@article{2-s2.0-85105102398,

title = {The influence of heating on the carbon isotope composition, organic geochemistry and petrology of coal from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland): An experimental and field study},

author = { J. Ciesielczuk and M. Górka and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Misz-Kennan and D. Jura},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105102398&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2021.103749&partnerID=40&md5=bd6f6cc1f7819b03ba7bf04bff77e70b},

doi = {10.1016/j.coal.2021.103749},

issn = {01665162},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

volume = {241},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {The impact of natural intra-deposit heating on the δ13C signature, organic geochemistry, and petrology of coal and coal-bearing rocks characterised by various degrees of coalification and palaeoenvironments in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, is elaborated. Reconstruction of palaeofire performed by heating experiments up to 400 °C in open and semi-closed systems with different heating regimes confirms the crucial significance of temperature and oxygen access. In open-system heating, released 13C-depleted gases enrich residue coke in 13C compared to raw coal. Petrological examinations did not show the impact of palaeofires on the maceral properties of coal. However, the carried-out experiment caused the formation of devolatilisation pores, rounded edges, cracks, pale rims, as well as higher reflectance and paler colour that was what was expected. Extractable compounds become highly depleted, and low-weight organic compounds nearly absent. Relatively high contents of combustion-formed PAHs are an indicator of open-system heating. In semi-closed systems, the final total isotopic composition was almost unchanged as no components are carried away though changes in petrography and geochemistry occur. Increased extract yields reflect the release of bitumen from closed pores and partial pyrolysis of organic matter. Depletion of lighter n-alkane compounds, total carbon TC and volatiles decrease, and variable values of various alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon ratios are also indicative of semi-closed heating. Coal seams suspected of intra-deposit heating show geochemical and isotopic features similar to semi-closed- rather than open-system heating, and their δ13C signatures and organic geochemistry did not respond strongly during laboratory re-heating. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84933048982,

title = {The precambrian and lower paleozoic of the brunovistulicum (eastern part of the upper silesian block, southern Poland) – The state of the art},

author = { Z. Buła and R. Habryn and M. Jachowicz-Zdanowska and J. Żaba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84933048982&doi=10.7306%2fgq.1203&partnerID=40&md5=a0650942cf5733d4eacc976b768145a0},

doi = {10.7306/gq.1203},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {59},

number = {1},

pages = {123-134},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {The Precambrain basement and Lower Paleozoic (Cambrian–Ordovicuna) sedimentary cover in the eastern part of the Upper Silesian Block (Brunovistulicum), known only in boreholes, is presented, and their palaeogeographic, fancies and palaeotectonic development is discussed. The former is characterized by a heterogenous structure that consists of Arching-Lower Proterozoic and Neoproterozoic rocks of different lithologies and origins, and the latter is almost exclusively represented by marine, transitional and terrestrial siliciclastic rocks. In contrast to the neighboring region of the western part of the Ma³opolska Block, the siliciclastic sedimenstation took place during the Early and Middle Cambrian in this area, however, the Ordovician deposits were encountered in several boreholes and no Silurian rocks have been reported in the northern part of this region. The authors present the most probable model of sidementation, teconics and origin of the geological structure of the Lower Paleozoic sedimonetary cover in the Upper Silesian Block, define research problems, and justify the need for new drillings. Based on the geological and structural analysis of the depth to the top surface of the Lower Paleozoic, they define the optimal location for three 1500 m deep boreholes to solve the basic research problems. © 2015, Polish Geological Institute. All Rights Reserved.},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84896294499,

title = {Determination of multiple organic matter sources in aerosol PM10 from Wrocław, Poland using molecular and stable carbon isotope compositions},

author = { M. Górka and M. Rybicki and B.R.T. Simoneit and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896294499&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2014.02.064&partnerID=40&md5=9390a1713799db540699f700d4e87110},

doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.064},

issn = {13522310},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Atmospheric Environment},

volume = {89},

pages = {739-748},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {The natural and anthropogenic contributions of hydrocarbon groups (aliphatic and aromatic), as well as total organic carbon, in atmospheric PM10 dust (particulate matter <10μm) collected from Wrocław (SW Poland) were assessed using combined molecular (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry - GC-MS) and stable carbon isotopic (isotope-ratio mass spectrometry - IR-MS) analyses. The PM10 samples were taken in the seasonal sampling program in 2007, and represent air pollution from all months of the year. The δ13C values of the total carbon varied seasonally from-27.6 to-25.3- The isotopic mass balance calculations confirmed greater coal burning input, reaching 70.5%, in the heating season and dominant transported sources 47.5% in the vegetative season. The data obtained for the aliphatic fractions: carbon preference index (CPI), carbon number maximum (Cmax), wax n-alkane contents (%WNA), and δ13C values of the aliphatic fractions (-36.6 to-29.4-), indicated a dominant anthropogenic origin (gasoline/diesel/coal combustion) and a lesser biogenic input (biomass burning and natural organic matter). Petroleum and coal combustion emissions were confirmed by the presence of hopanes and moretanes. The molecular analysis of the concentrations and diagnostic ratios of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the δ13C values of the aromatic fractions (-35.4 to-26.8-) indicated that the main PAH sources were also collectively from combustion of liquid fuels and coal. Based on PAH discrimination diagrams it is also clear that the main organic carbon source is derived from coal, biomass and petroleum combustion in both seasons. However, taking into account the PAH concentrations during the vegetative and heating seasons, coal and biomass burning seem to be their major source. Additionally, the polar organic compounds (mainly levoglucosan) confirmed a significant contribution from biomass burning to the total anthropogenic input. The general conclusion derived from coupling of organic tracer analysis and carbon isotopic data of PM10 was that the total carbon (including insoluble soot) is likely derived from fossil fuel combustion, while the extractable organic matter is a mixture from different sources with significant inputs of biomass burning. We have also shown that dominant organic tracers do not always represent the major input source in aerosol PM and the unresolved part of the organic matter (soot) is important in the carbon budget. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {59},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-68949199486,

title = {More evidence on Neoproterozoic terranes in Southern Poland and southeastern Romania},

author = { A. Zelaźniewicz and Z. Buła and M. Fanning and A. Seghedi and J. Żaba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-68949199486&partnerID=40&md5=f7feb5c583f168550815e071e9c6a99a},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {53},

number = {1},

pages = {93-124},

abstract = {New geological, geochemical and U-Pb SHRIMP zirconage data brought more information about basement units in subsurface of Southern Poland and SE Romania, which allows to revise and refine some earlier models in the framework of the break-up of the Rodinia/Pannotia supercontinent. In the Brno Block, Moravia, and in the Upper Silesia Block, three different terranes formed the composite Brunovistulia Terrane. The Thaya Terrane (low eNd (T)) of Gondwana (Amazonia) descent collided obliquely at 640-620 Ma with the Slavkov Terrane (moderate eNd (T)) composed of amphibolitefacies metasediments and arc-related, mostly unfoliated granitoids which intruded at 580-560 Ma. At that time, back-arc rifting separated the couple Thaya-Slavkov (inherited zircons: 1.01-1.2; 1.4-1.5; 1.65-1.8 Ga) that drifted away from Gondwana until collision around 560-550 Ma with the Rzeszotary Terrane, the Palaeoproterozoic (2.7-2.0 Ga) crustal sliver deriVěd from Amazonia or West Africa. Atleast these three units composed Brunovistulia, which occurred at low latitudes in proximity to Baltica as shown by palaeomagnetic and palaeobiogeographic data. Then Brunovistulia was accreted to the thinned passive margin of Baltica around its Małopolska promontory/proximal terrane. A complex foreland flysch basin developed in front of the SlavkovRzeszotary suture and across the Rzeszotary-Baltica/Małopolska border. The further from the suture the less amount of the 640-550 Ma detritalzircons extracted from the Thaya-Slavkov hinter land and the smaller eNd (T) values. In West Małopolska, the flysch contains mainly Neoproterozoiczircons (720-550 Ma), whereas in East Małopolska 1.8-2.1 Ga and 2.5 Gazircons dominate, which resembles nearby Baltica. The basin infill was multiphase folded and sheared; in Upper Silesia prior to deposition of the pre-Holmia Cambrian over step. In Małopolska, the folded flysch series formed a large-scale antiformal stack with thermal anticline in its core marked by low-grade metamorphic over print. In Central Dobrogea, Moesia, Ediacaran flysch also contains mainly 700-575 Ma detritalzircons which link the source area, likely in South Dobrogea with ca. 560 Ma granitoids, rather close with Gondwana. However, fauna in Lower Cambrian over step strata shows Baltican affinity. Such features resemble Upper Silesia, thus Brunovistulia might have extended beeath the Carpathians down to Moesia. The other part of South Dobrogea with Palaeoproterozoic iron stones resembles Ukrainian banded iron formation. If true, the Baltican sliver would be incorporated in Moesia. Such a possibility concurs with the provenance data from Ediacaran flysch of Central Dobrogea, which points to up lifted continental block as a source of detrital material. Our study supports an earlier proposition that at the end of the Neoproterozoic a group of small terranes that included Brunovistulia, Moesia and Małopolska formed the Teisseyre-Tornquist Terrane Assemblage (TTA). In our model, a characteristic feature of the TTA was a mixture of crustal elements that were deriVěd from both Gondwana and Baltica, which gave rise to mutual collisions of the elements prior to and concurrent with the docking to Baltica in latest Ediacaran times. The presence of extensive younger covers and complex Phanerozoic evolution of individual members of the TTA impede the recognition of their Neoproterozoic history.},

note = {93},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-58149509615,

title = {Tectonic subdivision of Poland: Southern Poland (Upper Silesian Block, and Małopolska Block) [Regionalizacja tektoniczna Polski - Polska południowa (blok górnoślaski i blok małopolski)]},

author = { Z. Buła and J. Żaba and R. Habryn},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149509615&partnerID=40&md5=01a6976999c1d19a0c5f5a8be3ad34a7},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {56},

number = {10},

pages = {912-920},

abstract = {The attempt to divide the Upper Silesian Block and the Małopolska Block into tectonic units has been based on a general map at scale of 1:1000000, without Permian-Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata. Cartographic, general and monographic works regarding formation of Precambrian basement of both of the blocks have been discussed and presented, and data concerning development of sedimentation, tectonics, and structure of the Paleozoic cover of the blocks were the background for the suggested division. The Upper Silesian Block is a part of a larger unit determined as the Brunovistulicum, which together with the Brno Block are entirely located within the borders of the Czech Republic. The Brunovistulicum and the Małopolska Block vary information of Precambrian basement and covering Paleozoic formations, what proves different paleogeographical-facial and paleotectonic development. Current data do not allow determining their southern range, where both units are within the range of the orogeny of the Outer Carpathians and quite possibly in the range of the Inner Carpathians. The boundary of the Brunovistulicum and the Małopolska Block along the part between Lubliniec and Cracow and farther to the vicinity of Bochnia and Nowy Sacz is relatively well defined and documented. It is a narrow Cracow-Lubliniec fault zone, approximately 500 m wide, cutting and moving all rock series of the Precambrian and the Paleozoic. The fault zone of the Odra River probably forms its NW continuation. The following tectonic units have been distinguished in the Upper Silesian Block: 1) Moravian-Silesian Fold-and-Thrust Belt, 2) Upper Silesian Fold Zone, 3) Upper Silesian Trough, 4) Bielsko-Biała Dome, 5) Rzeszotary Horst, 6) Liplas Graben. There is only one tectonic unit distinguished in the Małopolska Block - Kielce Fold Belt, dipping towards NW-SE, along the NE boundary of the block. Paleozoic formations building the unit represent thrust fault structure. In this case, the Kielce Fold Belt significantly varies from the other parts of the Małopolska Block, where Paleozoic formations build numerous small block structures.},

note = {47},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-46649120723,

title = {Structure of the Precambrian basement of the eastern part of the Upper Silesia block (Brunovistulicum) [Struktura prekambryjskeigo podłoża wschodniej cześci bloku górnoślaskiego (Brunovistulicum)]},

author = { Z. Buła and J. Żaba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-46649120723&partnerID=40&md5=0b72098d8c1c842c07da8a492fd89a39},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {56},

number = {6},

pages = {473-480},

abstract = {Two large, regional tectonic units, represented by Malopolska and Brunovistulicum blocks (terrains) can be distinguished in the southern Poland. The Cracow-Lubliniec fault zone forms their border. They vary both in the structures of the Precambrian basement and the Paleozoic rock cover, which shows different paleogeographic-facies and paleotectonic development. They are separated from the neighboring tectonic units by immense deep fault zones. Archean and Early Proterozoic metamorphic rocks within the Rzeszotary horst (2.6-2.8 and 2.0 Ga) are the oldest formations building the Brunovistulicum basement. Farther to the west, Precambrian and Ediacaran anchimetamorphic siliclastics can be observed. Cadomian-Precambrian rocks (640-545Ma), which outcrop only near Brno, occur south and west of them. In the western part of the Brunovisitulicum (the Western Sudetes) Variscan orthogneiss occurs. The age of its protholite varies vastly; from approximately 1020 Ma through 680-570 Ma to approximately 520-500 Ma. Precambrian basement of the Brunovistulicum is heterogenic. Within the area of Poland, it is formed by two fragments of the crust, represented by Karelian and Early Karelian rocks of the Rzeszotary horst and Cadomian crystalline and anchimetamorphic rocks occurring west of Rzeszotary. Between them, two vast, connected together magnetic maxima in the vicinity of Tychy and Jordanów can be observed in a magnetic field image ΔZ. The origin of those anomalies is related to the occurrence of gabbro, diabase and/or ultrabasite (ophiolite) rocks. Referring to the earlier concepts, it may be currently assumed that the anomaly axis Tychy-Jordanów determines the course of the contact zone (ophiolite suture zone) between the two fragments of the crust of different ages, building the basement of Brunovistulicum: the Archean - Lower Proterozoic (Karelian) and the Upper Proterozoic (Cadomian) formations.},

note = {23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-61149513465,

title = {Precambrian},

author = { U. Linnemann and R.L. Romer and P. Christian and P. Aleksandrowski and Z. Buła and T. Geisler and V. Kachlik and E. Krzemińska and S. Mazur and G. Motuza and J.B. Murphy and R.D. Nance and S.A. Pisarevsky and B. Schulz and J. Ulrich and J. Wiszniewska and J. Żaba and Z. Armin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-61149513465&doi=10.1144%2fcev1p.2&partnerID=40&md5=805a1a270c8804414686bd6a2728fd1c},

doi = {10.1144/cev1p.2},

issn = {14790963},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Central Europe},

volume = {1},

pages = {21-101},

publisher = {Maney Publishing},

abstract = {The Precambian of Central Europe and adjoining areas belongs to two principal geotectonic domains represented by (1) Baltica that forms a part of the East European Craton (EEC), and (2) peri-Gondwana. Both parts are separated by the Trans-European Suture Zone which is the boundary between the ancient Precambrian lithosphere of the craton and the younger lithosphere beneath the late Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic peri-Gondwanan mobile belts of Central and western Europe. The peri-Gondwanan units of Central Europe are situated SW of the suture and subdivided into Avalonia and Cadomia, separated by the Rheic Ocean suture. The Baltica part of the EEC consists of three major blocks, namely, Fennoscandia, Sarmatia and Volga - Ural which are characterized by different structures and evolution over a period extending from the Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic. Palaeomagnetic data reveal that Fennoscandia and Sarmatia were separate until c. 1.85 Ga, i.e. until the time of their amalgamation into Baltica. It is assumed that Fennoscandia comprises a mosaic of several Archaean blocks surrounded by accreted crust, generally younging westwards, i.e. in the direction of the Trans-European Suture Zone. These younger orogenic belts include the c. 1.95-1.82 Ga Svecofennian Domain, the c. 1.80-1.65 Ga Trans-Scandinavian Igneous Belt, and a series of 1.75-1.55 Ga magmatic arcs that were variably overprinted during the 1.04-0.97 Ga Sveconorwegian Orogeny. A recent tectonic model suggests the presence of Svecofennian terranes extending across the Baltic and into the Black Sea area. AU parts of Baltica in Central Europe and adjoining areas belong to Fennoscandia (southern Sweden; NE Poland; Lithuania; parts of the basement in the Baltic Sea). Avalonia is a microcontinent or terrane derived from the periphery of West Gondwana. The Neoproterozoic basement of Avalonia formed during Avalonian orogenic processes and related tectonomagmatic events (c. 750-540 Ma). Neoproterozoic and Early Palaeozoic sediments of Avalonia contain detrital zircon grains of Mesoproterozoic age, which are assumed to have formed in a juvenile crust between 1.0 and 1.3 Ga. There is evidence that a large part of Avalonia originated at the margin of Amazonia. Avalonia rifted off from the Gondwanan margin in the late Cambrian/early Ordovician. The Rheic Ocean opened as the Tornquist Sea closed due to the collision of Avalonia with Baltica during the late Ordovician and the early Silurian. In the late Silurian, Baltica plus Avalonia collided with Laurentia coincident with the closure of the Iapetus Ocean to form the short-lived continent of Laurussia. During its drift, and following amalgamation with Baltica and Laurentia, Avalonia represented the northern margin of the Rheic Ocean. Avalonia forms the poorly exposed basement of the Rhenohercynian Zone, extending from the Brabant Massif of Belgium to the eastern margin of the Bohemian Massif. The most important parts of East Avalonia are located in southern Britain and Ireland. Other more easterly parts of Avalonia and related terranes, as well as terranes of uncertain origin along the recent SW margin of Baltica, are summarized as Far East Avalonia. In this chapter, we include the Eckergneiss Complex in the Harz Mountains (Rhenohercynian Zone), the Upper Silesian and Malopolska blocks (SE Poland) and the Thaya and Slavkov terranes, including the so-called Metabasite Belt (eastern Bohemia), as parts of Far East Avalonia. Cadomia is a belt of Neoproterozoic rock units formed by Cadomian orogenic processes at an active margin at the periphery of the West African Craton of Gondwana. Rock units of Cadomia show few or no zircon grains with ages in the range 0.75-1.6 Ga and are dominated by detritus from the West African Craton (2.05 Ga and older). A c. 2.0 Ga crust was recycled. Basement slivers of c. 2 Ga rocks such as the Icartian basement occur locally. The Cadomian basement was formed by Cadomian orogenic processes (c. 750-530 Ma). It includes Neoproterozoic volcanosedimentary complexes and intrusions and early Cambrian (c. 540-530 Ma) plutons intruded during a final intense tectonothermal event. Most probably, Cadomia never left the Gondwana mainland and did not drift off like Avalonia. During the assemblage of the Pangaea Supercontinent by Variscan orogenic events, the Rheic Ocean closed as a result of the continent-continent collision between Laurussia and Gondwana in Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous times. The Mid-German Crystalline Zone at the northern rim of the Bohemian Massif is believed to represent the suture of the Rheic Ocean. The suture was formed by oblique collision between the Bohemian (Cadomia; Gondwana) and Rhenish massifs (Avalonia; Laurussia) in Variscan times during the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous. During its origin Neoproterozoic crust became recyled and parts of Cadomia and Avalonia amalgamated. Cadomia includes the Armorican Massif, Pyrénées, French Massif Central, Maures Massif, Corsica, and the largest part of the Bohemian Massif such as the Saxo-Thuringian Zone, the Sudetes, and the Moldanubian Zone. The latter contains the Teplä-Barrandian Unit and the Moldanubicum sensu stricto. The oldest units of the Bohemian Massif are remnants of Palaeo- to Mesoproterozoic cratonic basement slivers such as the Dobra gneiss (1.38 Ga) and the Svetlik gneiss (2.05-2.1 Ga). Parts of the Bohemian Massif are related to Far East Avalonia such as the Brunovistulian Block of the Moravo-Silesian Zone (eastern Bohemia) and the Upper Silesian and Malopolska blocks (SE Poland). It is likely that the peri-Gondwanan basement of the Alps also was a part of Cadomia although the occurrence of Mesoproterozoic zircon points to the possibility of an origin west of the West African Craton.},

note = {34},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0031430747,

title = {Principal characteristics of the Upper Silesian block and Małopolska block border zone (southern Poland)},

author = { Z. Buła and M. Jachowicz-Zdanowska and J. Żaba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031430747&doi=10.1017%2fS0016756897007462&partnerID=40&md5=c0279e6acf3737823f706918fb11d5da},

doi = {10.1017/S0016756897007462},

issn = {00167568},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Geological Magazine},

volume = {134},

number = {5},

pages = {669-677},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {The Upper Silesian and Małopolska blocks are situated near the southwestern boundary of the East European Platform within the Trans-European Suture Zone. The Lower Palaeozoic lithologies of the blocks reveal different stratigraphic and diastrophic development. In the Upper Silesian Block, unmetamorphosed and gently folded Lower Cambrian to Ordovician sedimentary rocks rest on a Cadomian basement. The Lower Cambrian is represented by an older (sub-Holmia) Borzȩta Formation and a younger (Holmia) Goczałkowice Formation. The thickness of the Cambrian lithologies increases from the southwest towards the lateral part of the block. In the Małopolska Block Palaeozoic and Precambrian lithologies are represented by regionally metamorphosed and intensely folded Lower Cambrian-Vendian clastic rocks which are unconformably overlain by Ordovician-Lower Silurian carbonates and Upper Silurian clastic rocks. The crystalline basement of the Małopolska Block has yet to be recognized. The Lower Palaeozoic sediments of both blocks are overlain by Devonian and Carboniferous rocks. The blocks are in direct contact along a narrow tectonic zone, a part of the largely concealed Hamburg-Kraków fault zone, in which tectonic evolution has taken place spasmodically with strike-slip movements predominating.},

note = {118},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}