@article{2-s2.0-85182149909,

title = {The influence of sample thickness on results of Mössbauer spectroscopy of ordinary chondrites and their classification},

author = { M. Jakubowska and K. Brzózka and M. Woźniak and J. Gałązka-Friedman and K. Szopa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182149909&doi=10.1007%2fs10751-024-01847-8&partnerID=40&md5=896a7376b2d9af9dd52055737b049928},

doi = {10.1007/s10751-024-01847-8},

issn = {30050731},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Interactions},

volume = {245},

number = {1},

publisher = {Springer Nature},

abstract = {Ordinary chondrites are the most frequently found type of meteorites (about 85% of all meteorites found). There are three types of ordinary chondrites: H, L and LL. They contain various amounts of iron (type H - high amount of iron; type L– low amount of iron; type LL– low amount of iron and low amount of metal). Typical Mӧssbauer spectrum of ordinary chondrite is composed of doublets associated with olivines and pyroxenes and sextets associated with troilite and FeNi alloy (such as kamacite and taenite). In 2019 Warsaw group elaborated a new method of classification of ordinary chondrites using the results of Mössbauer spectroscopy. This method, called 4M method, consists in calculating the similarity of the investigated sample to particular types of ordinary chondrites based on percentage of Mӧssbauer spectroscopy areas of four basic mineral phases: olivines, pyroxenes, metallic components, and troilites. The aim of our current study was to verify the hypothesis that the thickness of the investigated sample of ordinary chondrite has no effect on percentages of Mӧssbauer spectral areas associated with four main mineral phases present in ordinary chondrites. The results of our experimental study confirmed this hypothesis. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85195203796,

title = {High-resolution soil sampling reveals the pattern of biological weathering and soil formation under trees},

author = { Ł. Pawlik and A. Gałązka and P. Gruba and A. Marzec-Grządziel and K. Szopa and D. Kupka and B. Buma and P. Šamonil},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85195203796&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2024.173725&partnerID=40&md5=f3b1e0359f9510f04bd829530fa9ea63},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173725},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {941},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Trees contribute to bedrock weathering in a variety of ways. However, evaluating their full impact is complicated by a lack of direct observation of unexposed root systems of individual trees, especially when the scale of the analysis goes down to the level of microbiomes. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of tree root systems to bioweathering and soil production at the macro- and microscale. Soil profiles developed under trees on granite bedrock were investigated in two parts of the Sudety Mountains, SW Poland: the Rudawy Janowickie Mountains, and the Stołowe Mountains. Soil profiles were gradually excavated and soil samples collected from pre-defined positions of the root zone: 1) bulk soil, 2) rhizosphere, 3) cracks, 4) topsoil, and 5) control positions. In total, we analyzed 103 samples for soil chemistry and microbiological activity. In addition, we analyzed 19 samples using XRF (X-ray Fluorescence). Four parent rock samples, in the form of thin-sections, were the subject of mineralogical evaluation. Soil analyses included: total organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, soil pHH2O, soluble iron (Fed), and aluminum (Ald), non-crystalline (amorphous) iron (Feox), and aluminum (Alox). For microbiological analyses, we used a Biolog (EcoPlate) system to determine the functional diversity of soil microorganisms. We evaluated the results on soil chemistry and microbiological activity statistically by principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA). Differences between soil sampling positions were assessed using a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) rank sum test and a post-hoc pairwise Dunn test. Trees developed different root architectures, likely shaped by the depth to bedrock and its pre-existing net of fractures and fissures. Tree roots were able to enter bedrock cracks at one study site (at Pstrążna, Stołowe Mountains). The soil profile was too deep for root system penetration at the second study site (Mt Jańska, Rudawy Janowickie Mountains, RJM). The rhizospheric soil along the roots had significantly different chemical properties compared to non-rhizospheric soil types. At Mt. Jańska, soil differed from the crack soil in terms of Alox (pHolm-adj. < 0.0006) and Feox (pHolm-adj. < 0.004), and from the bulk soil (pHolm-adj. < 0.02) and topsoil (pHolm-adj. < 0.007). In addition, at Pstrążna, the soil differed from the control soil in terms of C (pHolm-adj. < 0.009) and soil pHH2O (pHolm-adj. < 0.0008) and from the topsoil in terms of soil pHH2O. The highest metabolic activity was in cracks at Mt. Jańska and in control samples from Pstrążna. In general, the spatial distribution of soil microbial activity, and the weathering that results from that portion of the soil biome, is spatially heterogeneous and appears to be partially determined by the interaction of root growth and bedrock fracture patterns. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85189797583,

title = {The evolution of Archean crust undisturbed for three billion years: A case study from the Bahalda Pluton, Singhbhum Craton, eastern India},

author = { A. Gumsley and E. Słaby and S. Dey and D. Chew and W. Gmochowska and A. Wudarska and A.P. Gumsley and K. Szopa and T. Krzykawski and B. Marciniak-Maliszewska and F. Drakou},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85189797583&doi=10.1016%2fj.precamres.2024.107385&partnerID=40&md5=687787a56ef1d505f72773d12d7906f0},

doi = {10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107385},

issn = {03019268},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Precambrian Research},

volume = {406},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The Archean Bahalda Pluton (Singhbhum Craton; eastern India) is an I-type mafic granodiorite, surrounded by Paleoarchean TTG and TTG-derived granites of the Singhbhum Suite. The Singhbhum Suite is highly unusual amongst Eo- and Paleo-Archean terranes because most of the Singhbhum Craton escaped post-Archean deformation and metamorphism. The Bahalda granodiorite contains accessory zircon, titanite, and fluorapatite, which are rarely studied together but are a powerful tool for exploring magmatic and post-magmatic processes. U-Pb zircon and titanite dating indicate a ca. 3.35 Ga emplacement age of the Bahalda granodiorite. Subsequent ca. 3.27–3.05 Ga U-Pb fluorapatite ages are interpreted as recording low-grade metamorphic or hydrothermal event(s). The Bahalda fluorapatite and titanite are LREE-enriched compared to the HREE. The complex zonation of fluorapatite suggests that primary igneous fluorapatite was recrystallised with the removal of REE and overgrown by REE-depleted rims. This is in agreement with the apatite trace element systematics which imply fluorapatite cores are of mafic I-type granitoid affinity, with rims of low- and medium-grade metamorphic / metasomatic affinity. No textural evidence of titanite alteration was detected, but some domains have minor REE depletion compared to crystal interiors. The titanite and fluorapatite data display similar trends in LREE vs Sr/Y space due to metamorphic/hydrothermal alteration. The evolution of the Bahalda Pluton, which did not exceed greenschist facies for 3 Gyr, invites comparison with other stabilized cratons from the Mesoarchean. © 2024},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85194105872,

title = {Potentially Harmful Elements (As, Sb, Cd, Pb) in Soil Polluted by Historical Smelting Operation in the Upper Silesian Area (Southern Poland)},

author = { W. Nadłonek and J. Cabała and K. Szopa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85194105872&doi=10.3390%2fmin14050475&partnerID=40&md5=2058f3137e95f3edda8ff6aae832d9c7},

doi = {10.3390/min14050475},

issn = {2075163X},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {14},

number = {5},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {This study aimed at determining the concentration and possibility of migration of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in soils and mining and metallurgical waste in the Silesian-Cracow region. Our research was carried out in selected locations of Ruda Śląska, Świętochłowice, Bytom, and in the Olkusz region (Bukowno) in southern Poland. The concentrations of metals (e.g.; Ag; Ba; Ca; Cd; Cu; Fe; Mg; Mn; Pb; Sr; Zn), metalloids (As; Sb), and sulphur were determined in 33 soil samples (with a depth range of 0.0–0.3 m) and 12 slag samples. These studies show an increased concentration of metals, metalloids, and sulphur, exceeding the level of regional geochemical background. The research results indicate that the degree of the chemical transformation of soils in the analysed regions of Ruda Śląska, Bytom, and Bukowno is advanced. This highlights the high concentrations of most metals, i.e., arsenic, antimony, and sulphur, in the surface layer of soils (topsoil) due to historic Zn-Pb ore mining and Zn and Fe metallurgy. The presence of both primary and secondary metal sulphides, sulphates, carbonates, oxides/hydroxides, silicates, and aluminosilicates was found in the mineral composition of soils and slags. © 2024 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85160796827,

title = {Neoproterozoic ophiolite exotic blocks in the Outer Western Carpathians, southern Poland: a record of the fast ocean-floor cooling and alterations},

author = { A. Gawęda and K. Szopa and A. Waœkowska and J. Golonka and T. Krzykawski and T. Kalinichenko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85160796827&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1679&partnerID=40&md5=0c6a20626ee128e641c73ad8d8765f15},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1679},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {67},

number = {1},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {Ophiolitic blocks, represented by metagabbro and serpentinite containing relict pyroxene, olivine, baddeleyite, zirconolite, Ni-pyrite and pyrrhotite, were found as exotic blocks in an olistostrome in the Magura Nappe, Outer Western Carpathians. The geochemical and isotopic features of the blocks suggest they represent mantle-derived rocks, with within-plate geochemistry signatures, modified by subduction, with lithospheric mantle input. A U-Pb apatite cooling age (614 ±3 Ma) is within age uncertainty of a published U-Pb zircon magmatic crystallization age (~614 Ma) implying rapid post-crystallization cooling. Pervasive alteration with replacement of primary minerals by low-temperature assemblages is observed in all rock fragments and is interpreted as contemporaneous with shearing. The secondary mineral assemblages and temperature modelling allow the interpretation that the pervasive ocean-floor metamorphism is the alteration in these meta-mafic rocks. These ophiolitic fragments can be linked to the Neoproterozoic break up of Rodinia/Pannotia. © 2023, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85168730296,

title = {Weathering and soil production under trees growing on sandstones – The role of tree roots in soil formation},

author = { Ł. Pawlik and P. Gruba and A. Gałązka and A. Marzec-Grządziel and D. Kupka and K. Szopa and B. Buma and P. Šamonil},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85168730296&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2023.166002&partnerID=40&md5=b13337e027a154aaa473309e03197686},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166002},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {902},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Rock weathering drives both landform formation and soil production/evolution. The less studied biological component of weathering and soil production caused by tree root systems is the main focus of the present study. Weathering by trees, which likely has been important in soil formation since the first trees emerged in the middle and late Devonian, is accomplished through both physical and biological means, like acids excreted by plants and exudates from associated bacterial communities. However, these processes are relatively poorly known. We assessed the impact of tree roots and associated microbiota on the potential level of biological weathering. Three research plots were selected in two sandstone regions in Poland. Two plots were in the Stołowe Mountains (Złotno; Batorów), a tableland built of Cretaceous sandstones. The third plot (Żegiestów) was in the Sącz Beskidy Mountains, the Carpathians. Soil samples were taken from tree root zones of Norway spruces from predefined sampling positions. Soils from non-tree control positions were also sampled. Soil samples were a subject of laboratory analyses which included the content of Fe and Al (amorphous and labile forms), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and soil pH. The microbial functional diversity of soil microorganisms was determined using the Biolog (EcoPlate) system. Rock fragments were collected for mineralogical and a subject of optical microscopy and cathodoluminescence analyses in order to examine their mineralogical composition. Significant differences (pHolm-corrected < 0.05) between sample locations were found mostly for the Żegiestów plot: Soils at control positions differed from the crack and bulk soil sample positions in terms of C, N, C/N, and pH. Tree roots were able to develop a great variety of sizes and forms by following the existing net of bedrock discontinuities and hillslope microrelief. They developed along the most accessible surfaces, and caused rockcliff retreat and scree slope formation. These two features can be considered as initial stages of soil production. Trees add to the complexity of the soil system and allow formation of rhizospheric soils, and horizons rich in organic matter which are zones of a high microbial activity. However, as our study shows, rock cracks with roots cannot be considered as zones of microbial weathering. In addition, C content and microbial activity decreases with depth but can stay on a high level along living and dead roots. When entering rock fractures, they change the intensity of biomechanical weathering and soil properties. The highest biological activity of microorganisms was found in the control samples. Overall, tree roots do change the pattern of soil formation and explain the existing pattern of soil chemical properties, microbial activity, and potentially biological weathering intensity, and the intensity of those processes in correlation with root presence varies in space. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85152945943,

title = {An Early Cretaceous thermal event in the Sakar Unit (Strandja Zone, SE Bulgaria/NW Turkey) revealed based on U[sbnd]Pb rutile geochronology and Zr-in-rutile thermometry},

author = { A. Sałacińska and K. Szopa and D. Chew and I. Gerdjikov and P. Jokubauskas and B. Marciniak-Maliszewska and F. Drakou},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152945943&doi=10.1016%2fj.lithos.2023.107186&partnerID=40&md5=91ce57aa3ab5a7318db59d2b01265888},

doi = {10.1016/j.lithos.2023.107186},

issn = {00244937},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Lithos},

volume = {448-449},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The Strandja Zone (SE Bulgaria/ NW Turkey) comprises tectonic units affected by Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous upper greenschist- to amphibolite-facies metamorphism. A contemporaneous tectonothermal event occurred in the Rhodope Metamorphic Complex, which has led to many authors correlating both zones. Three tectonic units can be distinguished in the Bulgarian part of the Strandja Zone: the Sakar, Strandja and Veleka units. This study focuses on albitized rocks of the Sakar Unit that are suspected to be related to this tectonothermal event. Albitized samples were collected from the Late Carboniferous Sakar Batholith, while for comparison country-rock orthogneiss unaffected by albitization was also analyzed. Geochemical and petrological studies indicate that albitization was coupled with the removal of quartz and the growth of rutile-rich aggregates replacing titanite. U[sbnd]Pb rutile dating of an orthogneiss (ca. 154 Ma) confirms Late Jurassic amphibolite-facies conditions, whereas rutile from albitized metagranitoids yields Early Cretaceous ages (ca. 125–116 Ma). Zr-in-rutile thermometry reveals similar crystallization temperatures (∼530-620 °C) for the albitized Sakar granitoids and country rock orthogneiss. U[sbnd]Pb zircon and titanite dating implies a Late Carboniferous crystallization age for various granitoids forming the Sakar Batholith. Our results indicate that at least some parts of the Sakar Unit were affected by thermal events and associated albitization in the Early Cretaceous. However, this did not lead to the formation of a new penetrative fabric, unlike in the Rhodopes, where contemporaneous regional metamorphism is associated with penetrative deformation. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85144182889,

title = {Early medieval human–environment interaction in the context of changes in the hydrological regime in the Upper Vistula valley (Central Europe)},

author = { S. Skreczko and A. Szymczyk and K. Szopa and W. Nadłonek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144182889&doi=10.1002%2fgea.21949&partnerID=40&md5=a77ce01aa585292159b470fba3c88906},

doi = {10.1002/gea.21949},

issn = {08836353},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Geoarchaeology},

volume = {38},

number = {2},

pages = {199-219},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {Human–environment interactions relating to changes in the hydrological system of the Upper Vistula valley are poorly understood. This valley lies in the foreland of the Transcarpathian transition, an area in Central Europe, which is crucial for the migration of people. Using palaeobotanical and geochemical analyses, archaeological data, and data on the river's fluvial activity, we retrace the sequence of environmental changes occurring in the vicinity of the bog in Strumień during the transition between the Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages. The stability of changes in the river valley under the influence of human activity is also assessed. It is shown that:. 1. There was variation in human pressure on the environment in the Iron Age and the Middle Ages. Following a decline during the Migration Period, it increased again in the Early Middle Ages. 2. The use of floodplains, including for pastoralism and cereal growing, was dependent on the changing hydrological conditions. 3. During the Migration Period and in the Early Middle Ages, changes in the climate and related hydrological conditions were key factors influencing changes in hygrophilous riparian ecosystems. Human-induced changes in these ecosystems were reversible. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85134486910,

title = {Collision with Gondwana or with Baltica? Ordovician magmatic arc volcanism in the Marmarosh Massif (Eastern Carpathians, Ukraine)},

author = { A. Gawęda and K. Szopa and J. Golonka and D. Chew and L. M. Stepanyuk and V. Belskyy and A. Waśkowska and L. Siliauskas and F. Drakou},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134486910&doi=10.1007%2fs00531-022-02228-8&partnerID=40&md5=cdc81563d97c3438da2d7586b695e26e},

doi = {10.1007/s00531-022-02228-8},

issn = {14373254},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Earth Sciences},

volume = {111},

number = {7},

pages = {2181-2198},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {The pre-Alpine Marmarosh Massif is a tectonically complex unit of the crystalline basement within the Eastern Outer Carpathians. In the eastern (Ukrainian) segment of this massif, two units have been identified—the Bilyi Potok Nappe and the Dilove Nappe. Petrological investigations coupled with zircon U–Pb dating were performed on metavolcanic rocks (porphyroids) and their phyllite host rocks, sampled from three locations within the Dilove Nappe. The geochemical characteristics of the meta-rhyodacite porphyroids revealed a volcanic arc affinity of the protolith, with U–Pb zircon ages of 452.8 ± 1.5 Ma and 461.5 ± 1.6 Ma and zircon saturation temperatures in the range of 823–892 °C. The phyllite host rocks (meta-tuff) yield a U–Pb zircon maximum estimate for the eruption age at 584.7 ± 2.9 Ma. Peak amphibolite-facies metamorphism (M1) was estimated at the pressure of 600–900 MPa with a temperature range of 560–600 °C. Retrogression (M2), possibly related to Alpine nappe stacking and shearing, is assumed to have taken place at 200–250 MPa and 384–222 °C. The volcanic arc is interpreted as an early Caledonian arc that was subsequently accreted to the margin of Baltica during the closure of the easternmost Tornquist Ocean rather than Cenerian (early Paleozoic) orogenic events on the margin of East Gondwana. © 2022, The Author(s).},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85130200700,

title = {Variscan magmatic evolution of the Strandja Zone (Southeast Bulgaria and northwest Turkey) and its relationship to other north Gondwanan margin terranes},

author = { A. Sałacińska and I. Gerdjikov and A. Kounov and D. Chew and K. Szopa and A.P. Gumsley and I. Kocjan and B. Marciniak-Maliszewska and F. Drakou},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130200700&doi=10.1016%2fj.gr.2022.04.013&partnerID=40&md5=962e8d9b524bf404aeea23955b64735f},

doi = {10.1016/j.gr.2022.04.013},

issn = {1342937X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Gondwana Research},

volume = {109},

pages = {253-273},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The Strandja Zone, straddling the border between Bulgaria and Turkey, is often assigned to either the Balkanide or the Pontide thrust belts of the Alpine orogen in the Black Sea region. Previous studies have considered this zone, which originated on the North Gondwanan margin, as part of a Late Carboniferous to Triassic magmatic arc associated with the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean beneath Eurasia. Magmatism has been regarded as representing one continuous or two separate stages occurring under different tectonic settings. We present new LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages together with field, petrographic and geochemical studies of variably deformed granites from the Sakar Batholith and Levka Pluton of the Sakar Unit in the Strandja Zone. The new U-Pb ages from Sakar Batholith (ca. 306 Ma) and Levka Pluton (ca. 319 Ma) demand a re-evaluation of previously published U-Pb crystallisation ages from these magmatic bodies. The U-Pb age reported for the Levka Pluton also provides an upper age limit for the timing of Variscan metamorphism. The Late Carboniferous to Early Permian magmatic evolution of the Strandja Zone displays a strong resemblance to that of the Sredna Gora Zone. Both units, probably together with Serbo-Macedonian Metamorphic Complex and Sakarya Zone, were part of the metamorphic core of the Variscan Orogen. © 2022 The Authors},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85128199423,

title = {Chemical Diversity of Teeth and Bone Fragments from a Newly Discovered Upper Muschelkalk Bone Bed from Silesia, Poland},

author = { T. Krzykawski and K. Szopa and R. Niedźwiedzki and K. Setkiewicz and M.B. Czaja},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128199423&doi=10.3390%2fmin12040469&partnerID=40&md5=60b069250842a02a24637a720f288274},

doi = {10.3390/min12040469},

issn = {2075163X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {12},

number = {4},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The new exposure of the Upper Muschelkalk clays and dolomites located south of Kalety (Tarnogórski District; Silesia; Poland) provided numerous remains of vertebrates represented by teeth, scales, long bones, and coprolites. Despite the influence of hydrothermal processes leading to dolomitization and Zn-Pb deposit formation, the preservation of fossil remains is good. The taxonomic diversity and accumulation of vertebrate debris in the dolomite are similar to other “bone beds” from the Muschelkalk and the Lower Keuper units. The SEM-EDS, EMP-WDS, and XRD analyses confirm that the examined remains consist of hydroxylapatite containing carbonate ions. Most vertebrate teeth as well as some bone fragments show zoning in the BSE imaging. In tooth cross-sections, three or two zones are preserved: (I) the outermost zone, associated with diagenetic mineralization of enameloid apatite, (II) a intermediate zone (orthodentine), and (III) the most porous internal zone (osteodentine). Decreasing P, Ca, Sr in the composition of the apatite which forms successive zones, is visible from the most external to the central part. Selective diagenetic substitution and adsorption of some elements by apatite crystals can allow recognition of the genetic origin of highly damaged or transported fragments scattered in the sedimentary layers. The chemical behavior of bioapatite, from deposition to digenesis, shows its useful role for identification of the formation process and potential, younger changes (e.g.; hydrothermal overprint). The X-ray diffraction data, particularly cell parameters “a” and “c”, can determine the degree of crystallinity and/or diagenesis. Moreover, correlation between some elements/ions (e.g.; Sr; Ba; Ca; Mg; F; OH) can be helpful for the identification of the fossil type, especially if the bones are small and incomplete. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85139913672,

title = {The Silesian Ridge in the light of petrological and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analyses of cohesive debrites from the Istebna Formation (Silesian Nappe, Outer Western Carpathians, Poland)},

author = { M. Szczuka and A. Gawęda and A. Waśkowska and J. Golonka and K. Szopa and D. Chew and F. Drakou},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139913672&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1652&partnerID=40&md5=cff9f4da834c0c7dfd7c0bf0c48e84fc},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1652},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {66},

number = {2},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {Exotic clasts present in flysch deposi ts of the Western Outer Carpathians enable inves tigat ion and reconstruction of the eroded crystali i ne basement of the Silesian Ridge. The flysch rocks of the Istebna Formati on (Jasnowice Member: Paleocene) in the Silesian Nappe contain magmatic and metamorphic clasts derived from the Silesian Ridge basement. The crystali ine rock fragments acquired from cohesive debrites were ana I yzed petrographically and geochemically, and zircon and rutile crystals were subject to LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating. Granitoid clasts yielded Meso-Variscan U-Pb zircon ages (325.7 and 330.6 Ma), with older (Neoproterozoic to Paleoproterozoic) inheri ted cores and eNd330 = -12.0 (TDM age of 1.98 Ga). The orthogneiss clast yielded a protolith age of 1635 Ma and fingerprint of thermal reworking at ~288 Ma. Zircon crystals from the detrital clasts yielded similar U-Pb zircon ages to the granitoid clasts (311.5 to 391 and 331 Ma). The rutile crystals from sandstone yielded concordia age of 344.7 Ma. Zircon crystals from paragneiss, interpreted as a granitoid envelope, yielded 238U/206Pb ages between 557 and 686 Ma and include an inherited core of age ~1207.4 ±33.8 Ma. Age data from exotic clasts and the detrital zircon and rutile fraction suggest the core part of the Silesian Ridge was a Neoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic envelope intruded by Meso-Variscan granitoid plutons. © 2022, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85111029040,

title = {Two stages of Late Carboniferous to Triassic magmatism in the Strandja Zone of Bulgaria and Turkey},

author = { A. Sałacińska and I. Gerdjikov and A.P. Gumsley and K. Szopa and D. Chew and A. Gawęda and I. Kocjan},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111029040&doi=10.1017%2fS0016756821000650&partnerID=40&md5=471c5bcc488234b3535f3dbe80c8a3f6},

doi = {10.1017/S0016756821000650},

issn = {00167568},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Geological Magazine},

volume = {158},

number = {12},

pages = {2151-2164},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {Although Variscan terranes have been documented from the Balkans to the Caucasus, the southeastern portion of the Variscan Belt is not well understood. The Strandja Zone along the border between Bulgaria and Turkey encompasses one such terrane linking the Balkanides and the Pontides. However, the evolution of this terrane, and the Late Carboniferous to Triassic granitoids within it, is poorly resolved. Here we present laser ablation - inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb zircon ages, coupled with petrography and geochemistry from the Izvorovo Pluton within the Sakar Unit (Strandja Zone). This pluton is composed of variably metamorphosed and deformed granites which yield crystallization ages of c. 251-256 Ma. These ages are older than the previously assumed age of the Izvorovo Pluton based on a postulated genetic relationship between the Izvorovo Pluton and Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous metamorphism. A better understanding of units across the Strandja Zone can now be achieved, revealing two age groups of plutons within it. An extensive magmatic episode occurred c. 312-295 Ma, and a longer-lived episode between c. 275 and 230 Ma. Intrusions associated with both magmatic events were emplaced into pre-Late Carboniferous basement, and were overprinted by Early Alpine metamorphism and deformation. These two stages of magmatism can likely be attributed to changes in tectonic setting in the Strandja Zone. Such a change in tectonic setting is likely related to the collision between Gondwana-derived terranes and Laurussia, followed by either subduction of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean beneath Laurussia or rifting in the southern margin of Laurussia, with granitoids forming in different tectonic environments. ©},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85106661618,

title = {Tracing pre-mesozoic tectonic sutures in the crystalline basement of the protocarpathians: Evidence from the exotic blocks from Subsilesian Nappe, Outer Western Carpathians, Poland},

author = { J. Golonka and A. Gawęda and A. Waśkowska and D. Chew and K. Szopa and F. Drakou},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106661618&doi=10.3390%2fmin11060571&partnerID=40&md5=b7178488129ad548f8041db18f9bc648},

doi = {10.3390/min11060571},

issn = {2075163X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {11},

number = {6},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Pre-Mesozoic exotic crystalline blocks within the Outer Carpathian flysch have potential to unravel the nature of their eroded basement source(s) and to reconstruct the Paleozoic– Precambrian history of the Protocarpathians. Strongly tectonized Campanian–Maastrichtian grey marls in the Subsilesian Nappe of the Outer Western Carpathians in Poland contain a variety of different lithology types, including granitoids and andesites. Petrological investigations coupled with zircon and apatite U-Pb dating were performed on crystalline (subvolcanic) exotic blocks from a locality in the Subsilesian Nappe. U-Pb zircon dating yields magmatic crystallization ages of c. 293 Ma for the microgranitoid and c. 310 Ma for the andesite block, with inherited zircon cores yielding Archean, Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic and Cadomian ages. Whole rock trace element and Nd isotope data imply that the melt source was composed of a significant Neoproterozoic crustal component in both the microgranite and andesite. The Late Carboniferous–Permian magmatic activity likely continues outside the Carpathian Belt and can be linked to a Late Paleozoic transtensional zone, which is a continuation of the Lubliniec–Kraków Zone that extends under the Carpathians to Moesia. This Late Paleozoic transtensional zone was probably reactivated during the Late Cretaceous under a transpressional regime within the Żegocina tectonic zone, which caused the uplift of the Subsilesian Ridge and intensive erosion. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85101768833,

title = {Central european variscan basement in the outer carpathians: A case study from the magura nappe, outer western carpathians, poland},

author = { A. Gawęda and K. Szopa and J. Golonka and D. Chew and A. Waśkowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101768833&doi=10.3390%2fmin11030256&partnerID=40&md5=49f95489145692ad0df518eb1c24bc31},

doi = {10.3390/min11030256},

issn = {2075163X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {11},

number = {3},

pages = {1-18},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Exotic crystalline blocks within the Outer Carpathian flysch have the potential to establish the nature of their eroded basement source(s) and thus to reconstruct the paleogeography of the Outer Carpathians. Petrological investigations (including mineral analyses) coupled with zircon and apatite U-Pb dating were performed on an exotic crystalline block within Eocene siliciclastic rocks in the Rača Zone of the Magura Nappe in the Outer Western Carpathians, Poland. This exotic block is a large (c. 1 m diameter) pink porphyritic granitoid block found in the Osielczyk Stream, southeast of Osielec village in the Makowski Beskid mountains. The timing of magmatic crystallization is constrained by a U-Pb zircon age of 315.9 ± 2.6 Ma (MSWD = 0.69), while inherited zircon cores yield Archean (c. 2780 Ma), Cadomian (541.8 ± 6.7 Ma; MSWD = 0.53), Devonian (417 ± 11 Ma; MSWD = 0.57) and Early Variscan (c. 374 Ma) ages. Apatites from the same sample yield a Tera Wasserburg lower intercept U-Pb age of 311.3 ± 7.5 (MSWD = 0.87). The granitoid exhibits geochemical characteristics typical of I-type granites and εNd(316 Ma) = 2.15 (with a TDM model age of 1.18 Ga) and87Sr/86Sr(316 Ma) = 0.704710. These data suggest a likely source region in the Saxo-Danubian Granite Belt, which possibly formed the basement of the Fore-Magura Ridge. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85104607475,

title = {Empa, xrd, and raman characterization of ag-bearing djurleite from the lubin mine, lower silesia, Poland},

author = { K. Szopa and T. Krzykawski and K. Banasik and P. Król and S. Skreczko and S.A. Mounteanou and M. Koziarska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104607475&doi=10.3390%2fmin11050454&partnerID=40&md5=0a3379ebee57c4de44e87f8293747dab},

doi = {10.3390/min11050454},

issn = {2075163X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {11},

number = {5},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {The chalcocite group minerals are widely distributed among different hydrothermally affected rocks, the oxidized zone of copper sulfide deposits, or may be even crystalline from supersat-urated volcanic gases. Some of the chalcocite group minerals form the main Cu orebodies. Djurleite (Cu31S16) is a rare member of the chalcocite group, with a very complex structure. The physical and chemical similarities between all members of the group make them almost unidentifiable by macroscopic and microscopic methods. In this study, Ag-bearing djurleite from the Kupferschiefer deposits, Lower Silesia, Poland, is characterized by EMPA (Electron Microprobe Analyses), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), and Raman spectroscopy. Djurleite from the investigated site has the following general, average chemical formula: Cu30.86Ag0.1Fe0.04S16. The Ag content is up to 0.55 wt.%, while Fe is up to 0.19 wt.%. The presence of djurleite confirms a low-temperature (~90◦C), hydrothermal origin of the Cu-Ag deposit in Kupferschiefer, which is consistent with previously studies. Moreover, the authors believe that Ag-rich djurleite may often be mistaken for Ag-rich chalcocite, which used to be one of the main Ag-bearing minerals in the orebody from the Cu-Ag deposit in the Fore-Sudetic Monocline. However, the confirmation of such a statement requires more samples, which should be studied in detail. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85082117169,

title = {Two‐stage late jurassic to early cretaceous hydrothermal activity in the sakar unit of southeastern bulgaria},

author = { K. Szopa and A. Sałacińska and A.P. Gumsley and D. Chew and P. Petrov and A. Gawęda and A. Zagórska and E. Deput and N. Gospodinov and K. Banasik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082117169&doi=10.3390%2fmin10030266&partnerID=40&md5=c1031e19ad2e90069967da74468af388},

doi = {10.3390/min10030266},

issn = {2075163X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {10},

number = {3},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Southeastern Bulgaria is composed of a variety of rocks from pre‐Variscan (ca. 0.3 Ga) to pre‐Alpine sensu lato (ca. 0.15 Ga) time. The Sakar Unit in this region comprises a series of granitoids and gneisses formed or metamorphosed during these events. It is cut by a series of post‐Variscan hydrothermal veins, yet lacks pervasive Alpine deformation. It thus represents a key unit for detecting potential tectonism associated with the enigmatic Cimmerian Orogenic episode, but limited geochronology has been undertaken on this unit. Here we report age constraints on hydrothermal activity in the Sakar Pluton. The investigated veins contain mainly albite–actinolite– chlorite–apatite–titanite–quartz–tourmaline–epidote and accessory minerals. The most common accessory minerals are rutile and molybdenite. Apatite and titanite from the same vein were dated by U–Pb LA–ICP‐MS geochronology. These dates are interpreted as crystallization ages and are 149 ± 7 Ma on apatite and 114 ± 1 Ma on titanite, respectively. These crystallization ages are the first to document two stages of hydrothermal activity during the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, using U– Pb geochronology, and its association with the Cimmerian orogenesis. The Cimmerian tectonothermal episode is well‐documented further to the east in the Eastern Strandja Massif granitoids. However, these are the first documented ages from the western parts of the Strandja Massif, in the Sakar Unit. These ages also temporally overlap with previously published Ar–Ar and K–Ar cooling ages, and firmly establish that the Cimmerian orogeny in the studied area included both tectonic and hydrothermal activity. Such hydrothermal activity likely accounted for the intense albitization found in the Sakar Unit. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85092224511,

title = {Ancylite-(CE) from quartz-calcite-chlorite veins in phyllite of the opava mountains (SW Poland)},

author = { J. Janeczek and K. Szopa and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092224511&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1550&partnerID=40&md5=ae73592f5c8dc1793d445466181a6157},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1550},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {64},

number = {3},

pages = {801-806},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {Ancylite-(Ce) occurs in quartz-calcite-chlorite veins cross cutting the foliation of phyllite in the Dewon Quarry in the foot hills of the Opava Mountains of the eastern Sudetes, south-west Poland. Irregularly shaped grains of ancylite are up to 67 mm long and 22 mm wide. The compositional range of ancylite, determined by electron microprobe, is expressed by the empirical formula: (Sr0.65–0.55Ca0.19–0.14Fe0.03–0.00)∑0.87–0.69 (Ce0.58–0.50Nd0.26–0.22La0.26–0.21Pr0.06–0.05Sm0.05–0.04Gd0.07–0.03Dy0.01–0.00)S1.29–1.05(CO3)2 (OH1.07–0.99F0.22-0.0.06)∑1.29–1.05 0.95–0.93H2O. Ancylite crystallized directly from CO2-rich hydrothermal solutions as the last mineral in the veins following precipitation of calcite. The solution temperature, estimated using various chlorite geothermometres, was in the range of 260–340°C. © 2020, Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85077656516,

title = {Multi-tool (LA-ICPMS, EMPA and XRD) investigation on heavy minerals from selected holocene peat-bog deposits from the upper vistula River Valley, Poland},

author = { K. Szopa and S. Skreczko and D. Chew and T. Krzykawski and A. Szymczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077656516&doi=10.3390%2fmin10010009&partnerID=40&md5=91b6a146fe89ed23982da4b9c0650c91},

doi = {10.3390/min10010009},

issn = {2075163X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Peat sediments represent important environmental and climatic archives, as well as recording information on the processes affecting the formation of these deposits; combined these data can be used for paleoreconstruction of peat-bogs. In this paper we characterize heavy mineralrich sandy layers from two peat-bog sites in Mizerów and Strumień (Poland). In both cases, the most common identified mineral suite is: epidote, staurolite, tourmaline (dravite and schörl), garnet, spinel, Al2SiO5 polymorphs (sillimanite; kyanite; andalusite), amphibole (mainly hornblende), pyroxene (e.g.; richterite; diopside), perovskite, topaz, cordierite, apatite, monazite, chromite, ilmenite, chlorite, iron oxides, rutile and siderite. This mineral suite is characteristic of a metamorphic aureole surrounding a magmatic body. Pyrite is likely authigenic in origin. Apatite and monazite were employed for U-Pb and CHIME dating, respectively. Based on the U-Pb age information composition and textural features of selected minerals, different provenance areas were indicated: the Tatra Massif, the Bohemian Massif, and the Silesian Basin area. Transport of the investigated mineral phases was linked to development of both the Odra (praOdra) and the Vistula valleys. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85052391941,

title = {Geochemistry and apatite U–Pb geochronology of alkaline gabbros from the Nodoushan plutonic complex, Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, Central Iran: Evidence for Early Palaeozoic rifting of northern Gondwana},

author = { B. Shahsavari Alavijeh and N. Rashidnejad-Omran and F. Toksoy-Köksal and D. Chew and K. Szopa and J. Ghalamghash and A. Gawęda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052391941&doi=10.1002%2fgj.3270&partnerID=40&md5=53a149a5da2a3e526df4bce4ace85caf},

doi = {10.1002/gj.3270},

issn = {00721050},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Geological Journal},

volume = {54},

number = {4},

pages = {1902-1926},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {The Zagros Orogen formed during the Cenozoic collision of Arabia with Eurasia and resulted in the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Collision was preceded by a complicated tectonic history involving Pan-African orogenesis, Late Palaeozoic rifting and the formation of Neo-Tethys, and subsequent Mesozoic convergence on the northern margin of the ocean contemporaneous with ophiolite obduction on its southern margin. The Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (SaSZ) is a metamorphic belt within the Zagros Orogen of Gondwanan provenance. U–Pb zircon geochronology has revealed the presence of Pan-African igneous and metamorphic basement complexes, in addition to minor late Palaeozoic plutons and abundant Jurassic plutonic rocks. This study presents a LA-ICP-MS U–Pb apatite age of 440.7 ± 3.7 Ma from a gabbroic body on the central north-eastern margin of the SaSZ (Nodoushan region). Based on petrography and geochemistry, en route fractional crystallization of ascending magma was an important process in the evolution of the intrusive rocks. Geochemical characteristics imply that the south-west Nodoushan alkaline gabbroic magma was originated from the asthenospheric mantle source, whereas the high ratios of (La/Yb)N and (Dy/Yb)N are related to the low degree of partial melting from the garnet-bearing mantle source. Enrichment pattern of Nb, Ta, and Ti and depletion of Rb, Th, and Y are similar to the OIB pattern and intraplate alkaline magmatic rocks. High εNd(t) values (+1.29 to +1.50), low initial Sr isotopic ratios (0.703679–0.704098), and trace element ratios (e.g.; Nb/La; Ce/Pb; Ba/Nb; and Th/Nb) indicate that crustal contamination was insignificant in its petrogenesis. The petrogenesis of the Nodoushan alkaline gabbroic rocks could be related to the presence of extensional phase, upwelling and decompressional melting of asthenospheric mantle in the rift basin which was associated with the opening of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in Late Ordovician to Silurian times. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85067198586,

title = {Neoproterozoic crystalline exotic clasts in the Polish Outer Carpathian flysch: remnants of the Proto-Carpathian continent?},

author = { A. Gawęda and J. Golonka and A. Waśkowska and K. Szopa and D. Chew and K. Starzec and A. Wieczorek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067198586&doi=10.1007%2fs00531-019-01713-x&partnerID=40&md5=84973acf0d2fcb3608e2bc8ae6214a4b},

doi = {10.1007/s00531-019-01713-x},

issn = {14373254},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Earth Sciences},

volume = {108},

number = {4},

pages = {1409-1427},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {Crystalline exotic boulders within the sedimentary sequences of the Outer Carpathians likely represent Proto-Carpathian basement, which was exposed and eroded during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of the Western Carpathian basin. The majority of the boulders were derived from the Silesian Ridge, which separated the Magura Basin and the Silesian Domains, and which became a source region during Late Cretaceous–Early Paleocene tectonism. Felsic crystalline clasts within the Silesian Nappe yield U–Pb zircon magmatic protolith ages of 603.7 ± 3.8 Ma and 617.5 ± 5.2 Ma while felsic crystalline clasts within the Subsilesian Nappe yield an age of 565.9 ± 3.1 Ma and thus represent different magmatic cycles. The U–Pb zircon data also imply that the Silesian Ridge was a fragment of the eastern part of the Brunovistulia microcontinent. The presence of inherited zircon cores, dated at 1.3 and 1.7 Ga, suggests a Baltican source for the clasts, as opposed to Gondwana. We infer that Late Neoproterozoic felsic magmatism within the Proto-Carpathian continent represents a long-living magmatic arc, which formed during prolonged Timmanian/Baikalian rather than Pan-African/Cadomian orogenesis. Mafic exotic blocks, found within the Magura Nappe, yield U–Pb zircon ages of 613.3 ± 2.6 Ma and 614.6 ± 2.5 Ma and likely represent a fragment of an obducted ophiolitic sequence. The protolith of these mafic boulders could represent Paleoasian Ocean floor located to the east of Cadomia, obducted during later orogenic processes and incorporated into the accretionary prism. All analysed exotic clasts show no evidence for younger (Variscan) reworking, which is characteristic of both western Brunovistulia and the Central Western Carpathians and the Cadomian elements of Western Europe. The Silesian and Subsilesian basins thus had a likely source area in the eastern part of Brunovistulia, while the source of the Magura Basin was the Fore-Magura Ridge, whose basement potentially represents an accretionary prism on the margin of the East European Craton. © 2019, The Author(s).},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85077840927,

title = {Continuous magma mixing and cumulate separation in the High Tatra Mountains open system granitoid intrusion, Western Carpathians (Poland/Slovakia): A textural and geochemical study},

author = { A. Gawęda and K. Szopa and R. Włodyka and J. Burda and Q. Crowley and M. Sikorska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077840927&doi=10.24425%2fagp.2019.126447&partnerID=40&md5=698c07c81d3e61a8c8e2eb1056cd7fbc},

doi = {10.24425/agp.2019.126447},

issn = {00015709},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Acta Geologica Polonica},

volume = {69},

number = {4},

pages = {549-570},

publisher = {Polish Academy of Sciences},

abstract = {In this study the formation of the polygenetic High Tatra granitoid magma is discussed. Felsic and mafic magma mixing and mingling processes occurred in all magma batches composing the pluton and are documented by the typical textural assemblages, which include: mafic microgranular enclaves (MME), mafic clots, felsic clots, quartz-plagioclase-titanite ocelli, biotite-quartz ocelli, poikilitic plagioclase crystals, chemically zoned K-feldspar phenocrysts with inclusion zones and calcic spikes in zoned plagioclase. Geochemical modelling indicates the predominance of the felsic component in subsequent magma batches, however, the mantle origin of the admixed magma input is suggested on the basis of geochemical and Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd and Pb isotopic data. Magma mixing is considered to be a first-order magmatic process, causing the magma diversification. The cumulate formation and the squeezing of remnant melt by filter pressing points to fractional crystallization acting as a second-order magmatic process. © 2019 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85073025054,

title = {Polish moldavites - The current state of knowledge and perspectives of new finds [Polskie mołdawity - obecny stan wiedzy i perspektywy nowych znalezisk]},

author = { K. Szopa and T. Brachaniec and Ł. Karwowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073025054&doi=10.7306%2f2019.39&partnerID=40&md5=b9530e826a29c9d6903eece16d478cdd},

doi = {10.7306/2019.39},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {67},

number = {8},

pages = {662-667},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {The first Polish moldavites were discovered in 2012. This paper is a summary of the distribution and inventory of these Polish tektites. Up to the present, 28 moldavites have been described from seven different sandpits. These moldavites were deposited in the upper Miocene fluvial deposits of the Gozdnica Formation, as well as in the Pleistocene river terraces. Apart from a typical bottle green colour, moldavites also have other diagnostics features for this class of tektites, such as the presence of bubbles, inclusions of lechatelierite, as well as the same, homogeneous chemical composition. Fluvial redeposition was interpreted as the main process which determined moldavite distribution. Despite the most recent find of one moldavite specimen in Bielawy, all of these specimens indicate both Lusatian as well as sub-strewn Czech fields as their supply area. © 2019 Polish Geological Institute. All rights reserved.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85043779838,

title = {Variscan post-collisional cooling and uplift of the Tatra Mountains crystalline block constrained by integrated zircon, apatite and titanite LA-(MC)-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and rare earth element analyses},

author = { A. Gawęda and K. Szopa and D. Chew and G.J. O'Sullivan and J. Burda and U. Klötzli and J. Golonka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85043779838&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemgeo.2018.03.012&partnerID=40&md5=9dac9b7086008c706e17d681280bebc6},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.03.012},

issn = {00092541},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {484},

pages = {191-209},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of apatite, titanite and zircon from the metamorphic cover of the Western Tatra granite was undertaken to constrain the timing of metamorphic events related to the final stages of Variscan orogenesis and subsequent post-orogenic exhumation. Zircon was found only in one sample from the northern metamorphic envelope. U-Pb ages from the outermost rims of zircons define a concordia age of 346 ± 6 Ma, while the inner rims yield a concordia age of 385 ± 8 Ma. Apatite from three samples from the northern metamorphic envelope yield U-Pb ages of 351.8 ± 4.4 Ma, 346.7 ± 5.9 Ma and 342.6 ± 7.1 Ma. Titanite from an amphibolite from the southern metamorphic envelope yields a U-Pb age of 345.3 ± 4.5 Ma. The age of c. 345 Ma is interpreted to represent the climax of metamorphism and the onset of simultaneous exhumation of the entire Tatra Mountains massif, and is recorded mainly in the northern part of the metamorphic cover. In the southern metamorphic envelope, distinct populations of apatite can be recognized within individual samples based on their rare earth element (REE) and actinide contents. One population of apatite (Ap1) yields a relatively imprecise U-Pb age of 340 ± 31 Ma. This population comprises apatite grains with very similar trace element compositions to apatite in the northern amphibolite samples, which suggests they crystallized under similar metamorphic conditions to their northern counterparts. A second apatite population (Ap2) yields an age of c. 328 ± 22 Ma, which is interpreted as neocrystalline apatite that formed during a late-Variscan (hydrothermal?) process involving (P; F; Ca; REE)-rich fluid migration. The youngest generation of apatite (Ap3) yields a U-Pb age of 260 ± 8 Ma and may have resulted from thermal resetting associated with the regional emplacement of Permian A-type granites. The proposed tectonic model assumes that rapid uplift (and cooling) of the Tatra block initiated at ca. 345 Ma, contemporaneous with anatexis. Subsequent fluid migration, possibly facilitated by extension related to the opening of Paleo-Tethys, affected only the southern part of the Tatra block. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85033577992,

title = {Peak to post-peak thermal history of the Saglek Block of Labrador: A multiphase and multi-instrumental approach to geochronology},

author = { M.A. Kusiak and D.J. Dunkley and M.J. Whitehouse and S.A. Wilde and A. Sałacińska and P. Konečný and K. Szopa and A. Gawęda and D. Chew},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85033577992&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemgeo.2017.10.033&partnerID=40&md5=fb522d70fd6549c417a21c953ecd764b},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.10.033},

issn = {00092541},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {484},

pages = {210-223},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The Saglek Block of coastal Labrador forms the western margin of the North Atlantic Craton, where Archean gneisses and granulites have been reworked during the Paleoproterozoic. Previous work has established that the block is a composite of Eoarchean to Mesoarchean protoliths metamorphosed to upper amphibolite and granulite facies at around 2.8–2.7 Ga. New in-situ microbeam dating of accessory minerals in granoblastic gneisses reveals a complex peak to post-peak thermal history. Zircon growth at ca. 3.7–3.6 Ga provides the age of formation of the tonalitic protoliths to the gneisses. Further zircon growth in syn-tectonic granitic gneiss and monazite growth in a variety of orthogneisses confirm peak metamorphic conditions at ca. 2.7 Ga, but also reveal high-temperature conditions at ca. 2.6 Ga and 2.5 Ga. The former is interpreted as the waning stages of the 2.7 Ga granulite event, whereas the latter is associated with a younger phase of granitic magmatism. In addition, apatite ages of ca. 2.2 Ga may represent either cooling associated with the 2.5 Ga event or a previously unrecognized greenschist-facies metamorphism event that predates the Torngat Orogeny. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85040718683,

title = {Pegmatyty Norwegii - 8. Miȩdzynarodowe Sympozjum (PEG2017) na temat pegmatytów granitowych Kristiansand, Norwegia, 13-15.06.2017},

author = { J. Janeczek and E. Szełęg and K. Szopa and A. Szuszkiewicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040718683&partnerID=40&md5=75bc0e4d46a334c4e232d79b86d96e65},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {65},

number = {11},

pages = {1443-1445},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85020240132,

title = {The evolution of Eastern Tornquist-Paleoasian Ocean and subsequent continental collisions: A case study from the Western Tatra Mountains, Central Western Carpathians (Poland)},

author = { A. Gawęda and J. Burda and J. Golonka and U. Klötzli and D. Chew and K. Szopa and M. Wiedenbeck},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020240132&doi=10.1016%2fj.gr.2017.04.021&partnerID=40&md5=b869e7d91fe488fbdee5e4171fc07843},

doi = {10.1016/j.gr.2017.04.021},

issn = {1342937X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Gondwana Research},

volume = {48},

pages = {134-152},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The crystalline basement of the Tatra Mountains in the Central Western Carpathians, forms part of the European Variscides and contains fragments of Gondwanan provenance. Metabasite rocks of MORB affinity in the Tatra Mountains are represented by two suites of amphibolites present in two metamorphic units (the Ornak and Goryczkowa Units) intercalated with metapelitic rocks. They are interpreted as relics of ocean crust, with zircon δ18OVSMOW values of 4.97–6.96‰. Zircon REE patterns suggest oxidizing to strongly oxidizing conditions in the parent mantle-derived basaltic magma. LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of magmatic zircon cores yields a crystallization age of c. 560 Ma, with inherited components at c. 600 Ma, corresponding to the Pannotia break-up event and to the formation of the Eastern Tornquist–Paleoasian Ocean. However, the zircon rims of both suites yield evidence for two different geological histories. Zircon rims from the Ornak amphibolites record two overgrowth phases. The older rims, dated at 387 ± 8 Ma are interpreted as the result of an early stage of Variscan uplift while the younger rims dated at 342 ± 9 Ma are attributed to late Variscan collisional processes. They are characterized by high δ18OVSMOW values of 7.34–9.54‰ and are associated with migmatization related to the closure of the Rheic Ocean. Zircon rims from the Goryczkowa amphibolites yield evidence of metamorphism at 512 ± 5 Ma, subsequent Caledonian metamorphism at 447 ± 14 Ma, followed by two stages of Variscan metamorphism at 372 ± 12 Ma and 339 ± 7 Ma, the latter marking the final closure of the Rheic Ocean during late-Variscan collision. The presented data are the first direct dating of ocean crust formation in the eastern prolongation of the Tornquist Ocean, which formed a probable link to the Paleoasian Ocean. © 2017 International Association for Gondwana Research},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85011422687,

title = {Remnants of altered meteorite in the Cretaceous-Paleogene clay boundary in Poland},

author = { K. Szopa and T. Brachaniec and Ł. Karwowski and T. Krzykawski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85011422687&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.12815&partnerID=40&md5=e210250d845dfbf9dd84b4890e595274},

doi = {10.1111/maps.12815},

issn = {10869379},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Meteoritics and Planetary Science},

volume = {52},

number = {4},

pages = {612-622},

publisher = {University of Arkansas},

abstract = {Fossil iron meteorites are extremely rare in the geological sedimentary record. The paleometeorite described here is the first such finding at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. In the boundary clay from the outcrop at the Lechówka quarry (Poland), fragments of the paleometeorite were found in the bottom part of the host layer. The fragments of meteorite (2–6 mm in size) and meteoritic dust are metallic-gray in color and have a total weight of 1.8181 g. Geochemical and petrographic analyses of the meteorite from Lechówka reveal the presence of Ni-rich minerals with a total Ni amount of 2–3 wt%. The identified minerals are taenite, kamacite, schreibersite, Ni-rich magnetite, and Ni-rich goethite. No relicts of silicates or chromites were found. The investigated paleometeorite apparently represents an independent fall and does not seem to be derived from the K-Pg impactor. The high degree of weathering did not permit the chemical classification of the meteorite fragments. However, the recognized mineral inventory, lack of silicates, and their pseudomorphs and texture may indicate that the meteorite remains were an iron meteorite. © The Meteoritical Society, 2017.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85025131600,

title = {Origin of parautochthonous Polish moldavites – a palaeogeographical and petrographical study},

author = { K. Szopa and J. Badura and T. Brachaniec and D. Chew and Ł. Karwowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85025131600&doi=10.14241%2fasgp.2017.001&partnerID=40&md5=aae3cd1a00f16312b12329c432f1a10e},

doi = {10.14241/asgp.2017.001},

issn = {02089068},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae},

volume = {87},

number = {1},

pages = {1-12},

publisher = {Geological Society of Poland},

abstract = {In this article, the most recent moldavite discoveries in Poland and their host sediments are characterised and discussed. They were discovered at Lasów, located about 8 km north of Zgorzelec (Poland) and Görlitz (Germany), about 700 m from the Polish-German border, close to the Lusatian Neisse (Nysa) River. The tektites were collected from Vistulian (Wiechselian) glacial age sand and gravel of a closed quarry pit, associated with the river terraces. In the Lasów area, the moldavite-bearing sediments are Pleistocene in age and represent Lusatian Neisse terrace deposits. They were redeposited from the upper part of the drainage basin of the Lusatian Neisse, probably washed out from the Miocene sediments that filled the Zittau Depression, the Berzdorf–Radomierzyce Depression, the Višňová Depression and the tectonically uplifted Izera Mts. and Działoszyn Depression. The erosion of Miocene deposit occured on a large scale in the uplifted foothills of the Upper Miocene Izera, Lusatia and Kaczawa complexes. The sediment cover was removed from the Działoszyn Depression. The drainage basin of the Lusatian Neisse is the area where moldavites were formed by the Nördlinger Ries impact. The source area of moldavite is the same for the Miocene deposits around Gozdnica, as well as for the Pleistocene sediments at Lasów. © 2017, Geological Society of Poland. All rights reserved.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84996566965,

title = {Age and origin of fluorapatite-rich dyke from Baranec Mt. (Tatra Mts., Western Carpathians): A key to understanding of the post-orogenic processes and element mobility},

author = { A. Gawęda and K. Szopa and D. Chew and U. Klötzli and A. Müller and M. Sikorska and P. Pyka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84996566965&doi=10.1515%2fgeoca-2016-0026&partnerID=40&md5=f108d0bb1a62a7ffa531f0e670518981},

doi = {10.1515/geoca-2016-0026},

issn = {13350552},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Geologica Carpathica},

volume = {67},

number = {5},

pages = {417-432},

publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},

abstract = {On the southeastern slope of the Baranec Mount in the Western Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) an apatite-rich pegmatite-like segregation was found in the subvertical fault zone cutting metapelitic rocks. Two zones: felsic (F) and mafic (M) were found, differing in mineral assemblages and consequently in chemistry. Fluorapatite crystals yield a LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of 328.6 ± 2.4 Ma. A temperature decrease from 634 °C to 454 °C at a pressure around 500 to 400 MPa with oxygen fugacity increasing during crystallization are the possible conditions for formation of the pegmatite-like segregation, while secondary alterations took place in the temperature range of 340-320 °C. The Sr-Nd isotope composition of both apatite and whole rock point toward a crustal origin of the dike in question, suggesting partial melting of (P; F; H2O)-rich metasedimentary rocks during prolonged decompression of the Tatra Massif. The original partial melt (felsic component) was mixed with an external (F; H2O)-rich fluid, carrying Fe and Mg fluxed from more mafic metapelites and crystallizing as biotite and epidote in the mafic component of the dyke. © 2016 Geologica Carpathica.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84939631782,

title = {Episodic construction of the Tatra granitoid intrusion (Central Western Carpathians, Poland/Slovakia): consequences for the geodynamics of Variscan collision and Rheic Ocean closure},

author = { A. Gawęda and J. Burda and U. Klötzli and J. Golonka and K. Szopa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939631782&doi=10.1007%2fs00531-015-1239-2&partnerID=40&md5=b253de659bcf0b087bb9be0788427a8d},

doi = {10.1007/s00531-015-1239-2},

issn = {14373254},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Earth Sciences},

volume = {105},

number = {4},

pages = {1153-1174},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {The Tatra granitoid pluton (Central Western Carpathians; Poland/Slovakia) is an example of composite polygenetic intrusion, comprising many magmatic pulses varying compositionally from diorite to granite. The U–Pb LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon dating of successive magma batches indicates the presence of magmatic episodes at 370–368, 365, 360, 355 and 350–340 Ma, all together covering a time span of 30 Ma of magmatic activity. The partial resorption and recycling of former granitoid material (“petrological cannibalism”) was a result of the incremental growth of the pluton and temperature in the range of 750–850 °C. The long-lasting granitoid magmatism was connected to the prolonged subduction of oceanic crust and collision of the Proto-Carpathian Terrane with a volcanic arc and finally with Laurussia, closing the Rheic Ocean. The differences in granitoid composition are the results of different depths of crustal melting. More felsic magmas were generated in the outer zone of the volcanic arc, whilst more mafic magmas were formed in the inner part of the supra-subduction zone. The source rocks of the granitoid magmas covered the compositional range of metapelite–amphibolite and were from both lower and upper crust. The presence of the inherited zircon cores suggests that the collision and granitoid magmatism involved crust of Cadomian consolidation age (c. 530 and 518 Ma) forming the Proto-Carpathian Terrane, crust of Avalonian affinity (462; 426 Ma) and melted metasedimentary rocks of volcanic arc provenance. © 2015, The Author(s).},

note = {28},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84973523384,

title = {Origin of Jurassic-Cretaceous neptunian dikes from the Cracow-Czestochowa Upland in southern Poland},

author = { T. Brachaniec and M.A. Salamon and K. Szopa and P. Gedl and K.R. Brom and K. Leśko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973523384&doi=10.1016%2fj.geobios.2016.01.021&partnerID=40&md5=49bae2fc896ac1348c7ef3843e779582},

doi = {10.1016/j.geobios.2016.01.021},

issn = {00166995},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Geobios},

volume = {49},

number = {3},

pages = {155-165},

publisher = {Elsevier Masson s.r.l.},

abstract = {Neptunian dikes, representing deposit-filling fractures in older rocks, have long attracted the attention of paleontologists because they may provide unique insights into ancient cryptic submarine cave ecosystems. In the epicratonic Poland, fossil-bearing neptunian dikes are especially well known in Upper Jurassic (mainly Oxfordian) strata. However, the age, origin and faunal composition of these dikes remain the subject of debates. To address these issues, we integrated new paleontological and petrographic data from the Janina Quarry in southern Poland, where neptunian dikes are particularly well exposed. On the basis of sedimentary facies and faunal content occurring as infill of the analyzed dikes, we recognized three distinct stages of Neptunian dike development. Initially, these dikes represented fissures in the sea bottom resulting from the intense Oxfordian and/or Kimmeridgian synsedimentary processes related to Meso- and Neocimmerian tectonic movements. These initial voids were colonized by small crinoids (cyrtocrinids) and brachiopods (lacunosselids), which resulted in the formation of bioclastic limestones. This is the first Mesozoic record of cryptic cyrtocrinids, which implies that migration of this echinoderm group to cryptic habitats has already occurred in the Late Jurassic, consistent with the so-called Mesozoic Marine Revolution. After the initial opening and subsequent rapid sedimentary filling of voids, rejuvenation of these dikes occurred in the Aptian-Cenomanian that was likely induced by the Austrian tectonic phase. Reopened fissures were subsequently filled by rare allochthonous echinoderms and sandstones containing unusually high (5% vol.) content of heavy minerals implying the Bohemian Massif as the most probable source area. The neptunian dikes were finally reopened during the Turonian-Santonian that was probably related to the subhercynnian tectonic phase. They were presumably inhabited by annelids and ultimately filled by a micritic sediment subsequently bioturbated by infaunal echinoids. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84966526625,

title = {New moldavites from SW Poland},

author = { T. Brachaniec and K. Szopa and Ł. Karwowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84966526625&doi=10.1515%2fagp-2016-0005&partnerID=40&md5=076a286445e869d7855484e9a16bde87},

doi = {10.1515/agp-2016-0005},

issn = {00015709},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Acta Geologica Polonica},

volume = {66},

number = {1},

pages = {99-105},

publisher = {Wydawnictwo Naukowe INVIT},

abstract = {Four newly discovered moldavites from the East and West Gozdnica pits, SW Poland, are characterized. All specimens, including other four, reported earlier, are from Upper Miocene fluvial sediments of the Gozdnica Formation. Their weight varies between 0.529 and 1.196 g. The moldavites are bottle green in colour and have bubbles and inclusions of lechatelierite. Low degree of corrosion suggests short river transport, apparently eastward from Lusatia. © Acta Geologica Polonica 2016.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84971457383,

title = {The Lilliput effect in crinoids at the end of the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2: A Case study from Poland},

author = { K.R. Brom and M.A. Salamon and B.B.M. Ferré and T. Brachaniec and K. Szopa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84971457383&doi=10.1017%2fjpa.2016.10&partnerID=40&md5=003eb9caac829eb783e0e9d6f7e526ca},

doi = {10.1017/jpa.2016.10},

issn = {00223360},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Paleontology},

volume = {89},

number = {6},

pages = {1076-1081},

publisher = {Paleontological Society},

abstract = {The Cretaceous Period (145-66 Ma) consisted of several oceanic anoxic events (120-80 Ma), stimulated by global greenhouse effects. The Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) occurred worldwide from the late Cenomanian to the early-middle Turonian, causing a significant faunal turnover, mostly in marine biota, pushing some species to the brink of extinction. Some organisms also underwent morphological changes, including reduction in size. This anoxic event drove other changes-e.g., in habitats or strategy of life. We show that stalkless crinoids (comatulids) from the Turonian of Poland adapted to unfavorable environmental conditions by reducing their body size. Furthermore, at the moment when environmental factors became favorable again, these crinoids regained their regular (pre-event) size. This phenomenon likely illustrates the so-called dwarfing mode of the Lilliput effect. © 2016, The Paleontological Society.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84942617054,

title = {A new discovery of parautochthonous moldavites in southwestern Poland, Central Europe},

author = { T. Brachaniec and K. Szopa and Ł. Karwowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942617054&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.12504&partnerID=40&md5=6d2b8bd2d7f0d7769242d7f580d4b46c},

doi = {10.1111/maps.12504},

issn = {10869379},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Meteoritics and Planetary Science},

volume = {50},

number = {10},

pages = {1697-1702},

publisher = {University of Arkansas},

abstract = {Moldavites represent tektites derived from the Ries impact structure (~24 km diameter; ~15 Myr old) in southern Germany. Two new localities with parautochthonous moldavites in southwestern Poland were found. In these localities, fluvial sediments of the so-called Gozdnicka formation host the moldavites. Characteristic tektite features, especially bubbles and inclusions of lechatelierite, are reported. The moldavites' size distribution and their abraded shapes indicate that they were redeposited from the nearby Lusatia substrewn field. © 2015 The Meteoritical Society.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84936804021,

title = {Coprolites of marine vertebrate predators from the Lower Triassic of southern Poland},

author = { T. Brachaniec and R. Niedźwiedzki and D. Surmik and T. Krzykawski and K. Szopa and P. Gorzelak and M.A. Salamon},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84936804021&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2015.06.005&partnerID=40&md5=03de779ec6aa3c50fd80a47a25cbf1f8},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.06.005},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {435},

pages = {118-126},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Numerous coprolites are described for the first time herein from the Lower Triassic (Olenekian) shallow marine sedimentary rocks in southern Poland. X-ray Diffraction and geochemical analyses show that they are preserved as calcium phosphate with small admixtures of quartz and calcite. Additionally, SEM and thin section studies revealed that they contain highly fragmented faunal remains (crinoids; molluscs and vertebrates). The size, shape, geochemistry, biostratigraphic distribution and co-occurrence with vertebrate skeletal remains imply that the coprolites at hand were likely produced by nothosaurids, the durophagous sauropterygian reptiles and actinopterygian (ray-finned) fish. The large number of recorded coprolites implies that durophagous predation has been intense during the Early Triassic and suggests that the so-called Mesozoic Marine Revolution probably started soon after the end-Permian extinction. Furthermore, discovery of sinusoidal trails attributable to nematodes in some coprolites implies that the intestinal parasitic associations with these predators had already evolved by at least the Early Triassic. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {20},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84946061825,

title = {Composition and element mobilization in pyrometallurgical slags from the Orzeł Biały smelting plant in the Bytom-Piekary ͆laskie area, Poland},

author = { R. Warchulski and A. Gawęda and M. Kądziołka-Gaweł and K. Szopa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946061825&doi=10.1180%2fminmag.2015.079.2.21&partnerID=40&md5=18374edf64b8f8e38b0410f000a9c6bd},

doi = {10.1180/minmag.2015.079.2.21},

issn = {0026461X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Mineralogical Magazine},

volume = {79},

number = {2},

pages = {459-483},

publisher = {Mineralogical Society},

abstract = {Wastes accumulated at Piekary ͆l?skie, Poland, are the result of 150 years of continuous working of the Orzeł Biały smelting plant. Slags are composed of: oxides (spinel; hematite; zincite); silicates and aluminosilicates (olivine; monticellite-kirschteinite; titanite; merwinite; pyroxene; melilite; feldspars: plagioclases and plumbean K-feldspar; nepheline; kalsilite; leucite); sulfides (pyrrhotite; rudashevskyite; galena), metallic phases (pure iron and iron-arsenic mixture) and secondary phases (gypsum; rapidcreekite; apatite). Interstices between the crystalline phases are filled by glass, concentrating toxic and potentially harmful elements, e.g. up to 53.22 wt.% PbO. The sequence of crystallization of primary phases depended on the local variability of oxygen fugacity and degree of calcination, while the texture type resulted from the cooling time and partial pressure of volatiles. Suggested crystallization temperatures are in the range of 1200-1500°C. Bulk chemical analyses show that the slags are composed mainly of SiO2, Al2O3,Fe2O3, MgO and CaO. Among the potentially harmful elements, Zn is the most common, reaching up to 5.93 wt.%, Pb is present in concentrations up to 3.9 wt.% and As in weathered samples exceeds 1 wt.%. Leaching tests of these elements confirms As mobility as Zn and Pb are preferably leached from fresh slags, while As is present in greater amounts in leachate from weathered slag samples. The documented amounts of As, Zn, Pb and their mobility in slags produce an environmental risk, as this material is currently used widely for commercial purposes. © 2015 Mineralogical Society 2015.},

note = {27},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84957927944,

title = {Preliminary EMPA and XRD investigation on detrital minerals from the Štramberk Limestone in the Czech Republic},

author = { K. Szopa and T. Brachaniec and T. Krzykawski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957927944&doi=10.1127%2fnjgpa%2f2015%2f0478&partnerID=40&md5=b0b7bc6ea0a088cb4bb6555986e8caca},

doi = {10.1127/njgpa/2015/0478},

issn = {00777749},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Abhandlungen},

volume = {276},

number = {2},

pages = {201-212},

publisher = {Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung},

abstract = {In this paper, detrital minerals (light and heavy) from the Štramberk Limestone in the Czech Republic are described for the first time. The identified minerals are quartz, hematite, goethite, apatite, monazite, zircon, pyroxene, chlorite, kyanite(?) and zircon. Most are minerals from igneous rocks. CHIME age determinations on a monazite grain give Variscan ages. The main calculated age is 334±5 Ma. In addition, three further ages, i.e., 392 Ma, 359 Ma and 309 Ma are indicated. The rounded shapes of some mineral grains, and the sharp, cracked and/or automorphic character of others, provide rather ambiguous information on their transport history and source area(s). However, the mineral inventory and the determined age may point to the Bohemian Massif as the source. © 2015 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84947274741,

title = {Petrogenesis of kyanite-quartz segregations in mica schists of the Western Tatra Mountains (Slovakia)},

author = { P. Pyka and A. Gawęda and K. Szopa and A. Müller and M. Sikorska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84947274741&doi=10.1515%2fmipo-2015-0007&partnerID=40&md5=d00b528405e9d2afd66a3d3621d0c3db},

doi = {10.1515/mipo-2015-0007},

issn = {18998291},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Mineralogia},

volume = {45},

number = {3-4},

pages = {99-120},

publisher = {De Gruyter Open Ltd},

abstract = {In the Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) metamorphic complex, kyanite-quartz segregations with biotite-rich selvage occur in mylonitized mica schists. In this paper, the problem of fluid flow and aluminium mobility during the uplift of the crystalline massif, and the position of the segregations in the history of Western Tatra metamorphic complex, is adressed. The reaction Alm + Rt → Ilm + Ky + Qtz is considered to be the result of a pressure drop from above to below 9 kbar. Ti-in-biotite geothermometry shows the temperature range to be 579-639°C that is related to heating and decompression associated with granite intrusion. Major-element mass-balance calculations show that Al remained stable in the selvage + segregation system whereas other elements (e.g. Cr; HFSE) were mobilized. The kyanite-quartz segregations formed from local fluids generated during dehydration of the metapelitic rocks during uplift. The main mechanism was likely diffusion-driven mass-transfer into extension-related cracks. © 2014 Paulina Pyka et al., published by De Gruyter Open.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84910009149,

title = {LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and REE patterns of apatite from the Tatra Mountains, Poland as a monitor of the regional tectonomagmatic activity},

author = { A. Gawęda and K. Szopa and D. Chew},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84910009149&doi=10.2478%2fs13386-013-0171-0&partnerID=40&md5=59e756a1ac041a8e5a687eae31af78f5},

doi = {10.2478/s13386-013-0171-0},

issn = {17338387},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Geochronometria},

volume = {41},

number = {4},

pages = {306-314},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {This study presents apatite LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age and trace elements concentrations data from different granite types from the Tatra Mountains, Poland. Apatite from monazite and xenotime-bearing High Tatra granite was dated at 339 ± 5 Ma. The apatite LREE patterns reflect two types of magmas that contributed to this layered magma series. Apatite from a hybrid allanite-bearing diorite from the Goryczkowa Unit was dated at 340 ± 4 Ma with apatite LREE depletion reflecting the role of allanite and titanite during apatite crystallization. Apatite crystals from a hybrid cumulative rock from the Western Tatra Mountains were dated at 344 ± 3 Ma. Apatite is one of the main REE carriers in this sample and exhibit flat REE patterns.Taking into account the relatively low closure temperature of the U-Pb system in apatite (350–550°C), the c. 340 Ma apatite ages mark the end of high temperature tectonometamorphic activity in the Tatra Mountains. © 2014, Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Wien.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84924049933,

title = {LA-ICP-MS U-Pb apatite dating of lower cretaceous rocks from teschenite-picrite association in the silesian unit (southern Poland)},

author = { K. Szopa and R. Włodyka and D. Chew},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924049933&doi=10.2478%2fgeoca-2014-0018&partnerID=40&md5=39e86df00d5d6f6dbc024b810de2fbc6},

doi = {10.2478/geoca-2014-0018},

issn = {13350552},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Geologica Carpathica},

volume = {65},

number = {4},

pages = {273-284},

abstract = {The main products of volcanic activity in the teschenite-picrite association (TPA) are shallow, sub-volcanic intrusions, which predominate over extrusive volcanic rocks. They comprise a wide range of intrusive rocks which fall into two main groups: Alkaline (teschenite; picrite; syenite; lamprophyre) and subalkaline (dolerite). Previous 40Ar/39Ar and 40K/40Ar dating of these rocks in the Polish Outer Western Carpathians, performed on kaersutite, sub-silicic diopside, phlogopite/biotite as well as on whole rock samples has yielded Early Cretaceous ages. Fluorapatite crystals were dated by the U-Pb LA-ICP-MS method to obtain the age of selected magmatic rocks (teschenite; lamprophyre) from the Cieszyn igneous province. Apatite-bearing samples from Boguszowice, Punców and Lipowa yield U-Pb ages of 103± 20 Ma, 119.6 ± 3.2 Ma and 126.5 ± 8.8 Ma, respectively. The weighted average age for all three samples is 117.8 ± 7.3 Ma (MSWD = 2.7). The considerably smaller dispersion in the apatite ages compared to the published amphibole and biotite ages is probably caused by the U-Pb system in apatite being less susceptible to the effects of hydrothermal alternation than the 40Ar/39Ar or 40K/40Ar system in amphibole and/or biotite. Available data suggest that volcanic activity in the Silesian Basin took place from 128 to 103 Ma with the the main magmatic phase constrained to 128-120 Ma.},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84906315352,

title = {Discovery of the most distal Ries tektites found in Lower Silesia, southwestern Poland},

author = { T. Brachaniec and K. Szopa and Ł. Karwowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906315352&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.12311&partnerID=40&md5=a759618ed76c404833d086ef0876d122},

doi = {10.1111/maps.12311},

issn = {10869379},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Meteoritics and Planetary Science},

volume = {49},

number = {8},

pages = {1315-1322},

publisher = {University of Arkansas},

abstract = {We report the first occurrence of moldavites in Poland. This discovery confirms the hypothesis that moldavites could have been distributed up to 500 km from the Ries crater in Germany. The tektites were reworked from Middle Miocene sediments and redeposited in Late Miocene (Pannonian) fluvial deposits of the Gozdnicka Formation in Lower Silesia. The Polish moldavites are represented by nine (<8 mm) fragments with a total of 0.471 g. The lack of the autochthonous tektites indicates that tektites investigated here had to be redeposited in a fluvial environment, probably from the Lusatian area. The chemical composition of the Polish moldavites plots in the same area with those from other localities. © The Meteoritical Society, 2014.},

note = {23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84902254261,

title = {Spherules associated with the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in Poland},

author = { T. Brachaniec and Ł. Karwowski and K. Szopa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902254261&doi=10.2478%2fagp-2014-0004&partnerID=40&md5=cbf57ece514814adf836aa81c6b3c672},

doi = {10.2478/agp-2014-0004},

issn = {00015709},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Acta Geologica Polonica},

volume = {64},

number = {1},

pages = {99-108},

publisher = {Wydawnictwo Naukowe INVIT},

abstract = {The succession of the Lechowka section near Chefm in south-eastern Poland presents the first complete record of the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary in Poland. Samples of the boundary clay were examined for mi-crotektites and shocked minerals to confirm the impact origin of the sediment. The spheroidal fraction reveals morphological and mineralogical features, e.g., spherules, similar to material from the K-Pg boundary as described from elsewhere. The impact genesis of the spherules is confirmed by the presence of nickel-rich spinel grains on their surfaces. The spinels are considered to be primary microlites and, thus, the spherules at Lechowka can be classified as microkrystites. No shocked minerals were noted. The deposits with spherules comprise Aland Mg-rich smectite (Cheto smectite). This almost pure Mg-rich smectite, forming up to 100% of the clay fraction, derived from the weathering of the impact glass. It is proposed that the spherules isolated from the Creta-ceous-Paleogene boundary clay at Lechowka come from the Chicxulub crater in Mexico.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84880591308,

title = {The petrogenesis of granitoid rocks unusually rich in apatite in the Western Tatra Mts. (S-Poland, Western Carpathians)},

author = { K. Szopa and A. Gawęda and A. Müller and M. Sikorska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880591308&doi=10.1007%2fs00710-012-0262-2&partnerID=40&md5=99a5cd9868967426344ea44c344d8335},

doi = {10.1007/s00710-012-0262-2},

issn = {09300708},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Mineralogy and Petrology},

volume = {107},

number = {4},

pages = {609-627},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {In the bottom part of the tongue-shaped, layered granitoid intrusion, exposed in the Western Tatra Mts., apatite-rich granitic rocks occur as pseudo-layers and pockets between I-type hybrid mafic precursors and homogeneous S-type felsic granitoids. The apatite-rich rocks are peraluminous (ASI = 1.12-1.61), with P2O5 contents ranging from 0.05 to 3.41 wt.% (<7.5 vol.% apatite), shoshonitic to high-K calc-alkaline. Apatite is present as long-prismatic zoned crystals (Ap1) and as large xenomorphic unzoned crystals (Ap2). Ap1 apatite and biotite represent an early cumulate. Feldspar and Ap2 textural relations may reflect the interaction of the crystal faces of both minerals and support a model based on local saturation of (P; Ca; F) versus (K; Na; Al; Si; Ba) in the border zones. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the apatite rocks and for pure apatite suggest apatite was a main REE carrier in these rocks. Minerals characteristics and the whole rock chemistry suggest both reduced S-type and I-type magma influenced the apatite-rich rocks. The field observations, mineral and rock chemistry as well as mass-balance calculations point out that the presence of apatite-rich rocks may be linked to the continuous mixing of felsic and mafic magmas, creating unique phosphorus- and aluminium-rich magma portions. Formation of these rocks was initially dominated by the complex flowage-controlled and to some extent also gravity-driven separation of early-formed zoned minerals and, subsequently, by local saturation in the border zones of growing feldspar and apatite crystals. Slow diffusion in the phosphorus-rich magma pockets favoured the local saturation and simultaneous crystallization of apatite and feldspars in a crystal-ladden melt. © 2012 The Author(s).},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84858735523,

title = {The origin of magmatic layering in the High Tatra granite, Central Western Carpathians - Implications for the formation of granitoid plutons},

author = { A. Gawęda and K. Szopa},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858735523&doi=10.1017%2fS1755691012010146&partnerID=40&md5=8ba0cbd9ad99d9262a0696836292af20},

doi = {10.1017/S1755691012010146},

issn = {17556910},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh},

volume = {102},

number = {2},

pages = {129-144},

abstract = {The High Tatra granite intrusion is an example of a Variscan syn-tectonic,tongue-shaped intrusion. In some portions of the intrusion, structures occur which appear to be ofsedimentary origin. These include structures similar to graded bedding, cross-bedding, troughs andflame structures, K-feldspar-rich cumulates and magmatic breccias. Formation of these structuresmight be related to changing magma properties, including crystal fraction, development of a crystalmush and a decrease in magma viscosity, stimulated by influx of mafic magma and high volatilecontent. The suggested processes in operation are: gravity-controlled separation, magma flowsegregation, deposition on the magma-chamber floor, filter pressing and density currents stimulatedby tectonic activity.The formation of the sedimentary structures was also aided by the presence of large numbers ofxenoliths that acted as a heat sink and influenced the thermal field in the intrusion, stimulating rapidcooling and crystal nucleation. Sinking xenoliths deformed the layering and, to some extent,protected the unconsolidated crystal mush from erosion by magma flowing past.Areas with well-developed sedimentary magmatic structures can be viewed as having involvedmagma rich in crystals locally forming closely-packed networks from which residual melt wasextracted by filter pressing, and preserved in leucocratic pods and dykes. Interleaved, non-layeredgranite may be interpreted to have formed from the magma with initially low crystal fractions.It is suggested that the intrusion was formed from numerous magma injections representingdifferent stages in the mixing and mingling of felsic and mafic sources. It solidified by gravitationdrivencrystal accumulation and flow sorting on the magma chamber floor and on the surfaces oflarge numbers of xenoliths. Shear stress acting during intrusion might have influenced the formationof magmatic structures. © 2011 The Royal Society of Edinburgh.},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}