@article{2-s2.0-85204805672,

title = {Soil application potential of post-sorbents produced by co-sorption of humic substances and nutrients from sludge anaerobic digestion reject water},

author = { J. Turek-Szytow and J. Michalska and A. Dudło and P. Krzeminski and A.L. Ribeiro and B. Nowak and R.P. Kobyłecki and R. Zarzycki and S. Golba and J. Surmacz-Górska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85204805672&doi=10.1016%2fj.jenvman.2024.122465&partnerID=40&md5=11fa77ce2d9a54496718e8d52e32386c},

doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122465},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},

volume = {370},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {This study introduces a novel soil conditioning approach using humic substances (HSs) and nutrients co-recovered from reject water from sewage sludge anaerobic digestion. For the first time, HSs and nutrients were simultaneously recovered through sorption on low-cost, environmentally inert materials: natural rock opoka (OP) and waste autoclaved aerated concrete (WAAC). This innovative application of OP and WAAC as carriers and delivery agents for soil-relevant substances offers potential for resource recovery and soil conditioning. Results indicate that the post-sorption opoka (PS-OP) and post-sorption waste autoclaved aerated concrete (PS-WAAC) effectively release retained HSs at 350–480 μg g⁻1 d⁻1, respectively. These materials also show potential as NPK fertilizers, releasing 280–430 μg g⁻1 d⁻1 N-NH₄⁺, 80–150 μg g⁻1 d⁻1 P-PO₄³⁻, and 270–350 μg g⁻1 d⁻1 K⁺. Additionally, PS-OP demonstrated promising fungicide properties, reducing P. diachenii growth by 31% at a concentration of 1 g L⁻1. A two-way ANOVA indicated that the effects of PS-OP and PS-WAAC on soil physicochemical and biological parameters varied with plant species. Both post-sorbents improved the quality of soil collected from sand mining area, increasing cation exchange capacity by 7%–85% and organic matter content by 10%–58%. They also enhanced the functional potential of soil microbial communities, increasing their metabolic activities by 23%–36% in soils sown with clover and by 33%–39% in soils sown with rapeseed. An opposite effect was observed in soils sown with sorghum, suggesting these amendments may not universally act as plant biostimulants. The effectiveness of these post-sorbents in enhancing plant growth varied depending on plant species and the mineral base of the post-sorbent. PS-OP increased the total length of clover and sorghum by 41% and 36%, and their fresh biomass by 82% and 80%, respectively. In turn, PS-WAAC increased the total length of clover and sorghum by 76% and 17%, and their fresh biomass by 29% and 15%, respectively. It was notably more effective than PS-OP for rapeseed. This study proposes a strategy to decrease reliance on non-renewable resources and costly sorbents while minimizing environmental impact. It shows that PS-OP and PS-WAAC can enhance soil quality, microbial activity, and plant growth. Given their origins, these amendments are recommended for soil remediation, particularly in degraded areas. Future research should focus on optimizing their application across various plant species to maximize effectiveness. © 2024 The Authors},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85197912569,

title = {Assessment of Organo-Mineral Post-sorbents for Improving Acidic, Organic-Matter Deficient Soil: Implications for Crop Physiology and Soil Microbial Activity},

author = { J. Michalska and J. Turek-Szytow and A. Dudło and B. Nowak and J. Surmacz-Górska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85197912569&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-031-63353-9_83&partnerID=40&md5=5339ed0c2d9b35f2a3467575463f9c4e},

doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-63353-9_83},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering},

volume = {524 LNCE},

pages = {497-502},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {Soil nutrient deficiencies and fertility loss due to the organic matter depletion are major constraints in meeting the growing food demand. In this context, the recovery of humic substances (HSs) and nutrients from the reject water can be an economically promising approach for the reduction of anthropogenic pressure on soil organic matter and sustainable use of resources. The present study investigates the potential of the organo-mineral preparations formulated during the adsorption of HSs and nutrients from reject water on opoka (OP) and autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) as conditioners of the organic matter-poor acidic soils. Given the environmental concerns associated with the soil application of reject water-derived compounds, the effect of post-sorption OP (PSOP) and AAC (PSACC), and the raw materials used for their preparation were assessed based on the physiological traits of planted crops and the functional potential of soil microbial communities. The results indicate that Trifolum pratense (TP), Brassica napus (BN), and Sorghum saccharatum (SS) responded differently to soil amendment with the tested preparations. All amendments had a positive effect on the development of TP and SS in particular. As observed, the community-level physiological profiles were altered in soils derived from the cultivation of these crops, especially those enriched with post-sorbents. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85097522806,

title = {The composition of poly(vinyl chloride) with polylactide/poly(butylene terephthalate-co-butylene sebacate) and its biodegradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium},

author = { B. Nowak and S. Rusinowski and A. Korytkowska-Wałach and B. Chmielnicki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097522806&doi=10.1016%2fj.ibiod.2020.105153&partnerID=40&md5=8aa8fe1b14e9f89467d3a67bd893fb1c},

doi = {10.1016/j.ibiod.2020.105153},

issn = {09648305},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation},

volume = {157},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The main problem related to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is the migration of the plasticisers into the environment. In the study, the influence of the modification of plasticised (PVC) with a polyester binary blend that was composed of recycled polylactide/poly(butylene terephthalate-co-butylene sebacate) (rPLA/PBTSe) on the selected properties of films as well as their susceptibility to abiotic and biotic attack was examined. The polyester binary blend was used for the modification of PVC for the first time. In contrast to rPLA/PBTSe blend, the ternary blend of PVC, PLA, and PBTSe showed a single Tg behaviour suggesting the synergistic effect of PVC on improved miscibility of the polyester components of the binary blend. A two-fold increase in the elasticity of the resulting films compared to PVC was achieved. PVC, as well as the compositions with rPLA/PBTSe, turned out to be unsusceptible to white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The presence of rPLA/PBTSe in the ternary blend hampered both bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) leaching into the environment and the activity of fungal hydrolytic enzymes. This feature of the reported blend should be beneficial for its extended application. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85060153872,

title = {Isosorbide-based polysebacates as polymeric components for development of in situ forming implants},

author = { M. Śmiga-Matuszowicz and A. Korytkowska-Wałach and B. Nowak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060153872&doi=10.1002%2fpat.4541&partnerID=40&md5=ba7b25ebb847c4d32f88d1093a5edf1f},

doi = {10.1002/pat.4541},

issn = {10427147},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Polymers for Advanced Technologies},

volume = {30},

number = {4},

pages = {1072-1082},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {In situ forming implants (ISFIs) appear to be a convenient drug delivery system, alternative to conventional preformed implants and microparticles for parenteral drug delivery applications. It has been shown that they offer several advantages including easy and minimally invasive application, potential for local/site-specific drug delivery that allows reduction of side effects associated with systemic administration of drug. A few ISFI formulations based on poly(α-hydroxy acids), solidifying by solid phase separation, are currently commercially available. In this work, polyesters based on sebacic acid, isosorbide, and optionally 1,2-propanediol were synthesized and characterized. Poly(isosorbide sebacate-co-1;2-propylene sebacate) (PISEBPG) was chosen as an essential constituent of new ISFI formulations dedicated to controlled release of doxycycline hyclate (DOXY). Basic characteristics of new ISFI formulations were investigated. In particular, the influence of addition of a relatively hydrophobic cosolvent (triacetin; TA) to a more hydrophilic 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as well as the presence of calcium carbonate (CAC) on the morphology of resulted depots and DOXY release profile was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the presence of TA resulted in more porous morphology of the depots. DOXY has been releasing continuously from depots in vitro within 12 weeks depending on the composition. The release profile of the PISEBPG-based formulation containing CAC indicates that it could be useful where short-term (up to 14 d), rapid release of the antibiotic is required, while formulation without CAC, where after 21 days about 50% of the drug loaded may still be available for release, may be better for the long-term delivery of DOXY. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85047340634,

title = {Poly(isosorbide succinate)-based in situ forming implants as potential systems for local drug delivery: Preliminary studies},

author = { M. Śmiga-Matuszowicz and A. Korytkowska-Wałach and B. Nowak and R. Pilawka and M. Lesiak and A.L. Sieroń},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047340634&doi=10.1016%2fj.msec.2018.05.046&partnerID=40&md5=f0ad5208844b5a733c85c85e54cf12c4},

doi = {10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.046},

issn = {09284931},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Materials Science and Engineering C},

volume = {91},

pages = {311-317},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {In situ forming implants (ISFI) are proved to be effective drug delivery systems in various local therapies. This research focuses on preliminary characteristics of a new biodegradable ISFI formulation based on poly(isosorbide succinate) (PISU) for modulated, over 3-week, release of doxycycline hyclate (DOXY). The Alamar Blue cytotoxicity assay was carried out for PISU using FK-1 and AoSMC cell lines. PISU resin was found to be non-toxic in wide range of concentrations. The formulation viscosity, dependent on shear rate, facilitates its easy injection into required site where solid depot is formed immediately after injection. DOXY, incorporated into this formulation, was released in vitro within 21 days, during which collected solutions exhibited antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. The morphology of the precipitated depots was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained results suggest potential applicability of this new PISU-based formulation as injectable drug delivery system forming implant at an injection site by phase separation and precipitation of the polymer. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85021678961,

title = {Unique properties of silver and copper silica-based nanocomposites as antimicrobial agents},

author = { J. Peszke and M. Dulski and A. Nowak and K. Balin and M. Zubko and S. Sułowicz and B. Nowak and Z. Piotrowska-Seget and E. Talik and M. Wojtyniak and A. Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz and K. Malarz and J. Szade},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021678961&doi=10.1039%2fc7ra00720e&partnerID=40&md5=6c05b26f09aa8376a25c5d4cf449157d},

doi = {10.1039/c7ra00720e},

issn = {20462069},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {RSC Advances},

volume = {7},

number = {45},

pages = {28092-28104},

publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},

abstract = {The paper reports a new route for the fabrication and determination of physicochemical properties and biological activity, of metallic silica-based nanostructure (Ag/SiO2; Cu/SiO2). A research studies shows mono-dispersed nanoparticles in silica matrix with an average size of 12 nm for silver, as well as 12 nm and 4 nm, respectively for copper in hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica composites. The chemical analysis highlights metallic silver and copper ions heterogeneously distributed in the composite as well as metallic oxides such as Ag2O, Cu2O and CuO in hydrophobic system, and CuO in hydrophilic one. Structural research evidences the presence of amorphous, stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric crystalline phase of silica. Biological studies reveal potentially inhibition of growth gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as microscopic fungi. The size of metal nanoparticles and level of silica hydrophobicity show the highest inhibition bacterial growth for hydrophilic system with embedding inside them, 4 nm in size copper nanoparticles. Finally, cytotoxic interaction against human cells with respect to silver and copper silica-based nanocomposites was not found. © 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry.},

note = {32},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84926345801,

title = {Degradability of polylactide and its blend with poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] in industrial composting and compost extract},

author = { W. Sikorska and M. Musiol and B. Nowak and J. Pająk and S. Łabuzek and M. Kowalczuk and G. Adamus},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84926345801&doi=10.1016%2fj.ibiod.2015.03.021&partnerID=40&md5=5201c697a26d34a3d0028e0865aed777},

doi = {10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.03.021},

issn = {09648305},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation},

volume = {101},

pages = {32-41},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Degradation process of the rigid films prepared from polylactide (PLA) and its blend with poly[(R;S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PLA/a-PHB) in an industrial composting pile and in extracts from industrial compost was conducted. The significant changes in the number average molar mass (Mn) of the PLA and PLA/a-PHB samples without mass loss up to the 21 days of the experiment indicated that abiotic hydrolysis is the main process that occurs during the first weeks of the incubation of these samples in each environments studied. The observed progressive decrease in pH of sterile extract (SE) at invariable pH of the nonsterile extract (NSE) indicates that microbes present in compost can assimilate the products of abiotic hydrolysis of the incubated samples. The influence of microorganisms present in the compost on the (bio)degradation process of PLA and PLA/a-PHB was proved through 1H NMR and ESI-MS analysis of the compost extracts collected after specific degradation time periods. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {49},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79961207976,

title = {Microorganisms participating in the biodegradation of modified polyethylene films in different soils under laboratory conditions},

author = { B. Nowak and J. Pająk and M. Drozd-Bratkowicz and G. Rymarz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79961207976&doi=10.1016%2fj.ibiod.2011.04.007&partnerID=40&md5=c05ebf161cb66ba62093c92ba8ed6f79},

doi = {10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.04.007},

issn = {09648305},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation},

volume = {65},

number = {6},

pages = {757-767},

abstract = {The degree of biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films modified with Bionolle® polyester in different soils under laboratory conditions was evaluated. Films were incubated in soils from waste coal, a forest and an extinct volcano crater. Prior to degradation studies, soils underwent chemical and microbiological analysis. Film weight loss and mechanical properties, as well as the surface of the polymeric samples determined via scanning electron microscopy, were evaluated after 75, 150 and 225 days of biodegradation. Important chemical changes in the polymeric chains were detected by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Fungal and bacterial species that were able to grow on the film surfaces were monitored in order to see whether the films were easily colonised by autochthonous microorganisms (i.e.; typical to each soil). Identification of microorganisms was based on their cellular fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles. Biodegradation of modified polyethylene films in soils led to significant changes (i.e.; elongation at brake of 98%) in their mechanical properties that were caused by biochemical modifications of both polyester and polyethylene. Compared to waste coal soil, films underwent rapid biodegradation in soils that were rich in organic matter. Bacteria belonging to the genus, Bacillus, and the fungi, Gliocladium viride, Aspergillus awamori and Mortierella subtilissima, were easily able to colonise both polyethylene and polyethylene modified with Bionolle®. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {115},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78651373652,

title = {Biodegradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) modified with polyester "Bionolle®" by Penicillium funiculosum},

author = { B. Nowak and J. Pająk and S. Łabuzek and G. Rymarz and E. Talik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651373652&doi=10.14314%2fpolimery.2011.035&partnerID=40&md5=e7e396c26f71d760bbef89f1b6152fb9},

doi = {10.14314/polimery.2011.035},

issn = {00322725},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Polimery/Polymers},

volume = {56},

number = {1},

pages = {35-44},

publisher = {Industrial Chemistry Research Institute},

abstract = {The purpose of the study was to determine the degree of biodegradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films modified with "Bionolle®" polyester in comparison with films made of neat commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate). After 84-day incubation in the presence of filamentous fungi Penicillium funiculosum or their extracellular hydrolytic enzymes secreted by "Bionolle®" weight loss of the films was measured. The texture of the polymeric samples was observed with a scanning electron microscope. Important chemical changes of polymeric chainswere detected by FT-IR and XPS analysis. Significant reduction in quantity of aromatic rings derived from terephthalic acid indicated that decomposition of films by fungi occurred not only due to hydrolytic enzymes but also oxidative ones. Moreover, we observed rather unilateral influence of poly(ethylene terephthalate) on biodegradation: addition of "Bionolle®" didn't accelerate significantly degradation of modified films and - what is more important- the presence of PET inhibited decomposition of easily biodegradable "Bionolle®".},

note = {32},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-44349151101,

title = {Microbial lipases and their significance in the protection of the environment},

author = { A. Mrozik and K.T. Hupert-Kocurek and B. Nowak and S. Łabuzek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-44349151101&partnerID=40&md5=f89c74471d08508902cd4b99ba6cc9cc},

issn = {00794252},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Postepy Mikrobiologii},

volume = {47},

number = {1},

pages = {43-50},

abstract = {Microbial lipases represent an extremely versatile group of enzymes that are capable of performing a variety of important reactions. They belong to the class of serine hydrolases and act at the interface generated by a hydrophobic lipid substrate in a hydrophilic medium. Their synthesis and secretion by microorganisms is influenced by many factors like temperature, pH, ions, carbon and nitrogen sources and dissolved oxygen concentration. Microbial lipases are used in leather, detergent, pulp and paper industry, sewage treatment, biodiesel and biodegradable polymers production and bioremediation. Due to various properties lipases are helpful tools in biotechnology and environment protection fields.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-45849093337,

title = {Activity of extracellular depolymerase secreted by Gliocladium solani strain during "Bionolle®" polyester degradation [Aktywność zewna̧trzkomórkowej depolimerazy wydzielanej przez szczep Gliocladium solani w toku degradacji poliestru "Bionolle®"]},

author = { S. Łabuzek and B. Nowak and J. Pająk and G. Rymarz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-45849093337&doi=10.14314%2fpolimery.2008.465&partnerID=40&md5=864bbea71d486aff99b427cf5894179f},

doi = {10.14314/polimery.2008.465},

issn = {00322725},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Polimery/Polymers},

volume = {53},

number = {6},

pages = {465-470},

publisher = {Industrial Chemistry Research Institute},

abstract = {The range of activity of extracellular depolymerase secreted by Gliocladium solani strain (Fig. 2), isolated from the soil, was determined. The course of degradation of aliphatic "Bionolle® polyester, type # 3001, under the influence of this enzyme (Table 1) was studied. Optimum pH value related to its maximal activity equals 5 (Fig. 1). It was found that the enzyme discussed shows wide range of hydrolytic activity, being active towards ester bonds of natural and synthetic polymers as well as towards ester derivatives of short- or long-chain fatty acids (Table 1). Depolymerase attacks better the amorphous phase of polymer than the crystalline one (Fig. 3). It preferentially caused hydrolysis of mainly adipate mers of polyester leaving succinate ones.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-43949094533,

title = {Examination of toxicity of the products of "Bionolle®" polyester degradation [Badania toksyczności produktów degradacji poliestru "Bionolle®"]},

author = { S. Łabuzek and J. Pająk and B. Nowak and M. Solga},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-43949094533&doi=10.14314%2fpolimery.2008.384&partnerID=40&md5=87220876c6312f87c63de59b7861b805},

doi = {10.14314/polimery.2008.384},

issn = {00322725},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Polimery/Polymers},

volume = {53},

number = {5},

pages = {384-389},

publisher = {Industrial Chemistry Research Institute},

abstract = {The toxicity of the products of hydrolysis and biodegradation of "Bionolle®" polyester, carried out with use of filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger and Penicillinum funiculosum, on Chlorella sp., Lemna minor, Brassica rapa, Daphnia magna or Allium cepa was investigated. It was found that the products of hydrolytic degradation did not show toxic influence on the organisms tested while the solutions obtained after "Bionolle®" biodegradation inhibited the growth of Chlorella sp., Lemna minor and Brassica rapa, caused the mortality of Daphnia magna (Fig. 1), however, they did not cause the clastogenic effect on Allium cepa (Fig. 2). On the basis of the values of toxicity indices determined (IC50; NOEC and LC50) one can foresee that the products of polyester biodegradation, scattered in the environment, will not affect negatively the organisms living there (Table 2). Additionally it was found that the weight loss and TOC (total content of organic carbon) values of the samples in the solvent after hydrolysis are much lower than in similar solvents after biodegradation (Table 1).},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34548454014,

title = {Ultrastructure of alimentary tract formation in embryos of two insect species: Melasoma saliceti and Chrysolina pardalina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)},

author = { M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and A. Kubala and B. Nowak and S. Pilarczyk and J. Klag},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548454014&doi=10.1016%2fj.asd.2007.03.002&partnerID=40&md5=04d641a68ef3a63373d1129dac05e1ec},

doi = {10.1016/j.asd.2007.03.002},

issn = {14678039},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Arthropod Structure and Development},

volume = {36},

number = {3},

pages = {351-360},

abstract = {Embryogenesis of the alimentary tract in two chrysomelid species (Chrysolina pardalina and Melasoma saliceti) is described. The embryonic development of both species lasts 7 days at room temperature. Stomodaeum and proctodaeum invaginate at the anterior and posterior ends of the germ band. Together with the ectodermal tissue the endoderm cells also enter into the embryo. The anterior and posterior parts of the alimentary tract wedge into the yolk in the form of conical structures. The endodermal cells remain at the yolk surface and start migration over the yolk mass as two lateral bands of cells. The endoderm is always accompanied by mesoderm. On the fifth day of development the endodermal cells together with the mesoderm layer spread over the ventral and dorsal sides of the yolk mass and form the single layered primordium of the midgut epithelium. On the sixth day of development a basal lamina appears between the endoderm and the mesoderm cells and differentiation of both tissues starts. The endodermal epithelium cells change shape from flat to cuboidal and eventually into columnar. Mesoderm cells differentiate into muscle and tracheae. On the 7th day of development stomodaeum and proctodaeum become lined with cuticle and the midgut becomes covered with microvilli. The yolk cells populating the yolk mass do not contribute to midgut formation in the species studied. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-30644457151,

title = {Biodegradation of aged composition of polyethylene with synthetic polyester [Biodegradacja starzonej kompozycji polietylenu z syntetycznym poliestrem]},

author = { S. Łabuzek and B. Nowak and J. Pająk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-30644457151&doi=10.14314%2fpolimery.2006.027&partnerID=40&md5=e702cb7bd5288f2b94cf61d4f07fc809},

doi = {10.14314/polimery.2006.027},

issn = {00322725},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Polimery/Polymers},

volume = {51},

number = {1},

pages = {27-32},

publisher = {Industrial Chemistry Research Institute},

abstract = {The effect of preliminary aging, in abiotic conditions (photo-; thermal or photo-thermal degradation), of the film made of 80 % of PE-LD and 20 % of polyester "Bionolle®" on the course of biodegradation caused by Penicillium funiculosum (filamentous fungi) was investigated. The films made of single components of this mixture (Table 1) were also investigated to compare the results obtained. The degrees of each kind of degradation have been estimated on the basis of changes of film weight loss (Table 2 and 3), the mechanical properties (Table 4) and morphology of the surface (characterized using scanning electron microscopy; Fig. 1 and 2). Changes in chemical structure of polyethylene/polyester blend caused by degradation were interpreted on the basis of IR spectra analysis (Fig. 3-5). It was found that abiotic degradation of the polymers accelerated their subsequent biodegradation and that addition of "Bionolle®" polyester made PE-LD more sensitive to degradation processes.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-24644468242,

title = {Biodegradation of modified polyethylene in soil under laboratory conditions [Biodegradacja modyfikowanego polietylenu w glebie w warunkach laboratoryjnych]},

author = { S. Łabuzek and J. Pająk and B. Nowak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24644468242&doi=10.14314%2fpolimery.2005.675&partnerID=40&md5=ff4c13e65bd14012341da6a8aa328a9b},

doi = {10.14314/polimery.2005.675},

issn = {00322725},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Polimery/Polymers},

volume = {50},

number = {9},

pages = {675-681},

publisher = {Industrial Chemistry Research Institute},

abstract = {The purpose of the study was to determine the biodegradation of polyethylene films modified with Bionolle® polyester in the soil, under laboratory conditions. The films examined (of neat PE-LD; neat polyester and system PE-LD:polyester = 70:30) were exposed to action of Penicillinum funiculosum or mixed fungi inoculum. Changes in organic matter content, humidity and pH of three kinds of soil (taken from a burrow; a forest and St. Anna Hill's crater bottom) (Table 2) caused by degradation (up to 225 days) were characterized. Weight loss (Table 3) and mechanical properties (Table 4) of the films during degradation were determined. Scanning electron microscopy method has been used to estimate the surface of samples biodegraded (Fig. 1 and 2) while changes in the chemical structure of polymer chains were analyzed by IR method (Fig. 3). Film of polyethylene modified with Bionolle® polyester biodegraded in the soil both poor and rich in organic matter. Such biodegradation leads to chemical conversions of both polyester and polyethylene.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-1842433606,

title = {The susceptibility of polyethylene modified with bionolle to biodegradation by filamentous fungi},

author = { S. Łabuzek and B. Nowak and J. Pająk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1842433606&partnerID=40&md5=6c148da832cb661b77250005379c307c},

issn = {12301485},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Polish Journal of Environmental Studies},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

pages = {59-68},

abstract = {The aim of this investigation was the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film modified with Bionolle by fungi. The samples in the form of composite films were prepared by homogenization and extrusion. The effect of polymer composition on mechanical properties was determined. We proved that the composite film had higher tensile strength and elongation at break than LDPE. Examined films were incubated in the presence of the fungi Aspergillus niger and Penicillium funiculosum isolated from a dump. Degree of colonization and surface morphology of the films with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope were observed. The effect of microorganisms' action on the samples by the loss of mass and FTIR spectroscopy was estimated. The results of the study have proven that both fungi were capable of degrading polyethylene. P. funiculosum, which is well known for secreting various polymerdegrading enzymes totally assimilated the composite film containing 40% of this highly hydrophobic polymer. It was concluded that polyethylene film modified with 60% (wt/wt) Bionolle can be degraded within 90 days according to European directive 94/92/EC.},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0036221851,

title = {Biodegradation of polyethylene modified with "Bionolle®" polyester [Biodegradacja polietylenu modyfikowanego poliestrem "Bionolle®"]},

author = { S. Łabuzek and J. Pająk and B. Nowak and E. Majdiuk and J. Karcz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036221851&doi=10.14314%2fpolimery.2002.256&partnerID=40&md5=3cbfca4dbcee1e00e6be05ba7cb82cf3},

doi = {10.14314/polimery.2002.256},

issn = {00322725},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Polimery/Polymers},

volume = {47},

number = {4},

pages = {256-261},

publisher = {Industrial Chemistry Research Institute},

abstract = {Susceptibility of polyethylene film modified with different quantities (up to 30% by weight - Table 1) of "Bionolle®" polyester to biodegradation caused by various strains of microscopic fungi was investigated. Fungi growth on film (Fig. 1), film weight loss (Table 2) were determined, surface changes were observed by SEM (Fig. 2) and FT-IR spectra of the films were recorded (Fig. 3). It was concluded that changes on film surface and morphological forms of the fungi depend on film composition. 30% addition of polyester accelerates biodegradation of PE.},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}