@article{2-s2.0-85190780929,

title = {High temporal resolution records of the velocity of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in Svalbard},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and B. Luks and M. Petlicki and D. Puczko and D. Ignatiuk and M. Laska and J.A. Jania and P. Głowacki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85190780929&doi=10.5194%2fessd-16-1847-2024&partnerID=40&md5=684d43901b72e61b32d4bb2da82bfc6b},

doi = {10.5194/essd-16-1847-2024},

issn = {18663508},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Earth System Science Data},

volume = {16},

number = {4},

pages = {1847-1860},

publisher = {Copernicus Publications},

abstract = {Monitoring changes in glacial dynamics is essential for understanding the environmental response to accelerated climate warming in the Arctic. However, geodetic surveys in polar regions continue to present considerable challenges because of the harsh environmental conditions and the polar night. This study records a 14-year-long time series (2006-2019) of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) surveys of the positions of 16 ablation stakes distributed across Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in southern Svalbard. The measurements were conducted with an exceptionally high temporal resolution, from about 1 week to about 1 month, and covering altitudes ranging from 20 to 490ma.s.l. The position of one stake was surveyed every day. The primary data products consist of the stake coordinates and velocities. Time series of annual and seasonal velocities are also provided. This dataset may be a subject of further studies of glacier dynamics in relation to the long-term and seasonal impact of climate change on ice flow in the region. It also offers unique material for tuning numerical models of glacier dynamics and for validating satellite-derived products such as velocity and digital elevation models. The dataset described here has been made publicly available through the Zenodo repository: 10.5281/zenodo.8289380 (Błaszczyk et al.; 2023). © Author(s) 2024.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85147953337,

title = {Comparison of Three Methods for Distinguishing Glacier Zones Using Satellite SAR Data},

author = { B. Barzycka and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and M. Błaszczyk and F. Pálsson and M. Laska and D. Ignatiuk and G.T. Aðalgeirsdóttir},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147953337&doi=10.3390%2frs15030690&partnerID=40&md5=46905b190033ecb0b5adfdc1b88c422e},

doi = {10.3390/rs15030690},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {15},

number = {3},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Changes in glacier zones (e.g.; firn; superimposed ice; ice) are good indicators of glacier response to climate change. There are few studies of glacier zone detection by SAR that are focused on more than one ice body and validated by terrestrial data. This study is unique in terms of the dataset collected—four C- and L-band quad-pol satellite SAR images, Ground Penetrating Radar data, shallow glacier cores—and the number of land ice bodies analyzed, namely, three tidewater glaciers in Svalbard and one ice cap in Iceland. The main aim is to assess how well popular methods of SAR analysis perform in distinguishing glacier zones, regardless of factors such as the morphologic differences of the ice bodies, or differences in SAR data. We test and validate three methods of glacier zone detection: (1) Gaussian Mixture Model–Expectation Maximization (GMM-EM) clustering of dual-pol backscattering coefficient (sigma0); (2) GMM-EM of quad-pol Pauli decomposition; and (3) quad-pol H/α Wishart segmentation. The main findings are that the unsupervised classification of both sigma0 and Pauli decomposition are promising methods for distinguishing glacier zones. The former performs better at detecting the firn zone on SAR images, and the latter in the superimposed ice zone. Additionally, C-band SAR data perform better than L-band at detecting firn, but the latter can potentially separate crevasses via the classification of sigma0 or Pauli decomposition. H/α Wishart segmentation resulted in inconsistent results across the tested cases and did not detect crevasses on L-band SAR data. © 2023 by the authors.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85145882623,

title = {Changes in the Structure of the Snow Cover of Hansbreen (S Spitsbergen) Derived from Repeated High-Frequency Radio-Echo Sounding},

author = { K. Kachniarz and M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and M. Laska and B. Luks},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145882623&doi=10.3390%2frs15010189&partnerID=40&md5=17344ba50cc2bab015206bb862299a75},

doi = {10.3390/rs15010189},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {15},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {This paper explores the potential of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) monitoring for an advanced understanding of snow cover processes and structure. For this purpose, the study uses the Hansbreen (SW Spitsbergen) records that are among the longest and the most comprehensive snow-cover GPR monitoring records available on Svalbard. While snow depth (HS) is frequently the only feature derived from high-frequency radio-echo sounding (RES), this study also offers an analysis of the physical characteristics (grain shape; size; hardness; and density) of the snow cover structure. We demonstrate that, based on GPR data (800 MHz) and a single snow pit, it is possible to extrapolate the detailed features of snow cover to the accumulation area. Field studies (snow pits and RES) were conducted at the end of selected accumulation seasons in the period 2008–2019, under dry snow conditions and HS close to the maximum. The paper shows that although the snow cover structure varies in space and from season to season, a single snow pit site can represent the entire center line of the accumulation zone. Numerous hard layers (HLs) (up to 30% of the snow column) were observed that reflect progressive climate change, but there is no trend in quantity, thickness, or percentage contribution in total snow depth in the study period. HLs with strong crystal bonds create a “framework” in the snowpack, which reduces compaction and, consequently, the ice formation layers slow down the rate of snowpack metamorphosis. The extrapolation of snow pit data through radar profiling is a novel solution that can improve spatial recognition of snow cover characteristics and the accuracy of calculation of snow water equivalent (SWE). © 2022 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85140862605,

title = {Hansbreen Snowpit Dataset – over 30-year of detailed snow research on an Arctic glacier},

author = { M. Laska and B. Luks and D. Kępski and B. Gądek and P. Głowacki and D. Puczko and K. Migała and A. Nawrot and M. Petlicki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140862605&doi=10.1038%2fs41597-022-01767-8&partnerID=40&md5=fe31eefeff6057c4a5c1532ffed93dda},

doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01767-8},

issn = {20524463},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Data},

volume = {9},

number = {1},

publisher = {Nature Research},

abstract = {Snow cover is a key element in the water cycle, global heat balance and in the condition of glaciers. Characterised by high temporal and spatial variability, it is subject to short- and long-term changes in climatic conditions. This paper presents a unique dataset of snow measurements on Hansbreen, an Arctic glacier in Svalbard. The dataset includes 79 archived snow profiles performed from 1989 to 2021. It presents all available observations of physical properties for snow cover, such as grain shape and size, hardness, wetness, temperature and density, supplemented with organised metadata. All data has been revised and unified with current protocols and the present International Classification for Seasonal Snow on the Ground, allowing comparison of data from different periods and locations. The information included is essential for estimations of glacier mass balance or snow depth using indirect methods, such as ground-penetrating radar. A wide range of input data makes this dataset valuable to the greater community involved in the study of snow cover evolution and modelling related to glaciology, ecology and hydrology of glacierised areas. © 2022, The Author(s).},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85139596246,

title = {Newly identified climatically and environmentally significant high-latitude dust sources},

author = { M. Laska and A. Uppstu and O. Meinander and P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova and P.V. Amosov and E.N. Aseyeva and C.B. Atkins and A. Baklanov and C. Baldo and S.L. Barr and B. Barzycka and L.G. Benning and B. Cvetković and P.R. Enchilik and D. Frolov and S. Gassó and K. Kandler and N.S. Kasimov and J. Kavan and Ja.S. King and T.V. Koroleva and V.V. Krupskaya and M. Kulmala and M.A. Kusiak and H.K. Lappalainen and J. Lasne and M. Lewandowski and B. Luks and J.B. McQuaid and B. Moroni and B.J. Murray and O. Möhler and A. Nawrot and S. Ničković and N.T. O'Neill and G.A. Pejanović and O.B. Popovicheva and K. Ranjbar and M.N. Romanías and O.A. Samonova and A. Sanchez-Marroquin and K. Schepanski and I.N. Semenkov and A.V. Sharapova and E. Shevnina and Z. Shi and M. Sofiev and F. Thévenet and T. Thorsteinsson and M.A. Timofeev and N.S. Umo and D. Urupina and Authors. Other},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139596246&doi=10.5194%2facp-22-11889-2022&partnerID=40&md5=de3721b537a58c7cf86386bf56a2e811},

doi = {10.5194/acp-22-11889-2022},

issn = {16807316},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics},

volume = {22},

number = {17},

pages = {11889-11930},

publisher = {Copernicus Publications},

abstract = {Dust particles from high latitudes have a potentially large local, regional, and global significance to climate and the environment as short-lived climate forcers, air pollutants, and nutrient sources. Identifying the locations of local dust sources and their emission, transport, and deposition processes is important for understanding the multiple impacts of high-latitude dust (HLD) on the Earth's systems. Here, we identify, describe, and quantify the source intensity (SI) values, which show the potential of soil surfaces for dust emission scaled to values 0 to 1 concerning globally best productive sources, using the Global Sand and Dust Storms Source Base Map (G-SDS-SBM). This includes 64 HLD sources in our collection for the northern (Alaska; Canada; Denmark; Greenland; Iceland; Svalbard; Sweden; and Russia) and southern (Antarctica and Patagonia) high latitudes. Activity from most of these HLD sources shows seasonal character. It is estimated that high-latitude land areas with higher (SI ≥0.5), very high (SI ≥0.7), and the highest potential (SI ≥0.9) for dust emission cover >1670000 km2, >560000 km2, and >240000 km2, respectively. In the Arctic HLD region (≥60°N), land area with SI ≥0.5 is 5.5 % (1 035 059 km2), area with SI ≥0.7 is 2.3 % (440 804 km2), and area with SI ≥0.9 is 1.1 % (208 701 km2). Minimum SI values in the northern HLD region are about 3 orders of magnitude smaller, indicating that the dust sources of this region greatly depend on weather conditions. Our spatial dust source distribution analysis modeling results showed evidence supporting a northern HLD belt, defined as the area north of 50°N, with a "transitional HLD-source area"extending at latitudes 50-58°N in Eurasia and 50-55°N in Canada and a "cold HLD-source area"including areas north of 60°N in Eurasia and north of 58°N in Canada, with currently "no dust source"area between the HLD and low-latitude dust (LLD) dust belt, except for British Columbia. Using the global atmospheric transport model SILAM, we estimated that 1.0 % of the global dust emission originated from the high-latitude regions. About 57 % of the dust deposition in snow- and ice-covered Arctic regions was from HLD sources. In the southern HLD region, soil surface conditions are favorable for dust emission during the whole year. Climate change can cause a decrease in the duration of snow cover, retreat of glaciers, and an increase in drought, heatwave intensity, and frequency, leading to the increasing frequency of topsoil conditions favorable for dust emission, which increases the probability of dust storms. Our study provides a step forward to improve the representation of HLD in models and to monitor, quantify, and assess the environmental and climate significance of HLD. Copyright: © 2022 Outi Meinander et al. 

Authors: Meinander, O.; Dagsson-Waldhauserova, P.; Amosov, P.V.; Aseyeva, E.N.; Atkins, C.B.; Baklanov, A.; Baldo, C.; Barr, S.L.; Barzycka, B.; Benning, L.G.; Cvetković, B.; Enchilik, P.R.; Frolov, D.; Gassó, S.; Kandler, K.; Kasimov, N.S.; Kavan, J.; King, Ja.S.; Koroleva, T.V.; Krupskaya, V.V.; Kulmala, M.; Kusiak, M.A.; Lappalainen, H.K.; Laska, M.; Lasne, J.; Lewandowski, M.; Luks, B.; McQuaid, J.B.; Moroni, B.; Murray, B.J.; Möhler, O.; Nawrot, A.; Ničković, S.; O'Neill, N.T.; Pejanović, G.A.; Popovicheva, O.B.; Ranjbar, K.; Romanías, M.N.; Samonova, O.A.; Sanchez-Marroquin, A.; Schepanski, K.; Semenkov, I.N.; Sharapova, A.V.; Shevnina, E.; Shi, Z.; Sofiev, M.; Thévenet, F.; Thorsteinsson, T.; Timofeev, M.A.; Umo, N.S.; Uppstu, A.; Urupina, D.; Varga, G.; Werner, T.; Arnalds, Ó.; Vukovic, A.},

note = {20},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85137752307,

title = {Thermal Sensitivity of High Mountain Lakes: The Role of Morphometry and Topography (The Tatra Mts., Poland)},

author = { M. Szumny and B. Gądek and M. Laska and M. Ciepły},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137752307&doi=10.3390%2fw14172704&partnerID=40&md5=760670ab6bc3fdf1b4c5fcc08b191ba5},

doi = {10.3390/w14172704},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {14},

number = {17},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {This study presents the results of a 5-year monitoring program of ice cover, water temperature, and local meteorological conditions carried out in three reference lakes in the periglacial zone of the Polish Tatra Mountains. On the basis of this information, the relationships between the weighted mean water temperature of each of these lakes and the air temperature, wind speed, precipitation, and ice–snow cover in the summer, spring, and autumn seasons, as well as year-round, were described, and the roles of the morphometry of lakes and the topography of their catchments were determined. It was found that the sensitivity of the lakes to climate warming increased with a decrease in their area/depth and shade, and with an increase in altitude and the share of wind-blown snow in the formation of the ice–snow cover. An increase in the mean annual air temperature does not necessarily translate into the warming of lakes, but, paradoxically, may result in their cooling. The current climate may not be best reflected by the most sensitive lakes, but rather by the largest ones located in the subalpine zone. © 2022 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85130244205,

title = {A decade of glaciological and meteorological observations in the Arctic (Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard)},

author = { D. Ignatiuk and M. Błaszczyk and T. Budzik and M. Grabiec and J.A. Jania and M. Kondracka and M. Laska and Ł. Małarzewski and Ł. Stachnik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130244205&doi=10.5194%2fessd-14-2487-2022&partnerID=40&md5=8056e47ce7607db329b08a2602f71612},

doi = {10.5194/essd-14-2487-2022},

issn = {18663508},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Earth System Science Data},

volume = {14},

number = {5},

pages = {2487-2500},

publisher = {Copernicus Publications},

abstract = {The warming of the Arctic climate is well documented, but the mechanisms of Arctic amplification are still not fully understood. Thus, monitoring of glaciological and meteorological variables and the environmental response to accelerated climate warming must be continued and developed in Svalbard. Long-term meteorological observations carried out in situ on glaciers in conjunction with glaciological monitoring are rare in the Arctic and significantly expand our knowledge about processes in the polar environment. This study presents glaciological and meteorological data collected for 2009-2020 in southern Spitsbergen (Werenskioldbreen). The meteorological data are composed of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, short-wave and long-wave upwelling and downwelling radiation on 10gmin, hourly and daily resolution (2009-2020). The snow dataset includes 49 data records from 2009 to 2019 with the snow depth, snow bulk density and snow water equivalent data. The glaciological data consist of seasonal and annual surface mass balance measurements (point and glacier-wide) for 2009-2020. The paper also includes modelling of the daily glacier surface ablation (2009-2020) based on the presented data. The datasets are expected to serve as local forcing data in hydrological and glaciological models as well as validation of calibration of remote sensing products. The datasets are available from the Polish Polar Database (https://ppdb.us.edu.pl/; last access: 24 May 2022) and Zenodo (10.5281/zenodo.6528321; Ignatiuk; 2021a; 10.5281/zenodo.5792168; Ignatiuk; 2021b). © 2022 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85124136862,

title = {Combined Use of Aerial Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Detecting Geomorphological Changes in Hornsund, Svalbard},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and M. Laska and A. Sivertsen and S.D. Jawak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124136862&doi=10.3390%2frs14030601&partnerID=40&md5=106711c5bc4c520beb112a63eaa8e7b7},

doi = {10.3390/rs14030601},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {14},

number = {3},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The Arctic is a region undergoing continuous and significant changes in land relief due to different glaciological, geomorphological and hydrogeological processes. To study those phenomena, digital elevation models (DEMs) and highly accurate maps with high spatial resolution are of prime importance. In this work, we assess the accuracy of high-resolution photogrammetric DEMs and orthomosaics derived from aerial images captured in 2020 over Hornsund, Svalbard. Further, we demonstrate the accuracy of DEMs generated using point clouds acquired in 2021 with a Riegl VZ®-6000 terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). Aerial and terrestrial data were georeferenced and registered based on very reliable ground control points measured in the field. Both DEMs, however, had some data gaps due to insufficient overlaps in aerial images and limited sensing range of the TLS. Therefore, we compared and integrated the two techniques to create a continuous and gapless DEM for the scientific community in Svalbard. This approach also made it possible to identify geomorphological activity over a one-year period, such as the melting of ice cores at the periglacial zone, changes along the shoreline or snow thickness in gullies. The study highlights the potential for combining other techniques to represent the active processes in this region. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85091253817,

title = {Changes of glacier facies on Hornsund glaciers (Svalbard) during the decade 2007–2017},

author = { B. Barzycka and M. Grabiec and M. Błaszczyk and D. Ignatiuk and M. Laska and J.O.M. Hagen and J.A. Jania},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091253817&doi=10.1016%2fj.rse.2020.112060&partnerID=40&md5=b5780b8e8884ddd39b23acc4e892b50e},

doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2020.112060},

issn = {00344257},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},

volume = {251},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Changes in glacier facies (glacier zones), such as firn or superimposed ice (SI), are good indicators of glacier response to climate change. They are especially important for fast-warming Svalbard, where only a few glaciers are under glaciological mass balance monitoring. This paper presents a first study of changes of glacier facies extent for three tidewater glaciers located in southern Spitsbergen (Svalbard) and it is based on both satellite remote sensing and terrestrial data analysis, covering two time spans: 2007–2017 for Hansbreen and 2012–2017 for Storbreen and Hornbreen. Satellite remote sensing analysis include unsupervised classification of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from both decommissioned (ENVISAT ASAR) and modern satellite missions (RADARSAT-2; Sentinel-1). The results of the SAR classification are compared to the information on glacier zones retrieved from terrestrial data, i.e. shallow cores and visual interpretation of 800 MHz Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profiles. In addition, a novel application of the Internal Reflection Power (IRP) coefficient as an objective method of distinguishing glacier zones based on GPR data is discussed. Changes in glacier facies areas over time are analysed, as well as their correlation to Hansbreen's mass balance. The main finding of the study is that firn and SI of Hansbreen, Storbreen and Hornbreen significantly decreased over the study period. For example, due to continuous negative mass balance between 2010 and 2017, the contribution of firn area to Hansbreen's total area decreased ca. 14% (cumulative firn area loss during that time: ~45%) whereas since 2012 SI has not been distinguished as a vast area on this glacier. In addition, an east–west gradient of firn area loss was observed as a result of differences in local climate conditions. Therefore, for the common time span (i.e. 2012–2017) Hansbreen recorded a ca. 12% loss of firn contribution to glacier area whereas Hornbreen recorded ca. 9%. Finally, application of the IRP coefficient as an objective method of glacier zones discrimination by GPR data gave very good results, so the method is recommended for future analysis of glacier zones instead, or as a support, to popular visual interpretation of the GPR profiles. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85098087548,

title = {Seeking the sources of dust: Geochemical and magnetic studies on “cryodust” in glacial cores from southern spitsbergen (Svalbard, Norway)},

author = { M. Lewandowski and M.A. Kusiak and T. Werner and A.P. Nawrot and B. Barzycka and M. Laska and B. Luks},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098087548&doi=10.3390%2fatmos11121325&partnerID=40&md5=6184057d927803ece8923bbfda836bd6},

doi = {10.3390/atmos11121325},

issn = {20734433},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Atmosphere},

volume = {11},

number = {12},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Natural mineral particulate matter deposited from aerosols and trapped in glaciers— herein defined as “cryodust”—may be an excellent indicator of atmospheric circulation, if terrestrial sources of dust can be identified. In this study, we analyzed the composition of cryodust in shallow ice cores taken from five glaciers in Southern Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago; Northern Norway). The chemical composition, magnetic properties and radiogenic ages of individual grains were measured, where possible, to provide indicators of source areas. To identify mineral and rock fragments, solid particulates were examined by Scanning Electron Microscope fitted with a backscattered electron and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopic detectors. An Electron MicroProbe was employed for the U-Th-Pb chemical dating of monazite grains. Magnetic measurements comprised analyses of magnetic susceptibility (κ) vs. temperature (T) variations and determination of magnetic hysteresis parameters. Monazite ages span 445–423 Ma, consistent with mineral growth during the Caledonian orogeny. Caledonian rocks are exposed in the Nordaustlandet area of North-Eastern Svalbard, and this is the most probable source for monazite grains. Magnetic analyses show a predominance of ferrous (FeII ) over ferric (FeIII ) phases, consistent with a lack of input from subtropical sources. The results from both methods are consistent with local sources of dust from exposures in the Svalbard archipelago. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85065706353,

title = {Quality assessment and glaciological applications of digital elevation models derived from space-borne and aerial images over two tidewater glaciers of southern spitsbergen},

author = { M. Błaszczyk and D. Ignatiuk and M. Grabiec and L. Kolondra and M. Laska and L. Decaux and J.A. Jania and E. Berthier and B. Luks and B. Barzycka and M. Czapla},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065706353&doi=10.3390%2frs11091121&partnerID=40&md5=626b9c5b2afcde929d4332920b85ce35},

doi = {10.3390/rs11091121},

issn = {20724292},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {11},

number = {9},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {In this study, we assess the accuracy and precision of digital elevation models (DEM) retrieved from aerial photographs taken in 2011 and from Very High Resolution satellite images (WorldView-2 and Pléiades) from the period 2012-2017. Additionally, the accuracy of the freely available Strip product of ArcticDEM was verified. We use the DEMs to characterize geometry changes over Hansbreen and Hornbreen, two tidewater glaciers in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The satellite-based DEMs from WorldView-2 and Pléiades stereo pairs were processed using the Rational Function Model (RFM) without and with one ground control point. The elevation quality of the DEMs over glacierized areas was validated with in situ data: static differential GPS survey of mass balance stakes and GPS kinematic data acquired during ground penetrating radar survey. Results demonstrate the usefulness of the analyzed sources of DEMs for estimation of the total geodetic mass balance of the Svalbard glaciers. DEM accuracy is sufficient to investigate glacier surface elevation changes above 1 m. Strips from the ArcticDEM are generally precise, but some of them showed gross errors and need to be handled with caution. The surface of Hansbreen and Hornbreen has been lowering in recent years. The average annual elevation changes for Hansbreen were more negative in the period 2015-2017 (-2.4 m a-1) than in the period 2011-2015 (-1.7 m a-1). The average annual elevation changes over the studied area of Hornbreen for the period 2012-2017 amounted to -1.6 m a-1. The geodetic mass balance for Hansbreen was more negative than the climatic mass balance estimated using the mass budget method, probably due to underestimation of the ice discharge. From 2011 to 2017, Hansbreen lost on average over 1% of its volume each year. Such a high rate of relative loss illustrates how fast these glaciers are responding to climate change. © 2019 by the authors.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85061674896,

title = {The role of winter rain in the glacial system on Svalbard},

author = { E.B. Łupikasza and D. Ignatiuk and M. Grabiec and K. Cielecka-Nowak and M. Laska and J.A. Jania and B. Luks and A. Uszczyk and T. Budzik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061674896&doi=10.3390%2fw11020334&partnerID=40&md5=d7e66db094c7e1118a1ffe687c120fdc},

doi = {10.3390/w11020334},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {11},

number = {2},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Rapid Arctic warming results in increased winter rain frequencies, which may impact glacial systems. In this paper, we discuss climatology and precipitation form trends, followed by examining the influence of winter rainfall (Oct-May) on both the mass balance and dynamics of Hansbreen (Svalbard). We used data from the Hornsund meteorological station (01003 WMO), in addition to the original meteorological and glaciological data from three measurement points on Hansbreen. Precipitation phases were identified based on records of weather phenomena and used-along with information on lapse rate-to estimate the occurrence and altitudinal extent of winter rainfall over the glacier. We found an increase in the frequency of winter rain in Hornsund, and that these events impact both glacier mass balance and glacier dynamics. However, the latter varied depending on the degree of snow cover and drainage systems development. In early winter, given the initial, thin snow cover and an inefficient drainage system, rainfall increased glacier velocity. Full-season winter rainfall on well-developed snow was effectively stored in the glacier, contributing on average to 9% of the winter accumulation. © 2019 by the authors.},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85077654725,

title = {Importance of snow as component of surface mass balance of Arctic glacier (Hansbreen, southern Spitsbergen)},

author = { A. Uszczyk and M. Grabiec and M. Laska and M. Kuhn and D. Ignatiuk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077654725&doi=10.24425%2fppr.2019.130901&partnerID=40&md5=fd2fd2800633ebe70fe781efede3e6c2},

doi = {10.24425/ppr.2019.130901},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {40},

number = {4},

pages = {311-338},

publisher = {Polish Academy of Sciences},

abstract = {Snowmelt is a very important component of freshwater resources in the polar environment. Seasonal fluctuations in the water supply to glacial drainage systems influence glacier dynamics and indirectly affect water circulation and stratification in fjords. Here, we present spatial distribution of the meltwater production from the snow cover on Hansbreen in southern Spitsbergen. We estimated the volume of freshwater coming from snow deposited over this glacier. As a case study, we used 2014 being one of the warmest season in the 21st century. The depth of snow cover was measured using a high frequency Ground Penetrating Radar close to the maximum stage of accumulation. Simultaneously, a series of studies were conducted to analyse the structure of the snowpack and its physical properties in three snow pits in different glacier elevation zones. These data were combined to construct a snow density model for the entire glacier, which together with snow depth distribution represents essential parameters to estimate glacier winter mass balance. A temperature index model was used to calculate snow ablation, applying an average temperature lapse rate and surface elevation changes. Applying variable with altitude degree day factor, we estimated an average daily rate of ablation between 0.023 m d-1 °C-1 (for the ablation zone) and 0.027 m d-1 °C-1 (in accumulation zone). This melting rate was further validated by direct ablation data at reference sites on the glacier. An average daily water production by snowmelt in 2014 ablation season was 0.0065 m w.e. (water equivalent) and 41.52·106 m3 of freshwater in total. This ablation concerned 85.5% of the total water accumulated during winter in snow cover. Extreme daily melting exceeded 0.020 m w.e. in June and September 2014 with a maximum on 6th July 2014 (0.027 m w.e.). The snow cover has completely disappeared at the end of ablation season on 75.8% of the surface of Hansbreen. Copyright © 2019.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85031897110,

title = {Melting characteristics of snow cover on tidewater glaciers in Hornsund Fjord, Svalbard},

author = { M. Laska and B. Barzycka and B. Luks},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031897110&doi=10.3390%2fw9100804&partnerID=40&md5=60cef833889e118c08afb70451b8a5d1},

doi = {10.3390/w9100804},

issn = {20734441},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Water (Switzerland)},

volume = {9},

number = {10},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {In recent years, the Svalbard area, especially its southern section, has been characterised by an exceptionally thin snow cover, which has a significant impact of the annual mass balance of glaciers. The objective of this study was to determine melting processes of the snow cover deposited on 11 glaciers that terminate into Hornsund Fjord during the melting period of 2014. The study included analyses of snow pits and snow cores, meteorological data collected from automatic weather stations and Polish Polar Station Hornsund, and supervised classification of six Landsat 8 images for assessing the progress of snow cover melting. The calculated Snow-Covered Area (SCA) varied from 98% at the beginning of the melting season to 43% at the end of August. The melting vertical gradient on Hansbreen was -0.34 m 100 m-1, leading to surface melting of -1.4 cm water equivalent (w.e.) day-1 in the ablation zone (c. 200 m a.s.l. (above sea level)) and -0.7 cm w.e. day-1 in the accumulation zone (c. 400 m a.s.l.). Furthermore, the study identified several observed features such as low snow depth in the accumulation zone of the Hornsund glaciers, a large proportion of the snow layers (12-27%) produced by rain-on-snow events, and a frequent occurrence of summer thermal inversions (80% annually), indicating that the area is experiencing intensive climate changes. © 2017 by the authors.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85031894997,

title = {Snow deposition patterns on southern spitsbergen glaciers, svalbard, in relation to recent meteorological conditions and local topography},

author = { M. Laska and M. Grabiec and D. Ignatiuk and T. Budzik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031894997&doi=10.1080%2f04353676.2017.1327321&partnerID=40&md5=b5a0b4c516833a727793b0c6cc4111d0},

doi = {10.1080/04353676.2017.1327321},

issn = {04353676},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography},

volume = {99},

number = {3},

pages = {262-287},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {We present a detailed study on snow cover on six different glaciers southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard: Amundsenisen, Flatbreen, HansbreeNannbreen, Storbreen and Werenskioldbreen. Fieldwork was carried ouin April–May 2013, at the end of the accumulation season, to determinlarge-scale spatial distribution patterns of snow cover on glaciesurrounding the Hornsund Fjord. Snow depth was measured using 800 MHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR). In addition, the structure the snowpack was determined by digging snow pits and collectinsnow cores from different glacier facies. These samples wersubsequently analysed against circulation types and meteorological datfrom selected sites. In particular, snow patterns were compared againrain-on-snow events. The mean snow depth measures ranged fro1.90 m (Werenskioldbreen) to 3.80 m (Amundsenisen), whereas thaccumulation gradient ranged from 15 cm 100 m−1 (Storbreen) to 74 c100 m−1 (Nannbreen). These results followed previous observationsuggesting a decrease in snow accumulation from coastal areas towardthe island’s interior. The estimated snow water equivalent values werlower than those measured in the 1990s and during 2010 (Hansbreen: −48%), with the exception of Amundsenisen (c. +17%). The relativehigh densities found in the snowpack did not compensate for thshallow snow depths measured, which can be ascribed to loprecipitation totals and an increased frequency of rain events during thwinter months. © 2017 Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84978144269,

title = {Influence of snowpack internal structure on snow metamorphism and melting intensity on Hansbreen, Svalbard},

author = { M. Laska and B. Luks and T. Budzik},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978144269&doi=10.1515%2fpopore-2016-0012&partnerID=40&md5=f993c5a3d683c386e40aa631b3e34305},

doi = {10.1515/popore-2016-0012},

issn = {01380338},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Polish Polar Research},

volume = {37},

number = {2},

pages = {193-218},

publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},

abstract = {This paper presents a detailed study of melting processes conducted on Hansbreen - a tidewater glacier terminating in the Hornsund fjord, Spitsbergen. The fieldwork was carried out from April to July 2010. The study included observations of meltwater distribution within snow profiles in different locations and determination of its penetration time to the glacier ice surface. In addition, the variability of the snow temperature and heat transfer within the snow cover were measured. The main objective concerns the impact of meltwater on the diversity of physical characteristics of the snow cover and its melting dynamics. The obtained results indicate a time delay between the beginning of the melting processes and meltwater reaching the ice surface. The time necessary for meltwater to percolate through the entire snowpack in both, the ablation zone and the equilibrium line zone amounted to c. 12 days, despite a much greater snow depth at the upper site. An elongated retention of meltwater in the lower part of the glacier was caused by a higher amount of icy layers (ice formations and melt-freeze crusts), resulting from winter thaws, which delayed water penetration. For this reason, a reconstruction of rain-on-snow events was carried out. Such results give new insight into the processes of the reactivation of the glacier drainage system and the release of freshwater into the sea after the winter period. © 2016 Polish Academy of Sciences.},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84981235501,

title = {Variability in transport of terrigenous material on the shelves and the deep Arctic Ocean during the Holocene},

author = { C. Wegner and K.E. Bennett and A. de Vernal and M. Forwick and M. Fritz and M. Heikkilä and M. Łącka and H. Lantuit and M. Laska and M. Moskalik and M. O’Regan and J. Pawłowska and A. Strzelewicz and V. Rachold and J.E. Vonk and K. Werner},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84981235501&doi=10.3402%2fpolar.v34.24964&partnerID=40&md5=21b81a46d85e89d0f9c905937da274e3},

doi = {10.3402/polar.v34.24964},

issn = {08000395},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Polar Research},

volume = {34},

number = {1},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {Arctic coastal zones serve as a sensitive filter for terrigenous matter input onto the shelves via river discharge and coastal erosion. This material is further distributed across the Arctic by ocean currents and sea ice. The coastal regions are particularly vulnerable to changes related to recent climate change. We compiled a pan-Arctic review that looks into the changing Holocene sources, transport processes and sinks of terrigenous sediment in the Arctic Ocean. Existing palaeoceanographic studies demonstrate how climate warming and the disappearance of ice sheets during the early Holocene initiated eustatic sea-level rise that greatly modified the physiography of the Arctic Ocean. Sedimentation rates over the shelves and slopes were much greater during periods of rapid sea-level rise in the early and middle Holocene, as a result of the relative distance to the terrestrial sediment sources. However, estimates of suspended sediment delivery through major Arctic rivers do not indicate enhanced delivery during this time, which suggests enhanced rates of coastal erosion. The increased supply of terrigenous material to the outer shelves and deep Arctic Ocean in the early and middle Holocene might serve as analogous to forecast changes in the future Arctic. © 2015 C. Wegner et al.},

note = {37},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}