@article{2-s2.0-85207719711,

title = {Graphene oxide in low concentrations can change mitochondrial potential, autophagy, and apoptosis paths in two strains of invertebrates with different life strategies},

author = { B. Flasz and A. Babczyńska and M. Tarnawska and A.K. Ajay and A. Kędziorski and Ł. Napora-Rutkowski and M. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85207719711&doi=10.1016%2fj.bbrc.2024.150898&partnerID=40&md5=6f3f1c36eb8e21112703c71de163f5fd},

doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150898},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications},

volume = {736},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Nanoparticles, like graphene oxide (GO), are particles with unique physiochemical properties that enable their wide application in various areas of life. The effects of GO on individual cell organelles like mitochondria and the effects of interactions are worth investigating, as they can activate multiple cellular processes, such as autophagy or apoptosis. Mitochondrial injury plays an essential role in the majority of cell death routines. In the project, we investigated cell health status measured as mitochondrial inner membrane depolarization, autophagy, and apoptosis induction during long-term GO administration in food (0.02 μg g−1 and 0.2 μg g−1 of food). Two unique Acheta domesticus strains that differ in life strategy were used: wild-type and long-lived at three different life stages (larva; young adult; mature adult). The changes in mitochondrial trans-membrane potential were marked in the wild-type strain. The autophagy was lower in all GO-treated groups in both strains, and the apoptosis was lower in both strains in the mature adult crickets. Low GO concentrations treatment for the whole life, despite mitochondrial dysfunction, may lead to inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle for the duration of repair, and other repair tools are involved in the process of restoring homeostasis. © 2024 The Authors},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85213390156,

title = {The Effect of Tyre and Road Wear Particles on the Terrestrial Isopod Armadillidium pallasii},

author = { G. Torreggiani and C. Manfrin and A. Giglio and A. Dissegna and C. Chiandetti and P. Giotta and M. Renzi and S. Anselmi and T. Bentivoglio and A. Babczyńska and S. Battistella and P. Edomi and P.G. Giulianini},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85213390156&doi=10.3390%2fbiom14121640&partnerID=40&md5=bafcf0f8b7acc7338272bed79e5ad7cd},

doi = {10.3390/biom14121640},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Biomolecules},

volume = {14},

number = {12},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {(1) Car tyre microplastic particles (TMPs) significantly contribute to global microplastic pollution, with an estimated annual production of 6 million tonnes. However, the impact of TMPs, particularly tyre and road wear particles (TRWPs), resulting from tyre abrasion on the road on terrestrial organisms, is poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of TMPs and TRWPs on the growth, immune response, behaviour, and cognition of the woodlouse Armadillidium pallasii over 30 days; (2) TMPs and TRWPs were mixed together in the first experiment and provided at different concentrations of 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% (w/w), and with soil at 5% and 10% (w/w) concentrations in the second experiment. (3) No differences in survival or immune responses were observed in both experiments. However, isopods exposed to TRWPs showed significant weight gain at lower concentrations but no gain at higher levels. Behavioural tests revealed increased vigilance in TRWP-exposed animals. Micro-FTIR analysis showed that the number of TMPs and TRWPs in the isopods correlated with soil concentrations, and particle size decreased during the experiment. (4) The study highlights the physiological and behavioural effects of TRWPs and the role of detritivorous species in the biofragmentation of TMPs and TRWPs, contributing to the biogeochemical plastic cycle. © 2024 by the authors.},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85207694527,

title = {Adult young as the fragile ontogenetic stage of the house crickets dietary exposed to GO nanoparticles – digestive enzymes perspective},

author = { A. Babczyńska and M. Tarnawska and K. Czaja and B. Flasz and A.K. Ajay and Ł. Napora-Rutkowski and K. Rozpędek and E. Świerczek and A. Kędziorski and M. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85207694527&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemosphere.2024.143641&partnerID=40&md5=7bc3885c8c6f666f5934e8b1e602e553},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143641},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Chemosphere},

volume = {367},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO) (have promising properties for; electronics; energy; medicine; water purification; agriculture and food production industry. However; their potentially hazardous effects are still not satisfactorily recognized; so they are often included in the group of contaminants of emerging concern. Therefore; the aim of this investigation was to assess the potentially harmful effects of orally administered GO on the digestive enzyme activities of the house crickets Acheta domesticus. The activity of digestive enzymes was measured using the API®ZYM test and the results were compared in relation to the insect age group (Larvae; Adult Young and Adult Mature) and previous selection towards longevity (‘long living’ vs ‘wild’ strains). General analysis; encompassing all digestive enzymes simultaneously; as well as an analysis performed for individual enzyme subgroups; revealed that both factors and their interactions significantly modified the activity of digestive enzymes of A. domesticus. The most pronounced effect was connected with the age factor. The study revealed that the Adult Young age group was the most sensitive; in this group; the activity of digestive enzymes was; in general; decreased in comparison with the control group; while the remaining group did not respond to GO with a similar intensity. In turn; the inter-strain comparisons demonstrated different response patterns to the GO. The control enzymatic activity of the insects from long living’ strain was; in general; higher than in the ‘wild strain’; however; it was significantly decreased in the GO-exposed groups; while in the ‘wild’ strain; the activity remained relatively homogenous. Additionally; the tendency was more pronounced in Adult Young than in the remaining age groups. The potential toxicity of GO requires further investigation; mainly with a focus on the composition and functioning of gut microbiotas. © 2024 The Authors},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85187942660,

title = {Correction to: Towards understanding Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) development: effects of microhabitat variability in naturally growing horse-chestnut tree canopy (International Journal of Biometeorology, (2021), 65, 10, (1647-1658), 10.1007/s00484-021-02119-8)},

author = { P. Łaszczyca and M. Nakonieczny and A. Kędziorski and A. Babczyńska and M. Wiesner},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85187942660&doi=10.1007%2fs00484-024-02656-y&partnerID=40&md5=7cc6e1a67533c0322243f7e545cd757d},

doi = {10.1007/s00484-024-02656-y},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Biometeorology},

volume = {68},

number = {6},

pages = {1233-},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {The article was published with an error in Eq. 3. Where the equation appears as: Logit linear transformation was based on the following formulas (Eqs. 3 and 4) (McDonald 2014): (Formula presented.) The equation should instead appear as: Logit linear transformation was based on the following formulas (Eqs. 3 and 4) (McDonald 2014): (Formula presented.) This correction stands to correct the original article. The original article has been corrected. © The Author(s) 2024.},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85178151628,

title = {Survival, growth and digestive functions after exposure to nanodiamonds - Transgenerational effects beyond contact time in house cricket strains},

author = { M. Augustyniak and A.K. Ajay and A. Kędziorski and M. Tarnawska and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and B. Flasz and A. Babczyńska and B. Mazur and K. Rozpędek and R.S. Alian and M. Skowronek and E. Świerczek and Kl. Wiśniewska and P. Ziętara},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85178151628&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemosphere.2023.140809&partnerID=40&md5=8596e027ee47c37b61120de37d91f704},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140809},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Chemosphere},

volume = {349},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The long-term exposure effects of nanodiamonds (NDs), spanning an organism's entire lifespan and continuing for subsequent generation, remain understudied. Most research has focused on evaluating their biological impacts on cell lines and selected organisms, typically over short exposure durations lasting hours or days. The study aimed to assess growth, mortality, and digestive functions in wild (H) and long-lived (D) strains of Acheta domesticus (Insecta: Orthoptera) after two-generational exposure to NDs in concentrations of 0.2 or 2 mg kg−1 of food, followed by their elimination in the third generation. NDs induced subtle stimulating effect that depended on the strain and generation. In the first generation, more such responses occurred in the H than in the D strain. In the first generation of H strain insects, contact with NDs increased survival, stimulated the growth of young larvae, and the activity of most digestive enzymes in mature adults. The same doses and exposure time did not cause similar effects in the D strain. In the first generation of D strain insects, survival and growth were unaffected by NDs, whereas, in the second generation, significant stimulation of those parameters was visible. Selection towards longevity appears to support higher resistance of the insects to exposure to additional stressor, at least in the first generation. The cessation of ND exposure in the third generation caused potentially harmful changes, which included, e.g., decreased survival probability in H strain insects, slowed growth of both strains, as well as changes in heterochromatin density and distribution in nuclei of the gut cells in both strains. Such a reaction may suggest the involvement of epigenetic inheritance mechanisms, which may become inadequate after the stress factor is removed. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85203158444,

title = {ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF MINING WASTE FROM AN ABANDONED Zn-Pb MINE; [Оцінка токсичності відходів виробництва покинутої цинк-свинцеворудної (Zn-Pb) шахти для навколишнього середовища]},

author = { F. Hamrani and A. Boutaleb and M.O. Hamou and A. Merchichi and A. Bouras and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85203158444&doi=10.33271%2fnvngu%2f2024-4%2f080&partnerID=40&md5=36c2830565d319a2effe1ce24c02e5de},

doi = {10.33271/nvngu/2024-4/080},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu},

number = {4},

pages = {80-85},

publisher = {Natsional'nyi Hirnychyi Universytet},

abstract = {Purpose. To assess the impact of mining waste on the heavy metal content of water surfaces, plants, and topsoil near the tailings dam of a Zn-Pb mine using both biotests and analytical methods. Methodology. A battery of microbiotests on different animal and plant species was carried out, making it possible to evaluate the toxic effect of residues and surrounding soils on living organisms. Furthermore, the possible relationship between the observed toxicity and the results of the physicochemical analysis of the samples was studied. Findings. The tests showed that the topsoil in contact with the tailings dam is slightly toxic to the living organisms used while the mining tailings are toxic or even very toxic. The heavy metal content of the samples is particularly high for Fe, Zn, Pb and Cu. The correlation of physic-chemical parameters and the results of microbiotests using the principal components analysis (PCA) and the multiple correspondence factor analysis (MCFA) indicate that the toxicity of tailings and the surrounding topsoil can be associated with anthropogenic mining activity. Originality. The study aimed to assess the impact of mining waste on the heavy metal content using biotests and analytical methods. The evaluation considers the concentrations of the samples (highly concentrated samples and samples after dilution) and the different phases of exposure (solid; liquid) for a more detailed assessment of the potential toxicity of the samples. Practical value. It is important to conduct a comprehensive assessment of mining waste and the risks it may pose to humans and the environment in order to develop an adequate rehabilitation plan. © Hamrani F., Boutaleb A., Ould Hamou M., Merchichi A., Bouras A., Babczynska A., 2024.},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85180363492,

title = {Adaptation by death? Cell death-based tolerance to cadmium in 150-generation exposure of Spodoptera exiqua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)},

author = { A. Babczyńska and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and A. Kafel and B. Łozowski and M. Augustyniak and M. Tarnawska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85180363492&doi=10.1093%2fee%2fnvad077&partnerID=40&md5=65b08164a16d96d7682214b4d1536977},

doi = {10.1093/ee/nvad077},

issn = {0046225X},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Entomology},

volume = {52},

number = {6},

pages = {1057-1070},

publisher = {Entomological Society of America},

abstract = {Mechanisms, including autophagy and apoptosis, which serve to regulate and ensure proper organism functions under optimal conditions, play additional defensive roles under environmental pressure.The aim of this study was to test the following hypotheses: (i) elevated autophagy and apoptosis intensity levels, as defensive processes in response to contact with cadmium, are maintained for a limited number of generations and (ii) the number of generations after which levels of cell death processes reach the reference level depends on selective pressure. Cell death processes were assessed by light and transmission electron microscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL), and cytometric analyses. Model insects (Spodoptera exiqua; Hübner; 1808) were orally exposed to various concentrations of cadmium for 18 generations and compared with reference strains exposed to cadmium or not (control) for over 150 generations. Elevated programmed cell death intensity levels decreased after several generations, indicating tolerance of individuals to cadmium in the diet and verifying the first hypothesis; however, testing the second hypothesis indicated that the number of generations depended not only on pressure intensity, but also on cell death type, since levels of autophagy remained increased for a minimum of 12 generations. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85169134510,

title = {Multigenerational Effects of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles on Acheta domesticus DNA Stability},

author = { B. Flasz and A.K. Ajay and M. Tarnawska and A. Babczyńska and Ł. Majchrzycki and A. Kędziorski and Ł. Napora-Rutkowski and E. Świerczek and M. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85169134510&doi=10.3390%2fijms241612826&partnerID=40&md5=94952f38d3a2995d15e764932e1dfb79},

doi = {10.3390/ijms241612826},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {24},

number = {16},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {The use of nanoparticles like graphene oxide (GO) in nanocomposite industries is growing very fast. There is a strong concern that GO can enter the environment and become nanopollutatnt. Environmental pollutants’ exposure usually relates to low concentrations but may last for a long time and impact following generations. Attention should be paid to the effects of nanoparticles, especially on the DNA stability passed on to the offspring. We investigated the multigenerational effects on two strains (wild and long-lived) of house cricket intoxicated with low GO concentrations over five generations, followed by one recovery generation. Our investigation focused on oxidative stress parameters, specifically AP sites (apurinic/apyrimidinic sites) and 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine), and examined the global DNA methylation pattern. Five intoxicated generations were able to overcome the oxidative stress, showing that relatively low doses of GO have a moderate effect on the house cricket (8-OHdG and AP sites). The last recovery generation that experienced a transition from contaminated to uncontaminated food presented greater DNA damage. The pattern of DNA methylation was comparable in every generation, suggesting that other epigenetic mechanisms might be involved. © 2023 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85164355155,

title = {Joint cadmium and polypropylene microparticle action in cadmium tolerant model insect},

author = { A. Babczyńska and Mi. Górka and A. Lis and M. Tarnawska and B. Łozowski and J. Brożek and K. Rozpędek and M. Augustyniak and M. Skowronek and A. Kafel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164355155&doi=10.1016%2fj.etap.2023.104209&partnerID=40&md5=fd1f5028f306c019e8d9e70db430f033},

doi = {10.1016/j.etap.2023.104209},

issn = {13826689},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology},

volume = {101},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Microplastic enlisted as a contaminant of emerging concerns in polluted environments interact with “traditional” contaminants such as metals, causing, among others, their increased accumulation in the body. Harmful effects depend on the exposed animals' possible preadaptation and/or cross-tolerance. The project aimed to assess the role of this phenomenon in the limited toxicity of polypropylene fibers (PPf) in 0%, 0.02%, 0.06, 0.18%, 0.54%, and 1.6% of Cd-supplemented food of larvae of Spodoptera exigua multigenerationally selected to cadmium tolerance. The activity of 20 digestive enzymes (API-ZYM test), defensins, and heat shock proteins, HSP70 levels in the exposed groups were used as biomarkers. PPfs caused the increase of Cd accumulation in the body, while intake of polypropylene microfibers did not change the biomarker levels. Moreover, multigenerational Cd pre-exposure, due to increased tolerance of Cd and, possibly, cross-tolerance, prepares the insects for an additional stressor (PPf) alone and in interaction with cadmium. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85147301610,

title = {Combined complementary imaging techniques in morphological analysis of Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus 1759)},

author = { A. Woźnica and J. Karczewski and R. Gwiazda and J. Karcz and T. Bernaś and M. Libera and A. Babczyńska and B. Łozowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147301610&doi=10.1002%2flom3.10534&partnerID=40&md5=11eb042255adfefe285c387664cfd151},

doi = {10.1002/lom3.10534},

issn = {15415856},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Limnology and Oceanography: Methods},

volume = {21},

number = {3},

pages = {141-151},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc},

abstract = {Sponges, like Spongilla lacustris, as filter feeders, play an essential role in water purification in aquatic ecosystems. The body of this demosponge, in general, consists of both organic soft skeleton and a siliceous scaffold. Their construction of the spicule-bundling scaffold as mechanical support for skeletal organic mesohyl seems crucial for filtration efficiency. Understanding the structure of the sponge's biosilica-based scaffold as well as its location within three-dimensional (3D) skeletal construct requires the introduction of effective analytical methods. The investigations focused on the morphology and architecture of skeletal elements of S. lacustris utilizing the combination of X-ray computed microtomography (μCT) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The construction details, surface morphology and chemical composition of the sponge scaffold are presented. μCT provided the reconstructed 3D images of skeleton structures, including longitudinally and transversely oriented bundles of overlapping spicules, forming a ladder-like construction as well as the length, geometric distribution, and the surface of the spicules. Further analyses based on SEM/EDS confirmed the proper identification of the structures and their localization and revealed a high abundance of silicon and a low amount of carbon and oxygen in spicules, high abundance of silicon, carbon and oxygen in layered membranes surrounding the bundles of spicules but predominating carbon in the pinacoderm. Combination of these techniques provides a unique image of the sponge body morphology. Verified set of tools may be used for further analyses of sponge body mechanics. © 2023 Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85168604417,

title = {Immunostimulation of Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Araneae: Theridiidae) in juvenile and adult stages. Immunity reactions to injury with foreign body and Bacillus subtilis infection},

author = { A.E. Czerwonka and M.K. Sawadro and J. Brożek and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85168604417&doi=10.7717%2fpeerj.15337&partnerID=40&md5=34c3fb6f9b9d6e878a091533f1d24521},

doi = {10.7717/peerj.15337},

issn = {21678359},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {PeerJ},

volume = {11},

publisher = {PeerJ Inc.},

abstract = {To assess the immune potential of spiders, in the present study juvenile and adult females of Parasteatoda tepidariorum were exposed to Bacillus subtilis infection, injury by a nylon monofilament and a combination of both. The expression level of selected immune-related genes: defensin 1 (PtDEF1), lysozyme 1 (PtLYS1), lysozyme C (PtLYSC), lysozyme M1 (PtLYSM1), autophagy-related protein 101 (PtATG101), dynamin (PtDYN) and heat shock proteins (HSP70) (PtHSPB; PtHSPB2A; PtHSPB2B), production of lysozyme and HSP70 proteins, and hemocytes viability were measured. The obtained results indicated expression of the lysozyme, autophagy-related protein and HSP70 genes in both ontogenetic stages of P. tepidariorum. It has been also shown that the simultaneous action of mechanical and biological factors causes higher level of lysozyme and HSP70, cell apoptosis intensity and lower level of hemocytes viability than in the case of exposure to a single immunostimulant. Moreover, mature females showed stronger early immune responses compared to juveniles. Copyright 2023 Czerwonka et al.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85145976280,

title = {Age- and Lifespan-Dependent Differences in GO Caused DNA Damage in Acheta domesticus},

author = { B. Flasz and M. Dziewięcka and A.K. Ajay and M. Tarnawska and A. Babczyńska and A. Kędziorski and Ł. Napora-Rutkowski and P. Ziętara and E. Świerczek and M. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145976280&doi=10.3390%2fijms24010290&partnerID=40&md5=5d497b4e9e8b4082341d87d5be39d3d6},

doi = {10.3390/ijms24010290},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {24},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The rising applicability of graphene oxide (GO) should be preceded by detailed tests confirming its safety and lack of toxicity. Sensitivity to GO of immature, or with different survival strategy, individuals has not been studied so far. Therefore, in the present research, we focused on the GO genotoxic effects, examining selected parameters of DNA damage (total DNA damage; double-strand breaks—DSB; 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine-8-OHdG; abasic site—AP sites), DNA damage response parameters, and global methylation in the model organism Acheta domesticus. Special attention was paid to various life stages and lifespans, using wild (H), and selected for longevity (D) strains. DNA damage was significantly affected by stage and/or strain and GO exposure. Larvae and young imago were generally more sensitive than adults, revealing more severe DNA damage. Especially in the earlier life stages, the D strain reacted more intensely/inversely than the H strain. In contrast, DNA damage response parameters were not significantly related to stage and/or strain and GO exposure. Stage-dependent DNA damage, especially DSB and 8-OHdG, with the simultaneous lack or subtle activation of DNA damage response parameters, may result from the general life strategy of insects. Predominantly fast-living and fast-breeding organisms can minimize energy-demanding repair mechanisms. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85131527033,

title = {Does age pay off? Effects of three-generational experiments of nanodiamond exposure and withdrawal in wild and longevity-selected model animals},

author = { M. Augustyniak and A. Babczyńska and M. Dziewięcka and B. Flasz and J. Karpeta-Kaczmarek and A. Kędziorski and B. Mazur and K. Rozpędek and R. Seyed Alian and M. Skowronek and E. Świerczek and A. Świętek and M. Tarnawska and Kl. Wiśniewska and P. Ziętara},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131527033&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemosphere.2022.135129&partnerID=40&md5=a9ef4d24a7c7b03b85af2b6ebf7bc9e4},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135129},

issn = {00456535},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Chemosphere},

volume = {303},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Nanodiamonds (NDs) are considered a material with low toxicity. However, no studies describe the effects of ND withdrawal after multigenerational exposure. The aim was to evaluate ND exposure (in the 1st and 2nd generations) effects at low concentrations (0.2 or 2 mg kg−1) and withdrawal (in the 3rd generation) in the wild (H) and longevity-selected (D) model insect Acheta domesticus. We measured selected oxidative stress parameters, immunity, types of cell death, and DNA damage. Most of the results obtained in the 1st generation, e.g., catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), heat shock proteins (HSP70), defensins, or apoptosis level, confirmed no significant toxicity of low doses of NDs. Interestingly, strain-specific differences were observed. D-strain crickets reduced autophagy, the number of ROS+ cells, and DNA damage. The effect can be a symptom of mobilization of the organism and stimulation of physiological defense mechanisms in long-living organisms. The 2nd-generation D-strain insects fed ND-spiked food at higher concentrations manifested a reduction in CAT, TAC, early apoptosis, and DNA damage, together with an increase in HSP70 and defensins. ROS+ cells and cells with reduced membrane potential and autophagy did not differ significantly from the control. H-strain insects revealed a higher number of ROS+ cells and cells with reduced membrane potential, decreased CAT activity, and early apoptosis. Elimination of NDs from the diet in the 3rd generation did not cause full recovery of the measured parameters. We noticed an increase in the concentration of HSP70 and defensins (H-strain) and a decrease in apoptosis (D-strain). However, the most visible increase was a significant increase in DNA damage, especially in H-strain individuals. The results suggest prolonged adverse effects of NDs on cellular functions, reaching beyond “contact time” with these particles. Unintentional and/or uncontrolled ND pollution of the environment poses a new challenge for all organisms inhabiting it, particularly during multigenerational exposure. © 2022 The Authors},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85135441745,

title = {The spatial structure (3D) and mechanical properties of the sponge Spongilla lacustris L. (Porifera: Spongillida) skeleton as a potential tensegral architecture},

author = { A. Woźnica and J. Karczewski and T. Bernaś and P. Świątek and M. Drab and R. Surma and M. Krzyżowski and B. Łozowski and R. Gwiazda and M. Libera and D. Absalon and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135441745&doi=10.1080%2f24750263.2022.2105964&partnerID=40&md5=d32c8660b692cf631fb930f88c6b6495},

doi = {10.1080/24750263.2022.2105964},

issn = {24750263},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {European Zoological Journal},

volume = {89},

number = {1},

pages = {1002-1017},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {Complex biological systems often provide ready solutions for contemporary engineering. One such organism might be sponges, primitive, tissueless animals whose evolution over 600 million years has allowed them to become highly specialized. An example of such an organism is the freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris L., an organism that filters water. This study aimed to investigate the 3D structure of the aforementioned sponge using a broad spectrum of techniques such as Microcomputed Tomography (µCT), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), and Light Microscopy. Additionally, these techniques have been used to correlate sponge architecture with mechanical properties using the concept of tensegrity, i.e., the feature of architectural structures that self-stabilize by balancing multidirectional, often opposing, tensile and compressive forces. A more detailed look at the structure of the sponge skeleton reveals that it is based on two elements: rigid siliceous spicules, chitin in in fibres with cementing collagen-type spongin material. The coexistence of these elements in the sponge structure determines the mechanical properties and, consequently, the sponge skeleton’s postulated tensegrity. Our observations indicate that the integrity of loose megascleres is realized by sponging material surrounding the bundles of spicules. Our distinction of skeletal elements was determined by the number of spicules in the bundle, the direction of spicule position relative to the main body axis, and the way the elements were connected. The arrangement of the bundles described above has important implications for the mechanical properties of the sponge skeleton and, consequently, for the tensegrity hypothesis. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85128691739,

title = {Microbiome dynamics modeling and analysis in relation to spatio-temporal changes in physicochemical conditions of the water ecosystem},

author = { A. Woźnica and M. Kwaśniewski and K. Chwiałkowska and B. Łozowski and D. Absalon and M. Libera and M. Krzyżowski and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128691739&doi=10.24425%2faep.2022.140542&partnerID=40&md5=62aef1f191ab748b40b4223bc7d4161e},

doi = {10.24425/aep.2022.140542},

issn = {20834772},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Archives of Environmental Protection},

volume = {48},

number = {1},

pages = {18-30},

publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},

abstract = {In this paper, we consider the development of reliable tools to assess the water quality and state of aquatic ecosystems in dynamic conditions a crucial need to address. One of such tools could be devised by monitoring the taxonomic structure of reservoirs’ microbiomes. Microbial taxa’s ecological and metabolic characteristics suggest their essential roles in maintaining the water ecosystem’s environmental equilibrium. The study aimed to explain the role of diversity and seasonal variability of the microbial communities in the ecosystem stability on the example of Goczałkowice Reservoir (Poland). The structure of the reservoir microbiome was studied using bioinformatics and modeling techniques. Water was sampled periodically in July & November 2010, and April 2011 at four representative sites. The abundance and relative fraction of the limnetic taxonomic units were determined in respect to the physicochemical indices. Significant seasonal variations in the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) were observed within the reservoir basin’s main body but not at the main tributary’s mouth. The highest values of the correlation coefficients between OTU and physicochemical variables were obtained for Burkholderiales, Pseudoanabenales, Rickettsiales, Roseiflexales, Methylophilales, Actinomycetales, and Cryptophyta. These microorganisms are proposed as indicators of environmental conditions and water quality. Metataxonomic analyses of the freshwater microbiome in the reservoir, showed that microorganisms constitute conservative communities that undergo seasonal and local changes regarding the relative participation of the identified taxa. Therefore, we propose that monitoring those variations could provide a reliable measure of the state of aquatic ecosystems. © 2022. The Author(s).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85104957867,

title = {Towards understanding Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) development: effects of microhabitat variability in naturally growing horse-chestnut tree canopy},

author = { P. Łaszczyca and M. Nakonieczny and A. Kędziorski and A. Babczyńska and M. Wiesner},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104957867&doi=10.1007%2fs00484-021-02119-8&partnerID=40&md5=2b01bb6369bde5c53f17613274c9d44c},

doi = {10.1007/s00484-021-02119-8},

issn = {00207128},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Biometeorology},

volume = {65},

number = {10},

pages = {1647-1658},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {Dwelling intensity of horse-chestnut miner (Cameraria ohridella) larvae in various leaves insolation and temperature was measured to determine whether this pest’s development follows a predictable pattern or depends more on local microenvironment conditions. Mines growing on leaves of mature host plants (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) in their natural conditions were photographed for two consecutive generations of the pest and in two separated vegetation periods. Apart from meteorological data obtained from the nearest station, the temperature of intact and mined parts of sun-exposed and shaded leaf blades was measured at various daytimes throughout the experiment. Obtained sets of digital data were analysed and combined to model mine area growth as a function of degree-days sum by adopting of Verhulst logistic equation. We showed the predictive potential of our model based on experimental data, and it may be useful in the scheduling of pest control measures in natural conditions. Our analyses also revealed that despite significant differences in microenvironment conditions depending on mines’ insolation, the horse-chestnut miner larvae could partially compensate for them and complete their development at similar endpoints expressed as the cumulative sum of degree-days. We conclude that computer-aided analysis of photographic documentation of leaf-miner larval growth followed by mathematical modelling offers a noninvasive, reliable, and inexpensive alternative for monitoring local leaf-miners populations. © 2021, The Author(s).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85104685733,

title = {Juvenile hormone in spiders. Is this the solution to a mystery?},

author = { A.W. Nicewicz and M.K. Sawadro and Ł. Nicewicz and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104685733&doi=10.1016%2fj.ygcen.2021.113781&partnerID=40&md5=d66bf81af423cb9104dd8a2547668b3d},

doi = {10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113781},

issn = {00166480},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {General and Comparative Endocrinology},

volume = {308},

publisher = {Academic Press Inc.},

abstract = {The juvenile hormone (JH) plays a crucial role in arthropod physiological processes, e.g., the regulation of metamorphosis, development, and reproduction (the vitellogenesis; the development of gonads; egg production). Still, data about this sesquiterpenoid hormone in spiders (Araneae) are rudimentary and equivocal. The presence of the JH or its precursors (e.g. methyl farnesoate) is not confirmed in spiders. The site of synthesis of its is still undetermined. No receptors of the JH are identified in spiders and thus, the molecular mechanism of action of this group of hormones is still unknown. Here we show by using the phylogenetic analysis and qPCR method the presence of the transcript of the enzyme catalyzing the last phase of the JH biosynthesis pathway (epox CYP15A1), the JH receptor (Met), and a possible candidate to the methyl farnesoate receptor (USP) in the various tissues and stages of ontogenesis in both sexes of spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. Our results indicate that the juvenile hormone and/or methyl farnesoate presence is possible in the species of spider P. tepidariorum. The presence of the Ptepox CYP15A1 gene suggests that the main site of the juvenile hormone synthesis can be the integument and not the Schneider organ 2. It also seems that the juvenile hormone and/or methyl farnesoate can be hormones with biological activity due to the presence of the transcript of insect and crustacean JH/MG receptor – Met. The Ptepox CYP15A1, PtMet, and Ptusp expression are sex-, tissue-and time-specific. This study is the first report about the presence of the Ptepox CYP15A1 and PtMet transcripts in the Arachnida, which may indicate the presence of the juvenile hormone and/or methyl farnesoate in spiders. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85092466603,

title = {Phytoplankton production in relation to simulated hydro- and thermodynamics during a hydrological wet year – Goczałkowice reservoir (Poland) case study},

author = { R. Ulańczyk and C. Kliś and B. Łozowski and A. Babczyńska and A. Woźnica and J. Długosz and E. Wilk-Woźniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092466603&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecolind.2020.106991&partnerID=40&md5=083d95fedb5bef14691dbc936291242c},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106991},

issn = {1470160X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Ecological Indicators},

volume = {121},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Phytoplankton is one of the crucial components of water body ecosystems. Its presence and development depend on biological, physical and chemical factors and in consequence it is an important indicator of ecosystem condition. Monitoring of phytoplankton production, measured as chlorophyll a concentration, is a useful tool for assessing the status of dam reservoirs. Modeled chlorophyll a concentrations are used as water quality indicators in locations not included in monitoring systems, in situations when the temporal resolution of the monitoring is not enough, and in assessments of the impacts of future activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find correlations between hydro- and thermodynamics and the chlorophyll a concentration for possible application in reservoir monitoring and management, using an ELCOM-CAEDYM model. The analysis included summer and fall which are most prone to algal blooms, and four phytoplankton groups identified as dominant in the reservoir based on periodic observations. Comparisons of simulated water temperature and both observed and simulated chlorophyll a concentrations confirmed that these variables are significantly correlated (correlation of hourly chlorophyll a and water temperature was 0.70; ranging from 0.55 to 0.81 in the bottom and surface water layers; respectively; while for daily outputs it was 0.74; ranging from 0.60 to 0.83). This relation was stronger than that of chlorophyll a to nutrient (N; P and Si) concentrations. What is more, the method used allowed the assessment of a much more detailed spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton groups compared with conventional monitoring techniques. The study indicated that the phytoplankton community was dominated by Chlorophytes and Diatoms with a larger share of Chlorophytes in shallow parts of the reservoir. This domination was weaker after short water mixing events in summer and especially after the fall turnover. The increase in phytoplankton diversity was estimated to occur mainly near the surface and in shallow parts of the reservoir. Most of the observed concentrations of individual phytoplankton groups differed from simulation results by less than 25% and the model reflected accurately 74% of observed trends in concentrations. Calculated chlorophyll a concentration was well matched to hourly monitoring data (mean squared error = 5.6; Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient = 0.51; Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.72 and p-value = 0.0007). High compatibility of the model to the values measured in the reservoir make it a promising tool for the prediction and planning of actions aimed at maintaining good functioning of the reservoir. © 2020 The Authors},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85102487461,

title = {Stress proteins concentration in caged Cyprinus carpio as a tool to monitor ecological stability in a model dam reservoir},

author = { A. Babczyńska and M. Tarnawska and P. Łaszczyca and P. Migula and B. Łozowski and A. Woźnica and I. Irnazarow and M. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102487461&doi=10.24425%2faep.2021.136452&partnerID=40&md5=5aafdbafbb462de53a29be6faf4a67ef},

doi = {10.24425/aep.2021.136452},

issn = {20834772},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Archives of Environmental Protection},

volume = {47},

number = {1},

pages = {101-111},

publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},

abstract = {Variability of stress proteins concentration in caged carp exposed to transplantation experiment model dam reservoir was caused only by natural (climatic and biological) conditions. Thus, the reference data of stress proteins concentration range in young carp individuals were obtained. Metallothionein, HSP70 and HSP90 protein concentrations as biomarkers were assayed in the livers, gills and muscles of six-month-old (summer) or nine-month-old (autumn) carp individuals in relation to the site of encaging, season (summer or autumn), the term of sampling (1; 2 or 3 weeks after the transplantation) and tissue. Physicochemical analyses of the condition of water as well as pollution detection were conducted during each stage of the experiment. As the result of this study, the range of the variability of the stress protein concentration in young carp individuals was obtained. According to the analyses of the aquatic conditions of a reservoir with no detectable pollutants, we conclude that the variability in the stress protein concentration levels in the groups that were compared is solely the result of the natural conditions. Future regular monitoring of the reservoir using the transplantation method and young carp individuals will be both possible and reliable. Moreover, the range of variability in the stress protein concentrations that were measured in the young C. carpio individuals acquired from the model dam reservoir in relation to all of the studied factors may be applied in the monitoring of any other similar reservoir. © 2021. The Author(s).},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85091907971,

title = {Energy reserves, oxidative stress and development traits of Spodoptera exigua Hübner individuals from cadmium strain},

author = { A. Kafel and A. Babczyńska and A. Zawisza-Raszka and M. Tarnawska and A. Płachetka-Bożek and M. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091907971&doi=10.1016%2fj.envpol.2020.115366&partnerID=40&md5=db2b849cc1b11998281831996100c168},

doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115366},

issn = {02697491},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Pollution},

volume = {268},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Cadmium as a common environmental stressor may exert highly toxic effects on herbivorous insects. The question was whether possible elevation of an oxidative stress and imbalance of energetic reserves in insects may depend on developmental stage, sex and insect population's multigenerational history of exposure to cadmium. So, the aim of this study was to compare of the development traits, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, RSSR to RSH ratio and the concentration of carbohydrates, glycogen, lipids and proteins in whole individuals (larvae or pupae) of Spodoptera exigua originating from two strains: control and selected over 120 generations with sublethal metal concentration (44 Cd mg per dry weight of diet). Generally, the increase of the protein, carbohydrates, glycogen concentration and lipid peroxidation decrease with age of the larvae were found. Revealed cases of a higher mobilisation of carbohydrates and proteins, and changes in total antioxidant capacity or lipid peroxidation, in individuals being under metal exposure, occurred in strain-depended mode. Short-term Cd exposure effect was connected with possible higher engagement of proteins and glycogen in detoxification processes, but also higher concentration of lipid peroxidation. In turn, for long-term Cd exposure effect lower lipids concentration and higher thiols usage seemed to be more specific. © 2020The study shown differences in defence strategies, energetic substances cumulation with development stages between insect pest representatives from strains differed in tolerance to cadmium. © 2020},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85097069721,

title = {Autophagy: a necessary defense against extreme cadmium intoxication in a multigenerational 2D experiment},

author = { A. Babczyńska and A. Nowak and A. Kafel and B. Łozowski and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and M. Tarnawska and M. Augustyniak and M.K. Sawadro and A.E. Molenda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097069721&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-020-78316-z&partnerID=40&md5=7ec842d0f44a16b6784907a0728b2823},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-78316-z},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {Autophagy is a natural process that aims to eliminate malfunctioning cell parts, organelles or molecules under physiological conditions. It is also induced in response to infection, starvation or oxidative stress to provide energy in case of an energy deficit. The aim of this 2-dimensional study was to test if, and if so, how, this process depends on the concentration of cadmium in food (with Cd concentrations from 0 to 352 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)—D1 dimension) and the history of selection pressure (160 vs 20 generations of exposure to Cd—D2 dimension). For the study, the 5th instar larvae of a unique strain of the moth Spodoptera exigua that was selected for cadmium tolerance for 160 generations (44 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)), as well as 20-generation (11; 22 and 44 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)) and control strains, were used. Autophagy intensity was measured by means of flow cytometry and compared with life history parameters: survivability and duration of the 3rd larval stage. The highest values of autophagy markers were found in the groups exposed to the highest Cd concentration and corresponded (with a significant correlation coefficient) to an increased development duration or decreased survivorship in the respective groups. In conclusion, autophagy is probably initiated only if any other defense mechanisms, e.g., antioxidative mechanisms, are not efficient. Moreover, in individuals from pre-exposed populations, the intensity of autophagy is lower. © 2020, The Author(s).},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85088645994,

title = {DNA damage in Spodoptera exigua after multigenerational cadmium exposure - A trade-off between genome stability and adaptation},

author = { M. Augustyniak and M. Tarnawska and M. Dziewięcka and A. Kafel and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088645994&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2020.141048&partnerID=40&md5=8e46a0514984c19ad9d2fba14b49e9bf},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141048},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {745},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Human activity is a serious cause of extensive changes in the environment and a constant reason for the emergence of new stress factors. Thus, to survive and reproduce, organisms must constantly implement a program of adaptation to continuously changing conditions. The research presented here is focused on tracking slow changes occurring in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) caused by multigenerational exposure to sub-lethal cadmium doses. The insects received food containing cadmium at concentrations of 5, 11, 22 and 44 μg per g of dry mass of food. The level of DNA stability was monitored by a comet assay in subsequent generations up to the 36th generation. In the first three generations, the level of DNA damage was high, especially in the groups receiving higher doses of cadmium in the diet. In the fourth generation, a significant reduction in the level of DNA damage was observed, which could indicate that the desired stability of the genome was achieved. Surprisingly, however, in subsequent generations, an alternating increase and decrease was found in DNA stability. The observed cycles of changing DNA stability were longer lasting in insects consuming food with a lower Cd content. Thus, a transient reduction in genome stability can be perceived as an opportunity to increase the number of genotypes that undergo selection. This phenomenon occurs faster if the severity of the stress factor is high but is low enough to allow the population to survive. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85084176121,

title = {Multi-faceted environmental analysis to improve the quality of anthropogenic water reservoirs (Paprocany reservoir case study)},

author = { D. Absalon and M. Matysik and A. Woźnica and B. Łozowski and W. Jarosz and R. Ulańczyk and A. Babczyńska and A. Pasierbiński},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084176121&doi=10.3390%2fs20092626&partnerID=40&md5=cc466385954de533dfd5f2601a334e34},

doi = {10.3390/s20092626},

issn = {14248220},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Sensors (Switzerland)},

volume = {20},

number = {9},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Maintaining good condition of dam reservoirs in urban areas seems increasingly important due to their valuable role in mitigating the effects of global warming. The aim of this study is to analyze possibilities to improve water quality and ecosystem condition of the Paprocany dam reservoir (highly urbanized area of southern Poland) using current data of the water parameters, historical sources, and DPSIR (Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response) and 3D modeling concerning human activity and the global warming effects. In its history Paprocany reservoir overcame numerous hydrotechnical changes influencing its present functioning. Also, its current state is significantly influenced by saline water from the coal mine (5 g L−1 of chlorides and sulphates) and biogenic elements in recreational area (about 70 mg L−1 of chlorate and to 1.9 mg L−1 Kjeldahl nitrogen) and in sediments (222.66 Mg of Kjeldahl nitrogen; 45.65 Mg of P; and 1.03 Mg of assimilable phosphorus). Concluding, the best solutions to improve the Paprocany reservoir water quality comprise: increasing alimentation with water and shortening the water exchange time, restoration of the 19th century water treatment plant, and wetlands and reed bed area revitalization. The study also proved the applicability of mathematical models in planning of the actions and anticipating their efficiency. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85082146757,

title = {Consequences of rapid development owing to cohort splitting: Just how costly is it to hurry?},

author = { Z. Rádai and J. Kiss and A. Babczyńska and G. Kardos and F. Báthori and F. Samu and Z. Barta},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082146757&doi=10.1242%2fjeb.219659&partnerID=40&md5=f2c4b35a213768293a0c1cf20a173f43},

doi = {10.1242/jeb.219659},

issn = {00220949},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},

volume = {223},

number = {6},

publisher = {Company of Biologists Ltd},

abstract = {In cohort splitting, diverging sub-cohorts may show substantial differences in their growth and developmental rates. Although in the past, causes and adaptive value of cohort splitting were studied in detail, individual-level consequences of cohort splitting are still rather overlooked. Life history theory predicts that considerably increased growth and developmental rates should be traded off against other costly life history traits. However, it is not clear whether one should expect such associations in adaptive developmental plasticity scenarios, because natural selection might have promoted genotypes that mitigate those potential costs of rapid development. To address these contrasting propositions, we assessed life history traits in thewolf spider Pardosa agrestis, both collected from natural habitat and reared in laboratory. We found that some traits are negatively associated with developmental rates in spiders collected from the wild, but these associations were relaxed to a considerable extent in laboratory-reared specimens. In general, we observed no consistent trend for the presence of developmental costs, although some resultsmight suggest higher relative fecundity costs in rapidly developing females. Our study provides a detailed approach to the understanding of individual-level consequences of cohort splitting, and to the associations between key life history traits in adaptive developmental plasticity scenarios. © 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85078676350,

title = {The short-chain fatty acids as potential protective agents against Callosobruchus maculatus infestation},

author = { M. Krzyżowski and J. Francikowski and B. Baran and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078676350&doi=10.1016%2fj.jspr.2020.101570&partnerID=40&md5=13712bbc0f197facfc6c5a57afa57c5b},

doi = {10.1016/j.jspr.2020.101570},

issn = {0022474X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Stored Products Research},

volume = {86},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus, is one of the most common pests of stored legumes. Its occurrence adversely affects the quality of stored beans, making them unfit for consumption, resulting in substantial financial losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential insecticidal properties of the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (C1 – C5) and their influence on the insect's physiology and behavior. All VFAs in concentrations equal to 4 μl and 8 μl showed fumigant toxicity significantly higher from the control. The strongest effect was observed in the case of propionic and valeric acid in volume of 4 μl and 8 μl, where mortality was close to 100%. Except for butyric acid, all acids showed a significant repellent effect. Additionally, all VFAs significantly decreased the number of infested beans and influenced the locomotor activity. Of all tested acids only the formic acid did not affect the oxygen consumption of the insects. As the studied VFAs have noteworthy properties against C. maculatus, they could be considered as promising agents in new strategies for stored products pest management. © 2020 The Authors},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85072585985,

title = {Freshwater alien species Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) - A possible model for bioaccumulation of heavy metals},

author = { A. Spyra and A. Cieplok and M. Strzelec and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072585985&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoenv.2019.109703&partnerID=40&md5=168ce730e37013c197802ec6cd528950},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109703},

issn = {01476513},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},

volume = {185},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {In this study we focused on Physella acuta, an alien snail species in order to determine their ability of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in their shells, bodies, the difference in accumulation in relation to age classes, and the influence of ecological variables on the community composition and density. On the basis of the results of ecological, toxicological, and experimental analyses we aimed to study the potential invasive features of P. acuta in comparision with the native species Stagnicola palustris. The content of Cu and Zn in the substratum and ammonia in the water was strongly related to the patterns of distribution of P. acuta. The content of Cd, Pb, and Cu in the shell fraction was always significantly lower than in the body fraction. A comparison of accumulation with respect to the size classes of P. acuta indicated that the lowest metal concentration in the body was typical for the largest individuals, except for Zn. Metal content in the bodies of the native species did not differ from the content measured in their analogous group of the largest individuals of P. acuta. The lowest value of bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was found for the large class of specimens of this species for each metal. A distinct decrease in the value of BAF in relation to the size of snails was found for cadmium. A 100% hatching success found in masses collected from pond confirmed the high reproductive potential of P. acuta which can be a factor that promotes its invasive features following its ability to occur in very high densities, but not necessarily the ability of metal accumulation in the body. Physella acuta can be used as a model organism in the studies on the accumulation of heavy metals however, the extend of accumulation can differ among the age classes. Because of the high tolerance of P. acuta to heavy metal pollution, in the future this species can be found in significantly polluted habitats, inhabiting free ecological niches, and occurring in high densities in snail communities. © 2019 The Authors},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85068259796,

title = {Protective role of zinc in Spodoptera exigua larvae under 135-generational cadmium exposure},

author = { M. Tarnawska and A. Babczyńska and K. Hassa and A. Kafel and A. Płachetka-Bożek and J. Augustyniak and M. Dziewięcka and B. Flasz and M. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068259796&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemosphere.2019.06.209&partnerID=40&md5=f08e57e4cdd129a976f96151aaf01fb5},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.209},

issn = {00456535},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Chemosphere},

volume = {235},

pages = {785-793},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate whether zinc supplementation modulates cadmium toxicity in the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua selected for 135 generations towards cadmium tolerance. To achieve this, larvae originating from three laboratory populations of S. exigua (control strain - C; cadmium-intoxicated for 135 generations strain - Cd; and control strain intoxicated with Cd for 1 generation - CCd) were additionally exposed to zinc in three concentrations (Zn1; 400 μg Zn·g−1 dry mass of food; Zn2; 200 μg Zn·g−1 dry mass of food; Zn3; 100 μg Zn·g−1 dry mass of food). As the markers of toxicity, a life history traits (the duration of L4 and L5 stages), cellular (DNA damage indices) and biochemical parameters (ADP/ATP ratio and ATP and HSP70 concentrations) were chosen. The duration of larval stages of Zn supplemented larvae was prolonged, while cellular and biochemical indicators, in general, appeared to be lower in comparison to the insects from respective reference groups in each laboratory populations. Moreover, the range of the differences depended on zinc concentration in food. We can suspect that zinc supplementation contributed to the protection of S. exigua individuals against negative effects of cadmium intoxication, probably at the cost of growth rate. Significant differences in the response pattern between insects from different laboratory populations indicate that the influence of additional stress factors is dependent on the overall condition of animals and their previous adaptation to other stressors. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85072033202,

title = {Expression profile of genes encoding allatoregulatory neuropeptides in females of the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Araneae, Theridiidae)},

author = { M.K. Sawadro and A.W. Bednarek and A.E. Molenda and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072033202&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0222274&partnerID=40&md5=b3459604eeb690b8b74162b989c2d9d3},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0222274},

issn = {19326203},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {14},

number = {9},

publisher = {Public Library of Science},

abstract = {Allatoregulatory neuropeptides are multifunctional proteins that take part in the synthesis and secretion of juvenile hormones. In insects, allatostatins are inhibitors of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the corpora allata while allatotropins, act as stimulators. By quantitative real-time PCR, we analyzed the gene expression of allatostatin A (PtASTA), allatostatin B (PtASTB), allatostatin C (PtASTC), allatotropin (PtAT) and their receptors (PtASTA-R; PtASTB-R; PtASTC-R; PtAT-R) in various tissues in different age groups of female spiders. In the presented manuscript, the presence of allatostatin A, allatostatin C, and allatotropin are reported in females of the spider P. tepidariorum. The obtained results indicated substantial differences in gene expression levels for allatoregulatory neuropeptides and their receptors in the different tissues. Additionally, the gene expression levels also varied depending on the female age. Strong expression was observed coinciding with sexual maturation in the neuroendocrine and nervous system, and to a lower extent in the digestive tissues and ovaries. Reverse trends were observed for the expression of genes encoding the receptors of these neuropeptides. In conclusion, our study is the first hint that the site of synthesis and secretion is fulfilled by similar structures as observed in other arthropods. In addition, the results of the analysis of spider physiology give evidence that the general functions like regulation of the juvenile hormone synthesis, regulation of the digestive tract and ovaries action, control of vitellogenesis process by the neuropeptides seem to be conserved among arthropods and are the milestone to future functional studies. © 2019 Sawadro et al.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85064267438,

title = {Microevolution or wide tolerance? Level of stress proteins in the beet armyworm Spodoptera eqigua hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to cadmium for over 150 generations},

author = { M. Tarnawska and A. Kafel and M. Augustyniak and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064267438&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoenv.2019.04.017&partnerID=40&md5=5f3adb3246bf4dcbd5777ca3f52fe722},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.017},

issn = {01476513},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},

volume = {178},

pages = {1-8},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate whether the cadmium tolerance developed in the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua selected for over 150 generations may be related to synthesis of the stress proteins metallothioneins (Mts) and 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70). To achieve this, six S. exigua strains (control; k), 150-generation Cd exposure strain (cd), and four 18-generation Cd exposure strains differing in Cd concentration (cd44; cd22; cd11; cd5) were reared. Stress protein level was measured in the midgut of the 5th larval stage after 1–6, 12 and 18 generations. Cd contents was measured in the pupae. Unlike Cd concentration, which depended on metal contents in food but was not generation-dependent, the pattern of Mts and HSP70 concentrations changed in experimental strains from generation to generation. Stress protein levels in the insects exposed to the highest Cd concentration (the same as in the 150-generation Cd exposure strain), initially higher than in the control strain, after the 12th generation did not differ from the level measured in the control strains. It seems therefore that stress proteins play a protective role in insects of lower tolerance to cadmium. The tolerance developed during multigenerational exposure probably relies on mechanisms other than Mt and HSP70 synthesis. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85066086872,

title = {Physiological and behavioral effects of different concentrations of diatomaceous earth on common stored product pest Callosobruchus maculatus},

author = { M. Krzyżowski and J. Francikowski and B. Baran and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066086872&doi=10.1016%2fj.jspr.2019.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=463e91e3a5a4fb5331b73f703795bed5},

doi = {10.1016/j.jspr.2019.05.004},

issn = {0022474X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Stored Products Research},

volume = {82},

pages = {110-115},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The presented research focuses on the assessment of the changes in the behavioral and physiological parameters of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), treated with amorphous diatomaceous earth (DE)(Perma- Guard™). During the experiments, parameters such as stimulated and spontaneous locomotor activity, oxygen consumption and fecundity were tested. Increasing DE concentration caused significant inhibition in both oxygen consumption and locomotor activity. Moreover, the treated insects had significantly lower fecundity, due to decreased egg laying, lower number of infested beans as well as lowered hatchability. By limiting the progeny number, DE possibly prevents or at least reduces the size of the C. maculatus outbreak. Additionally, scanning electron microscope (SEM)micrographs revealed that DE particles accumulate especially in joints or hairy regions of the insect body close to the sensilla. This, along with data on locomotor activity, indicates a possible presence of additional, previously undescribed, mode of DE action - as an irritant. In conclusion, the presented results contribute to the understanding of the insecticidal activity of DE and provide novel data on the potential application of oxygen consumption as a pesticide efficiency marker. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85062391000,

title = {Immune response of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) exposed to a mixture of sewage chemicals},

author = { M. Tarnawska and M. Augustyniak and P. Łaszczyca and P. Migula and I. Irnazarow and M. Krzyżowski and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062391000&doi=10.1016%2fj.fsi.2019.02.049&partnerID=40&md5=d42712874f989fa17f5c77ff077e7bc5},

doi = {10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.049},

issn = {10504648},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Fish and Shellfish Immunology},

volume = {88},

pages = {17-27},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {Pharmaceuticals and household chemicals are important components of municipal sewage. Many of them are biologically active, disrupting not only hormonal regulation of aquatic animals but also, indirectly, disturbing their immunological protection. In the environment, chemicals rarely act as individual substances, but as elements of mixtures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to check whether the acute laboratory exposure of common carp juveniles to a mixture of ibuprofen, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 17 α-ethynylestradiol in increasing concentrations, modifies the levels of innate immunity (lysozyme; C-reactive protein) as well as general stress (metallothioneins; heat shock proteins HSP70) markers in brain, liver, gills, spleen and mucus. The levels of the markers were measured by an immunodetection technique. Not only do the pharmaceuticals and household chemicals impair immunological reactions of young carp in various tissues but also do that in a concentration-dependent manner in the liver, gills, spleen and mucus. This has a very important implication, since it may result in higher sensitivity of young fish to pathogens due to energy allocation to defence processes. The comparisons of the pattern of stress reactions in the studied organ samples indicated that mucus appeared to be a good, non-invasive material for monitoring of environmental state and fish conditions. © 2019},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85062642179,

title = {Vitellogenins in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum-expression profile and putative hormonal regulation of vitellogenesis},

author = { A.W. Bednarek and M.K. Sawadro and Ł. Nicewicz and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062642179&doi=10.1186%2fs12861-019-0184-x&partnerID=40&md5=87a65627077632c4231adeab245b0a00},

doi = {10.1186/s12861-019-0184-x},

issn = {1471213X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {BMC Developmental Biology},

volume = {19},

number = {1},

publisher = {BioMed Central Ltd.},

abstract = {Background: Knowledge about vitellogenesis in spiders is rudimentary. Therefore, the aim of study was to check the vitellogenin (Vg) presence in various tissues of the female spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum, determine when and where vitellogenesis starts and takes place, and the putative role of selected hormones in the vitellogenesis. Results: Here we show two genes encoding Vg (PtVg4 and PtVg6) in the genome of the spider P. tepidariorum. One gene PtVg4 and three subunits of Vg (250 kDa; 47 kDa and 30 kDa) are expressed in the midgut glands, ovaries and hemolymph. Heterosynthesis of the Vg in the midgut glands and autosynthesis in the ovaries were observed. Vitellogenesis begins in the last nymphal stage in the midgut glands (heterosynthesis). However, after sexual maturity is reached, Vg is also synthesized in the ovaries (autosynthesis). Changes in the PtVg4 expression level and in the Vg concentration after treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone, a juvenile hormone analog (fenoxycarb) and an antijuvenoid compound (precocene I) were observed. Therefore, we propose a hypothetical model for the hormonal regulation of vitellogenesis in P. tepidariorum. Conclusions: Our results are the first comprehensive study on spider vitellogenesis. In our opinion, this work will open discussion on the evolutionary context of possible similarities in the hormonal control of vitellogenesis between P. tepidariorum and other arthropods as well as their consequences. © 2019 The Author(s).},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85059397351,

title = {Sterile capsule–egg cocoon covering constitutes an antibacterial barrier for spider parasteatoda tepidariorum embryos},

author = { A. Babczyńska and S. Sułowicz and E. Talik and M. Hermyt and A.W. Bednarek and M.K. Sawadro and A.E. Molenda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059397351&doi=10.1086%2f701390&partnerID=40&md5=504d488f8cd07d799193cae0ca37d632},

doi = {10.1086/701390},

issn = {15222152},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Physiological and Biochemical Zoology},

volume = {92},

number = {1},

pages = {115-124},

publisher = {University of Chicago Press},

abstract = {Coexistence of organisms and pathogens has resulted in the evolution of efficient antimicrobial defense, especially at the embryonic stage. This investigation aimed to substantiate the hypothesis that the layers of silk in a spider cocoon play a role in the immunity of the embryos against microorganisms present in the external environment. A two-step interdisciplinary attempt has been made. First, the eggs and empty cocoons of the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum were incubated on lysogeny broth agar media for 3 d. In the samples of eggs, no growth of bacteria was detected. This indicated that the eggs inside cocoons were sterile. Therefore, in the second step, the cocoons and egg surface were analyzed using SEM, TEM, and LM. The obtained images demonstrated that both inner and outer layers of the silk are built of threads of the same diameter, set in an irregular manner, and randomly clustered into groups. Thethreadsintheouterlayerwerepackedmoredenselythan in the inner one. TEM analysis revealed threads of two types of fibrils and their arrangement. The resultant thread tangle of the cocoon, possibly correlated with the ultrastructure of the fibers, seems to be an example of a structure-function relationship playing a crucial ecoimmunological role in spider embryonic development. © 2018 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85031894354,

title = {Cross tolerance in beet armyworm: long-term selection by cadmium broadens tolerance to other stressors},

author = { M. Augustyniak and M. Tarnawska and A. Babczyńska and A. Kafel and A. Zawisza-Raszka and B. Adamek and A. Płachetka-Bożek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031894354&doi=10.1007%2fs10646-017-1865-5&partnerID=40&md5=17ff4c7a2acb645b6758e1bf3f98a15d},

doi = {10.1007/s10646-017-1865-5},

issn = {09639292},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology},

volume = {26},

number = {10},

pages = {1408-1418},

publisher = {Springer New York LLC},

abstract = {Long lasting exposure of animals to stressing factor may lead to the selection of population able to cope with the stressor at lower cost than unexposed individuals. The aim of this study was to assess whether 130-generational selection of a beet armyworm to cadmium in food might have induced tolerance also to other stressors. The potential tolerance was assessed by means of unspecific stress markers: HSP70 concentration, DNA damage level, and energy budget indices in L5 larval instars of beet armyworm. The animals originated from Cd-exposed and control strains exposed additionally in a short-term experiment to high/low temperature or pesticide—spinosad. The application of the additional stressors caused, in general, an increase in the levels of studied parameters, in a strain-dependent manner. The most significant increase was found in HSP70 level in the individuals from the Cd-strain exposed to various spinosad concentration. Therefore, multigenerational contact with cadmium caused several changes that enable the insect to survive under a chronic stress, preparing the organism to the contact with an additional, new stressor. This relationship may be described as a sort of cross tolerance. This may, possibly, increase the probability of population survivorship and, at the same time, decrease the efficiency of pesticide-based plant protection efforts. © 2017, The Author(s).},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85017643883,

title = {The current state of knowledge on the neuroactive compounds that affect the development, mating and reproduction of spiders (Araneae) compared to insects},

author = { M.K. Sawadro and A.W. Bednarek and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017643883&doi=10.1007%2fs10158-017-0197-8&partnerID=40&md5=61d39a3ae8395a4cefddc90d7d6c130e},

doi = {10.1007/s10158-017-0197-8},

issn = {13542516},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Invertebrate Neuroscience},

volume = {17},

number = {2},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {The neuroendocrine system of insects, including the presence of the main neuroactive compounds, and their role in ontogenesis are probably best understood of all the arthropods. Development, metamorphosis, the maturation of the gonads, vitellogenesis and egg production are regulated by hormones (juvenile hormones; ecdysteroids) and neuropeptides. However, knowledge about their presence and functions in spiders is fragmentary. In this paper, we present a summary of the current data about the juvenile hormones, ecdysteroids and neuropeptides in selected groups of arthropods, with particular emphasis on spiders. This is the first article that takes into account the occurrence, action and role of hormones and neuropeptides in spiders. In addition, the suggestions for possible ways to study these compounds in Araneomorphae spiders are unique and cannot be found in the arachnological literature. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84999759002,

title = {Phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic or genetic modifications in relation to the duration of Cd-exposure within a microevolution time range in the beet armyworm},

author = { M. Augustyniak and A. Płachetka-Bożek and A. Kafel and A. Babczyńska and M. Tarnawska and A. Janiak and A. Loba and M. Dziewięcka and J. Karpeta-Kaczmarek and A. Zawisza-Raszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84999759002&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0167371&partnerID=40&md5=71387ac76e18d04e4111760b53546841},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0167371},

issn = {19326203},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {11},

number = {12},

publisher = {Public Library of Science},

abstract = {In the case of the pests inhabiting metal polluted or fields where the use of pesticides is common, a natural selection of resistant individuals can occur. This may pose serious problems for humans, agriculture, as well as the economies of many countries. In this study, the hypothesis that multigenerational (120 generations) exposure to cadmium of a beet armyworm population could be a selecting factor toward a more efficient DNA protection was verified. The hemocytes of individuals from two culture strains (control and Cd-exposed) were treated with H2O2 (a DNA-damaging agent) or PBS (reference). The level of DNA damage was assessed using the Comet assay immediately and 5, 15 and 30 min. after the treatment. The immediate result of the contact with H2O2 was that the level of DNA damage in the hemocytes of the insects from both strains increased significantly. However, in the cells of the Cd-exposed individuals, the level of DNA damage decreased over time, while in the cells from the control insects it remained at the same level with no evidence of repair. These results suggest that efficient defense mechanisms may exist in the cells of insects that have prolonged contact with cadmium. Some evolutionary and trade-off aspects of the phenomenon are discussed. In a wider context, comparing the results obtained in the laboratory with field studies may be beneficial for understanding basic mechanisms of the resistance of an organism. To summarize, the high potential for the repair of DNA damage that was observed in the insects from the cadmium strain may confirm the hypothesis that multigenerational exposure to that metal may possibly contribute to the selection of insects that have a wider tolerance to oxidative stress. However, our investigations of polymorphism using AFLP did not reveal differences between the two main insect strains. © 2016 Augustyniak et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},

note = {23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84964982084,

title = {Modulation of the response to stress factors of Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae) spiders living in contaminated environments},

author = { A.W. Bednarek and M.K. Sawadro and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964982084&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoenv.2016.04.027&partnerID=40&md5=3acc5c7721a4bae4bbe19d5705cf3eba},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.027},

issn = {01476513},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},

volume = {131},

pages = {1-6},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {The rapid development of industry has caused widespread pollution in the environment, which has a negative impact on living organisms. Spiders belong to the group of animals that can exist in these anthropogenically changed areas. This is probably due to the development of tolerance mechanisms in these organisms. The impact of long-term pollution on the development of the pre-adaptation to various stress factors in spiders is unknown. In this paper, we show that living in polluted areas affects the modulation of the response to other stress factors through changes in the Hsp70 level. We observed a positive reaction to heat shock in all of the experimental groups, which was expressed by an increase in Hsp70 synthesis compared to the control. The analysis of the protein level, which was a manifestation of the pre-adaptation, was dependent on the degree of pollution on the study sites, the sexes and the type of bioassay that was performed. Our results demonstrate the reaction of spiders living in contaminated areas to the presence of additional stressors. We anticipate our results will be another voice in the discussion on the use of Hsp70 as a stress biomarker in environmental biomonitoring. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84908573895,

title = {X-ray microtomography for imaging of developing spiders inside egg cocoons},

author = { A. Babczyńska and M. Binkowski and A.W. Bednarek and S. Ogierman and D. Cibura and P. Migula and G. Wilczek and E. Szulińska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908573895&doi=10.1016%2fj.asd.2014.09.002&partnerID=40&md5=8f57e2706ecf9e444ced1c2efa9f0a1c},

doi = {10.1016/j.asd.2014.09.002},

issn = {14678039},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Arthropod Structure and Development},

volume = {43},

number = {6},

pages = {595-603},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Embryogenesis is especially sensitive to external factors. The changes in its course are often used as biomarkers of environmental impact. Since spider embryogenesis takes place inside cocoons, it is crucial to find a reliable tool to analyze this developmental phase with no intrusion into the cocoons. The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of X-ray microtomography for non-invasive analysis of embryonic morphology and egg quantity in the cocoons of Xerolycosa nemoralis and Agelena labyrinthica from polluted and reference sites. X-ray microtomography slice images as well as 3D images and animations obtained from digital visualization of those slides were used to study the morphology of embryos and egg arrangement in the cocoons. Any disorders in embryogenesis or malformation of embryos in relation to site of origin have not been found, but inside an egg cocoon of X.nemoralis from the polluted site embryos differing form each other by one developmental stage were identified. Egg calculation revealed a K- reproductive strategy of X.nemoralis from polluted sites. Finally, future prospects and benefits, and weaknessess of this method for the study of spider cocoons have presented. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84893176120,

title = {Apoptotic and necrotic changes in the midgut glands of the wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae) in response to starvation and dimethoate exposure},

author = { G. Wilczek and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and P. Wilczek and A. Babczyńska and E. Szulińska and L. Sonakowska and M. Marek-Swedzioł},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893176120&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoenv.2013.09.034&partnerID=40&md5=b3fbd74af84e674bc32ed8f57abf0e60},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.034},

issn = {01476513},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},

volume = {101},

number = {1},

pages = {157-167},

abstract = {In the present study, the intensity of degenerative changes (apoptosis; necrosis) in the cells of the midgut glands of male and female wolf spiders, Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae), exposed to natural (starvation) and anthropogenic (the organophosphorous pesticide dimethoate) stressors under laboratory conditions were compared. The spiders were collected from two differentially polluted sites, both located in southern Poland: Katowice-Welnowiec, which is heavily polluted with metals, and Pilica, the reference site. Starvation and dimethoate treatment resulted in enhancement of apoptotic and necrotic changes in the midgut glands of the spiders. The frequency of degenerative changes in starving individuals was twice as high as in the specimens intoxicated with dimethoate. The percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cells was higher in starving males than in starving females. A high intensity of necrotic changes, together with increased Cas-3 like activity and a greater percentage of cells with depolarized mitochondria, were typical of starving males from the polluted site. The cell death indices observed in females depended more strongly on the type of stressor than on previous preexposure to pollutants. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {28},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84872858970,

title = {Antioxidative responses in females and males of the spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae) exposed to natural and anthropogenic stressors},

author = { G. Wilczek and A. Babczyńska and P. Wilczek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872858970&doi=10.1016%2fj.cbpc.2012.10.005&partnerID=40&md5=572a7a482f2917003715d1a6fcbbb7e5},

doi = {10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.10.005},

issn = {15320456},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - C Toxicology and Pharmacology},

volume = {157},

number = {2},

pages = {119-131},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The aim of this study was to assess the intensity of enzymatic antioxidative parameters [i.e.; superoxide dismutase (SOD); catalase (CAT); and the glutathione peroxidases each selene dependent; GPOX or selene independent; including GSTPx; glutathione S-transferase; and GST] and non-enzymatic antioxidative parameters [i.e.; glutathione total (GSH-t); the heat shock proteins of Hsp70; and metallothioneins (Mt)] in the midgut glands of female and male wolf spiders Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae) exposed to natural stressors (i.e.; heat shock and starvation) and anthropogenic stressors (i.e.; the organophosphorous pesticide dimethoate) under laboratory conditions. The spiders were collected from two differentially polluted sites both localized in southern Poland: Olkusz, which is heavily polluted with metals, and Pilica, the reference site. In response to the stressing factors, increases in Hsp70 levels, in the concentrations of total glutathione and in the activity levels of glutathione-dependent enzymes (GPOX; GSTPx; and GST) were found in the midgut glands of males. In the females, high levels of activity of CAT and SOD were revealed, as well as an increased percentage of Mt-positive cells. Preexposed females, in comparison to the individuals from the reference site, responded with increased SOD activity, irrespective of the stressing factor. In contrast, the changes in the antioxidative parameters in the midgut glands of male X. nemoralis seem to reflect a short-term reaction to the applied stressors and do not confirm the effects of long-term selection in a polluted environment. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84864504690,

title = {The reproductive potential of the spiders Agelena labyrinthica and Xerolycosa nemoralis from areas contaminated with metals},

author = { A. Babczyńska and G. Wilczek and E. Szulińska and A. Kędziorski and I. Franiel and P. Migula},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864504690&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2012.06.102&partnerID=40&md5=79b4edc840dd10b8ed2c4b4feb3386e5},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.102},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {435-436},

pages = {374-379},

abstract = {Spiders successfully colonize industrially contaminated environments and maintain relatively stable populations. The aim of this study was to explain the reproductive strategies of two spider species, Xerolycosa nemoralis (an actively hunting; sit-and-pursue predator) and Agelena labyrinthica (a web. -building; sit-and-wait predator), between contaminated and uncontaminated sites. Spiders were collected from a reference site (Pilica) and two contaminated sites (Olkusz and Welnowiec). The amount of energy allocated to the eggs and the number of eggs and hatchlings as well as the hatching success were compared. Wolf spiders from the contaminated sites produced fewer but relatively energy-rich eggs, whereas web-building spiders invested their energy in the production of a higher number of less energy-rich eggs. The comparisons of the hatching percentages suggested that in the contaminated habitats, X. nemoralis achieve a hatching success similar to or higher than that of the reference population at Pilica. A. labyrinthica in the contaminated sites invested a larger amount of energy in eggs than at the reference site, but the hatching success found for this species in the contaminated areas was lower than that found at the reference site. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-80052450764,

title = {The growth and reproductive effort of Betula pendula Roth in a heavy-metals polluted area},

author = { I. Franiel and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052450764&partnerID=40&md5=7ad8e512f37502ba08de1337f3618d94},

issn = {12301485},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Polish Journal of Environmental Studies},

volume = {20},

number = {4},

pages = {1097-1101},

abstract = {Effects of environmental conditions on the distribution of resources between generative and vegetative reproduction were considered in relation to several theories. Our objective was to study the effects of heavy pollution-induced habitat deterioration on the growth and reproduction of Betula pendula Roth trees. The length of vegetative short shoots of the birch, the chlorophyll concentration in leaves, and the reproductive effort were studied for the most polluted site - a zinc-lead dump in Welnowiec (the district of the city of Katowice) and the control site in the village of Smoleń near the town of Pilica. All the plant samples were collected from 10 microhabitats categorized on the basis of different levels of heavy metal concentrations in the topsoil. The length of the vegetative short shoots was greater than that of the trees growing at the control site. The same increasing tendency was observed in chlorophyll concentrations. The somatic cost of reproduction in Betula pendula was higher for the polluted site, presumably owing to both more intensive generative reproduction and resource limitations in the unfavorable environments.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79961129533,

title = {Quantitative immunodetection of metallothioneins in relation to metals concentration in spiders from variously polluted areas},

author = { A. Babczyńska and G. Wilczek and E. Szulińska and I. Franiel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79961129533&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoenv.2011.05.019&partnerID=40&md5=5f2442c3abb029fe1da769a9913cbba8},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.05.019},

issn = {01476513},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},

volume = {74},

number = {6},

pages = {1498-1503},

abstract = {Spiders inhabiting post industrial environments, such as waste heaps or ore-bearing areas, are exposed to high concentrations of metals, accumulated in the body of their prey and transferred along food chains. Therefore spiders are pressed to develop metal-neutralization strategies. Low-molecular, multifunction proteins: metallothioneins (MTs), often postulated as biomarkers of metal exposure, are known to bind metals and thus protect organisms against their toxic effects. Yet the proteins are still not well recognized in spiders. The aim of this study was to assess, by immunodetection method, ELISA, the concentration of metallothioneins in adult females of three web building spider species: Araneus diadematus (Araneidae), Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae) from three variously polluted areas in southern Poland: Olkusz, ore-bearing post industrial site; Katowice-Welnowiec: post metallurgic waste heap, Pilica: the reference, rural, area. The concentration of metallothioneins has been analyzed in relation to the metal concentration in spiders body. The study gives the evidence that metallothioneins are reliably detectable by means of ELISA technique. The analysis of results obtained shows a strong species-dependence of the MTs level. Positive correlations between MTs concentration and metal body burden (mainly Zn and Pb) were found. This suggests that the proteins play an important role in the neutralization and regulation of metal ions in spiders. The same correlation indicate the possibility to consider MTs in spiders as biomarkers of metal exposure and effects. However, the species specificity as well as metal characteristics should be taken under account. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {20},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79960965309,

title = {Oxidative stress in newly-hatched Chorthippus brunneus-the effects of zinc treatment during diapause, depending on the female's age and its origins},

author = { M. Augustyniak and A. Babczyńska and M.G. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960965309&doi=10.1016%2fj.cbpc.2011.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=95eee9ed4b905494321a08cbc6523ae5},

doi = {10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.05.004},

issn = {15320456},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - C Toxicology and Pharmacology},

volume = {154},

number = {3},

pages = {172-179},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The responses of glutathione, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and catalase (CAT) were determined in 1-day-old larvae of Chorthippus brunneus Thunberg, 1815, a grasshopper exposed to zinc during diapause, from unpolluted (Pilica) or polluted (Olkusz; Szopienice) sites. The aim of the work was to search for differences among populations of the insects as a result of various multistress pressures in their habitats. The question of zinc toxicity in the context of energy allocation was also considered. Zinc caused a decrease in glutathione concentration in the body of zinc-treated larvae. Significant differences between control and zinc-treated groups were confirmed for young females' progeny from Pilica and Olkusz as well as old females' progeny from Olkusz. GSTs activity was generally not influenced by zinc. It is possible that GSTs were not the most important target of zinc action. On the contrary, the influence of zinc on CAT activity was found. The increase in CAT activity after zinc treatment was similar for all studied populations. An increase in CAT activity after zinc exposure seems to be the most universal reaction. CAT activity in zinc-treated grasshoppers may explain the mechanism of zinc toxicity based on reactive oxygen forms generation. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79960955274,

title = {Metallothioneins and energy budget indices in cadmium and copper exposed spiders Agelena labyrinthica in relation to their developmental stage, gender and origin},

author = { A. Babczyńska and G. Wilczek and P. Wilczek and E. Szulińska and I. Witas},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960955274&doi=10.1016%2fj.cbpc.2011.05.001&partnerID=40&md5=48cd98709a9efeedcae519104b3090ec},

doi = {10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.05.001},

issn = {15320456},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - C Toxicology and Pharmacology},

volume = {154},

number = {3},

pages = {161-171},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The aim of our studies was to explain the role of metallothioneins (MTs) in the neutralization of excessive amounts of metals (essential: copper (Cu) and toxic: cadmium (Cd)) and to describe the energy status in metal-exposed spiders Agelena labyrinthica in relation to its developmental stage, gender and origin. Juvenile, female and male spiders were collected from three variously polluted habitats, transferred to the laboratory and exposed to the metals in their diet. Cu and Cd accumulation in the body and exuviae, bioaccumulation factor, percentage of metallothionein positive cells, MT concentration, percentage of cells with depolarized mitochondria, ATP concentration and ADP/ATP ratio were measured and calculated. Cu appeared to be regulated and its excess is eliminated via, among others, the molting process, while Cd was rather accumulated by the spiders. The level of MTs increased significantly mainly in females exposed to both metals, irrespectively of the pollution degree of their site of origin, indicating a defensive role of the proteins. In general, even if both the MT level and the energy status indices were positively correlated with Cd and Cu concentrations in the spider body, the energy status of A. labyrinthica did not seem disturbed. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-73149106985,

title = {The effects of Aphis fabae infestation on the antioxidant response and heavy metal content in field grown Philadelphus coronarius plants},

author = { A. Kafel and A. Nadgórska-Socha and J. Gospodarek and A. Babczyńska and M. Skowronek and M. Kandziora-Ciupa and K. Rozpędek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-73149106985&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2009.11.013&partnerID=40&md5=f6dbe3421fa1628ef0488ad2a02e3aa3},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.013},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {408},

number = {5},

pages = {1111-1119},

abstract = {The purpose of this study was to explore a possible relationship between the soil availability of metals and their concentrations in various parts of Philadelphus coronarius plants. Moreover, the possible impact of an aphid infestation on the contamination and antioxidant response of plants from the urban environment of Kraków and the reference rural area of Zagaje Stradowskie (southern Poland) was analyzed. The contents of the glutathione, proline, non-protein - SH groups, antioxidants, and phosphorous and the levels of guaiacol peroxidase and catalase activity in leaves and shoots either infested or not by the aphid Aphis fabae Scop., were measured. The potential bioavailability of metals (Cd; Cu; Ni; Pb; Zn) in the soil and their concentrations in P. coronarius plants originating from both sites were compared. The antioxidant responses were generally elevated in the plants in the polluted area. Such reactions were additionally changed by aphid infestation. Generally, the concentrations of metals in the HNO3 and CaCl2 extractants of the soils from two layers at the 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths from the polluted area were higher than in those from the reference area. Such differences were found for nickel and lead (in all examined extractants), zinc (in soil extractants from the layer at 20-40 cm) and cadmium (in HNO3 extractants). Significant positive relationships between the lead concentrations in the soil and in the plants were found. In the parts of plants from the polluted area, higher concentrations of Pb and Zn (leaves and shoots) and Cd (shoots) were recorded. The shoots and leaves of plants infested with aphids had higher concentrations of Zn but lower Pb. Moreover, their leaves had higher contaminations of Cu and Ni. In conclusion, aphids affected not only the antioxidant response of the plants but also their contamination with metals, especially contamination of the leaves. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {41},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-67549092938,

title = {Hsp70 level in progeny of aging grasshoppers from variously polluted habitats and additionally exposed to zinc during diapause},

author = { M. Augustyniak and M. Tarnawska and A. Babczyńska and M.G. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67549092938&doi=10.1016%2fj.jinsphys.2009.04.009&partnerID=40&md5=c9468174a580b05f85fecf42df645691},

doi = {10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.04.009},

issn = {00221910},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Insect Physiology},

volume = {55},

number = {8},

pages = {735-741},

abstract = {The hsp70 level in the bodies of 1st instars of grasshoppers Chorthippus brunneus from unpolluted (Pilica) and polluted (Olkusz; Szopienice) sites and additionally exposed to various doses of zinc during diapause and embryonic development prior to hatching were measured by Western blotting. The main aim of our work was to assess the relationship between the age of female grasshoppers originating from variously polluted habitat and the hsp70 level in their progeny. Possible reasons for population variation in hsp70 levels were discussed. The hsp70 level in the offspring's body depended on the place of origin. The strongest expression of hsp70 was found in the bodies of larvae hatching from the eggs laid by young females from Pilica (reference site). In contrast, a low initial level of hsp70 in larvae from polluted sites, especially in young females' progeny, was observed. The application of zinc during diapause influenced the hsp70 level in grasshopper larvae; however, the direction of the changes depended on the insects' place of origin. In larvae from the reference site, and also (but to a lesser degree) from Olkusz, the increase in the hsp70 level after zinc treatment was most pronounced. Whereas in grasshoppers from Szopienice, zinc (in 100 μg g-1 dry weight of sand) did not change the hsp70 level, or (in 500 μg g-1 dry weight of sand) caused a reduction in hsp70. The differences may result from maternal effects; however, possible adaptation also cannot be excluded. To confirm this statement further studies are needed. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-60049086660,

title = {Does the grasshopper Chorthippus brunneus adapt to metal polluted habitats? A study of glutathione-dependent enzymes in grasshopper nymphs},

author = { M. Augustyniak and A. Babczyńska and M.G. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60049086660&doi=10.1111%2fj.1744-7917.2009.00251.x&partnerID=40&md5=16dfc6769ff7fbdbf35f9882aa04d166},

doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7917.2009.00251.x},

issn = {16729609},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Insect Science},

volume = {16},

number = {1},

pages = {33-42},

abstract = {Glutathione contents and activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes in the body of insects inhabiting polluted areas depend on toxin kind, concentration and exposure time. Enzymatic response may be modified by gender, age, developmental stage and state of nutrition. Also, chronic exposure to metals in the environment may cause the selection of individuals resistant to some environmental toxins. To assess the degree of adaptation of Chorthippus brunneus to metal-polluted habitats, we measured glutathione contents and the activity of selected glutathione-dependent enzymes in the offspring of aging mothers which differed in time and intensity of exposure to metals in their habitats. We tested whether differences represent temporal shifts in tolerance range or were genetically preserved and inherited by future generations. We investigated insects from three populations. Two live in heavily metal-burdened areas, exposed to metals for 170 (Szopienice) or 50 years (Olkusz) and the third inhabits an unpolluted reference site (Pilica). The most important findings were age-by-site interactions for all biochemical analyses. Nymphs from Szopienice had lower glutathione contents and lower glutathione-dependent enzyme activity in comparison with nymphs from the reference site. This was especially distinct in nymphs hatched from eggs laid by young females. The offspring of aging females from Olkusz, in terms of glutathione contents and glutathione reductase activities, revealed similar patterns to those from the reference site. For the remaining parameters, enzyme activity patterns in nymphs from Olkusz were similar to those of nymphs from Szopienice. © Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.},

note = {26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-40849116693,

title = {Cellular stress reactions assessed by gender and species in spiders from areas variously polluted with heavy metals},

author = { G. Wilczek and A. Babczyńska and P. Wilczek and B. Doleżych and P. Migula and H. Młyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-40849116693&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecoenv.2007.03.005&partnerID=40&md5=05ab816a03fa5acda3d8618e5a5537e9},

doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.03.005},

issn = {01476513},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},

volume = {70},

number = {1},

pages = {127-137},

abstract = {In the funnel web spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae; A. l.), sheet web spider Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae; L. t.) and wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae; X. n.) from two differently polluted meadow sites in southern Poland, we studied the relations between antioxidant parameters (glutathione; GSH; glutathione peroxidases; GPOX; GSTPx; catalase; CAT; stress proteins-Hsp70; metallothioneins Mts), the intensity of apoptosis and necrosis, and heavy metal burdens of the midgut gland. Cellular reactions against stress caused by pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. The concentrations of Zn and Cu in the midgut glands of male A. l. and X. n. were more than double that of the females, from both study sites. In male spiders from the heavily polluted site, both negative correlations (activity of caspase-3-like proteins vs Cu; Zn concentration; number of depolarized mitochondria vs Cu concentration) and positive correlations (number of necrotic cells vs Cu concentrations; activity of CAT vs Zn ) were noted. The defense of males against high metal content and its prooxidative effects is based mainly on GSH and CAT. In females the antioxidative reactions are species-specific and depend mainly on high peroxidase activity and on stress protein level. The increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the midgut gland of female spiders from the heavily polluted site suggests the defensive role of this process in maintaining the proper functioning of this organ. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},

note = {45},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-38149021340,

title = {Effects of zinc and female aging on nymphal life history in a grasshopper from polluted sites},

author = { M. Augustyniak and A. Babczyńska and M. Kozłowski and T. Sawczyn and M.G. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-38149021340&doi=10.1016%2fj.jinsphys.2007.08.002&partnerID=40&md5=a3b06cb34ffa434e19c4a09e20be051a},

doi = {10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.08.002},

issn = {00221910},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Insect Physiology},

volume = {54},

number = {1},

pages = {41-50},

abstract = {Insect reproduction is influenced by various factors, including food quality and quantity, temperature, population density and female age. Contamination, including heavy metals, may disturb reproductive processes. The aim of this work was to assess interactions between effects of aging in female Chorthippus brunneus and environmental pollution on their reproduction measured in number of laid eggs. We also compared basic developmental parameters (number of hatchlings; body mass; embryonic developmental rate) in grasshopper nymphs additionally exposed to zinc during diapause. Aging grasshoppers from heavily polluted areas (Olkusz and Szopienice) lay significantly fewer eggs than insects from the reference site (Pilica). Zinc application caused the decrease in hatching success and duration of embryogenesis in insects from each site. This suggests a cumulative effect of female age, pollutants and additional stressing factors. The intensity of this process differed between populations. In insects from the reference site, it was shown in a moderate degree. In insects from Szopienice, an additional stressor exerted a weaker effect than in insects from Pilica. In grasshoppers from Olkusz, we found the strongest decrease of hatching percentage and increase in duration of embryogenesis after zinc intoxication. This may indicate that the population from Olkusz exists at the limit of its energetic abilities. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-35548947013,

title = {Short-term effects of dimethoate on metabolic responses in Chrysolina pardalina (Chrysomelidae) feeding on Berkheya coddii (Asteraceae), a hyper-accumulator of nickel},

author = { M. Augustyniak and P. Migula and J. Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz and M. Tarnawska and M. Nakonieczny and A. Babczyńska and W.J. Przybyłowicz and M.G. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35548947013&doi=10.1016%2fj.envpol.2007.01.018&partnerID=40&md5=144d40e423946ba636a4893b7c289520},

doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.018},

issn = {02697491},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Pollution},

volume = {150},

number = {2},

pages = {218-224},

abstract = {Berkheya coddii Roessler (Asteraceae) is a hyper-accumulator of nickel, which can be used in phytomining and phytoremediation. Chrysolina pardalina Fabricius (Chrysomelidae) is a phytophagous leaf beetle, which may be useful in controlling population levels of B. coddii after it has been introduced into a new habitat. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of C. pardalina to topical application of dimethoate. Data recorded included the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the concentration of glutathione (GSH), and the activity of selected enzymes connected with GSH metabolism. Assays were carried out several times during the first 24 h after exposure to dimethoate. At the dosages used in this study, dimethoate was not as toxic as expected. AChE activity was significantly decreased 14 and 24 h after application. GST activity was significantly decreased 24 h after application. GSTPx activity was significantly decreased 2, 14 and 24 h after application. GR activity was significantly increased 4 h after application. GSH concentration was significantly increased 24 h after application. Long-term exposure to high levels of nickel may have caused adaptive changes in the enzymes that enable C. pardalina to deal with other stressors, including organophosphate pesticides. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33749259849,

title = {Effects of dimethoate on spiders from metal pollution gradient},

author = { A. Babczyńska and G. Wilczek and P. Migula},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33749259849&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2006.06.024&partnerID=40&md5=a2554da009193314ea2ea8a0cf4914fc},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.06.024},

issn = {00489697},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {370},

number = {2-3},

pages = {352-359},

abstract = {In this study, an attempt has been made to assess whether a chronic exposure to metals in habitats under a strong industrial pressure might have equipped spiders with biochemical defensive mechanisms enabling them to survive an additional chemical stress. To check this, non-web-building wolf spiders Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) and funnel web Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) were collected at five variously polluted meadows and, under laboratory conditions, intoxicated with either single or multiple dose of dimethoate (OP pesticide). Then the activities of detoxifying (carboxylesterase: CarE; glutathione S-transferase: GST), antioxidative (selene-dependent and selene-independent glutathione peroxidases: GPOX and GSTPx) enzymes as well as acetylcholinesterase as a biomarker of exposure to OP pesticides were measured. In web-building A. labyrinthica, even a single application of the pesticide caused the inhibition of CarE, GSTPx and GPOX in individuals from less polluted sites and AChE and GST in specimens pre-exposed to high metal concentrations. Multiple intoxication, irrespectively of the site, caused significant, in comparison to controls, decrease in CarE, AChE and GSTPx activities. Actively hunting P. lugubris seem more resistant to acute pesticide intoxication, since the spiders from each site had a constant level of GST and AChE. In individuals of this species from heavily polluted sites, the inhibition caused by multiple intoxication with dimethoate was stated only for glutathione peroxidases. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33751528790,

title = {Zinc-induced DNA damage and the distribution of metals in the brain of grasshoppers by the comet assay and micro-PIXE},

author = { M. Augustyniak and J. Kwaśniewska and W.J. Przybyłowicz and J. Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz and A. Babczyńska and P. Migula},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33751528790&doi=10.1016%2fj.cbpc.2006.09.003&partnerID=40&md5=f3ec30bff89e31320c5b4f2b3f1b39ac},

doi = {10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.09.003},

issn = {15320456},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - C Toxicology and Pharmacology},

volume = {144},

number = {3},

pages = {242-251},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {The distribution and concentration of selected elements by PIXE method and DNA damage using comet assay in brains of 1st instars of grasshoppers Chorthippus brunneus from unpolluted (Pilica) and polluted (Olkusz) site, additionally exposed to various doses of zinc during diapause or after hatching, were measured. We tried to assess the degree of possible pre-adaptation of the insects to heavy metals and evaluate the utility of these parameters in estimation of insect exposure to industrial pollutants. Additionally, the mechanism of zinc toxicity for grasshopper brains was discussed. We observed the correlation between experimental zinc dose, zinc contents in the brain and DNA damage in neuroblasts, but only in groups exposed to lower zinc concentration. For higher zinc concentration the amount of the metal in brain and DNA damage remained at the control level. Some site-related differences in DNA damage between grasshoppers from Pilica and Olkusz were observed during short-term exposure (after hatching). Significant increase in the calcium contents in the brain, proportional to zinc concentration in sand, was also observed, especially in the offsprings from Olkusz. The results may be the basis for further searching for molecular mechanisms of defense against heavy metals in insects living in polluted habitats. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},

note = {52},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-28444460710,

title = {Body burdens of metals in spiders from the Lidice coal dump near Ostrava (Czech Republic)},

author = { G. Wilczek and A. Babczyńska and Z. Majkus},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28444460710&partnerID=40&md5=bfd0aaa6a6a7993b072a884d0b292f9a},

issn = {13356380},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Biologia - Section Zoology},

volume = {60},

number = {5},

pages = {599-605},

abstract = {Spiders' feeding behaviour and external digestion expose them to man-made pollutants, especially those easily transferred along the food chain. The problem for this study was whether the levels of heavy metals in selected species of spiders from the Lidice coal dump reflect adaptation to environmental pollutants. We used flameless and flame AAS to measure the whole-body concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni and Mg in male and female spiders differing in their hunting strategies, type of web construction, prey, and taxonomic position (Araneidae; Agelenidae; Linyphiidae; Theridiidae; Tetragnathidae; Lycosidae; Salticidae; Pisauridae; Clubionidae; Philodromidae). The levels of metals found in the spiders were species-dependent, indicating differences related to the hunting strategy and type of prey. Accumulation of Pb, Cu and Zn was always higher in ground spiders than in web-constructing species. Sheet-web spiders Linyphia triangularis and wandering spiders Clubiona lutescens had the lowest Cd, Mg and Cu content of all the studied species. Web-building spiders of the Tetragnathidae family showed the highest Cd, Cu and Pb content, even in species with feeding behaviour similar to spiders of other families. There were no interspecific differences in accumulation only for Fe and Mg. The concentrations of Cd, Ni and Pb were lower in females than in males, irrespective of their taxonomic position and the intensity of their hunting activity. This may suggest that females have better metal-excretion ability than males.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-27744505338,

title = {Joint effects of dimethoate and heavy metals on metabolic responses in a grasshopper (Chorthippus brunneus) from a heavy metals pollution gradient},

author = { M. Augustyniak and A. Babczyńska and P. Migula and G. Wilczek and P. Łaszczyca and A. Kafel and M.G. Augustyniak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27744505338&doi=10.1016%2fj.cbpc.2005.09.007&partnerID=40&md5=1761544f1ffb0849417b3d03dcae3174},

doi = {10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.09.007},

issn = {15320456},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - C Toxicology and Pharmacology},

volume = {141},

number = {4},

pages = {412-419},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {We studied how an exposure to an additional stressing factor-dimethoate, might affect detoxifying ability of grasshoppers collected at 5 meadow sites located along a heavy metal pollution gradient. Activities of esterases and enzymes linked with glutathione (GSH) metabolism were assayed 24 h after topical treatment with 0.32 μg dimethoate per insect. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reaches nearly 50% of the value stated in untreated insects, without significant site-dependent differences. The pesticide also caused a significant decrease in activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) followed by a decrease in GSH levels in grasshoppers from all assayed groups, demonstrating high sensitivity of glutathione-dependent metabolism to the additional stressing factor. In the case of glutathione reductase (GR) and carboxylesterases (CarE) the fall of activity was shown especially in insects from less polluted meadows and the reference site. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity in individuals treated with dimethoate did not decrease only in insects from the most contaminated site I. This might suggest the trade-off mechanisms adapting grasshoppers to life in seriously polluted environments. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},

note = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-4344637322,

title = {Relations between metals (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu) and glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes in spiders from a heavy metal pollution gradient},

author = { G. Wilczek and A. Babczyńska and M. Augustyniak and P. Migula},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4344637322&doi=10.1016%2fj.envpol.2004.05.011&partnerID=40&md5=5cf2272bd3dc7414893acc61eaa86648},

doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2004.05.011},

issn = {02697491},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Pollution},

volume = {132},

number = {3},

pages = {453-461},

abstract = {We studied the relations between glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes and heavy metal burdens in the web-building spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and the wolf spider Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) from five meadow sites along a heavy metal pollution gradient. We assayed the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidases (GPOX; GSTPx), and glutathione (GSH) levels in both sexes. Except for GSH vs Pb content, we found significant correlations between GPOX and GSTPx activity and metal concentrations in females of A. labyrinthica. The highest activity of these enzymes measured in the web-building spiders was found in the individuals from the most polluted sites. In P. lugubris males significant correlations were found between GST and Pb and Zn concentrations, and between GPOX and GSTPx and the concentration of Cu. GST activity was higher in males collected from less polluted areas. Thus, detoxifying strategies against pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. Actively hunting spiders had higher metal concentrations, maintaining lower activity of detoxifying enzymes and a lower glutathione level. Glutathione-linked enzyme activity in spiders from polluted areas depends on hunting strategy and sex. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {74},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-2942670066,

title = {Profiles of enzymatic activity in earthworms from zinc, lead and cadmium polluted areas near Olkusz (Poland)},

author = { P. Łaszczyca and M. Augustyniak and A. Babczyńska and K. Bednarska and A. Kafel and P. Migula and G. Wilczek and I. Witas},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2942670066&doi=10.1016%2fj.envint.2004.02.006&partnerID=40&md5=fb1bf084ee1cffc308a2059a62a4a95c},

doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.006},

issn = {01604120},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Environment International},

volume = {30},

number = {7},

pages = {901-910},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The aim of the study was to determine whether there are signs of adaptation of soil fauna to a gradient of heavy metal contamination. Earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa, Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia fetida were collected during the spring and summer of 2000 and 2001 from meadow sites situated between 2 and 32 km from the Bukowno-Olkusz complex of zinc-lead ore mines and smelters. The heavy metal content in the soil near smelters reaches 10,500 mg/kg (d.w.) for Zn, 2600 mg/kg for Pb and 81.9 mg/kg for Cd. The sites differ with respect to species composition of earthworm community, with A. caliginosa being dominant. Complete data was obtained only for A. caliginosa, since other species were not abundant at all investigated sites during the whole period of investigation. The body burdens of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu in A. caliginosa reached 1500, 100, 220 and 10 μg/g, respectively, in the vicinity of the smelter (2-4 km), and decreased to 400, 2, 36 and 6 μg/g at the most distant site (32 km). Cadmium and lead content was significantly elevated in the whole body of L. terrestris collected at the site 2.5 km distant from the smelters when compared to more distant sites, while in E. fetida only the body burden of cadmium was elevated at the nearest site compared to the next site of transect. Activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX; EC 1.11.1.9) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or cumene hydroperoxide (cumOOH), glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2), glutathione S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) were assayed in postmitochondrial supernatant obtained from whole body homogenates. Seasonal and annual variations of enzyme activity were reflected by higher GPX activity in the late summer of 2001 in comparison with the spring and summer of 2000. This may reflect severe drought in the spring and summer of 2000. The activity of both GPX isozymes, GR and GST in A. caliginosa and L. terrestris increased with increasing distance from the smelters and reached maximum at sites III and IV (4 and 8 km from the smelters; respectively) and then it decreased in the animals from site V (32 km). These may be the effects of antagonism between the enzyme inducing and enzyme inhibiting action of smelter emissions, a phenomenon known as a hormetic effect. It is postulated here that this effect is of diagnostic value for metal pollution biomonitoring. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {113},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0942267408,

title = {Activity of esterases as biomarkers of metal exposure in spiders from the metal pollution gradient},

author = { G. Wilczek and A. Babczyńska and P. Migula and B. Wencelis},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0942267408&partnerID=40&md5=73f0007f55cd1d342f3b0e64b38c8ef8},

issn = {12301485},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Polish Journal of Environmental Studies},

volume = {12},

number = {6},

pages = {765-771},

abstract = {Spiders were studied as predators of the invertebrate epigeic fauna inhabiting forest and grassland ecosystems variously polluted with metals. The response of detoxifying enzymes in adult male and female spiders (a wolf spider Pardosa lugubris and a funnel weaver Agelena labyrinthica) was compared using material collected at five sites in forest and grassland transects along the metal pollution gradient. Carboxylesterases, acetylcholinesterase and metal concentrations were assayed in spiders during the season. In both species at the most polluted sites of forest and meadow transects CarE activity was higher. These animals effectively used quantitative compensatory strategy against pollutants, which demands extra energy. Comparisons between species showed a better adaptation to pollutants in the ground wolf spiders. In these animals from polluted meadows AChE activity was also higher than that in agelenids.},

note = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0242668885,

title = {Activity of carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase in different life-stages of carabid beetle (Poecilus cupreus) exposed to toxic metal concentrations},

author = { G. Wilczek and P. Kramarz and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0242668885&doi=10.1016%2fS1532-0456%2803%2900039-5&partnerID=40&md5=4cfe51a546593b707e7ad59734901d70},

doi = {10.1016/S1532-0456(03)00039-5},

issn = {15320456},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - C Toxicology and Pharmacology},

volume = {134},

number = {4},

pages = {501-512},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Among the cytoplasmatic enzymes responsible for neutralization of organic xenobiotics, carboxylesterases (CarE) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) play important roles. Our study tested to what extent dietary Zn or Cd could modify the activity of CarE and GST at different life-stages of the carabid beetle Poecilus cupreus. Treatment and stage effects generally were statistically significant. For CarE activity in the beetles exposed to cadmium, only treatment was a significant factor. In all cases, the interaction between studied factors was statistically significant, implying that the physiological condition of the animals may enhance or reduce enzyme activity. We also observed differences between animals treated with cadmium and zinc in the pattern of enzyme activity, and a difference in GST activity measured with two different substrates. Our results confirmed that in studying enzyme activity under metal stress one should consider the animal's life-stage and sex. © 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.},

note = {29},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0347297181,

title = {Cadmium-fenitrothion interaction in the spider Pardosa lugubris and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster},

author = { A. Babczyńska and P. Migula},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0347297181&doi=10.1007%2fs00128-002-0101-y&partnerID=40&md5=ae978a60913702d795c52bace15dc551},

doi = {10.1007/s00128-002-0101-y},

issn = {00074861},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology},

volume = {69},

number = {4},

pages = {586-592},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0942282577,

title = {Heavy metals in the gonads and hepatopancreas of spiders (Araneae) from variously polluted areas},

author = { G. Wilczek and A. Babczyńska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0942282577&partnerID=40&md5=91047d3964b4cf3656e7b42c629300a3},

issn = {1335342X},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Ekologia Bratislava},

volume = {19},

number = {9993},

pages = {283-292},

abstract = {Spiders, as secondary consumers, ingest considerable amounts of various xenobiotics, including heavy metals. The amounts of ingested metals depends on hunting activity of the spider and on the body composition of their prey. On the other hand, specificity of metal excretion and storage in intracellular granules, rather than the quality of food, is responsible for their high metal body burden. The aim of this study was to determine whether heavy metal levels in the gonads and hepatopancreas of selected spiders species would reflect their adaptability to environmental pollutants in relation to their physiological and behavioural specificity. Contents of CD, Pb, Cu and Zn were measured by means of flameless and flame AAS in females of 6 species: Araneus diadematus, Araneus marmoreus (Araneidae), Metellina segmentala (Metidae), Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae), Pardosa amentala (Lycosidae) and Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae). The material was collected at two sites which differ in the level of industrial pollutants, including heavy metals: Losień (near Katowice steelworks - heavily polluted environment) and Brenna-Bukowa in Beskid Śla̧ski Mountains (reference site). Heavy metal levels in the analysed organs did not reflect the metal content in the predators' biotopes. Nevertheless, Cd, Pb and Zn levels in the hepatopancreas were always higher than in the gonads, irrespective of the site from which the spiders had been collected. This may suggest that midgut glands of the predators are an efficient barrier for these elements, protecting other organs, including gonads, against the toxicity of heavy metals. Heavy metal concentrations in spiders' tissues appeared, however, species-dependent, and this might be influenced by both behavioural and physiological methods of inactivation of heavy metals in different tissues. Among the web building spiders, L. triangularis seems to be the most efficient regulator of heavy metals in the tissues as was indicated by a significantly lower concentration of these xenobiotics in comparison with the other species in both of the tissues investigated. On the other hand, the wandering P. amentata and the web-building M. segmentata probably store all the heavy metals ingested with their food as mineral concentrations, mainly in cells of the hepatopancreas.},

note = {26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}