@article{2-s2.0-85177051388,

title = {CRISPR enables sustainable cereal production for a greener future},

author = { S. Ahmar and A. Karmaoui and G. Hensel and K.H. Jung and D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85177051388&doi=10.1016%2fj.tplants.2023.10.016&partnerID=40&md5=065ec87ea90cb4f330b30e070dc3ce9c},

doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2023.10.016},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Trends in Plant Science},

volume = {29},

number = {2},

pages = {179-195},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has become the most important tool for targeted genome editing in many plant and animal species over the past decade. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology has also sparked a flood of applications and technical advancements in genome editing in the key cereal crops, including rice, wheat, maize, and barley. Here, we review advanced uses of CRISPR/Cas9 and derived systems in genome editing of cereal crops to enhance a variety of agronomically important features. We also highlight new technological advances for delivering preassembled Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-editing systems, multiplex editing, gain-of-function strategies, the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools, and combining CRISPR with novel speed breeding (SB) and vernalization strategies. © 2023 The Author(s)},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85197206951,

title = {Drought-induced molecular changes in crown of various barley phytohormone mutants},

author = { A. Kuczyńska and M. Michałek and P. Ogrodowicz and M. Kempa and N. Witaszak and M.A. Dziurka and D. Gruszka and A. Daszkowska-Golec and I. Szarejko and P. Krajewski and K. Mikołajczak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85197206951&doi=10.1080%2f15592324.2024.2371693&partnerID=40&md5=87d5d0f51c998878df41f393367bdc0f},

doi = {10.1080/15592324.2024.2371693},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Plant Signaling and Behavior},

volume = {19},

number = {1},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {One of the main signal transduction pathways that modulate plant growth and stress responses, including drought, is the action of phytohormones. Recent advances in omics approaches have facilitated the exploration of plant genomes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response in the crown of barley, which plays an essential role in plant performance under stress conditions and regeneration after stress treatment, remain largely unclear. The objective of the present study was the elucidation of drought-induced molecular reactions in the crowns of different barley phytohormone mutants. We verified the hypothesis that defects of gibberellins, brassinosteroids, and strigolactones action affect the transcriptomic, proteomic, and hormonal response of barley crown to the transitory drought influencing plant development under stress. Moreover, we assumed that due to the strong connection between strigolactones and branching the hvdwarf14.d mutant, with dysfunctional receptor of strigolactones, manifests the most abundant alternations in crowns and phenotype under drought. Finally, we expected to identify components underlying the core response to drought which are independent of the genetic background. Large-scale analyses were conducted using gibberellins-biosynthesis, brassinosteroids-signaling, and strigolactones-signaling mutants, as well as reference genotypes. Detailed phenotypic evaluation was also conducted. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that hormonal disorders caused by mutations in the HvGA20ox2, HvBRI1, and HvD14 genes affected the multifaceted reaction of crowns to drought, although the expression of these genes was not induced by stress. The study further detected not only genes and proteins that were involved in the drought response and reacted specifically in mutants compared to the reaction of reference genotypes and vice versa, but also the candidates that may underlie the genotype-universal stress response. Furthermore, candidate genes involved in phytohormonal interactions during the drought response were identified. We also found that the interplay between hormones, especially gibberellins and auxins, as well as strigolactones and cytokinins may be associated with the regulation of branching in crowns exposed to drought. Overall, the present study provides novel insights into the molecular drought-induced responses that occur in barley crowns. © 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85175464555,

title = {Mutual dependence of brassinosteroid homeostasis and plasmodesmata permeability},

author = { S. Ahmar and D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175464555&doi=10.1016%2fj.tplants.2023.10.010&partnerID=40&md5=22722e991fb952e9af883d408e163e75},

doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2023.10.010},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Trends in Plant Science},

volume = {29},

number = {1},

pages = {10-12},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Brassinosteroids (BRs) are exceptional phytohormones: they do not undergo a long-distance transport between plant organs. However, the mechanism of short-distance (intercellular) transport of BRs remains poorly understood. Recently, Wang et al. provided a novel insight into the mutual dependence of BR homeostasis, their intercellular transport, and plasmodesmata permeability. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85192810736,

title = {Heat Pre-Treatment Modified Host and Non-Host Interactions of Powdery Mildew with Barley Brassinosteroid Mutants and Wild Types},

author = { M. Rys and D. Saja and J. Fodor and J. Oliwa and G. Gullner and C.B. Juhász and A. Kornaś and A. Skoczowski and D. Gruszka and A. Janeczko and B. Barna},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85192810736&doi=10.3390%2flife14010160&partnerID=40&md5=26c4283dd7051520cb3013aff17dbe34},

doi = {10.3390/life14010160},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Life},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {High temperatures associated with climate change may increase the severity of plant diseases. This study investigated the effect of heat shock treatment on host and non-host barley powdery mildew interactions using brassinosteroid (BR) mutants of barley. Brassinosteroids are plant steroid hormones, but so far little is known about their role in plant-fungal interactions. Wild type barley cultivar Bowman and its near-isogenic lines with disturbances in BR biosynthesis or signalling showed high compatibility to barley powdery mildew race A6, while cultivar Delisa and its BR-deficient mutants 522DK and 527DK were fully incompatible with this pathogen (host plant-pathogen interactions). On the other hand, Bowman and its mutants were highly resistant to wheat powdery mildew, representing non-host plant-pathogen interactions. Heat pre-treatment induced shifts in these plant-pathogen interactions towards higher susceptibility. In agreement with the more severe disease symptoms, light microscopy showed a decrease in papillae formation and hypersensitive response, characteristic of incompatible interactions, when heat pre-treatment was applied. Mutant 527DK, but not 522DK, maintained high resistance to barley powdery mildew race A6 despite heat pre-treatment. By 10 days after heat treatment and infection, a noticeable shift became apparent in the chlorophyll a fluorescence and in various leaf reflectance parameters at all genotypes. © 2024 by the authors.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85170421280,

title = {CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing techniques and new breeding strategies in cereals – current status, improvements, and perspectives},

author = { S. Ahmar and G. Hensel and D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85170421280&doi=10.1016%2fj.biotechadv.2023.108248&partnerID=40&md5=8cdcf45d9e4a8c8109da1120361aec46},

doi = {10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108248},

issn = {07349750},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Biotechnology Advances},

volume = {69},

publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},

abstract = {Cereal crops, including triticeae species (barley; wheat; rye), as well as edible cereals (wheat; corn; rice; oat; rye; sorghum), are significant suppliers for human consumption, livestock feed, and breweries. Over the past half-century, modern varieties of cereal crops with increased yields have contributed to global food security. However, presently cultivated elite crop varieties were developed mainly for optimal environmental conditions. Thus, it has become evident that taking into account the ongoing climate changes, currently a priority should be given to developing new stress-tolerant cereal cultivars. It is necessary to enhance the accuracy of methods and time required to generate new cereal cultivars with the desired features to adapt to climate change and keep up with the world population expansion. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been developed as a powerful and versatile genome editing tool to achieve desirable traits, such as developing high-yielding, stress-tolerant, and disease-resistant transgene-free lines in major cereals. Despite recent advances, the CRISPR/Cas9 application in cereals faces several challenges, including a significant amount of time required to develop transgene-free lines, laboriousness, and a limited number of genotypes that may be used for the transformation and in vitro regeneration. Additionally, developing elite lines through genome editing has been restricted in many countries, especially Europe and New Zealand, due to a lack of flexibility in GMO regulations. This review provides a comprehensive update to researchers interested in improving cereals using gene-editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9. We will review some critical and recent studies on crop improvements and their contributing factors to superior cereals through gene-editing technologies. © 2023 The Authors},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85166671709,

title = {CRISPR/Cas9 boosts wheat yield by reducing brassinosteroid signaling},

author = { S. Ahmar and D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85166671709&doi=10.1016%2fj.tibs.2023.07.005&partnerID=40&md5=e081793a0aa793c1f90a260ea0091c3e},

doi = {10.1016/j.tibs.2023.07.005},

issn = {09680004},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Trends in Biochemical Sciences},

volume = {48},

number = {11},

pages = {917-919},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {A modern green revolution is needed to ensure global food security. Recently, Song et al. reported a new strategy to create high-yielding, semi-dwarf wheat varieties with improved nitrogen-use efficiency by inhibiting brassinosteroid (BR) signaling through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein9 (Cas9)-mediated knockout of the ZnF-B gene encoding a zinc-finger RING-type E3 ligase. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85156109383,

title = {Analyses of genes encoding the Glycogen Synthase Kinases in rice and Arabidopsis reveal mechanisms which regulate their expression during development and responses to abiotic stresses},

author = { S. Ahmar and K. Zolkiewicz and D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85156109383&doi=10.1016%2fj.plantsci.2023.111724&partnerID=40&md5=64945f5d4233926ca37a22804ef77d1c},

doi = {10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111724},

issn = {01689452},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Plant Science},

volume = {332},

publisher = {Elsevier Ireland Ltd},

abstract = {Plant Glycogen Synthase Kinases (GSKs) enable a crosstalk among the brassinosteroid signaling and phytohormonal- and stress-response pathways to regulate various physiological processes. Initial information about regulation of the GSK proteins’ activity was obtained, however, mechanisms that modulate expression of the GSK genes during plant development and stress responses remain largely unknown. Taking into account the importance of the GSK proteins, combined with the lack of in-depth knowledge about modulation of their expression, research in this area may provide a significant insight into mechanisms regulating these aspects of plant biology. In the current study, a detailed analysis of the GSK promoters in rice and Arabidopsis was performed, including identification of the CpG/CpNpG islands, tandem repeats, cis-acting regulatory elements, conserved motifs, and transcription factor-binding sites. Moreover, characterization of expression profiles of the GSK genes in different tissues, organs and under various abiotic stress conditions was performed. Additionally, protein-protein interactions between products of the GSK genes were predicted. Results of this study provided intriguing information about these aspects and insight into various regulatory mechanisms that influence non-redundant and diverse functions of the GSK genes during development and stress responses. Therefore, they may constitute a reference for future research in other plant species. © 2023 The Authors},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85135159514,

title = {Glycogen synthase kinases in model and crop plants – From negative regulators of brassinosteroid signaling to multifaceted hubs of various signaling pathways and modulators of plant reproduction and yield},

author = { K. Zolkiewicz and D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135159514&doi=10.3389%2ffpls.2022.939487&partnerID=40&md5=1b1fb4f25d5942aa37fabe4a9f94a7bc},

doi = {10.3389/fpls.2022.939487},

issn = {1664462X},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},

volume = {13},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {Glycogen synthase kinases, also known as SHAGGY-like Kinases (GSKs/SKs), are highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases present both in animals and plants. Plant genomes contain multiple homologs of the GSK3 genes which participate in various biological processes. Plant GSKs/SKs, and their best known representative in Arabidopsis thaliana – Brassinosteroid Insentisive2 (BIN2/SK21) in particular, were first identified as components of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway. As phytohormones, BRs regulate a wide range of physiological processes in plants – from germination, cell division, elongation and differentiation to leaf senescence, and response to environmental stresses. The GSKs/SKs proteins belong to a group of several highly conserved components of the BR signaling which evolved early during evolution of this molecular relay. However, recent reports indicated that the GSKs/SKs proteins are also implicated in signaling pathways of other phytohormones and stress-response processes. As a consequence, the GSKs/SKs proteins became hubs of various signaling pathways and modulators of plant development and reproduction. Thus, it is very important to understand molecular mechanisms regulating activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins, but also to get insights into role of the GSKs/SKs proteins in modulation of stability and activity of various substrate proteins which participate in the numerous signaling pathways. Although elucidation of these aspects is still in progress, this review presents a comprehensive and detailed description of these processes and their implications for regulation of development, stress response, and reproduction of model and crop species. The GSKs/SKs proteins and their activity are modulated through phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation reactions which are regulated by various proteins. Importantly, both phosphorylations and de-phosphorylations may have positive and negative effects on the activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins. Additionally, the activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins is positively regulated by reactive oxygen species, whereas it is negatively regulated through ubiquitylation, deacetylation, and nitric oxide-mediated nitrosylation. On the other hand, the GSKs/SKs proteins interact with proteins representing various signaling pathways, and on the basis of the complicated network of interactions the GSKs/SKs proteins differentially regulate various physiological, developmental, stress response, and yield-related processes. Copyright © 2022 Zolkiewicz and Gruszka.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85134544129,

title = {In-Silico Study of Brassinosteroid Signaling Genes in Rice Provides Insight Into Mechanisms Which Regulate Their Expression},

author = { S. Ahmar and D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134544129&doi=10.3389%2ffgene.2022.953458&partnerID=40&md5=26702d90810b570a6e02c1bb21da3553},

doi = {10.3389/fgene.2022.953458},

issn = {16648021},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Genetics},

volume = {13},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate a diverse spectrum of processes during plant growth and development and modulate plant physiology in response to environmental fluctuations and stress factors. Thus, the BR signaling regulators have the potential to be targeted for gene editing to optimize the architecture of plants and make them more resilient to environmental stress. Our understanding of the BR signaling mechanism in monocot crop species is limited compared to our knowledge of this process accumulated in the model dicot species - Arabidopsis thaliana. A deeper understanding of the BR signaling and response during plant growth and adaptation to continually changing environmental conditions will provide insight into mechanisms that govern the coordinated expression of the BR signaling genes in rice (Oryza sativa) which is a model for cereal crops. Therefore, in this study a comprehensive and detailed in silico analysis of promoter sequences of rice BR signaling genes was performed. Moreover, expression profiles of these genes during various developmental stages and reactions to several stress conditions were analyzed. Additionally, a model of interactions between the encoded proteins was also established. The obtained results revealed that promoters of the 39 BR signaling genes are involved in various regulatory mechanisms and interdependent processes that influence growth, development, and stress response in rice. Different transcription factor-binding sites and cis-regulatory elements in the gene promoters were identified which are involved in regulation of the genes’ expression during plant development and reactions to stress conditions. The in-silico analysis of BR signaling genes in O. sativa provides information about mechanisms which regulate the coordinated expression of these genes during rice development and in response to other phytohormones and environmental factors. Since rice is both an important crop and the model species for other cereals, this information may be important for understanding the regulatory mechanisms that modulate the BR signaling in monocot species. It can also provide new ways for the plant genetic engineering technology by providing novel potential targets, either cis-elements or transcriptional factors, to create elite genotypes with desirable traits. Copyright © 2022 Ahmar and Gruszka.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85098584739,

title = {Molecular dynamics of chloroplast membranes isolated from wild-type barley and a brassinosteroid-deficient mutant acclimated to low and high temperatures},

author = { I. Sadura and D. Latowski and J. Oklestkova and D. Gruszka and M. Chyc and A. Janeczko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098584739&doi=10.3390%2fbiom11010027&partnerID=40&md5=03f81be835dae96604e09a153a6de710},

doi = {10.3390/biom11010027},

issn = {2218273X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Biomolecules},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {1-20},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Plants have developed various acclimation strategies in order to counteract the negative effects of abiotic stresses (including temperature stress), and biological membranes are important elements in these strategies. Brassinosteroids (BR) are plant steroid hormones that regulate plant growth and development and modulate their reaction against many environmental stresses including temperature stress, but their role in modifying the properties of the biological membrane is poorly known. In this paper, we characterise the molecular dynamics of chloroplast membranes that had been isolated from wild-type and a BR-deficient barley mutant that had been acclimated to low and high temperatures in order to enrich the knowledge about the role of BR as regulators of the dynamics of the photosynthetic membranes. The molecular dynamics of the membranes was investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic area of the membranes. The content of BR was determined, and other important membrane components that affect their molecular dynamics such as chlorophylls, carotenoids and fatty acids in these membranes were also determined. The chloroplast membranes of the BR-mutant had a higher degree of rigidification than the membranes of the wild type. In the hydrophilic area, the most visible differences were observed in plants that had been grown at 20 °C, whereas in the hydrophobic core, they were visible at both 20 and 5 °C. There were no differences in the molecular dynamics of the studied membranes in the chloroplast membranes that had been isolated from plants that had been grown at 27 °C. The role of BR in regulating the molecular dynamics of the photosynthetic membranes will be discussed against the background of an analysis of the photosynthetic pigments and fatty acid composition in the chloroplasts. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85087511365,

title = {Disturbances in the Biosynthesis or Signalling of Brassinosteroids That Are Caused by Mutations in the HvDWARF, HvCPD and HvBRI1 Genes Increase the Tolerance of Barley to the Deacclimation Process},

author = { E. Pociecha and A. Janeczko and M.A. Dziurka and D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087511365&doi=10.1007%2fs00344-020-10183-4&partnerID=40&md5=0e561928f2ea830133c754918015b828},

doi = {10.1007/s00344-020-10183-4},

issn = {07217595},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Plant Growth Regulation},

volume = {39},

number = {4},

pages = {1625-1637},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {Tolerance to deacclimation is an important physiological feature in plants in the face of global warming, which is resulting in incidents of increases in winter temperatures. The aim of the work was to explore how disturbances in the signalling and synthesis of brassinosteroids (BR) influence the deacclimation tolerance of barley. One group of mutants and their reference cultivars (Bowman and Delisa) was cold-acclimated, deacclimated and then tested for frost tolerance at − 12 °C. After cold acclimation, the second group of plants was additionally exposed to frost (− 6 °C) and then, deacclimated and tested for frost tolerance at − 12 °C. The deacclimated brassinosteroid mutants were characterised by an increased tolerance to frost, and consequently, had a higher tolerance to deacclimation than their wild-type cultivars. The mechanism of this phenomenon may be partly explained by analysing the hormonal homeostasis in the crowns. For all of the tested plants, a characteristic feature of the response to the deacclimation phase was an increase in the growth-promoting hormones and abscisic acid compared to the cold acclimation phase. The increase was greater in the BR-deficient (BW084) and BR-insensitive (BW312) mutants compared to the Bowman reference cultivar. Mutant 522DK was characterised by a lower accumulation of total cytokinins and gibberellins as well as an enhanced auxin deactivation compared to the Delisa. In the second group, when the plants were exposed to a temperature of − 6 °C before deacclimation, the hormonal homeostasis was further altered in both the mutants and reference cultivars, but all of the mutants had a higher frost tolerance than the wild types. © 2020, The Author(s).},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85094657180,

title = {Impact of drought exerted during spike development on tillering, yield parameters and grain chemical composition in semi-dwarf barley mutants deficient in the brassinosteroid metabolism},

author = { D. Gruszka and A. Janeczko and J. Puła and A. Lepiarczyk and E. Pociecha},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094657180&doi=10.3390%2fagronomy10101595&partnerID=40&md5=9dec920d43249a56bd34e2beca3dab96},

doi = {10.3390/agronomy10101595},

issn = {20734395},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Agronomy},

volume = {10},

number = {10 October},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Drought is a major factor limiting plant development and negatively affecting crop yield. It was reported that mutants defective in the brassinosteroid (BR) metabolism from several species, including barley (Hordeum vulgare), show improved tolerance to drought during the vegetative phase of growth. Hence, semi-dwarf barley mutants defective in the BR metabolism may be regarded as an alternative in breeding programs. Occurrence of drought during spike development has a profound effect on yield. Thus, determining reaction of the semi-dwarf, BR-deficient barley mutants to drought during the reproductive phase is crucial. This study was conducted on barley Near-Isogenic Lines defective in the BR metabolism and the reference 'Bowman' cultivar. The experiments were performed under laboratory (optimal watering and drought) and field conditions. The following yield-related parameters were analyzed: Total tillering, productive tillering, average grain weight per plant and per spike, as well as weight of 1000 seeds. Additionally, an analysis of chemical composition of grain was performed. The BR-insensitive BW312 line showed the highest values of the productive tillering and grain weight per plant under the drought conditions. Perturbations in the BR metabolism did not have any significant deteriorating effect on the contents of grain chemical ingredients. © 2020 by the authors.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85088483765,

title = {Comprehensive Overview of the Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Pathways: Substrates, Products, Inhibitors, and Connections},

author = { A. Bajguz and M. Chmur and D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088483765&doi=10.3389%2ffpls.2020.01034&partnerID=40&md5=e318469e9da6d01805af50eda6a82d88},

doi = {10.3389/fpls.2020.01034},

issn = {1664462X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},

volume = {11},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {Brassinosteroids (BRs) as a class of steroid plant hormones participate in the regulation of numerous developmental processes, including root and shoot growth, vascular differentiation, fertility, flowering, and seed germination, as well as in responding to environmental stresses. During four decades of research, the BR biosynthetic pathways have been well studied with forward- and reverse genetics approaches. The free BRs contain 27, 28, and 29 carbons within their skeletal structure: (1): 5α-cholestane or 26-nor-24α-methyl-5α-cholestane for C27-BRs; (2) 24α-methyl-5α-cholestane, 24β-methyl-5α-cholestane or 24-methylene-5α-cholestane for C28-BRs; (3) 24α-ethyl-5α-cholestane, 24(Z)-ethylidene-5α-cholestane, 25-methyl-5α-campestane or 24-methylene-25-methyl-5α-cholestane for C29-BRs, as well as different kinds and orientations of oxygenated functions in A- and B-ring. These alkyl substituents are also common structural features of sterols. BRs are derived from sterols carrying the same side chain. The C27-BRs without substituent at C-24 are biosynthesized from cholesterol. The C28-BRs carrying either an α-methyl, β-methyl, or methylene group are derived from campesterol, 24-epicampesterol or 24-methylenecholesterol, respectively. The C29-BRs with an α-ethyl group are produced from sitosterol. Furthermore, the C29 BRs carrying methylene at C-24 and an additional methyl group at C-25 are derived from 24-methylene-25-methylcholesterol. Generally, BRs are biosynthesized via cycloartenol and cycloartanol dependent pathways. Till now, more than 17 compounds were characterized as inhibitors of the BR biosynthesis. For nine of the inhibitors (e.g.; brassinazole and YCZ-18) a specific target reaction within the BR biosynthetic pathway has been identified. Therefore, the review highlights comprehensively recent advances in our understanding of the BR biosynthesis, sterol precursors, and dependencies between the C27-C28 and C28-C29 pathways. © Copyright © 2020 Bajguz, Chmur and Gruszka.},

note = {34},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85088679534,

title = {Insights into metabolic reactions of semi-dwarf, barley brassinosteroid mutants to drought},

author = { D. Gruszka and E. Pociecha and B. Jurczyk and M.A. Dziurka and J. Oliwa and I. Sadura and A. Janeczko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088679534&doi=10.3390%2fijms21145096&partnerID=40&md5=2dd3b0e0f609c31e7f94c40aca810f20},

doi = {10.3390/ijms21145096},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {21},

number = {14},

pages = {1-30},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {The roles of endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) in the modulation of reaction to drought and genetic regulation of this process are still obscure. In this study, a multidirectional analysis was performed on semi-dwarf barley (Hordeum vulgare) Near-Isogenic Lines (NILs) and the reference cultivar “Bowman” to get insights into various aspects of metabolic reaction to drought. The NILs are defective in BR biosynthesis or signaling and displayed an enhanced tolerance to drought. The BR metabolism perturbations affected the glucose and fructose accumulation under the control and stress conditions. The BR metabolism abnormalities negatively affected the sucrose accumulation as well. However, during drought, the BR-deficient NILs accumulated higher contents of sucrose than the “Bowman” cultivar. Under the control conditions, accumulation of transcripts encoding antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (HvAPX) and superoxide dismutase (HvSOD) was BR-dependent. However, during drought, the accumulation of HvAPX transcript was BR-dependent, whereas accumulations of transcripts encoding catalase (HvCAT) and HvSOD were not affected by the BR metabolism perturbations. The obtained results reveal a significant role of BRs in regulation of the HvAPX and HvCAT enzymatic activities under control conditions and the HvAPX and HvSOD activities during physiological reactions to drought. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85084277209,

title = {The Impact of Mutations in the HvCPD and HvBRI1 Genes on the Physicochemical Properties of the Membranes from Barley Acclimated to Low/High Temperatures},

author = { E. Rudolphi-Szydło and I. Sadura and M. Filek and D. Gruszka and A. Janeczko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084277209&doi=10.3390%2fcells9051125&partnerID=40&md5=2ac8d0fedb40e6212121216a69edbb45},

doi = {10.3390/cells9051125},

issn = {20734409},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Cells},

volume = {9},

number = {5},

publisher = {NLM (Medline)},

abstract = {(1) Background: The study characterized barley mutants with brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis and signaling disturbances in terms of the physicochemical/structural properties of membranes to enrich the knowledge about the role of brassinosteroids for lipid metabolism and membrane functioning. (2) Methods: The Langmuir method was used to investigate the properties of the physicochemical membranes. Langmuir monolayers were formed from the lipid fractions isolated from the plants growing at 20 °C and then acclimated at 5 °C or 27 °C. The fatty acid composition of the lipids was estimated using gas chromatography. (3) Results: The BR-biosynthesis and BR-signaling mutants of barley were characterized by a temperature-dependent altered molar percentage of fatty acids (from 14:0 to 20:1) in their galactolipid and phospholipid fractions in comparison to wild-type (WT). For example, the mutants had a lower molar percentage of 18:3 in the phospholipid (PL) fraction. The same regularity was observed at 5 °C. It resulted in altered physicochemical parameters of the membranes (Alim; πcoll; Cs-1). (4) Conclusions: BR may be involved in regulating fatty acid biosynthesis or their transport/incorporation into the cell membranes. Mutants had altered physicochemical parameters of their membranes, compared to the WT, which suggests that BR may have a multidirectional impact on the membrane-dependent physiological processes.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85081602469,

title = {HSP transcript and protein accumulation in brassinosteroid barley mutants acclimated to low and high temperatures},

author = { I. Sadura and M. Libik-Konieczny and B. Jurczyk and D. Gruszka and A. Janeczko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081602469&doi=10.3390%2fijms21051889&partnerID=40&md5=0e7c7706a8440fc180455a178e6c8fd2},

doi = {10.3390/ijms21051889},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {21},

number = {5},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {In temperature stress, the main role of heat-shock proteins (HSP) is to act as molecular chaperones for other cellular proteins. However, knowledge about the hormonal regulation of the production of the HSP is quite limited. Specifically, little is known about the role of the plant steroid hormones—brassinosteroids (BR)—in regulating the HSP expression. The aim of our study was to answer the question of how a BR deficit or disturbances in its signaling affect the accumulation of the HSP90, HSP70, HSP18, and HSP17 transcripts and protein in barley growing at 20 °C (control) and during the acclimation of plants at 5 °C and 27 °C. In barley, the temperature of plant growth modified the expression of HSPs. Furthermore, the BR-deficient mutants (mutations in the HvDWARF or HvCPD genes) and BR-signaling mutants (mutation in the HvBRI1 gene) were characterized by altered levels of the transcripts and proteins of the HSP group compared to the wild type. The BR-signaling mutant was characterized by a decreased level of the HSP transcripts and heat-shock proteins. In the BR-deficient mutants, there were temperature-dependent cases when the decreased accumulation of the HSP70 and HSP90 transcripts was connected to an increased accumulation of these HSP. The significance of changes in the accumulation of HSPs during acclimation at 27 °C and 5 °C is discussed in the context of the altered tolerance to more extreme temperatures of the studied mutants (i.e.; heat stress and frost; respectively). © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85084042735,

title = {Role of strigolactones: Signalling and crosstalk with other phytohormones},

author = { M. Faizan and A. Faraz and F. Sami and H. Siddiqui and M. Yusuf and D. Gruszka and S. Hayat},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084042735&doi=10.1515%2fbiol-2020-0022&partnerID=40&md5=08aeb1486b549e6c863f0370a3aeaa1e},

doi = {10.1515/biol-2020-0022},

issn = {23915412},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Open Life Sciences},

volume = {15},

number = {1},

pages = {217-228},

publisher = {De Gruyter},

abstract = {Plant hormones play important roles in controlling how plants grow and develop. While metabolism provides the energy needed for plant survival, hormones regulate the pace of plant growth. Strigolactones (SLs) were recently defined as new phytohormones that regulate plant metabolism and, in turn, plant growth and development. This group of phytohormones is derived from carotenoids and has been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions including regulation of plant architecture (inhibition of bud outgrowth and shoot branching), photomorphogenesis, seed germination, nodulation, and physiological reactions to abiotic factors. SLs also induce hyphal branching in germinating spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a process that is important for initiating the connection between host plant roots and AMF. This review outlines the physiological roles of SLs and discusses the significance of interactions between SLs and other phytohormones to plant metabolic responses. © 2020 Mohammad Faizan, et al. published by De Gruyter 2020.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85077993952,

title = {Exploring the brassinosteroid signaling in monocots reveals novel components of the pathway and implications for plant breeding},

author = { D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077993952&doi=10.3390%2fijms21010354&partnerID=40&md5=31dbaff3a412290e2abaa7b20d602a73},

doi = {10.3390/ijms21010354},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {21},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroidal phytohormones which are key regulators of diverse processes during whole life cycle of plants. Studies conducted in the dicot model species Arabidopsis thaliana have allowed identification and characterization of various components of the BR signaling. It is currently known that the BR signaling is interconnected at various stages with other phytohormonal and stress signaling pathways. It enables a rapid and efficient adaptation of plant metabolism to constantly changing environmental conditions. However, our knowledge about mechanism of the BR signaling in the monocot species is rather limited. Thus, identification of new components of the BR signaling in monocots, including cereals, is an ongoing process and has already led to identification of some monocot-specific components of the BR signaling. It is of great importance as disturbances in the BR signaling influence architecture of mutant plants, and as a consequence, the reaction to environmental conditions. Currently, the modulation of the BR signaling is considered as a target to enhance yield and stress tolerance in cereals, which is of particular importance in the face of global climate change. © 2020 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. article distributed under the terms and conditions of the C.},

note = {15},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85076240826,

title = {Plasma membrane ATPase and the aquaporin HvPIP1 in barley brassinosteroid mutants acclimated to high and low temperature},

author = { I. Sadura and M. Libik-Konieczny and B. Jurczyk and D. Gruszka and A. Janeczko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076240826&doi=10.1016%2fj.jplph.2019.153090&partnerID=40&md5=46628eeb1515ead57e544a54e611a60c},

doi = {10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153090},

issn = {01761617},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Plant Physiology},

volume = {244},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {The integral parts of the cell membranes are the functional proteins, which are crucial for cell life. Among them, proton-pumping ATPase and aquaporins appear to be of particular importance. There is some knowledge about the effect of the temperature during plant growth, including stress-inducing temperatures, on the accumulation of the membrane proteins: plasma membrane H+-ATPase and aquaporins, but not much is known about the effect of the phytohormones (i.e. brassinosteroids (BR)) on control of accumulation of these proteins. The aim of our study was to answer the question of how a BR deficit and disturbances in the BR perception/signalling affect the accumulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PM H+-ATPase), the aquaporin HvPIP1 transcript and protein in barley growing at 20 °C and during its acclimation at 5 °C and 27 °C. For the studies, the BR-deficient mutant 522DK (derived from the wild-type Delisa), the BR-deficient mutant BW084 and the BR-signalling mutant BW312 and their wild-type Bowman were used. Generally, temperature of growth was significant factor influencing on the level of the accumulation of the H+-ATPase and HvPIP1 transcript and the PM H+-ATPase and HvPIP1 protein in barley leaves. The level of the accumulation of the HvPIP1 transcript decreased at 5 °C (compared to 20 °C), but was higher at 27 °C than at 20 °C in the analyzed cultivars. In both cultivars the protein HvPIP1 was accumulated in the highest amounts at 27 °C. On the other hand, the barley mutants with a BR deficiency or with BR signalling disturbances were characterised by an altered accumulation level of PM H+-ATPase, the aquaporin HvPIP1 transcript and protein (compared to the wild types), which may suggest the involvement of brassinosteroids in regulating PM H+-ATPase and aquaporin HvPIP1 at the transcriptional and translational levels. © 2019 The Authors},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85073497006,

title = {Brassinosteroid deficiency caused by the mutation of the HvDWARF gene influences the reactions of barley to powdery mildew},

author = { A. Janeczko and D. Saja and M.A. Dziurka and G. Gullner and A. Kornaś and A. Skoczowski and D. Gruszka and B. Barna},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073497006&doi=10.1016%2fj.pmpp.2019.101438&partnerID=40&md5=04895c95ba6734203c368e87d4015311},

doi = {10.1016/j.pmpp.2019.101438},

issn = {08855765},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology},

volume = {108},

publisher = {Academic Press},

abstract = {This study investigated the impact of mutation in the HvDWARF gene, encoding C6-oxidase involved in brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis, on disease resistance of barley against the fungal pathogen powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). The mutation results in significant BR deficiency in leaf tissue. Since increase in the BR content by their exogenous application was reported to improve plant resistance to viral, bacterial and fungal infection, we wanted to find out, if lowered content of BR may affect plant resistance to this pathogen. The 527DK mutant carrying the aforementioned mutation and its respective wild type Delisa were inoculated by powdery mildew fungus (Bgh; race A6). However, no symptoms of disease were visually noted neither on 527DK nor on Delisa. Microscopic observations showed that after germination of the conidia the germ tubes started to penetrate, developed appressorium but could not develop further in the two genotypes. The cell wall thickening (papillae) around the penetration was only visible. However, inoculated plants showed changes in some of parameters describing photosynthetic efficiency or water relations. Similarly, alterations in hormonal homeostasis not only between wild type and mutant, but between control and infected plants were observed. Inoculation with the pathogen induced especially accumulation of compounds from auxin group (indole-3-carboxylic acid; oxindole-3-acetic acid; 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid and 5-chloroindole-3-acetic acid). Interestingly, the stronger effect was observed in plants with mutation in the HvDWARF gene. Taking into account that the HvDWARF gene mutation finally did not affect resistance to powdery mildew (no symptoms appearance), we suggest that the conclusion of our study may be of importance for breeding of barley. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85061388993,

title = {Mutations in the HvDWARF, HvCPD and HvBRI1 Genes-Involved in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis/Signalling: Altered Photosynthetic Efficiency, Hormonal Homeostasis and Tolerance to High/Low Temperatures in Barley},

author = { I. Sadura and E. Pociecha and M.A. Dziurka and J. Oklestkova and O. Novák and D. Gruszka and A. Janeczko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061388993&doi=10.1007%2fs00344-019-09914-z&partnerID=40&md5=23cabff4b2b733c629610fabc18a4a6a},

doi = {10.1007/s00344-019-09914-z},

issn = {07217595},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Plant Growth Regulation},

volume = {38},

number = {3},

pages = {1062-1081},

publisher = {Springer New York LLC},

abstract = {Brassinosteroids (BR) are steroid phytohormones that are involved in the growth and stress response in plants, but the precise mechanisms of their action are still being discovered. In our study we have used BR-deficient barley mutants 522DK and BW084 (which carry missense mutations in the HvDWARF and HvCPD genes; respectively). We have also used a BR-signalling mutant that harbors missense substitutions in the HvBRI1 gene. Our aim was (1) to find out if the content of phytohormones in the mutants grown at 20 °C is different than in the wild types and whether/how the content of phytohormones changes after plant acclimation at temperatures of 5 °C and 27 °C?, (2) to characterise the effectiveness of the light reactions of photosynthesis of the barley mutants in comparison to wild types at various temperatures, and (3) to verify the impact of mutations on the tolerance of barley to high and low temperatures. Hormonal characteristics of the BR mutants of barley show the complexity of the interactions between BR and other plant hormones that are additionally modified by temperature and possibly by other factors. The results suggest the participation of BR in auxin catabolism. Further, BR appears to play a role in maintaining the ABA–ABAGlc balance. As for the gibberellin content in plants at a temperature of 20 °C, more in-depth studies will be required to explain the contradictory effects regarding the accumulation of GA3, GA4 and GA5, which appears to be dependent on the type of mutation and connected to the BR level. A fast-kinetic chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis has revealed that the mutants had lower values of energy absorption than the wild types, but the values of the energy transferred via the electron-transport chain was maintained at the wild-type level. We presumed that BR are involved in regulating plant acclimation to extreme (low/high) temperatures, thus the BR-deficient and BR-signalling mutants should be less tolerant to low/high temperatures when compared to the wild types. Unexpectedly, all of the mutants showed a higher tolerance to high temperatures than the wild types. The BW084 and BW312 mutants were less tolerant to frost than the wild type, but 522DK had a similar frost tolerance as the reference wild-type cultivar. © 2019, The Author(s).},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85068476084,

title = {The Dmc1 mutant allows an insight into the DNA double-strand break repair during meiosis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)},

author = { M.E. Szurman-Zubrzycka and B. Baran and M. Stolarek-Januszkiewicz and J. Kwaśniewska and I. Szarejko and D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068476084&doi=10.3389%2ffpls.2019.00761&partnerID=40&md5=fa4b16c5e451c7ec687ec77fb9a5a1dc},

doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00761},

issn = {1664462X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},

volume = {10},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {Meiosis is a process of essential importance for sexual reproduction, as it leads to production of gametes. The recombination event (crossing-over) generates genetic variation by introducing new combination of alleles. The first step of crossing-over is introduction of a targeted double-strand break (DSB) in DNA. DMC1 (Disrupted Meiotic cDNA1) is a recombinase that is specific only for cells undergoing meiosis and takes part in repair of such DSBs by searching and invading homologous sequences that are subsequently used as a template for the repair process. Although role of the DMC1 gene has been validated in Arabidopsis thaliana, a functional analysis of its homolog in barley, a crop species of significant importance in agriculture, has never been performed. Here, we describe the identification of barley mutants carrying substitutions in the HvDMC1 gene. We performed mutational screening using TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) strategy and the barley TILLING population, HorTILLUS, developed after double-treatment of spring barley cultivar ‘Sebastian’ with sodium azide and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. One of the identified alleles, dmc1.c, was found independently in two different M2 plants. The G2571A mutation identified in this allele leads to a substitution of the highly conserved amino acid (arginine-183 to lysine) in the DMC1 protein sequence. Two mutant lines carrying the same dmc1.c allele show similar disturbances during meiosis. The chromosomal aberrations included anaphase bridges and chromosome fragments in anaphase/telophase I and anaphase/telophase II, as well as micronuclei in tetrads. Moreover, atypical tetrads containing three or five cells were observed. A highly increased frequency of all chromosome aberrations during meiosis have been observed in the dmc1.c mutants compared to parental variety. The results indicated that DMC1 is required for the DSB repair, crossing-over and proper chromosome disjunction during meiosis in barley. © 2019 Szurman-Zubrzycka, Baran, Stolarek-Januszkiewicz, Kwaśniewska, Szarejko and Gruszka.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85053079144,

title = {Crosstalk of the brassinosteroid signalosome with phytohormonal and stress signaling components maintains a balance between the processes of growth and stress tolerance},

author = { D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053079144&doi=10.3390%2fijms19092675&partnerID=40&md5=cc2becf143459bbc5d4111ff717fac2b},

doi = {10.3390/ijms19092675},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {19},

number = {9},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones, which regulate various processes during plant life cycle. Intensive studies conducted with genetic, physiological and molecular approaches allowed identification of various components participating in the BR signaling—from the ligand perception, through cytoplasmic signal transduction, up to the BR-dependent gene expression, which is regulated by transcription factors and chromatin modifying enzymes. The identification of new components of the BR signaling is an ongoing process, however an emerging view of the BR signalosome indicates that this process is interconnected at various stages with other metabolic pathways. The signaling crosstalk is mediated by the BR signaling proteins, which function as components of the transmembrane BR receptor, by a cytoplasmic kinase playing a role of the major negative regulator of the BR signaling, and by the transcription factors, which regulate the BR-dependent gene expression and form a complicated regulatory system. This molecular network of interdependencies allows a balance in homeostasis of various phytohormones to be maintained. Moreover, the components of the BR signalosome interact with factors regulating plant reactions to environmental cues and stress conditions. This intricate network of interactions enables a rapid adaptation of plant metabolism to constantly changing environmental conditions. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85048310777,

title = {Non-enzymatic antioxidant accumulations in BR-deficient and BR-insensitive barley mutants under control and drought conditions},

author = { D. Gruszka and A. Janeczko and M.A. Dziurka and E. Pociecha and J. Fodor},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048310777&doi=10.1111%2fppl.12674&partnerID=40&md5=50ce3d9eeeeb55fcde27e5453bc9484b},

doi = {10.1111/ppl.12674},

issn = {00319317},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Physiologia Plantarum},

volume = {163},

number = {2},

pages = {155-169},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {Drought is one of the most adverse stresses that affect plant growth and yield. Disturbances in metabolic activity resulting from drought cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species. It is postulated that brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate plant tolerance to the stress conditions, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. An involvement of endogenous BRs in regulation of the antioxidant homeostasis is not fully clarified either. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the role of endogenous BRs in regulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants in barley (Hordeum vulgare) under control and drought conditions. The plant material included the ‘Bowman’ cultivar and a group of semi-dwarf near-isogenic lines (NILs), representing mutants deficient in BR biosynthesis or signaling. In general, accumulations of 11 compounds representing various types of non-enzymatic antioxidants were analyzed under both conditions. The analyses of accumulations of reduced and oxidized forms of ascorbate indicated that the BR mutants contain significantly higher contents of dehydroascorbic acid under drought conditions when compared with the ‘Bowman’ cultivar. The analysis of glutathione accumulation indicated that under the control conditions the BR-insensitive NILs contained significantly lower concentrations of this antioxidant when compared with the rest of genotypes. Therefore, we postulate that BR sensitivity is required for normal accumulation of glutathione. A complete accumulation profile of various tocopherols indicated that functional BR biosynthesis and signaling are required for their normal accumulation under both conditions. Results of this study provided an insight into the role of endogenous BRs in regulation of the non-enzymatic antioxidant homeostasis. © 2017 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85043326007,

title = {HorTILLUS—a rich and renewable source of induced mutations for forward/reverse genetics and pre-breeding programs in barley (Hordeumvulgare L.)},

author = { M.E. Szurman-Zubrzycka and J. Zbieszczyk and M. Marzec and J. Jelonek and B. Chmielewska and M.M. Kurowska and M. Krok and A. Daszkowska-Golec and J. Guzy-Wróbelska and D. Gruszka and M. Gajecka and P. Gajewska and M. Stolarek and P. Tylec and P. Sega and S. Lip and M. Kudełko and M. Lorek and M. Gorniak-Walas and A. Malolepszy and N. Podsiadlo and K.P. Szyrajew and A. Keisa and Z. Mbambo and E. Todorowska and M. Gaj and Z. Nita and W. Orlowska-Job and M. Maluszynski and I. Szarejko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85043326007&doi=10.3389%2ffpls.2018.00216&partnerID=40&md5=2be0ee225baa473124ed786053f7b1c1},

doi = {10.3389/fpls.2018.00216},

issn = {1664462X},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},

volume = {9},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) is a strategy used for functional analysis of genes that combines the classical mutagenesis and a rapid, high-throughput identification of mutations within a gene of interest. TILLING has been initially developed as a discovery platform for functional genomics, but soon it has become a valuable tool in development of desired alleles for crop breeding, alternative to transgenic approach. Here we present the HorTILLUS (Hordeum—TILLING—University of Silesia) population created for spring barley cultivar “Sebastian” after double-treatment of seeds with two chemical mutagens: sodium azide (NaN3) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The population comprises more than 9,600 M2 plants from which DNA was isolated, seeds harvested, vacuum-packed, and deposited in seed bank. M3 progeny of 3,481 M2 individuals was grown in the field and phenotyped. The screening for mutations was performed for 32 genes related to different aspects of plant growth and development. For each gene fragment, 3,072–6,912 M2 plants were used for mutation identification using LI-COR sequencer. In total, 382 mutations were found in 182.2Mb screened. The average mutation density in the HorTILLUS, estimated as 1 mutation per 477kb, is among the highest mutation densities reported for barley. The majority of mutations were G/C to A/T transitions, however about 8% transversions were also detected. Sixty-one percent of mutations found in coding regions were missense, 37.5% silent and 1.1% nonsense. In each gene, the missense mutations with a potential effect on protein function were identified. The HorTILLUS platform is the largest of the TILLING populations reported for barley and best characterized. The population proved to be a useful tool, both in functional genomic studies and in forward selection of barley mutants with required phenotypic changes. We are constantly renewing the HorTILLUS population, which makes it a permanent source of new mutations. We offer the usage of this valuable resource to the interested barley researchers on cooperative basis. © 2018 Szurman-Zubrzycka, Zbieszczyk, Marzec, Jelonek, Chmielewska, Kurowska, Krok, Daszkowska-Golec, Guzy-Wrobelska, Gruszka, Gajecka, Gajewska, Stolarek, Tylec, Sega, Lip, Kudełko, Lorek, Gorniak-Walas, Malolepszy, Podsiadlo, Szyrajew, Keisa, Mbambo, Todorowska, Gaj, Nita, Orlowska-Job, Maluszynski and Szarejko.},

note = {30},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85007386454,

title = {Barley brassinosteroid mutants provide an insight into phytohormonal homeostasis in plant reaction to drought stress},

author = { D. Gruszka and A. Janeczko and M.A. Dziurka and E. Pociecha and J. Oklestkova and I. Szarejko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85007386454&doi=10.3389%2ffpls.2016.01824&partnerID=40&md5=f3b1faf0ff5e91bb21516d557d2d8f98},

doi = {10.3389/fpls.2016.01824},

issn = {1664462X},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},

volume = {7},

number = {DECEMBER2016},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid phytohormones, which regulate various processes of morphogenesis and physiology—from seed development to regulation of flowering and senescence. An accumulating body of evidence indicates that BRs take part in regulation of physiological reactions to various stress conditions, including drought. Many of the physiological functions of BRs are regulated by a complicated, and not fully elucidated network of interactions with metabolic pathways of other phytohormones. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize phytohormonal homeostasis in barley (Hordeum vulgare) in reaction to drought and validate role of BRs in regulation of this process. Material of this study included the barley cultivar “Bowman” and five Near-Isogenic Lines (NILs) representing characterized semi-dwarf mutants of several genes encoding enzymes participating in BR biosynthesis and signaling. Analysis of endogenous BRs concentrations in these NILs confirmed that their phenotypes result from abnormalities in BR metabolism. In general, concentrations of 18 compounds, representing various classes of phytohormones, including brassinosteroids, auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid were analyzed under control and drought conditions in the “Bowman” cultivar and the BR-deficient NILs. Drought induced a significant increase in accumulation of the biologically active form of BRs—castasterone in all analyzed genotypes. Another biologically active form of BRs—24-epi-brassinolide—was identified in one, BR-insensitive NIL under normal condition, but its accumulation was drought-induced in all analyzed genotypes. Analysis of concentration profiles of several compounds representing gibberellins allowed an insight into the BR-dependent regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis. The concentration of the gibberellic acid GA7 was significantly lower in all NILs when compared with the “Bowman” cultivar, indicating that GA7 biosynthesis represents an enzymatic step at which the stimulating effect of BRs on gibberellin biosynthesis occurs. Moreover, the accumulation of GA7 is significantly induced by drought in all the genotypes. Biosynthesis of jasmonic acid is also a BR-dependent process, as all the NILs accumulated much lower concentrations of this hormone when compared with the “Bowman” cultivar under normal condition, however the accumulation of jasmonic acid, abscisic acid and salicylic acid were significantly stimulated by drought. © 2016 Gruszka, Janeczko, Dziurka, Pociecha, Oklestkova and Szarejko.},

note = {40},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84973517421,

title = {Identification and functional analysis of the HvD14 gene involved in strigolactone signaling in Hordeum vulgare},

author = { M. Marzec and D. Gruszka and P. Tylec and I. Szarejko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973517421&doi=10.1111%2fppl.12460&partnerID=40&md5=8d2d51d9f2cfc4973f5f90cb22aa2d9d},

doi = {10.1111/ppl.12460},

issn = {00319317},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Physiologia Plantarum},

volume = {158},

number = {3},

pages = {341-355},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {In this study, the barley HvD14 gene encoding α/β hydrolase, which is involved in strigolactone (SL) signaling, was identified. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the identified gene is an orthologue of the D14, AtD14 and PhDAD2 genes that have been described in rice, Arabidopsis thaliana and petunia, respectively. Using TILLING strategy, an hvd14.d mutant that carried the G725A transition, located in the second exon, was identified. This mutation led to the substitution of a highly conserved glycine-193 to glutamic acid in the conserved fragment of the α/β hydrolase domain of the HvD14 protein. The plants that carry the hvd14.d allele were semi-dwarf and produced a higher number of tillers in comparison to the wild-type (WT) parent cultivar. Additionally, the root architecture of mutant plants was affected: the total length of the seminal roots was significantly reduced, and the density of the lateral roots was higher than in the WT. Plants with the hvd14.d allele were insensitive to treatment with GR24, which is the synthetic analogue of SL. Analysis of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentration in the lateral buds showed no differences between the WT and mutant plants. By contrast, the WT seedlings treated with GR24 developed a lower number of tillers, longer primary roots with a reduced number of lateral roots and had an increased concentration of IAA in lateral buds. This paper describes the first barley SL mutant and shows the potential functions of SLs in barley growth and development. © 2016 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society},

note = {28},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84964432621,

title = {A reverse-genetics mutational analysis of the barley HvDWARF gene results in identification of a series of alleles and mutants with short stature of various degree and disturbance in BR biosynthesis allowing a new insight into the process},

author = { D. Gruszka and M. Gorniak and E. Glodowska and E. Wierus and J. Oklestkova and A. Janeczko and M. Maluszynski and I. Szarejko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964432621&doi=10.3390%2fijms17040600&partnerID=40&md5=93f59a0713080d8d06440a22174a2e61},

doi = {10.3390/ijms17040600},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {17},

number = {4},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones, regulating a broad range of physiological processes. The largest amount of data related with BR biosynthesis has been gathered in Arabidopsis thaliana, however understanding of this process is far less elucidated in monocot crops. Up to now, only four barley genes implicated in BR biosynthesis have been identified. Two of them, HvDWARF and HvBRD, encode BR-6-oxidases catalyzing biosynthesis of castasterone, but their relation is not yet understood. In the present study, the identification of the HvDWARF genomic sequence, its mutational and functional analysis and characterization of new mutants are reported. Various types of mutations located in different positions within functional domains were identified and characterized. Analysis of their impact on phenotype of the mutants was performed. The identified homozygous mutants show reduced height of various degree and disrupted skotomorphogenesis. Mutational analysis of the HvDWARF gene with the “reverse genetics” approach allowed for its detailed functional analysis at the level of protein functional domains. The HvDWARF gene function and mutants’ phenotypes were also validated by measurement of endogenous BR concentration. These results allowed a new insight into the BR biosynthesis in barley. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84952690530,

title = {Physiological and biochemical characterisation of watered and drought-stressed barley mutants in the HvDWARF gene encoding C6-oxidase involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis},

author = { A. Janeczko and D. Gruszka and E. Pociecha and M.A. Dziurka and M. Filek and B. Jurczyk and H.M. Kalaji and M. Kocurek and P. Waligórski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84952690530&doi=10.1016%2fj.plaphy.2015.12.003&partnerID=40&md5=5543838881428c116f22beb2fefc80e2},

doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.12.003},

issn = {09819428},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Plant Physiology and Biochemistry},

volume = {99},

pages = {126-141},

publisher = {Elsevier Masson SAS},

abstract = {Brassinosteroids (BR) are plant steroid hormones that were discovered more than thirty years ago, but their physiological function has yet to be fully explained. The aim of the study was to answer the question of whether/how disturbances in the production of BR in barley affects the plant's metabolism and development under conditions of optimal watering and drought. Mutants with an impaired production of BR are one of the best tools in research aimed at understanding the mechanisms of action of these hormones. The study used barley cultivars with a normal BR synthesis (wild type) and semi-dwarf allelic mutants with an impaired activity of C6-oxidase (mutation in HvDWARF), which resulted in a decreased BR synthesis. Half of the plants were subjected to drought stress in the seedling stage and the other half were watered optimally. Plants with impaired BR production were characterised by a lower height and developmental retardation. Under both optimal watering and drought, BR synthesis disorders caused the reduced production of ABA and cytokinins, but not auxins. The BR mutants also produced less osmoprotectant (proline). The optimally watered and drought-stressed mutants accumulated less sucrose, which was accompanied by changes in the production of other soluble sugars. The increased content of fructooligosaccharide (kestose) in optimally watered mutants would suggest that BR is a negative regulator of kestose production. The decreased level of nystose in the drought-stressed mutants also suggests BR involvement in the regulation of the production of this fructooligosaccharide. The accumulation of the transcripts of genes associated with stress response (hsp90) was lower in the watered and drought-stressed BR-deficient mutants. In turn, the lower efficiency of photosystem II and the net photosynthetic rate in mutants was revealed only under drought conditions. The presented research allows for the physiological and biochemical traits of two BR-barley mutants to be characterised, which helps BR function to be understood. The knowledge can also be a good starting point for some breeding companies that are interested in introducing new semi-dwarf barley cultivars. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.},

note = {59},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84982170413,

title = {Functional analysis of the new barley gene HvKu80 indicates that it plays a key role in double-strand DNA break repair and telomere length regulation},

author = { M. Stolarek and D. Gruszka and A.J. Brąszewska-Zalewska and M. Maluszynski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84982170413&doi=10.1093%2fmutage%2fgev033&partnerID=40&md5=62c7781e376e0346a571d5b2399c2368},

doi = {10.1093/mutage/gev033},

issn = {02678357},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Mutagenesis},

volume = {30},

number = {6},

pages = {785-797},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {Genotoxic stress causes a reduced stability of the plant genome and has a detrimental effect on plant growth and productivity. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most harmful of all DNA lesions because they cause the loss of genetic information on both strands of the DNA helix. In the presented study the coding and genomic sequences of the HvKu80 gene were determined. A mutational analysis of two fragments of HvKu80 using TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) allowed 12 mutations to be detected, which resulted in identification of 11 alleles. Multidirectional analyses demonstrated that the HvKu80 gene is involved in the elimination of DSBs in Hordeum vulgare. The barley mutants carrying the identified ku80.c and ku80.j alleles accumulated bleomycin-induced DSBs to a much greater extent than the parent cultivar 'Sebastian'. The altered reaction of the mutants to DSB-inducing agent and the kinetics of DNA repair in these genotypes are associated with a lower expression level of the mutated gene. The study also demonstrated the significant role of the HvKu80 gene in the regulation of telomere length in barley. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the UK Environmental Mutagen Society. All rights reserved.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84947418005,

title = {DNA damage and repair in plants – From models to crops},

author = { V. Manova and D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84947418005&doi=10.3389%2ffpls.2015.00885&partnerID=40&md5=85e72753485b91f4c49490f92e2340a4},

doi = {10.3389/fpls.2015.00885},

issn = {1664462X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},

volume = {6},

number = {OCTOBER},

publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},

abstract = {The genomic integrity of every organism is constantly challenged by endogenous and exogenous DNA-damaging factors. Mutagenic agents cause reduced stability of plant genome and have a deleterious effect on development, and in the case of crop species lead to yield reduction. It is crucial for all organisms, including plants, to develop efficient mechanisms for maintenance of the genome integrity. DNA repair processes have been characterized in bacterial, fungal, and mammalian model systems. The description of these processes in plants, in contrast, was initiated relatively recently and has been focused largely on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Consequently, our knowledge about DNA repair in plant genomes - particularly in the genomes of crop plants - is by far more limited. However, the relatively small size of the Arabidopsis genome, its rapid life cycle and availability of various transformation methods make this species an attractive model for the study of eukaryotic DNA repair mechanisms and mutagenesis. Moreover, abnormalities in DNA repair which proved to be lethal for animal models are tolerated in plant genomes, although sensitivity to DNA damaging agents is retained. Due to the high conservation of DNA repair processes and factors mediating them among eukaryotes, genes and proteins that have been identified in model species may serve to identify homologous sequences in other species, including crop plants, in which these mechanisms are poorly understood. Crop breeding programs have provided remarkable advances in food quality and yield over the last century. Although the human population is predicted to “peak” by 2050, further advances in yield will be required to feed this population. Breeding requires genetic diversity. The biological impact of any mutagenic agent used for the creation of genetic diversity depends on the chemical nature of the induced lesions and on the efficiency and accuracy of their repair. More recent targeted mutagenesis procedures also depend on host repair processes, with different pathways yielding different products. Enhanced understanding of DNA repair processes in plants will inform and accelerate the engineering of crop genomes via both traditional and targeted approaches. © 2015 Manova and Gruszka.},

note = {159},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84939940248,

title = {Alleles of newly identified barley gene HvPARP3 exhibit changes in efficiency of DNA repair},

author = { M. Stolarek and D. Gruszka and A.J. Brąszewska-Zalewska and M. Maluszynski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939940248&doi=10.1016%2fj.dnarep.2015.02.018&partnerID=40&md5=c463b719252b1fff6815ff799bf586b4},

doi = {10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.02.018},

issn = {15687864},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {DNA Repair},

volume = {28},

pages = {116-130},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Genome integrity is constantly challenged by endo- and exogenous DNA-damaging factors. The influence of genotoxic agents causes an accumulation of DNA lesions, which if not repaired, become mutations that can cause various abnormalities in a cell metabolism. The main pathway of DSB repair, which is based on non-homologous recombination, is canonical non-homologous end joining (C-NHEJ). It has been shown that this mechanism is highly conserved in both Pro- and Eukaryotes. The mechanisms that underlie DSB repair through C-NHEJ have mainly been investigated in mammalian systems, and therefore our knowledge about this process is much more limited as far as plants, and crop plants in particular, are concerned. Recent studies have demonstrated that PARP3 is an important response factor to the presence of DSB in a genome. The aims of this study were to identify the sequence of the barley PARP3 gene, to perform a mutational analysis of the sequence that was identified using the TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) method and to phenotype the mutants that were identified through their exposure to mutagenic treatment with the DSB-inducing chemical - bleomycin. A functional analysis led to the identification of a series of parp3 alleles. The mutants were characterized using several different approaches, including quantifying the DSB and γH2AX foci, which validated the function of the HvPARP3 gene in DSB repair in barley. The potential involvement of the HvPARP3 gene in the regulation of telomere length in barley was also analyzed. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84914146005,

title = {Induced variations in brassinosteroid genes define barley height and sturdiness, and expand the green revolution genetic toolkit},

author = { C. Dockter and D. Gruszka and I. Braumann and A. Druka and I. Druka and J. Franckowiak and S.P. Gough and A. Janeczko and M.M. Kurowska and J. Lundqvist and U. Lundqvist and M. Marzec and I. Matyszczak and A.H. Müller and J. Oklestkova and B. Schulz and S. Zakhrabekova and M. Hansson},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84914146005&doi=10.1104%2fpp.114.250738&partnerID=40&md5=f95e254bcf209d3c56eb585f06883b42},

doi = {10.1104/pp.114.250738},

issn = {00320889},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Plant Physiology},

volume = {166},

number = {4},

pages = {1912-1927},

publisher = {American Society of Plant Biologists},

abstract = {Reduced plant height and culm robustness are quantitative characteristics important for assuring cereal crop yield and quality under adverse weather conditions. A very limited number of short-culm mutant alleles were introduced into commercial crop cultivars during the Green Revolution. We identified phenotypic traits, including sturdy culm, specific for deficiencies in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling in semidwarf mutants of barley (Hordeum vulgare). This set of characteristic traits was explored to perform a phenotypic screen of near-isogenic short-culm mutant lines from the brachytic, breviaristatum, dense spike, erectoides, semibrachytic, semidwarf, and slender dwarf mutant groups. In silico mapping of brassinosteroid-related genes in the barley genome in combination with sequencing of barley mutant lines assigned more than 20 historic mutants to three brassinosteroid-biosynthesis genes (BRASSINOSTEROID-6-OXIDASE; CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC DWARF; and DIMINUTO) and one brassinosteroid-signaling gene (BRASSINOSTEROIDINSENSITIVE1 [HvBRI1]). Analyses of F2 and M2 populations, allelic crosses, and modeling of nonsynonymous amino acid exchanges in protein crystal structures gave a further understanding of the control of barley plant architecture and sturdiness by brassinosteroidrelated genes. Alternatives to the widely used but highly temperature-sensitive uzu1.a allele of HvBRI1 represent potential genetic building blocks for breeding strategies with sturdy and climate-tolerant barley cultivars. © 2014 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.},

note = {81},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84877338739,

title = {The role of strigolactones in nutrient-stress responses in plants},

author = { M. Marzec and A. Muszyńska and D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84877338739&doi=10.3390%2fijms14059286&partnerID=40&md5=8e1929444590b73932f8aea3e37d5efa},

doi = {10.3390/ijms14059286},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {14},

number = {5},

pages = {9286-9304},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Strigolactones (SLs) are a new group of plant hormones, which have been intensively investigated during the last few years. The wide spectrum of SLs actions, including the regulation of shoot/root architecture, and the stimulation of the interactions between roots and fungi or bacteria, as well as the stimulation of germination of parasitic plants, indicates that this group of hormones may play an important role in the mechanisms that control soil exploration, and the root-mediated uptake of nutrients. Current studies have shown that SLs might be factors that have an influence on the plant response to a deficiency of macronutrients. Experimental data from the last four years have confirmed that the biosynthesis and exudation of SLs are increased under phosphorus and nitrogen deficiency. All these data suggest that SLs may regulate the complex response to nutrient stress, which include not only the modification of the plant developmental process, but also the cooperation with other organisms in order to minimize the effects of threats. In this paper the results of studies that indicate that SLs play an important role in the response to nutrient stress are reviewed and the consequences of the higher biosynthesis and exudation of SLs in response to phosphorus and nitrogen deficiency are discussed. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {40},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84876946919,

title = {The brassinosteroid signaling pathway-new key players and interconnections with other signaling networks crucial for plant development and stress tolerance},

author = { D. Gruszka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876946919&doi=10.3390%2fijms14058740&partnerID=40&md5=90bd5b826335d7da78a77a1166c84e85},

doi = {10.3390/ijms14058740},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {14},

number = {5},

pages = {8740-8774},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid hormones regulating a wide range of physiological processes during the plant life cycle from seed development to the modulation of flowering and senescence. The last decades, and recent years in particular, have witnessed a significant advance in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of BR signaling from perception by the transmembrane receptor complex to the regulation of transcription factors influencing expression of the target genes. Application of the new approaches shed light on the molecular functions of the key players regulating the BR signaling cascade and allowed identification of new factors. Recent studies clearly indicated that some of the components of BR signaling pathway act as multifunctional proteins involved in other signaling networks regulating diverse physiological processes, such as photomorphogenesis, cell death control, stomatal development, flowering, plant immunity to pathogens and metabolic responses to stress conditions, including salinity. Regulation of some of these processes is mediated through a crosstalk between BR signalosome and the signaling cascades of other hormones, including auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid. Unravelling the complicated mechanisms of BR signaling and its interconnections with other molecular networks may be of great importance for future practical applications in agriculture. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {99},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84862190811,

title = {The barley EST DNA Replication and Repair Database (bEST-DRRD) as a tool for the identification of the genes involved in DNA replication and repair},

author = { D. Gruszka and M. Marzec and I. Szarejko},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862190811&doi=10.1186%2f1471-2229-12-88&partnerID=40&md5=26f2e976cd33d1e8a0173a75a410f71e},

doi = {10.1186/1471-2229-12-88},

issn = {14712229},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {BMC Plant Biology},

volume = {12},

abstract = {Background: The high level of conservation of genes that regulate DNA replication and repair indicates that they may serve as a source of information on the origin and evolution of the species and makes them a reliable system for the identification of cross-species homologs. Studies that had been conducted to date shed light on the processes of DNA replication and repair in bacteria, yeast and mammals. However, there is still much to be learned about the process of DNA damage repair in plants.Description: These studies, which were conducted mainly using bioinformatics tools, enabled the list of genes that participate in various pathways of DNA repair in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh to be outlined; however, information regarding these mechanisms in crop plants is still very limited. A similar, functional approach is particularly difficult for a species whose complete genomic sequences are still unavailable. One of the solutions is to apply ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) as the basis for gene identification. For the construction of the barley EST DNA Replication and Repair Database (bEST-DRRD), presented here, the Arabidopsis nucleotide and protein sequences involved in DNA replication and repair were used to browse for and retrieve the deposited sequences, derived from four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sequence databases, including the " Barley Genome version 0.05" database (encompassing ca. 90% of barley coding sequences) and from two databases covering the complete genomes of two monocot models: Oryza sativa L. and Brachypodium distachyon L. in order to identify homologous genes. Sequences of the categorised Arabidopsis queries are used for browsing the repositories, which are located on the ViroBLAST platform. The bEST-DRRD is currently used in our project during the identification and validation of the barley genes involved in DNA repair.Conclusions: The presented database provides information about the Arabidopsis genes involved in DNA replication and repair, their expression patterns and models of protein interactions. It was designed and established to provide an open-access tool for the identification of monocot homologs of known Arabidopsis genes that are responsible for DNA-related processes. The barley genes identified in the project are currently being analysed to validate their function. © 2012 Gruszka et al.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84861444201,

title = {Mutation at the circadian clock gene EARLY MATURITY 8 adapts domesticated barley (Hordeum vulgare) to short growing seasons},

author = { S. Faure and A.S. Turner and D. Gruszka and V. Christodoulou and S.J. Davis and M. Von Korff and D.A. Laurie},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861444201&doi=10.1073%2fpnas.1120496109&partnerID=40&md5=0fbf0cf866944abd66b3f0d7eb13a61f},

doi = {10.1073/pnas.1120496109},

issn = {00278424},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},

volume = {109},

number = {21},

pages = {8328-8333},

abstract = {The circadian clock is an autonomous oscillator that produces endogenous biological rhythms with a period of about 24 h. This clock allows organisms to coordinate their metabolism and development with predicted daily and seasonal changes of the environment. In plants, circadian rhythms contribute to both evolutionary fitness and agricultural productivity. Nevertheless, we show that commercial barley varieties bred for short growing seasons by use of early maturity 8 (eam8) mutations, also termed mat-a, are severely compromised in clock gene expression and clock outputs. We identified EAM8 as a barley ortholog of the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock regulator EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3) and demonstrate that eam8 accelerates the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth and inflorescence development. We propose that eam8 was selected as barley cultivation moved to high-latitude short-season environments in Europe because it allowed rapid flowering in genetic backgrounds that contained a previously selected late-flowering mutation of the photoperiod response gene Ppd-H1. We show that eam8 mutants have increased expression of the floral activator HvFT1, which is independent of allelic variation at Ppd-H1. The selection of independent eam8 mutations shows that this strategy facilitates short growth-season adaptation and expansion of the geographic range of barley, despite the pronounced clock defect.},

note = {168},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-80255124880,

title = {Identification of barley DWARF gene involved in brassinosteroid synthesis},

author = { D. Gruszka and I. Szarejko and M. Maluszynski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80255124880&doi=10.1007%2fs10725-011-9607-9&partnerID=40&md5=6738671c80939e7ab073e97ea4ee9ddb},

doi = {10.1007/s10725-011-9607-9},

issn = {01676903},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Plant Growth Regulation},

volume = {65},

number = {2},

pages = {343-358},

abstract = {Brassinosteroids (BR) are plant steroid hormones regulating various aspects of morphogenesis, such as seed development and germination, cell division and elongation, differentiation of tracheary elements, development during growth in darkness (skotomorphogenesis), photosynthesis and response to environmental stress. Brassinosteroid synthesis has been studied to a great extent in the dicot species, Arabidopsis thaliana, resulting in the identification of genes participating in this process. Much less is known about BR synthesis in crops, including the monocots. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize barley coding sequence HvDWARF involved in brassinosteroid synthesis. This sequence, encoding brassinosteroid-6-oxidase, was identified on the basis of barley ESTs. This sequence was screened for nucleotide substitutions in semi-dwarf, chemically-induced barley mutants exhibiting changes in etiolation. The responsiveness of these genotypes to exogenous brassinosteroids was determined with the use of leaf-blade segment unrolling tests. The semi-dwarf phenotype of the BR-deficient mutants was rescued by the application of 10-5 M 24-epi-brassinolide. Two missense mutations were identified within the HvDWARF sequence in BR-deficient mutants 522DK and 527DK from variety 'Delisa'. These substitutions cause changes of amino acid residues located within the conserved fragments of the encoded polypeptide. The transcription profile of HvDWARF and HvBAK1/SERK3, involved in BR signaling, was determined during the early stages of seedling development in BR-deficient and BR-insensitive mutants using real-time quantitative PCR. This analysis indicated that HvDWARF displays a uniformly low level of this process, whereas the transcription level of HvBAK1 proved to be spatially and temporally regulated. © 2011 The Author(s).},

note = {27},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-80053627631,

title = {TILLING - a shortcut in functional genomics},

author = { M.M. Kurowska and A. Daszkowska-Golec and D. Gruszka and M. Marzec and M. Szurman and I. Szarejko and M. Maluszynski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053627631&doi=10.1007%2fs13353-011-0061-1&partnerID=40&md5=59e48b59a6de3676dbabe53974f2599e},

doi = {10.1007/s13353-011-0061-1},

issn = {12341983},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Applied Genetics},

volume = {52},

number = {4},

pages = {371-390},

abstract = {Recent advances in large-scale genome sequencing projects have opened up new possibilities for the application of conventional mutation techniques in not only forward but also reverse genetics strategies. TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) was developed a decade ago as an alternative to insertional mutagenesis. It takes advantage of classical mutagenesis, sequence availability and high-throughput screening for nucleotide polymorphisms in a targeted sequence. The main advantage of TILLING as a reverse genetics strategy is that it can be applied to any species, regardless of its genome size and ploidy level. The TILLING protocol provides a high frequency of point mutations distributed randomly in the genome. The great mutagenic potential of chemical agents to generate a high rate of nucleotide substitutions has been proven by the high density of mutations reported for TILLING populations in various plant species. For most of them, the analysis of several genes revealed 1 mutation/200-500 kb screened and much higher densities were observed for polyploid species, such as wheat. High-throughput TILLING permits the rapid and low-cost discovery of new alleles that are induced in plants. Several research centres have established a TILLING public service for various plant species. The recent trends in TILLING procedures rely on the diversification of bioinformatic tools, new methods of mutation detection, including mismatch-specific and sensitive endonucleases, but also various alternatives for LI-COR screening and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery using next-generation sequencing technologies. The TILLING strategy has found numerous applications in functional genomics. Additionally, wide applications of this throughput method in basic and applied research have already been implemented through modifications of the original TILLING strategy, such as Ecotilling or Deletion TILLING. © 2011 The Author(s).},

note = {130},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79959561965,

title = {New allele of HvBRI1 gene encoding brassinosteroid receptor in barley},

author = { D. Gruszka and I. Szarejko and M. Maluszynski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79959561965&doi=10.1007%2fs13353-011-0031-7&partnerID=40&md5=b10feb33acea4ad7c6176db058491229},

doi = {10.1007/s13353-011-0031-7},

issn = {12341983},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Applied Genetics},

volume = {52},

number = {3},

pages = {257-268},

abstract = {The aim of these studies was to characterize nucleotide substitutions leading to the phenotype of brassinosteroid-insensitive, semi-dwarf barley mutant 093AR. Two substitutions in the sequence of barley HvBRI1 gene, encoding leucine-rich repeats receptor kinase (LRR-RK), which participates in brassinosteroid (BR) signalling, were identified in this chemically-induced barley mutant of the cv. Aramir. The LRR-RK is a transmembrane protein phosphorylating downstream components. The identified substitutions CC>AA at positions 1760 and 1761 in the HvBRI1 gene of this mutant led to a missense mutation, causing the Thr-573 to Lys-573 replacement in the protein sequence. The threonine residue is situated in the distal part of a 70-amino acids island responsible for binding of BR molecules. As this residue is conserved among BRI1 protein homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana, Lycopersicon esculentum, Oryza sativa and Hordeum vulgare, it was postulated that this residue is crucial for the protein function. The genetic analyses indicated that the mutant 093AR was allelic to the spontaneous, semi-dwarf mutant uzu which carries A>G substitution at position 2612 of the HvBRI1 gene (GenBank acc. no. AB088206). A comparison of the genomic sequence of HvBRI1 in the mutants uzu, 093AR and in the cv. 'Aramir' confirmed the presence of the single-nucleotide A>G substitution at position 2612 in the sequence encoding kinase domain of HvBRI1 polypeptide in uzu, but not in 093AR mutant, indicating that a new allele of the HvBRI1 gene was identified. © 2011 The Author(s).},

note = {24},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}