2009
Karczewska, D. M.; Karczewski, J.; Włoch, W.; Jura-Morawiec, J.; Kojs, P.; Iqbal, M.; Krawczyszyn, J.
In: Acta Biotheoretica, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 331-348, 2009, ISSN: 00015342, (12).
@article{2-s2.0-70350464339,
title = {Mathematical modeling of intrusive growth of fusiform initials in relation to radial growth and expanding cambial circumference in Pinus sylvestris L.},
author = { D.M. Karczewska and J. Karczewski and W. Włoch and J. Jura-Morawiec and P. Kojs and M. Iqbal and J. Krawczyszyn},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350464339&doi=10.1007%2fs10441-009-9068-y&partnerID=40&md5=5cbdaeba5f5744206c78a8cfc2ee3de8},
doi = {10.1007/s10441-009-9068-y},
issn = {00015342},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Acta Biotheoretica},
volume = {57},
number = {3},
pages = {331-348},
abstract = {This study on the cambium of Pinus sylvestris L. examines the intrusive growth of fusiform cambial initials and its possible contribution to the tangential and radial expansions of the cambial cylinder. The location and extent of intrusive growth of the fusiform initials were determined by microscopic observations and by mathematical modeling. In order to meet the required circumferential expansion of the cambial cylinder, the fusiform initials grow in groups by means of a symplastic rather than intrusive growth, leaving no room for the assumption that intrusive growth of the initials takes place between radial walls and has a direct role in the increase of the cambial circumference. Therefore, it is postulated that the fusiform initials grow intrusively between the tangential walls of the neighboring initials and their immediate derivatives and not between the radial walls of the adjacent initials as per common belief. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.},
note = {12},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study on the cambium of Pinus sylvestris L. examines the intrusive growth of fusiform cambial initials and its possible contribution to the tangential and radial expansions of the cambial cylinder. The location and extent of intrusive growth of the fusiform initials were determined by microscopic observations and by mathematical modeling. In order to meet the required circumferential expansion of the cambial cylinder, the fusiform initials grow in groups by means of a symplastic rather than intrusive growth, leaving no room for the assumption that intrusive growth of the initials takes place between radial walls and has a direct role in the increase of the cambial circumference. Therefore, it is postulated that the fusiform initials grow intrusively between the tangential walls of the neighboring initials and their immediate derivatives and not between the radial walls of the adjacent initials as per common belief. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.
2006
Jura, J.; Kojs, P.; Iqbal, M.; Szymanowska-Pułka, J.; Włoch, W.
Apical intrusive growth of cambial fusiform initials along the tangential walls of adjacent fusiform initials: Evidence for a new concept Journal Article
In: Australian Journal of Botany, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 493-504, 2006, ISSN: 00671924, (19).
@article{2-s2.0-33746889854,
title = {Apical intrusive growth of cambial fusiform initials along the tangential walls of adjacent fusiform initials: Evidence for a new concept},
author = { J. Jura and P. Kojs and M. Iqbal and J. Szymanowska-Pułka and W. Włoch},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33746889854&doi=10.1071%2fBT05130&partnerID=40&md5=a63a444dd567cc6a579c0d87159b97af},
doi = {10.1071/BT05130},
issn = {00671924},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Australian Journal of Botany},
volume = {54},
number = {5},
pages = {493-504},
abstract = {A new study of cambium of Pinus sylvestris L., Tilia cordata Mill. and Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC provides fresh clues on the cambial dynamics, rejecting the hitherto held concept that intrusive growth of the fusiform initial occurs between the radial walls of adjacent initials. It demonstrates that intrusion of the elongating initial in fact takes place along tangential walls of adjacent fusiform initials and their immediate derivatives. It also suggests a new mechanism for 'elimination of initials'. Intrusive growth of the fusiform initial was found to begin with development of characteristic slants, representing a transitional stage of the process of transformation of periclinal walls of fusiform initial cells into radial walls, as observed in transverse sections of active cambium. The gradually progressing event comprised (a) appearance of either a triangular microspace limited by two periclinal walls of a fusiform initial and its derivative and one radial wall of another fusiform initial in the adjacent radial file, or a rhomboidal microspace enclosed by four periclinal walls of two laterally adjacent fusiform initials and their immediate derivatives, (b) intrusion of elongating tip of fusiform initial from neighbouring file into the microspace thus formed, (c) symplastic growth of the cambial cell walls in radial direction, (d) unequal periclinal divisions of fusiform initial cells while growing intrusively, and (e) unequal periclinal divisions of derivative cells not growing intrusively. Intrusive growth between periclinal walls affected rearrangement of the fusiform initials but did not add to the cambial circumference. The existing concepts of (a) intrusion of the fusiform initial between radial walls of neighbouring initials and (b) elimination of fusiform initials from cambial surface have been reassessed and redefined. © CSIRO 2006.},
note = {19},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A new study of cambium of Pinus sylvestris L., Tilia cordata Mill. and Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC provides fresh clues on the cambial dynamics, rejecting the hitherto held concept that intrusive growth of the fusiform initial occurs between the radial walls of adjacent initials. It demonstrates that intrusion of the elongating initial in fact takes place along tangential walls of adjacent fusiform initials and their immediate derivatives. It also suggests a new mechanism for 'elimination of initials'. Intrusive growth of the fusiform initial was found to begin with development of characteristic slants, representing a transitional stage of the process of transformation of periclinal walls of fusiform initial cells into radial walls, as observed in transverse sections of active cambium. The gradually progressing event comprised (a) appearance of either a triangular microspace limited by two periclinal walls of a fusiform initial and its derivative and one radial wall of another fusiform initial in the adjacent radial file, or a rhomboidal microspace enclosed by four periclinal walls of two laterally adjacent fusiform initials and their immediate derivatives, (b) intrusion of elongating tip of fusiform initial from neighbouring file into the microspace thus formed, (c) symplastic growth of the cambial cell walls in radial direction, (d) unequal periclinal divisions of fusiform initial cells while growing intrusively, and (e) unequal periclinal divisions of derivative cells not growing intrusively. Intrusive growth between periclinal walls affected rearrangement of the fusiform initials but did not add to the cambial circumference. The existing concepts of (a) intrusion of the fusiform initial between radial walls of neighbouring initials and (b) elimination of fusiform initials from cambial surface have been reassessed and redefined. © CSIRO 2006.
2002
Włoch, W.; Mazur, E.; Bełtowski, M.
Formation of spiral grain in the wood of Pinus sylvestris L. Journal Article
In: Trees - Structure and Function, vol. 16, no. 4-5, pp. 306-312, 2002, ISSN: 09311890, (23).
@article{2-s2.0-0036586682,
title = {Formation of spiral grain in the wood of Pinus sylvestris L.},
author = { W. Włoch and E. Mazur and M. Bełtowski},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036586682&doi=10.1007%2fs00468-002-0174-6&partnerID=40&md5=183632494d4bfe0a24fa62df42071e35},
doi = {10.1007/s00468-002-0174-6},
issn = {09311890},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Trees - Structure and Function},
volume = {16},
number = {4-5},
pages = {306-312},
abstract = {In cambium producing wood of increasing spirality, the angle of inclination of fusiform cells to the stem axis is augmented with time. Frequently, events such as pseudotransverse anticlinal divisions and intrusive growth between radial walls do not explain the relatively large rate of change in the angle. The present analysis of the cambium of Pinus sylvestris L. indicates that the large rate of change in the angle of a cell inclination is caused by oriented intrusive growth of initial cells in certain files, entering the space between the tangential walls of neighbouring files. Such intrusive growth of the initial cell ends is caused by a deflection of the ends of neighbouring initial cells in the radial direction. A periclinal division plane does not reach the deflected end. This results in two derivatives, unequal in size, the shorter of which remains an initial cell, whereas the longer becomes a xylem or phloem mother cell. When these events are intensive, they cause a rapid change of cell inclination along the stem axis. Such a rapid change can take place even without oblique anticlinal divisions.},
note = {23},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In cambium producing wood of increasing spirality, the angle of inclination of fusiform cells to the stem axis is augmented with time. Frequently, events such as pseudotransverse anticlinal divisions and intrusive growth between radial walls do not explain the relatively large rate of change in the angle. The present analysis of the cambium of Pinus sylvestris L. indicates that the large rate of change in the angle of a cell inclination is caused by oriented intrusive growth of initial cells in certain files, entering the space between the tangential walls of neighbouring files. Such intrusive growth of the initial cell ends is caused by a deflection of the ends of neighbouring initial cells in the radial direction. A periclinal division plane does not reach the deflected end. This results in two derivatives, unequal in size, the shorter of which remains an initial cell, whereas the longer becomes a xylem or phloem mother cell. When these events are intensive, they cause a rapid change of cell inclination along the stem axis. Such a rapid change can take place even without oblique anticlinal divisions.
2001
Włoch, W.; Mazur, E.; Kojs, P.
Intensive change of inclination of cambial initials in Picea abies (L.) Karst. tumours Journal Article
In: Trees - Structure and Function, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 498-502, 2001, ISSN: 09311890, (18).
@article{2-s2.0-0035669845,
title = {Intensive change of inclination of cambial initials in Picea abies (L.) Karst. tumours},
author = { W. Włoch and E. Mazur and P. Kojs},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035669845&doi=10.1007%2fs00468-001-0127-5&partnerID=40&md5=56624007abde40a56c9435c40d5644fe},
doi = {10.1007/s00468-001-0127-5},
issn = {09311890},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Trees - Structure and Function},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {498-502},
abstract = {Changes in the inclination of cambial fusiform cells producing wavy grain wood in spruce trunk tumours were investigated. The rate of changes of cell inclination depends on events such as intrusive growth between periclinal walls of cells of neighbouring files and unequal periclinal divisions. Intrusive growth of initial cell ends between radial walls does not affect the change in cell inclination. The only reason for such change is the intrusive growth of initial cell ends between periclinal cell walls of neighbouring files. Initial cells do not form a continuous, integral layer. After periclinal division of initial cells the status of the initial is defined by the initial surface. After periclinal divisions of mother cells packets of cells are produced. In cambium, which does not rearrange, packets of cells originating from the same initial cell are located in one file. Cells in these packets do not usually grow intrusively and do not change their position. In tumorous cambium, packets are dislocated in periclinal planes. In the tangential surface a very large and rapid change in inclination of fusiform cells was observed. In spite of this change, which causes heterogeneous files, the order (arrangement) of the files was not disturbed.},
note = {18},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Changes in the inclination of cambial fusiform cells producing wavy grain wood in spruce trunk tumours were investigated. The rate of changes of cell inclination depends on events such as intrusive growth between periclinal walls of cells of neighbouring files and unequal periclinal divisions. Intrusive growth of initial cell ends between radial walls does not affect the change in cell inclination. The only reason for such change is the intrusive growth of initial cell ends between periclinal cell walls of neighbouring files. Initial cells do not form a continuous, integral layer. After periclinal division of initial cells the status of the initial is defined by the initial surface. After periclinal divisions of mother cells packets of cells are produced. In cambium, which does not rearrange, packets of cells originating from the same initial cell are located in one file. Cells in these packets do not usually grow intrusively and do not change their position. In tumorous cambium, packets are dislocated in periclinal planes. In the tangential surface a very large and rapid change in inclination of fusiform cells was observed. In spite of this change, which causes heterogeneous files, the order (arrangement) of the files was not disturbed.
1997
Kurczyńska, E. U.; Dmuchowski, W.; Włoch, W.; Bytnerowicz, A.
The influence of air pollutants on needles and stems of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees Journal Article
In: Environmental Pollution, vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 325-334, 1997, ISSN: 02697491, (66).
@article{2-s2.0-0345451538,
title = {The influence of air pollutants on needles and stems of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees},
author = { E.U. Kurczyńska and W. Dmuchowski and W. Włoch and A. Bytnerowicz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0345451538&doi=10.1016%2fS0269-7491%2897%2900141-3&partnerID=40&md5=879e3c66918167da8c65164c9b78e824},
doi = {10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00141-3},
issn = {02697491},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
volume = {98},
number = {3},
pages = {325-334},
abstract = {The influence of air pollution on the chemical composition of needles and stem anatomy (cambium, phloem, and xylem) of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) was examined in polluted and control forest sites near Warsaw, Poland. Foliar chemical composition was determined as an indicator of contamination of the trees examined anatomically. Anatomical analysis was carried out on samples including phloem, cambium, and current-year xylem collected at the breast height and from the tree top of the leader during one growing season. At the control site in current-year foliage, concentrations were N 1.53%, P 0.18%, K 0.5%, Ca 0.17%, Mg 910 ppm, Na 45 ppm, and S 0.145%, while at the polluted site concentrations were N 1.73%, P 0.18%, K 0.66%, Ca 0.35%, Mg 1509 ppm, Na 105 ppm and S 0.201%. Concentrations of heavy metals were significantly higher at the polluted site; only Mn was found in lower concentration. In trees from the polluted site, anatomical analysis revealed a decreased number of cambial cells at the beginning of growing season, phloem cells (at the tree top average number in a radial file was 21 and 14 in control and polluted sites, respectively), and formation of false rings with tracheids, similar to those in compression wood. Anatomical changes observed in trees from polluted sites are most likely caused by toxic effects of pollutants.},
note = {66},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The influence of air pollution on the chemical composition of needles and stem anatomy (cambium, phloem, and xylem) of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) was examined in polluted and control forest sites near Warsaw, Poland. Foliar chemical composition was determined as an indicator of contamination of the trees examined anatomically. Anatomical analysis was carried out on samples including phloem, cambium, and current-year xylem collected at the breast height and from the tree top of the leader during one growing season. At the control site in current-year foliage, concentrations were N 1.53%, P 0.18%, K 0.5%, Ca 0.17%, Mg 910 ppm, Na 45 ppm, and S 0.145%, while at the polluted site concentrations were N 1.73%, P 0.18%, K 0.66%, Ca 0.35%, Mg 1509 ppm, Na 105 ppm and S 0.201%. Concentrations of heavy metals were significantly higher at the polluted site; only Mn was found in lower concentration. In trees from the polluted site, anatomical analysis revealed a decreased number of cambial cells at the beginning of growing season, phloem cells (at the tree top average number in a radial file was 21 and 14 in control and polluted sites, respectively), and formation of false rings with tracheids, similar to those in compression wood. Anatomical changes observed in trees from polluted sites are most likely caused by toxic effects of pollutants.
Szymanowska-Pułka, J.; Włoch, W.
The Diagram for Phyllotactic Series Journal Article
In: Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 117-124, 1997, ISSN: 00016977.
@article{2-s2.0-0347307576,
title = {The Diagram for Phyllotactic Series},
author = { J. Szymanowska-Pułka and W. Włoch},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0347307576&partnerID=40&md5=7cc5b3bc78c012ef5a7b1eb5ef4ac405},
issn = {00016977},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae},
volume = {66},
number = {2},
pages = {117-124},
publisher = {Polish Botanical Society},
abstract = {Many authors studying phyllotaxis in various plant species have reported the occurrence of many different numbers of contact parastichy pairs that are members of different Fibonacci-like series. On the basis of these reports a diagram was constructed in which any theoretically possible series was represented by the two first members of a given series.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Many authors studying phyllotaxis in various plant species have reported the occurrence of many different numbers of contact parastichy pairs that are members of different Fibonacci-like series. On the basis of these reports a diagram was constructed in which any theoretically possible series was represented by the two first members of a given series.
1996
Kurczyńska, E. U.; Bełtowski, M.; Włoch, W.
Morphological and anatomical changes of scots pine dwarf shoots induced by air pollutants Journal Article
In: Environmental and Experimental Botany, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 185-197, 1996, ISSN: 00988472, (6).
@article{2-s2.0-0030186842,
title = {Morphological and anatomical changes of scots pine dwarf shoots induced by air pollutants},
author = { E.U. Kurczyńska and M. Bełtowski and W. Włoch},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030186842&doi=10.1016%2f0098-8472%2896%2901005-2&partnerID=40&md5=fcd2e84ff4223d090e1504987c01b84c},
doi = {10.1016/0098-8472(96)01005-2},
issn = {00988472},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-01-01},
journal = {Environmental and Experimental Botany},
volume = {36},
number = {2},
pages = {185-197},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {This study refers to the observation of Leyton and Juniper, that the Scots pine needle bases surrounded by multiple layers of dead scales can absorb water from dew or mist. It is suggested that this ability provides an additional site of entry for toxins originating from air pollutants. In connection with this hypothesis investigations were carried out on the dwarf shoots of Pinus sylvestris L. trees growing in different areas along an air pollution gradient. The damages to the needles, the 'weathering' of the sheath scale surrounding the base of the dwarf shoots, and the decay of surface cells in the basal part of the shoot apex in the axil of the needles and on the adaxial surface of the needles were measured. All of them were exacerbated by increased pollution.},
note = {6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study refers to the observation of Leyton and Juniper, that the Scots pine needle bases surrounded by multiple layers of dead scales can absorb water from dew or mist. It is suggested that this ability provides an additional site of entry for toxins originating from air pollutants. In connection with this hypothesis investigations were carried out on the dwarf shoots of Pinus sylvestris L. trees growing in different areas along an air pollution gradient. The damages to the needles, the 'weathering' of the sheath scale surrounding the base of the dwarf shoots, and the decay of surface cells in the basal part of the shoot apex in the axil of the needles and on the adaxial surface of the needles were measured. All of them were exacerbated by increased pollution.
1993
Włoch, W.; Karczewski, J.; Ogrodnik, B.
Relationship between the grain pattern in the wood, domain pattern and pattern of growth activity in the storeyed cambium of trees Journal Article
In: Trees, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 137-143, 1993, ISSN: 09311890, (3).
@article{2-s2.0-0003451699,
title = {Relationship between the grain pattern in the wood, domain pattern and pattern of growth activity in the storeyed cambium of trees},
author = { W. Włoch and J. Karczewski and B. Ogrodnik},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0003451699&doi=10.1007%2fBF00199613&partnerID=40&md5=cd31d5f0583efab6cd3ea249a2f0ad27},
doi = {10.1007/BF00199613},
issn = {09311890},
year = {1993},
date = {1993-01-01},
journal = {Trees},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {137-143},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
abstract = {The relationship between the arrangement of cell events occurring in cambium in a definite configuration and the grain pattern of wood was investigated. Taking into consideration the growth activity of fusiform cell ends, a model of a migrating morphogenetic wave determining an event configuration was made. Waves of length λ=1 m for the periods T=2 years and T=3 years and waves of lengths λ=l m and λ=0.04 m for the period T=10 years were considered. On the model, events from successive annual rings, conventionally comprising 10 cell layers each, were summed. In this way, event maps were obtained. For wave λ=4 mm, the domain pattern on the modelled map was compatible with the grain pattern. The domain pattern for the wave λ=1 m was impossible to recreate because the wave "migrated too fast". In this case, the pattern of event configuration, incompatible with the grain pattern, formed microareas, which were not domains. © 1993 Springer-Verlag.},
note = {3},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The relationship between the arrangement of cell events occurring in cambium in a definite configuration and the grain pattern of wood was investigated. Taking into consideration the growth activity of fusiform cell ends, a model of a migrating morphogenetic wave determining an event configuration was made. Waves of length λ=1 m for the periods T=2 years and T=3 years and waves of lengths λ=l m and λ=0.04 m for the period T=10 years were considered. On the model, events from successive annual rings, conventionally comprising 10 cell layers each, were summed. In this way, event maps were obtained. For wave λ=4 mm, the domain pattern on the modelled map was compatible with the grain pattern. The domain pattern for the wave λ=1 m was impossible to recreate because the wave "migrated too fast". In this case, the pattern of event configuration, incompatible with the grain pattern, formed microareas, which were not domains. © 1993 Springer-Verlag.