7d317551c9790963b1a94ca4b1},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-014-0737-6},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {252},

number = {4},

pages = {1019-1029},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Germ cell cluster organization and the process of oogenesis in Dactylobiotus parthenogeneticus have been described using transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. The reproductive system of D. parthenogeneticus is composed of a single, sac-like, meroistic ovary and a single oviduct that opens into the cloaca. Two zones can be distinguished in the ovary: a small germarium that is filled with oogonia and a vitellarium that is filled with germ cell clusters. The germ cell cluster, which has the form of a modified rosette, consists of eight cells that are interconnected by stable cytoplasmic bridges. The cell that has the highest number of stable cytoplasmic bridges (four bridges) finally develops into the oocyte, while the remaining cells become trophocytes. Vitellogenesis of amixed type occurs in D. parthenogeneticus. One part of the yolk material is produced inside the oocyte (autosynthesis), while the second part is synthesized in the trophocytes and transported to the oocyte through the cytoplasmic bridges. The eggs are covered with two envelopes: a thin vitelline envelope and a three-layered chorion. The surface of the chorion forms small conical processes, the shape of which is characteristic for the species that was examined. In our paper, we present the first report on the rosette type of germ cell clusters in Parachela. © 2014, Springer-Verlag.},

note = {29},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84930651291,

title = {Structure and ultrastructure of the endodermal region of the alimentary tract in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca)},

author = { L. Sonakowska and A. Włodarczyk and I. Poprawa and M. Binkowski and J. ͆róbka and K. Kamińska and M. Kszuk-Jendrysik and Ł. Chajec and B. Zajusz and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930651291&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0126900&partnerID=40&md5=35407371799f653f6f724110b7a59dbe},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0126900},

issn = {19326203},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {10},

number = {5},

publisher = {Public Library of Science},

abstract = {The freshwater shrimp Neocaridina heteropoda (Crustacea; Malacostraca; Decapoda) originates from Asia and is one of the species that is widely available all over the world because it is the most popular shrimp that is bred in aquaria. The structure and the ultrastructure of the midgut have been described using X-ray microtomography, transmission electron microscopy, light and fluorescence microscopes. The endodermal region of the alimentary system in N. heteropoda consists of an intestine and a hepatopancreas. No differences were observed in the structure and ultrastructure of males and females of the shrimp that were examined. The intestine is a tube-shaped organ and the hepatopancreas is composed of two large diverticles that are divided into the blind-end tubules. Hepatopancreatic tubules have three distinct zones - proximal, medial and distal. Among the epithelial cells of the intestine, two types of cells were distinguished - D and E-cells, while three types of cells were observed in the epithelium of the hepatopancreas - F, B and E-cells. Our studies showed that the regionalization in the activity of cells occurs along the length of the hepatopancreatic tubules. The role and ultrastructure of all types of epithelial cells are discussed, with the special emphasis on the function of the E-cells, which are the midgut regenerative cells. Additionally, we present the first report on the existence of an intercellular junction that is connected with the E-cells of Crustacea. © 2015 Sonakowska et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84939978035,

title = {Ovary organization and oogenesis in the tardigrade Macrobiotus polonicus Pilato, Kaczmarek, Michalczyk & Lisi, 2003 (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae): ultrastructural and histochemical analysis},

author = { I. Poprawa and W. Schlechte-Wełnicz and M. Hyra},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939978035&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-014-0725-x&partnerID=40&md5=0bf070495cac990d1b5d7a1cd855d9f4},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-014-0725-x},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {252},

number = {3},

pages = {857-865},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {The female reproductive system, the process of oogenesis, and the morphology of the egg capsule of Macrobiotus polonicus were analyzed using transmission and scanning electron microscopy and histochemical methods. The female reproductive system of Macrobiotus polonicus consists of a single ovary and a single oviduct that opens into the cloaca. The seminal receptacle filled with sperm cells is present. The ovary is divided into two parts: a germarium that is filled with oogonia and a vitellarium that is filled with branched clusters of the germ cells. Meroistic oogenesis occurs in the species that was examined. The yolk material is synthesized by the oocyte (autosynthesis) and by the trophocytes and is transported to the oocyte through cytoplasmic bridges. The process of the formation of the egg envelopes starts in the late vitellogenesis. The egg capsule is composed of two envelopes—the vitelline envelope and the three-layered chorion. The vitelline envelope is of the primary type while the chorion is of a secondary type. The surface of the chorion is covered with conical processes that terminate with a strongly indented terminal disc. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Wien.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84919935962,

title = {Ultrastructural changes and programmed cell death of trophocytes in the gonad of Isohypsibius granulifer granulifer Thulin, 1928 (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Isohypsibiidae)},

author = { I. Poprawa and M. Hyra and M. Kszuk-Jendrysik and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919935962&doi=10.1016%2fj.micron.2014.11.008&partnerID=40&md5=8991e963db8aff5e58cf49caf7bdfcbf},

doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2014.11.008},

issn = {09684328},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Micron},

volume = {70},

pages = {26-33},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The studies on the fates of the trophocytes, the apoptosis and autophagy in the gonad of Isohypsibius granulifer granulifer have been described using transmission electron microscope, light and fluorescent microscopes. The results presented here are the first that are connected with the cell death of nurse cells in the gonad of tardigrades. However, here we complete the results presented by Weglarska (1987). The reproductive system of I. g. granulifer contains a single sack-like hermaphroditic gonad and a single gonoduct. The gonad is composed of three parts: a germarium filled with proliferating germ cells (oogonia); a vitellarium that has clusters of female germ cells (the region of oocytes development); and a male part filled with male germ cells in which the sperm cells develop. The trophocytes (nurse cells) show distinct alterations during all of the stages of oogenesis: previtello-, vitello- and choriogenesis. During previtellogenesis the female germ cells situated in the vitellarium are connected by cytoplasmic bridges, and form clusters of cells. No ultrastructural differences appear among the germ cells in a cluster during this stage of oogenesis. In early vitellogenesis, the cells in each cluster start to grow and numerous organelles gradually accumulate in their cytoplasm. However, at the beginning of the middle of vitellogenesis, one cell in each cluster starts to grow in order to differentiate into oocyte, while the remaining cells are trophocytes. Eventually, the cytoplasmic bridges between the oocyte and trophocytes disappear. Autophagosomes also appear in the cytoplasm of nurse cells together with many degenerating organelles. The cytoplasm starts to shrink, which causes the degeneration of the cytoplasmic bridges between trophocytes. Apoptosis begins when the cytoplasm of these cells is full of autophagosomes/autolysosomes and causes their death. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84923205361,

title = {The ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium in millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)},

author = { A. Sosinka and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and J. Vilimová and K. Tajovský and M. Kszuk-Jendrysik and Ł. Chajec and L. Sonakowska and K. Kamińska and M. Hyra and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923205361&doi=10.1016%2fj.asd.2014.06.005&partnerID=40&md5=031bc4c9e5c7c026a821e76da1ca47ce},

doi = {10.1016/j.asd.2014.06.005},

issn = {14678039},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Arthropod Structure and Development},

volume = {43},

number = {5},

pages = {477-492},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The midgut epithelia of the millipedes Polyxenus lagurus, Archispirostreptus gigas and Julus scandinavius were analyzed under light and transmission electron microscopies. In order to detect the proliferation of regenerative cells, labeling with BrdU and antibodies against phosphohistone H3 were employed. A tube-shaped midgut of three millipedes examined spreads along the entire length of the middle region of the body. The epithelium is composed of digestive, secretory and regenerative cells. The digestive cells are responsible for the accumulation of metals and the reserve material as well as the synthesis of substances, which are then secreted into the midgut lumen. The secretions are of three types - merocrine, apocrine and microapocrine. The oval or pear-like shaped secretory cells do not come into contact with the midgut lumen and represent the closed type of secretory cells. They possess many electron-dense granules (. J.scandinavius) or electron-dense granules and electron-lucent vesicles (. A.gigas; P.lagurus), which are accompanied by cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The regenerative cells are distributed individually among the basal regions of the digestive cells. The proliferation and differentiation of regenerative cells into the digestive cells occurred in J.scandinavius and A.gigas, while these processes were not observed in P.lagurus. As a resultof the mitotic division of regenerative cells, one of the newly formed cells fulfills the role of a regenerative cell, while the second one differentiates into a digestive cell. We concluded that regenerative cells play the role of unipotent midgut stem cells. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84886000052,

title = {Selective neuronal staining in tardigrades and onychophorans provides insights into the evolution of segmental ganglia in panarthropods},

author = { G. Mayer and C. Martin and J. Rüdiger and S. Kauschke and P.A. Stevenson and I. Poprawa and K. Hohberg and R.O. Schill and H.J. Pflüger and M. Schlegel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886000052&doi=10.1186%2f1471-2148-13-230&partnerID=40&md5=f97d31f99150d40ad792609f8a66798d},

doi = {10.1186/1471-2148-13-230},

issn = {14712148},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

abstract = {Background: Although molecular analyses have contributed to a better resolution of the animal tree of life, the phylogenetic position of tardigrades (water bears) is still controversial, as they have been united alternatively with nematodes, arthropods, onychophorans (velvet worms), or onychophorans plus arthropods. Depending on the hypothesis favoured, segmental ganglia in tardigrades and arthropods might either have evolved independently, or they might well be homologous, suggesting that they were either lost in onychophorans or are a synapomorphy of tardigrades and arthropods. To evaluate these alternatives, we analysed the organisation of the nervous system in three tardigrade species using antisera directed against tyrosinated and acetylated tubulin, the amine transmitter serotonin, and the invertebrate neuropeptides FMRFamide, allatostatin and perisulfakinin. In addition, we performed retrograde staining of nerves in the onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli in order to compare the serial locations of motor neurons within the nervous system relative to the appendages they serve in arthropods, tardigrades and onychophorans. Results: Contrary to a previous report from a Macrobiotus species, our immunocytochemical and electron microscopic data revealed contralateral fibres and bundles of neurites in each trunk ganglion of three tardigrade species, including Macrobiotus cf. harmsworthi, Paramacrobiotus richtersi and Hypsibius dujardini. Moreover, we identified additional, extra-ganglionic commissures in the interpedal regions bridging the paired longitudinal connectives. Within the ganglia we found serially repeated sets of serotonin- and RFamid-like immunoreactive neurons. Furthermore, our data show that the trunk ganglia of tardigrades, which include the somata of motor neurons, are shifted anteriorly with respect to each corresponding leg pair, whereas no such shift is evident in the arrangement of motor neurons in the onychophoran nerve cords. Conclusions: Taken together, these data reveal three major correspondences between the segmental ganglia of tardigrades and arthropods, including (i) contralateral projections and commissures in each ganglion, (ii) segmentally repeated sets of immunoreactive neurons, and (iii) an anteriorly shifted (parasegmental) position of ganglia. These correspondences support the homology of segmental ganglia in tardigrades and arthropods, suggesting that these structures were either lost in Onychophora or, alternatively, evolved in the tardigrade/arthropod lineage. © 2013 Mayer et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},

note = {55},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84880829513,

title = {The fine structure of the midgut epithelium in Xerobiotus pseudohufelandi (Iharos, 1966) (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae)},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and M. Hyra and M. Marek-Swedzioł and Ł. Kaczmarek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880829513&doi=10.4081%2fjlimnol.2013.s1.e7&partnerID=40&md5=d754c69e20672ade3db615f820943563},

doi = {10.4081/jlimnol.2013.s1.e7},

issn = {11295767},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Limnology},

volume = {72},

number = {SUPPL 1},

pages = {54-61},

abstract = {The aims of our studies were to describe the ultrastructure of the midgut epithelial cells of the eutardigrade Xerobiotus pseudohufelandi and to determine if there are any differences in the ultrastructure of midgut epithelial cells between males and females. The analysis was performed with the use of the light and transmission electron microscopes. In X. pseudohufelandi the midgut epithelium is composed of digestive cells, but in the anterior portion of the midgut a group of cells with different ultrastructure has been observed. Histochemical staining showed the accumulation of reserve material in the cytoplasm of digestive cells. We suggest that some of them fulfil the role of regenerative cells (crescent-like cells; midgut stem cells), whereas others are differentiating cells which form new digestive cells. No differences in the ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium between males and females were distinguished except in the amount of multivesicular bodies.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84879291028,

title = {Autophagy as the cell survival in response to a microsporidian infection of the midgut epithelium of Isohypsibius granulifer granulifer (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae)},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and Ł. Kaczmarek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879291028&doi=10.1111%2fj.1463-6395.2011.00552.x&partnerID=40&md5=8737a2f9f3af90860759af65eeb8943b},

doi = {10.1111/j.1463-6395.2011.00552.x},

issn = {00017272},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Acta Zoologica},

volume = {94},

number = {3},

pages = {273-279},

abstract = {The midgut epithelial cells of many invertebrates may possess microorganisms which act as symbionts or pathogens (bacteria; microsporidia; viruses). During our previous studies on Isohypsibius granulifer granulifer Thulin, 1928 (Tardigrada; Eutardigrada), which examined alterations of the midgut epithelium during oogenesis, we found that some of the specimens were infected with microsporidia. All stages of pathogens occurred in the cytoplasm of the digestive cells in the midgut epithelium of I. g. granulifer that were infected with microsporidia: meronts, sporonts, sporoblasts, and spores. The cytoplasm of the digestive cells was rich in mitochondria, cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and Golgi complexes. Autophagy in the digestive cells of the dorsal midgut was much more intensive in comparison with noninfected specimens. Membranes of phagophores surrounded the pathogens forming autophagosomes. These latter structures fused with lysosomes forming autolysosomes and residual bodies appeared. Neither glycogen granules nor droplets of varying electron density, which accumulated in digestive cells during vitellogenesis and choriogenesis, appeared in individuals with microsporidia. While the midgut epithelium in noninfected specimens takes part in vitellogenesis and choriogenesis, in infected specimens, midgut cells are involved in the process of autophagy as a survival strategy. © 2011 The Authors. Acta Zoologica © 2011 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79953234823,

title = {Ultrastructural changes of the midgut epithelium in Isohypsibius granulifer granulifer Thulin, 1928 (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada) during oogenesis},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and M. Wójtowicz and Ł. Kaczmarek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953234823&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-010-0186-9&partnerID=40&md5=2c1b8e156b11c6cf009e2cd8b0d326bc},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-010-0186-9},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {248},

number = {2},

pages = {405-414},

abstract = {The midgut epithelium of Isohypsibius granulifer granulifer (Eutardigrada) is composed of columnar digestive cells. At its anterior end, a group of cells with cytoplasm which differs from the cytoplasm of digestive cells is present. Probably, those cells respond to crescent-like cells (midgut regenerative cells) described for some tardigrade species. Their mitotic divisions have not been observed. We analyzed the ultrastructure of midgut digestive cells in relation to five different stages of oogenesis (previtellogenesis; beginning of the vitellogenesis; vitellogenesis-early choriogenesis; vitellogenesis-middle choriogenesis; late choriogenesis). In the midgut epithelium cells, the gradual accumulation of glycogen granules, lipid droplets and structures of varying electron density occurs. During vitellogenesis and choriogenesis, in the cytoplasm of midgut cells we observed the increasing number of organelles which are responsible for the intensive synthesis of lipids, proteins and saccharides such as cisterns of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes. At the end of oogenesis, autophagy also intensifies in midgut epithelial cells, which is probably caused by the great amount of reserve material. Midgut epithelium of analyzed species takes part in the yolk precursor synthesis. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.},

note = {27},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78650727360,

title = {Ultrastructural studies of the formation of the egg capsule in the hermaphroditic species, Isohypsibius granulifer granulifer Thulin, 1928 (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae)},

author = { I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650727360&doi=10.2108%2fzsj.28.37&partnerID=40&md5=ba4118609941588766c1d130999aa780},

doi = {10.2108/zsj.28.37},

issn = {02890003},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Zoological Science},

volume = {28},

number = {1},

pages = {37-40},

abstract = {The egg capsule of Isohypsibius granulifer granulifer Thulin 1928 (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) is composed of two shells: the thin vitelline envelope and the multilayered chorion. The process of the formation of the egg shell begins in middle vitellogenesis. The I. g. granulifer vitelline envelope is of the primary type (secreted by the oocyte), but the chorion should be regarded as a mixed type: primary (secreted by the oocyte), and secondary (produced by the cells of gonad wall). During early choriogenesis, the parts of the chorion are produced and then connected into a permanent layer. The completely developed chorion consists of three layers: (1) the inner, medium electron dense layer; (2) the middle labyrinthine layer; (3) the outer, medium electron dense layer. After the formation of the chorion, a vitelline envelope is secreted by the oocyte. © 2011 Zoological Society of Japan.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77957775200,

title = {Differentiation of regenerative cells in the midgut epithelium of epilachna cf. nylanderi (Mulsant 1850) (insecta, coleoptera, coccinellidae)},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and J. Klag and P. Migula and J. Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz and W.J. Przybyłowicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957775200&doi=10.3409%2ffb58_3-4.209-216&partnerID=40&md5=80d12a2aefa0799eb3551551788a56a9},

doi = {10.3409/fb58_3-4.209-216},

issn = {00155497},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Folia Biologica},

volume = {58},

number = {3-4},

pages = {209-216},

abstract = {Differentiation of regenerative cells in the midgut epithelium of Epilachna cf. nylanderi (Mulsant 1850) (Insecta; Coleoptera; Coccinellidae), a consumer of the Ni-hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii (Asteracae) from South Africa, has been monitored and described. Adult specimens in various developmental phaseswere studiedwith the use of lightmicroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. All degenerated epithelial cells are replaced by newly differentiated cells. They originate from regenerative cells which act as stem cells in the midgut epithelium. Just after pupal-adult transformation, the midgut epithelium of E. nylanderi is composed of columnar epithelial cells and isolated regenerative cells distributed among them. The regenerative cells proliferate intensively and form regenerative cell groups. In each regenerative cell group the majority of cells differentiate into new epithelial cells, while some of them still act as stem cells and persist as a reservoir of cells capable for proliferation and differentiation. Because this species is an obligate monophage of plants which accumulate nickel, proliferation and differentiation of midgut stem cells follow degeneration intensively and in a typical manner.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77956465521,

title = {Apoptosis and autophagy in the midgut epithelium of Acheta domesticus (Insecta, Orthoptera, Gryllidae)},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and A. Chachulska-Żymełka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956465521&doi=10.2108%2fzsj.27.740&partnerID=40&md5=fabe9e7f3c40eb1eb7a363ad398cacef},

doi = {10.2108/zsj.27.740},

issn = {02890003},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Zoological Science},

volume = {27},

number = {9},

pages = {740-745},

abstract = {The midgut epithelium of Acheta domesticus (Insecta; Orthoptera; Gryllidae), which is composed of columnar digestive cells and regenerative crypts, degenerates in two manners: necrotic and apoptotic. While necrosis was described in our previous paper, programmed cell death was the aim of the present studies. The first morphological signs of programmed cell death in midgut epithelium cells are alterations in the cytoplasm connected with shrinkage of the cells. Gradual modifications in a cell's structure cause it to be discharged into the midgut lumen, where it disintegrates. Autophagy is involved in the disintegration of organelles. The transitions of apoptotic cells are described at the ultrastructural level. Immunostaining methods were used in order to indicate the early stages of apoptosis when DNA fragmentation, which results from apoptotic signaling cascades, occurs. © 2010 Zoological Society of Japan.},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-54349111178,

title = {Degeneration of the midgut epithelium in Epilachna cf. nylanderi (Insecta, Coccinellidae): Apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and J. Klag and P. Migula and J. Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz and W.J. Przybyłowicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-54349111178&doi=10.1139%2fZ08-096&partnerID=40&md5=a31b6ec1e4c785eac6506fe4bd370a18},

doi = {10.1139/Z08-096},

issn = {00084301},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},

volume = {86},

number = {10},

pages = {1179-1188},

abstract = {This study investigates mechanisms of adaptation to metal toxicity peculiar to the midgut epithelium of Epilachna cf. nylanderi (Mulsant; 1850) (Coccinellidae). This species of beetle has currently been identified in only one locality in South Africa and is known to feed on the nickel hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii Roessl. (Asteraceae), an endemic plant species of the South African ultramafic ecosystem. Our focus involves an analysis of the morphological features of cells forming the midgut epithelium, which is the first organ exposed to toxic levels of metals ingested by the insect. Through the three key processes of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, excess metals are eliminated from the organism and homeostatic conditions are maintained. Apoptosis and necrosis are both known to be involved in the degradation of midgut epithelial cells, while the role of autophagy is mainly implicated in the disintegration of the organelles of cells. This study reports on the participation of these three key degenerative processes in the removal of excess metals based on targeted observations of the insect midgut epithelium by light and electron microscopies. Additionally, the TUNEL reaction was specifically used to detect apoptosis. © 2008 NRC.},

note = {42},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-37149015692,

title = {Ultrastructural changes in the midgut epithelium of the first larva of Allacma fusca (Insecta, Collembola, Symphypleona)},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and I. Poprawa and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-37149015692&doi=10.1111%2fj.1744-7410.2007.00105.x&partnerID=40&md5=2f8e1358b681cb8ff17e0d3032d20c99},

doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00105.x},

issn = {10778306},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Invertebrate Biology},

volume = {126},

number = {4},

pages = {366-372},

abstract = {In the newly hatched larva in Allacma fusca, the midgut epithelium was fully developed and formed by flattened epithelial cells surrounding the yolk mass in the midgut lumen. Immediately after hatching, the first larva began to feed; the migut lumen was filled with the yolk mass and food (mainly algae). Regenerative cells typical of the developing midgut epithelium of many insects were not observed. Initially, midgut cells of the larva were cuboidal but became columnar in shape with distinct regionalization in the distribution of cell organelles. Furthermore, urospherites appeared in the midgut cell cytoplasm, i.e., structures characteristic for the midgut epithelium of insects having no Malpighian tubules. As a result, cells with the capacity for digestion, absorption, and excretion were observed to be completely formed in the first larval stage. © 2007, The American Microscopical Society, Inc.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33750911410,

title = {Cellularization during embryogenesis in Thermobia domestica (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae)},

author = { M.M. Rost and I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33750911410&doi=10.1603%2f0013-8746%282006%2999%5b592%3aCDEITD%5d2.0.CO%3b2&partnerID=40&md5=8afbe7a17b34d53536d4deb70cfafbe0},

doi = {10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[592:CDEITD]2.0.CO;2},

issn = {00138746},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},

volume = {99},

number = {3},

pages = {592-597},

abstract = {During the first day of embryogenesis in firebrat, Thermobia domestica (Packard) (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae), energids (nuclei surrounded by a thin layer of nonmembraned cytoplasm) migrate toward the periplasm. Some of them are dispersed in the periplasm, whereas others remain inside the yolk. As the first syncytial blastoderm is formed, the oolemma invaginates deeply into the yolk forming numerous folds. These folds surround the energids that are settled in the periplasm. The cellular blastoderm, formed at the end of cleavage, remains thin. These cellularization events are described at the ultrastructural level. Our previous studies dealt with midgut epithelium formation. Our current results indicate that the same mechanism of cellularization occurs in both processes in this primitive wingless insect. The similarities between the mode of cellularization of the blastoderm and the midgut epithelium are discussed. © 2006 Entomological Society of America.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-29244450801,

title = {The structure and the formation of egg shells in the parthenogenetic species Dactylobiotus dispar Murray, 1907 (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada)},

author = { I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29244450801&doi=10.3409%2f173491605775142828&partnerID=40&md5=84583320c37b85880a71c80c3c2b95f6},

doi = {10.3409/173491605775142828},

issn = {00155497},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Folia Biologica},

volume = {53},

number = {3-4},

pages = {173-177},

publisher = {Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals},

abstract = {The eggs of Dactylobiotus dispar, similar to other Tardigrada eggs, are covered with two shells: the vitelline envelope and the chorion. Ultrastructural studies have shown that the oocyte actively participates in the formation of both shells. The process of egg capsule formation begins at the midpoint of vitellogenesis. The chorion at first appears as isolated cones resulting from the exocytotic activity of the oocyte and the ovarian epithelium. Subsequently, connections between the cones are formed. Three layers can be distinguished in the completely developed chorion: (1) the inner layer of medium electron density; (2) the middle, labyrinthine layer; (3) the outer layer of medium electron density with cones (future conical processes). After chorion formation, a vitelline envelope is secreted by the oocyte. The Dactylobiotus dispar egg is covered with small, conical processes with hooked tips. The surface of the chorion is covered with a mesh-like network consisting of elongated interstices. The egg capsule has no micropylar opening.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-24744457976,

title = {The ovary structure, previtellogenic and vitellogenic stages in parthenogenetic species Dactylobiotus dispar (Murray, 1907) (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada)},

author = { I. Poprawa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24744457976&doi=10.1016%2fj.tice.2005.06.003&partnerID=40&md5=47b85c79b100819d1c8d2adf12b473ed},

doi = {10.1016/j.tice.2005.06.003},

issn = {00408166},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Tissue and Cell},

volume = {37},

number = {5},

pages = {385-392},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The reproductive system of Dactylobiotus dispar consists of the ovary and the oviduct that opens into the rectum. The sack-like ovary is filled with the developing oocytes, which are assisted by the trophocytes. In D. dispar, the mixed vitellogenesis takes place. One part of the yolk material is produced inside the oocyte (autosynthesis), the second part is absorbed by micropinocytosis while the third part is synthesized in the trophocytes and is transported to the oocytes through the cytoplasmatic bridges. Moreover, rRNA, lipids and mitochondria are transfered from the trophocytes to the oocytes. The histochemical researches show that the reserve material accumulated in the oocytes contains proteins, polysaccharides and lipids. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-3242769907,

title = {Ultrastructure of the pleuropodium in 8-d-old embryos of Thermobia domestica (Packard) (Insecta, Zygentoma)},

author = { M.M. Rost and I. Poprawa and J. Klag},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3242769907&doi=10.1603%2f0013-8746%282004%29097%5b0541%3aUOTPID%5d2.0.CO%3b2&partnerID=40&md5=961787eb5a58aa13dd11cd2d41e8d85d},

doi = {10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0541:UOTPID]2.0.CO;2},

issn = {00138746},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},

volume = {97},

number = {3},

pages = {541-547},

publisher = {Entomological Society of America},

abstract = {Pleuropodia of the invaginated type were observed on the first abdominal segment in 8-d-old embryos of Thermobia domestica (Packard). The pleuropodium is formed by a cytoplasmatic internal part and a mushroom-like cavity. The latter is filled with fluid and is composed of a stem protruding through the epidermis and a vesicle-like copula. The arrangement of membrane folds, mitochondria, and lipid drops was observed on electron micrographs (TEM) of pleuropodium cells. The position and structure of these organelles indicates that the cells of this organ perform transport and secretory functions. © 2004 Entomological Society of America.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-11244317665,

title = {Structure and ultrastructure of the egg capsule of Thermobia domestica (Packard) (Insecta, Zygentoma)},

author = { I. Poprawa and M.M. Rost},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-11244317665&doi=10.3409%2f1734916044527511&partnerID=40&md5=60f580a3ce2a9d493e98c463fe29a256},

doi = {10.3409/1734916044527511},

issn = {00155497},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Folia Biologica},

volume = {52},

number = {3-4},

pages = {185-190},

publisher = {Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals},

abstract = {Eggs of Thermobia domestica (Packard) were collected from a laboratory culture. They were prepared for analysis in light and electron microscopes (TEM; SEM). A few hours after oviposition the egg capsule starts to tarnish and changes its colour to brown. Polygonic shapes on its surface can be seen. The egg capsule consists of a thin vitelline envelope and the chorion. The chorion consists of a one-layered endochorion and a three-layered exochorion. There are minor and major mushroom-like structures placed on the surface of the chorion. Their function is proposed. One micropyle is observed on the anterior pole of the egg. The micropylar opening is formed on the process of a follicular cell.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0036397512,

title = {Structure of ovaries and formation of egg envelopes in the stonefly, Leuctra autumnalis Aubert, 1948 (Plecoptera: Leuctridae). Ultrastructural studies},

author = { I. Poprawa and A. Baran and E. Rościszewska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036397512&partnerID=40&md5=3ed917e26fd9e6b89d0def575910bb55},

issn = {00155497},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Folia Biologica},

volume = {50},

number = {1-2},

pages = {29-38},

abstract = {The investigation of ovaries and the formation of egg envelopes of the stonefly Leuctra autumnalis was carried out with light and transmission electron microscopes. The ovary of the studied species is paired and consists of several dozen panoistic ovarioles opening individually to the oviduct. The process of egg capsule formation already begins in previtellogenesis. At this time the follicular cells secrete precursors of the vitelline envelope. Analysis of the presented data suggests that the oocyte itself also takes part in the formation of the vitelline envelope during late vitellogenesis. Simultaneously, the follicular cells produce precursors of further layers of the egg capsule, i.e. two-layered chorion and extrachorion, consisting of two gelatinous layers and a flocculent one. The completely developed capsule contains channels, probably micropylar ones.},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}