@article{2-s2.0-85211618567,

title = {The paradoxical effects of beneficial bacteria on Solanum lycopersicum under Cd stress},

author = { M. Noszczyńska and M. Pawlik and M. Rudnicka and D. Wójcik and M. Gajecka and K. Kukucz and M. Skowronek and I.W. Potocka and Z. Piotrowska-Seget},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85211618567&doi=10.1016%2fj.envpol.2024.125430&partnerID=40&md5=4ce49372be49e0ed95cdb86bd4376fe1},

doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125430},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Pollution},

volume = {366},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {This study investigated the complex interactions between a novel consortium and tomato seedlings under cadmium (Cd) stress. The consortium consists of two bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. HS4 and Paenarthrobacter sp. AS8, both with proven plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties, isolated from Cd hyperaccumulators. Our research highlights the paradoxical effects of these bacteria, revealing their dual role in reducing Cd uptake while simultaneously inducing oxidative stress in plants. Hydroponic experiments showed that the consortium reduced Cd accumulation in tomato shoots by 52% compared to uninoculated controls. However, this reduction was accompanied by decreased plant biomass and increased oxidative stress, with malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels up to 80% and 160% higher, respectively, in inoculated plants. Root H₂O₂ production increased by 38% under 50 μM Cd without a corresponding rise in catalase (CAT) activity. Despite Cd exposure, the consortium promoted chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis, restoring pigment levels to those of unstressed controls. Gene expression analysis revealed a complex impact on stress responses, with inoculation suppressing Sl1 gene expression in roots and upregulating the oxidative stress-related GR-1 gene in shoots. These findings highlight the complex and multifaceted relationship between beneficial bacteria and plant fitness under heavy metal stress, with significant implications for sustainable agriculture. The study raises new questions regarding the broader physiological and ecological impacts of applying hyperaccumulator-associated bacteria in crop management, emphasizing the necessity for deeper mechanistic insights into these interactions to fully harness their potential in improving crop resilience and productivity. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85198532679,

title = {The stem cell niche transcription factor ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 115 participates in aluminum-induced terminal differentiation in Arabidopsis roots},

author = { P.B. Larsen and S. He and T.J. Meyer and M.E. Szurman-Zubrzycka and C. Alfs and J. Kwaśniewska and A. Pervis and M. Gajecka and A. Veerabahu and T.R. Beaulieu and S.C. Bolaris and T. Eekhout and L. De Veylder and S. Abel and I. Szarejko and J. Murn},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85198532679&doi=10.1111%2fpce.15032&partnerID=40&md5=5b331edfcb2fc3105176acc924481acf},

doi = {10.1111/pce.15032},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Plant Cell and Environment},

volume = {47},

number = {11},

pages = {4432-4448},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {Aluminum-dependent stoppage of root growth requires the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway including the p53-like transcription factor SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RADIATION 1 (SOG1), which promotes terminal differentiation of the root tip in response to Al dependent cell death. Transcriptomic analyses identified Al-induced SOG1-regulated targets as candidate mediators of this growth arrest. Analysis of these factors either as loss-of-function mutants or by overexpression in the als3-1 background shows ERF115, which is a key transcription factor that in other scenarios is rate-limiting for damaged stem cell replenishment, instead participates in transition from an actively growing root to one that has terminally differentiated in response to Al toxicity. This is supported by a loss-of-function erf115 mutant raising the threshold of Al required to promote terminal differentiation of Al hypersensitive als3-1. Consistent with its key role in stoppage of root growth, a putative ERF115 barley ortholog is also upregulated following Al exposure, suggesting a conserved role for this ATR-dependent pathway in Al response. In contrast to other DNA damage agents, these results show that ERF115 and likely related family members are important determinants of terminal differentiation of the root tip following Al exposure and central outputs of the SOG1-mediated pathway in Al response. © 2024 The Author(s). Plant, Cell & Environment published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85176574335,

title = {The improvement of the in vitro plant regeneration in barley with the epigenetic modifier of histone acetylation, trichostatin A},

author = { K. Nowak and B. Wójcikowska and M. Gajecka and A. Elżbieciak and J. Morończyk and A.M. Wójcik and P. Żemła and S. Citerne and A. Kiwior-Wesołowska and J. Zbieszczyk and M.D. Gaj},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85176574335&doi=10.1007%2fs13353-023-00800-9&partnerID=40&md5=aba91f468acebb6e7ac6030f68dc49f7},

doi = {10.1007/s13353-023-00800-9},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Applied Genetics},

volume = {65},

number = {1},

pages = {13-30},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {Genotype-limited plant regeneration is one of the main obstacles to the broader use of genetic transformation in barley breeding. Thus, developing new approaches that might improve responses of in vitro recalcitrant genotypes remains at the center of barley biotechnology. Here, we analyzed different barley genotypes, including “Golden Promise,” a genotype commonly used in the genetic transformation, and four malting barley cultivars of poor regenerative potential. The expression of hormone-related transcription factor (TF) genes with documented roles in plant regeneration was analyzed in genotypes with various plant-regenerating capacities. The results indicated differential expression of auxin-related TF genes between the barley genotypes in both the explants and the derived cultures. In support of the role of auxin in barley regeneration, distinct differences in the accumulation of free and oxidized auxin were observed in explants and explant-derived callus cultures of barley genotypes. Following the assumption that modifying gene expression might improve plant regeneration in barley, we treated the barley explants with trichostatin A (TSA), which affects histone acetylation. The effects of TSA were genotype-dependent as TSA treatment improved plant regeneration in two barley cultivars. TSA-induced changes in plant regeneration were associated with the increased expression of auxin biosynthesis-involved TFs. The study demonstrated that explant treatment with chromatin modifiers such as TSA might provide a new and effective epigenetic approach to improving plant regeneration in recalcitrant barley genotypes. © 2023, The Author(s).},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85147518182,

title = {Doubled Haploids: Contributions of Poland's Academies in Recognizing the Mechanism of Gametophyte Cell Reprogramming and Their Utilization in Breeding of Agricultural and Vegetable Species},

author = { E.U. Kurczyńska and I. Żur and A. Adamus and T. Cegielska-Taras and S. Cichorz and E. Dubas and M. Gajecka and K. Juzoń-Sikora and A. Kiełkowska and A. Stra and S. Oleszczuk and E. Skrzypek and L. Szała and I. Szarejko and J. Zimny},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147518182&doi=10.5586%2fASBP.9128&partnerID=40&md5=88ee571e2c6845abb015cfbe416e67ac},

doi = {10.5586/ASBP.9128},

issn = {00016977},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae},

volume = {91},

publisher = {Polish Botanical Society},

abstract = {Diverse processes leading to doubled haploid (DH) plant production, such as microspore embryogenesis, gynogenesis, and distant hybridization followed by genome elimination, are based on the unique ability of plant cells to form haploid embryos without fertilization. All of these are possible because of various in vitro culture systems that enable the growth and development of tissues or single cells outside of the parental organism. The possibility of re-directing cell development from its original pathway to embryogenesis brings several benefits to many research areas, but the most important is the possibility of its implementation in breeding programs. This review summarizes the achievements of Polish research groups in studies of the mechanisms of haploid/DH embryo development and demonstrates the practical applications of these systems in basic studies and plant breeding. It shows the results of studies on economically important crops including barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.), oat (Avena sativa L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris L.), and some vegetable species, including carrot (Daucus carota L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), red beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and members of the Brassicaceae. © The Author(s) 2022.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85098859776,

title = {Changes in plastid biogenesis leading to the formation of albino regenerants in barley microspore culture},

author = { M. Gajecka and M. Marzec and B. Chmielewska and J. Jelonek and J. Zbieszczyk and I. Szarejko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098859776&doi=10.1186%2fs12870-020-02755-z&partnerID=40&md5=d815420ef3c84b515da6b97e036cb855},

doi = {10.1186/s12870-020-02755-z},

issn = {14712229},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {BMC Plant Biology},

volume = {21},

number = {1},

publisher = {BioMed Central Ltd},

abstract = {Background: Microspore embryogenesis is potentially the most effective method of obtaining doubled haploids (DH) which are utilized in breeding programs to accelerate production of new cultivars. However, the regeneration of albino plants significantly limits the exploitation of androgenesis for DH production in cereals. Despite many efforts, the precise mechanisms leading to development of albino regenerants have not yet been elucidated. The objective of this study was to reveal the genotype-dependent molecular differences in chloroplast differentiation that lead to the formation of green and albino regenerants in microspore culture of barley. Results: We performed a detailed analysis of plastid differentiation at successive stages of androgenesis in two barley cultivars, ‘Jersey’ and ‘Mercada’ that differed in their ability to produce green regenerants. We demonstrated the lack of transition from the NEP-dependent to PEP-dependent transcription in plastids of cv. ‘Mercada’ that produced mostly albino regenerants in microspore culture. The failed NEP-to-PEP transition was associated with the lack of activity of Sig2 gene encoding a sigma factor necessary for transcription of plastid rRNA genes. A very low level of 16S and 23S rRNA transcripts and impaired plastid translation machinery resulted in the inhibition of photomorphogenesis in regenerating embryos and albino regenerants. Furthermore, the plastids present in differentiating ‘Mercada’ embryos contained a low number of plastome copies whose replication was not always completed. Contrary to ‘Mercada’, cv. ‘Jersey’ that produced 90% green regenerants, showed the high activity of PEP polymerase, the highly increased expression of Sig2, plastid rRNAs and tRNAGlu, which indicated the NEP inhibition. The increased expression of GLKs genes encoding transcription factors required for induction of photomorphogenesis was also observed in ‘Jersey’ regenerants. Conclusions: Proplastids present in microspore-derived embryos of albino-producing genotypes did not pass the early checkpoints of their development that are required for induction of further light-dependent differentiation of chloroplasts. The failed activation of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase during differentiation of embryos was associated with the genotype-dependent inability to regenerate green plants in barley microspore culture. The better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying formation of albino regenerants may be helpful in overcoming the problem of albinism in cereal androgenesis. © 2021, The Author(s).},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85107199912,

title = {Aluminum or Low pH – Which Is the Bigger Enemy of Barley? Transcriptome Analysis of Barley Root Meristem Under Al and Low pH Stress},

author = { M.E. Szurman-Zubrzycka and K. Chwiałkowska and M. Niemira and M. Kwaśniewski and M. Nawrot and M. Gajecka and P.B. Larsen and I. Szarejko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107199912&doi=10.3389%2ffgene.2021.675260&partnerID=40&md5=74ea8683f454a79bd22287d33605b161},

doi = {10.3389/fgene.2021.675260},

issn = {16648021},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Genetics},

volume = {12},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {Aluminum (Al) toxicity is considered to be the most harmful abiotic stress in acidic soils that today comprise more than 50% of the world’s arable lands. Barley belongs to a group of crops that are most sensitive to Al in low pH soils. We present the RNA-seq analysis of root meristems of barley seedlings grown in hydroponics at optimal pH (6.0), low pH (4.0), and low pH with Al (10 μM of bioavailable Al3+ ions). Two independent experiments were conducted: with short-term (24 h) and long-term (7 days) Al treatment. In the short-term experiment, more genes were differentially expressed (DEGs) between root meristems grown at pH = 6.0 and pH = 4.0, than between those grown at pH = 4.0 with and without Al treatment. The genes upregulated by low pH were associated mainly with response to oxidative stress, cell wall organization, and iron ion binding. Among genes upregulated by Al, overrepresented were those related to response to stress condition and calcium ion binding. In the long-term experiment, the number of DEGs between hydroponics at pH = 4.0 and 6.0 were lower than in the short-term experiment, which suggests that plants partially adapted to the low pH. Interestingly, 7 days Al treatment caused massive changes in the transcriptome profile. Over 4,000 genes were upregulated and almost 2,000 genes were downregulated by long-term Al stress. These DEGs were related to stress response, cell wall development and metal ion transport. Based on our results we can assume that both, Al3+ ions and low pH are harmful to barley plants. Additionally, we phenotyped the root system of barley seedlings grown in the same hydroponic conditions for 7 days at pH = 6.0},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85086678590,

title = {Methyl jasmonate affects photosynthesis efficiency, expression of HvTIP genes and nitrogen homeostasis in Barley},

author = { M.M. Kurowska and A. Daszkowska-Golec and M. Gajecka and P. Kościelniak and W.M. Bierza and I. Szarejko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086678590&doi=10.3390%2fijms21124335&partnerID=40&md5=388ee2567db937bac0ac87ab71487383},

doi = {10.3390/ijms21124335},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {21},

number = {12},

pages = {1-23},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Jasmonates modulate many growth and developmental processes and act as stress hormones that play an important role in plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, there is a need to identify the genes that are regulated through the jasmonate signalling pathway. Aquaporins, and among them the Tonoplast Intrinsic Proteins (TIPs), form the channels in cell membranes that are responsible for the precise regulation of the movement of water and other substrates between cell compartments. We identified the cis-regulatory motifs for the methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced genes in the promoter regions of all the HvTIP genes, which are active in barley seedlings, and thus we hypothesised that the HvTIP expression could be a response to jasmonate signalling. In the presented study, we determined the effect of methyl jasmonate on the growth parameters and photosynthesis efficiency of barley seedlings that had been exposed to different doses of MeJA (15–1000 µM × 120 h) in a hydroponic solution. All of the applied MeJA concentrations caused a significant reduction of barley seedling growth, which was most evident in the length of the first leaf sheath and dry leaf weight. The observed decrease of the PSII parameters after the exposure to high doses of MeJA (500 µM or higher) was associated with the downregulation of HvPsbR gene encoding one of the extrinsic proteins of the Oxygen Evolving Complex. The reduced expression of HvPsbR might lead to the impairment of the OEC action, manifested by the occurrence of the K-band in an analysis of fluorescence kinetics after MeJA treatment as well as reduced photosynthesis efficiency. Furthermore, methyl jasmonate treatment caused a decrease in the nitrogen content in barley leaves, which was associated with an increased expression the four tonoplast aquaporin genes (HvTIP1;2; HvTIP2;2; HvTIP4;1 and HvTIP4;2) predicted to transport the nitrogen compounds from the vacuole to the cytosol. The upregulation of the nitrogen-transporting HvTIPs might suggest their involvement in the vacuolar unloading of ammonia and urea, which both could be remobilised when the nitrogen content in the leaves decreases. Our research provides tips on physiological role of the individual TIP subfamily members of aquaporins under methyl jasmonate action. © 2020 by the authors.Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85075546169,

title = {Plastid differentiation during microgametogenesis determines green plant regeneration in barley microspore culture},

author = { M. Gajecka and M. Marzec and B. Chmielewska and J. Jelonek and J. Zbieszczyk and I. Szarejko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075546169&doi=10.1016%2fj.plantsci.2019.110321&partnerID=40&md5=e6fa2af008d23476f81f00614719a9af},

doi = {10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110321},

issn = {01689452},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Plant Science},

volume = {291},

publisher = {Elsevier Ireland Ltd},

abstract = {Developing plants from in vitro culture of microspores or immature pollen grains (androgenesis) is a highly genotype-dependent process whose effectiveness in cereals is significantly reduced by occurrence of albino regenerants. Here, we examined a hypothesis that the molecular differentiation of plastids in barley microspores prior to in vitro culture affects the genotype ability to regenerate green plants in culture. At the mid-to-late uninucleate (ML) stage, routinely used to initiate microspore culture, the expression of most genes involved in plastid transcription, translation and starch synthesis was significantly higher in microspores of barley cv. ‘Mercada’ producing 90% albino regenerants, than in cv. ‘Jersey’ that developed 90% green regenerants. The ML microspores of cv. ‘Mercada’ contained a large proportion of amyloplasts filled with starch, while in cv. ‘Jersey’ there were only proplastids. Using additional spring barley genotypes that differed in their ability to regenerate green plants we confirmed the correlation between plastid differentiation prior to culture and albino regeneration in culture. The expression of GBSSI gene (Granule-bound starch synthaseI) in early-mid (EM) microspores was a good marker of a genotype potential to produce green regenerants during androgenesis. Initiating culture from EM microspores that significantly improved regeneration of green plants may overcome the problem of albinism. © 2019 The Author(s)},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85043326007,

title = {HorTILLUS—a rich and renewable source of induced mutations for forward/reverse genetics and pre-breeding programs in barley (Hordeumvulgare L.)},

author = { M.E. Szurman-Zubrzycka and J. Zbieszczyk and M. Marzec and J. Jelonek and B. Chmielewska and M.M. Kurowska and M. Krok and A. Daszkowska-Golec and J. Guzy-Wróbelska and D. Gruszka and M. Gajecka and P. Gajewska and M. Stolarek and P. Tylec and P. Sega and S. Lip and M. Kudełko and M. Lorek and M. Gorniak-Walas and A. Malolepszy and N. Podsiadlo and K.P. Szyrajew and A. Keisa and Z. Mbambo and E. Todorowska and M. Gaj and Z. Nita and W. Orlowska-Job and M. Maluszynski and I. Szarejko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85043326007&doi=10.3389%2ffpls.2018.00216&partnerID=40&md5=2be0ee225baa473124ed786053f7b1c1},

doi = {10.3389/fpls.2018.00216},

issn = {1664462X},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},

volume = {9},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) is a strategy used for functional analysis of genes that combines the classical mutagenesis and a rapid, high-throughput identification of mutations within a gene of interest. TILLING has been initially developed as a discovery platform for functional genomics, but soon it has become a valuable tool in development of desired alleles for crop breeding, alternative to transgenic approach. Here we present the HorTILLUS (Hordeum—TILLING—University of Silesia) population created for spring barley cultivar “Sebastian” after double-treatment of seeds with two chemical mutagens: sodium azide (NaN3) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The population comprises more than 9,600 M2 plants from which DNA was isolated, seeds harvested, vacuum-packed, and deposited in seed bank. M3 progeny of 3,481 M2 individuals was grown in the field and phenotyped. The screening for mutations was performed for 32 genes related to different aspects of plant growth and development. For each gene fragment, 3,072–6,912 M2 plants were used for mutation identification using LI-COR sequencer. In total, 382 mutations were found in 182.2Mb screened. The average mutation density in the HorTILLUS, estimated as 1 mutation per 477kb, is among the highest mutation densities reported for barley. The majority of mutations were G/C to A/T transitions, however about 8% transversions were also detected. Sixty-one percent of mutations found in coding regions were missense, 37.5% silent and 1.1% nonsense. In each gene, the missense mutations with a potential effect on protein function were identified. The HorTILLUS platform is the largest of the TILLING populations reported for barley and best characterized. The population proved to be a useful tool, both in functional genomic studies and in forward selection of barley mutants with required phenotypic changes. We are constantly renewing the HorTILLUS population, which makes it a permanent source of new mutations. We offer the usage of this valuable resource to the interested barley researchers on cooperative basis. © 2018 Szurman-Zubrzycka, Zbieszczyk, Marzec, Jelonek, Chmielewska, Kurowska, Krok, Daszkowska-Golec, Guzy-Wrobelska, Gruszka, Gajecka, Gajewska, Stolarek, Tylec, Sega, Lip, Kudełko, Lorek, Gorniak-Walas, Malolepszy, Podsiadlo, Szyrajew, Keisa, Mbambo, Todorowska, Gaj, Nita, Orlowska-Job, Maluszynski and Szarejko.},

note = {30},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85021152716,

title = {Mutation in HvCBP20 (Cap binding protein 20) adapts barley to drought stress at phenotypic and transcriptomic levels},

author = { A. Daszkowska-Golec and A. Collin and M. Marzec and M. Słota and M.M. Kurowska and M. Gajecka and P. Gajewska and T. Płociniczak and K. Sitko and A. Pacak and Z. Szweykowska-Kulinska and I. Szarejko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021152716&doi=10.3389%2ffpls.2017.00942&partnerID=40&md5=769fb24d1f52b6fc895f399773d7ea69},

doi = {10.3389/fpls.2017.00942},

issn = {1664462X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},

volume = {8},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {CBP20 (Cap-Binding Protein 20) encodes a small subunit of the cap-binding complex (CBC), which is involved in the conserved cell processes related to RNA metabolism in plants and, simultaneously, engaged in the signaling network of drought response, which is dependent on ABA. Here, we report the enhanced tolerance to drought stress of barley mutant in the HvCBP20 gene manifested at the morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic levels. Physiological analyses revealed differences between the hvcbp20.ab mutant and its WT in response to a water deficiency. The mutant exhibited a higher relative water content (RWC), a lower stomatal conductance and changed epidermal pattern compared to the WT after drought stress. Transcriptome analysis using the Agilent Barley Microarray integrated with observed phenotypic traits allowed to conclude that the hvcbp20.ab mutant exhibited better fitness to stress conditions by its much more efficient and earlier activation of stress-preventing mechanisms. The network hubs involved in the adjustment of hvcbp20.ab mutant to the drought conditions were proposed. These results enabled to make a significant progress in understanding the role of CBP20 in the drought stress response. © 2017 Daszkowska-Golec, Skubacz, Marzec, Slota, Kurowska, Gajecka, Gajewska, Płociniczak, Sitko, Pacak, Szweykowska-Kulinska and Szarejko.},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}