@article{2-s2.0-79960542165,

title = {Evaluation of the state of mineralogical sciences in Poland. Prz. Geol., 59: 469-473 [Ocena stanu nauk mineralogicznych w Polsce]},

author = { J. Janeczek and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960542165&partnerID=40&md5=7d6eb2b993cc1503a3c7e44d264f3212},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {59},

number = {6},

pages = {469-473},

abstract = {Results of a survey conducted recently by the Mineralogical Sciences Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences among Polish geochemists, mineralogists and penologists revealed a significant increase in a number of research articles published in ISI listed journals since the political and economic transformations in 1989 owing to the unrestricted international collaboration, better funding, unlimited access to worldwide journals and data bases and easier access to modern research equipment. Introduction of the so-called parametric evaluation of the performance of research institutions in Poland further motivates scientists to publish their papers in the most prestigious journals (category I and II on the ISI list). Relatively low impact of those articles measured by their low citation, especially by the low Hirsh index with the exception of a few authors whose papers are widely red, may have resulted from focusing on solving regional problems rather than tackling issues relevant to the whole scientific community. However, recently this trend has been reversed. The major obstacles in a more dynamic progress of Polish mineralogical sciences include limited access to modern equipment (there are only two electron microprobes in Poland available to mineralogists and none of ion microprobe) and unsatisfactory funding of research projects.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79957501031,

title = {Effects of weathering on organic matter: I. Changes in molecular composition of extractable organic compounds caused by paleoweathering of a Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) marine black shale},

author = { L. Marynowski and S. Kurkiewicz and M. Rakociński and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79957501031&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemgeo.2011.04.001&partnerID=40&md5=d3ba79849f23be8abeb9c9180a0b57de},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.04.001},

issn = {00092541},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {285},

number = {1-4},

pages = {144-156},

abstract = {A detailed bulk and molecular study on paleoweathering of a Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) black shale from the Kowala quarry in the Holy Cross Mountains of Poland, revealed significant changes in total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (TS) and extract compositions. Paleoweathering resulted in a 97% decrease in TOC and total loss of sulfur, as well as changes in carbonate contents, extract yields and percentage yields of the organic fractions. Pyrite framboids, which are used extensively in paleoecological studies, decreased considerably in the partially weathered zone and totally vanished in the weathered zone. The decrease in TOC is accompanied by a pronounced reduction of organic compound concentrations, but the degradation range differs in the individual weathering zones. Here we show that less stable compounds such as low molecular weight aromatics (e.g. methylnaphthalenes; dibenzofuran; and dibenzothiophene), isorenieratane and its diagenetic products, or maleimides decrease significantly or disappear already in the partially weathered zone, while the more stable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) decrease (~. 90%) only in the weathered and highly weathered zones. Besides the organic matter (OM) content, the influence of paleoweathering on the distributions of organic compounds is important in the context of paleoenvironment, source and maturity interpretations. Almost all sterane and triterpane biomarker parameters change their values in the highly weathered zone, but some ratios, e.g. the 2-MeH index, are almost totally resistant to change. The aryl isoprenoid ratio (AIR) values decrease gradually with weathering. This modifies completely the potential interpretation of the nature of the photic zone anoxia. In addition to degradation of OM, some PAHs like benzo[. b]fluoranthene increase in concentration in the partially weathered zone due to their formation from phenyl-derivatives. The correct recognition of paleoweathering in outcrop and drill core samples aids in the proper interpretation of biomarker parameters and contributes to a better understanding of the processes which took place during weathering. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {82},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79955581192,

title = {Molecular and petrographic indicators of redox conditions and bacterial communities after the F/F mass extinction (Kowala, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland)},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Rakociński and E. Borcuch and B. Kremer and B.A. Schubert and A.H. Jahren},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955581192&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2011.03.018&partnerID=40&md5=8ed5db8ec45df5f23b02be157d106027},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.018},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {306},

number = {1-2},

pages = {1-14},

abstract = {Pyrite framboid diameter analysis and organic geochemistry of the triangularis/crepida boundary section at Kowala (Holy Cross Mountains; Poland) imply suboxic to oxic and sporadically euxinic bottom waters during the Lower Famennian. In addition, morphological web-like structures typical for microbial mats, as well as the recognition of 2α-methylhopanes and monomethyl-alkane cyanobacteria biomarkers is evidenced of microbial activity after the global Frasnian/Famennian (F/F) extinction event. The presence of cyanobacterial mats also suggests suboxic to oxic environments and at the same time photic bottom water conditions. However, isorenieratane and its derivatives were detected in almost all samples. The presence of this well-known biomarker of green sulfur bacteria implies that euxinic conditions were present in the upper part of the water column at least intermittently or that temporal euxinia occurred in the water column. Presence of euxinic conditions is confirmed by the occurrence of small-sized pyrite framboids which were particularly dominant in the lower part of the section. The shift towards low δ13C values in both micritic limestones and in sedimentary organic matter seen at the beginning of the period of diminished photic zone, might reflect an influx of newly respired CO2 to surface waters, caused by enhanced respiration at depth after the F/F transition in the Checiny-Zbrza basin. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {51},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79952572882,

title = {Origin and paleoecology of Middle Jurassic hiatus concretions from Poland},

author = { M. Zatoń and S. Machocka and M.A. Wilson and L. Marynowski and P.D. Taylor},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79952572882&doi=10.1007%2fs10347-010-0244-y&partnerID=40&md5=db1981e08d18c976cf774bcd2f3442f4},

doi = {10.1007/s10347-010-0244-y},

issn = {01729179},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Facies},

volume = {57},

number = {2},

pages = {275-300},

abstract = {Bored and encrusted carbonate concretions, termed hiatus concretions, coming from the Middle Jurassic (Upper Bajocian and Bathonian) siliciclastics of the Polish Jura, south-central Poland, have been subjected to detailed paleoecological investigation for the first time. The concretions possess variable morphology and bear distinct traces of bioerosion and encrustation as a result of exhumation on the sea floor during intervals of low sedimentation and/or erosion. The borings are dominated by Gastrochaenolites and Entobia. Epilithozoans, represented by at least 26 taxa, are dominated by sabellid/serpulid worm tubes and bryozoans, while sponges and corals are minor. No relationship between the concretion size and the number of encrusters has been found, suggesting that concretion size was not the primary factor controlling diversity. Stable isotope analyses and the presence of crustacean scratch marks and Rhizocorallium traces on many of the hiatus concretions indicate that they formed just below the sediment-water interface, within the sulfate reduction zone. Moreover, crustacean activities may have been a prelude to their origin, as shapes of many concretions closely resemble thalassinoidean burrow systems. It is also possible that crustacean activity around the concretions promoted their exhumation by loosening the surrounding soft sediment. The presence of borings and encrusters on different concretion surfaces, as well as truncated borings and a number of abraded epilithozoans, indicate that after the concretions were exhumed they were repeatedly overturned and moved on the sea floor, probably due to episodic storm-related bottom currents in shallow subtidal environment. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.},

note = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79955744152,

title = {Organic-carbon content as an indicator of Holocene denudation in the Upper Odra River basin [Zawartość wȩgla organicznego w osadach dolinnych jako wskaźnik denudacji holoceńskiej w dorzeczu górnej Odry]},

author = { K.J. Wójcicki and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955744152&doi=10.7163%2fprzg.2011.1.1&partnerID=40&md5=726f505dd2d7e02207e0c70497243665},

doi = {10.7163/przg.2011.1.1},

issn = {00332143},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geograficzny},

volume = {83},

number = {1},

pages = {5-26},

publisher = {Polska Akademia Nauk},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78650613150,

title = {First multi-proxy record of Jurassic wildfires from Gondwana: Evidence from the Middle Jurassic of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina},

author = { L. Marynowski and A.C. Scott and M. Zatoń and H. Parent and A.C. Garrido},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650613150&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2010.10.041&partnerID=40&md5=57d2688738502e0334b9b2714a617eaa},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.041},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {299},

number = {1-2},

pages = {129-136},

abstract = {Wildfires play a crucial role in recent and ancient ecosystem modeling but their detailed history on the Earth is still not well recorded or understood. The co-occurrence of charcoal and pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is used for the recognition of wildfires in geological record that may have implications for the analysis of the terrestrial environment, ecosystems, climate and the level of atmospheric oxygen. Here we present the first multi-proxy evidence of wildfires on the Gondwana continent during the Jurassic, based on the occurrence of charcoal and pyrolytic PAHs in the Middle Jurassic of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina. This is the first evidence of wildfire in the Aalenian, the lowest stage of the Middle Jurassic, and one of the few records of wildfires in the Bathonian. Temperature interpretations, derived from charcoal reflectance data, show that charcoals formed in low temperature surface fires that only sporadically reached the higher temperatures, possibly related to crown fires. The occurrence of charcoals in the Middle Jurassic deposits confirms recent results that the atmospheric oxygen level reached at least 15% during the Middle Jurassic times. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {40},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78650936020,

title = {New constraints on the middle Palaeozoic to Cenozoic burial and thermal history of the Holy Cross Mts. (central Poland): Results from numerical modelling},

author = { M. Narkiewicz and M. Resak and R. Littke and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650936020&doi=10.1344%2f105.000001529&partnerID=40&md5=cd1de631fa06514b448b382ed982904b},

doi = {10.1344/105.000001529},

issn = {16956133},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Geologica Acta},

volume = {8},

number = {2},

pages = {189-205},

abstract = {A 1-D burial-thermal modelling was performed using data from two borehole sections representative of the central part of the Holy Cross Mts. area. This area is located in the axial part of the Permian-Mesozoic Mid-Polish Trough that was inverted during the latest Cretaceous-Paleocene. The modelling involved different variants of restored stratigraphy of eroded Carboniferous to Cretaceous strata, whereas calibration was based on samples from cored Middle-Upper Devonian sediments. The modelling results are consistent with the assumption of a Variscan (Carboniferous-Early Permian) heat flow elevated up to 80 mWm-2, which is further confirmed by independent regional evidence. The zone of increased thermal maturity in the Devonian may be partly accounted for by a thicker Carboniferous section (by ca. 500 m) compared to previous estimates. Two variants of the post-Carboniferous geohistory were analysed. The variant of a thinner Permian-Mesozoic section, implying lower magnitude of the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene inversion, allows more realistic assumptions regarding heat flow distribution through time, including the possibility to incorporate an elevated Variscan heat flow. The alternative scenario, assuming deeper burial, generally lower heat flow and smaller Carboniferous thickness, is regarded as less probable. The accepted variant of the Permian-Mesozoic burial history implies that the total post-Carboniferous burial in the study area was on the order of 2000-2500 metres rather than 3000-3500 metres. The respective Upper Cretaceous thickness could have been 400 to 500 m instead of ca. 1000 m, whereas the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene inversion more likely started in the Santonian than in the late Maastrichtian. Consequently, the preferred magnitude of total inversion was on the order of 2500 m.},

note = {26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-78049295128,

title = {Anoxic Annulata Events in the Late Famennian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Southern Poland): Geochemical and palaeontological record},

author = { M. Racka and L. Marynowski and P. Filipiak and M. Sobstel and A. Pisarzowska and D.P.G. Bond},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78049295128&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2010.08.028&partnerID=40&md5=fcb3ad45aef12de86a4c3e38b78d86f7},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.08.028},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {297},

number = {3-4},

pages = {549-575},

abstract = {The Upper Famennian Annulata Black Shales are exposed in the deep-shelf successions of the famous Kowala Quarry and the Ściegnia outcrop in the Holy Cross Mountains, Southern Poland. At Kowala, the twin Annulata anoxic events are manifest as two organic-rich (TOC up to 23. wt.%), finely laminated, fossiliferous black shales, each up to 0.6. m thick, separated by marl and massive or nodular limestone layers. The bituminous interval is condensed in the Ściegnia outcrop to a single 10. cm thick horizon. In both sections, the ABS levels date to the upper part of the Upper Palmatolepis trachytera conodont Zone, corresponding to the Diducites versabilis-. Grandispora famenensis miospore Zone. The Annulata Events are marked by a flourishing pelagic biota (the opportunistic bivalve Guerichia venusta; platyclymenids; the goniatite Erfoudites; entomozoacean ostracods; and prasinophyte algae). The initial phase of anoxia saw a bloom of specialized conodont fauna, mostly deep-water outer-shelf palmatolepids such as Palmatolepis glabra lepta, before the second anoxic pulse caused a significant crisis amongst this community. Isorenieratane and gammacerane biomarkers indicate the development of photic zone anoxia during both phases. Degree of Pyritisation (DOP) values (estimated from the TOC-TS-Fe diagram) and the uranium-thorium proxies, as well as trace metals enrichments suggest that bottom-water conditions became dysoxic during deposition of the Lower ABS, while the more distinctly transgressive Upper ABS records anoxic/euxinic deposition during the later Event. When combined with the framboid data, however, unstable anoxia punctuated by short-term oxygenation events are assumed especially for the initial ABS phase, a crucial factor for effective nutrient recirculation from bottom waters to the photic zone and consequent phytoplankton blooming. This organic-rich level is easily identified amongst the background Upper Famennian rhythmic limestone-shaly succession, which was deposited under dysoxic to oxic conditions, with episodic anoxia developing only in the water column. Other well-known Late Devonian anoxic/high productivity episodes, recorded in the Dasberg, Kowala and Hangenberg black shales, also might partly to follow interglacial deepening pulses. These deepenings episodically reversed the overall regressive trend that resulted from a stepwise long-term climate change towards the end-Devonian Gondwanan glaciation. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {63},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77954863016,

title = {Organic matter from the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) deposits of Lithuania: Compositions, sources and depositional environments},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Zatoń},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954863016&doi=10.1016%2fj.apgeochem.2010.04.002&partnerID=40&md5=39416a9ca723cd370bae76c82413951a},

doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.04.002},

issn = {08832927},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Applied Geochemistry},

volume = {25},

number = {7},

pages = {933-946},

abstract = {This study presents the first organic geochemical and petrographical investigation of the Callovian deposits of the eastern part of the Central European Basin. It is shown that in both the terrigenous Papilė Formation (Lower Callovian) and shallow- to deeper-marine facies of the Papartinė and Skinija formations (Middle and Upper Callovian; respectively), terrestrial organic matter predominates. This is reflected by the carbon preference index values higher than 1.2 for all samples and in some cases higher than 2, as well as the occurrence of characteristic higher plant biomarkers like cadalene, dehydroabietane, simonellite and retene. Moreover, in the case of the Papilė Formation, sugiol - a natural product terpenoid produced by distinct conifer families, has been detected in clay sediments. The occurrence of such a biomolecule in the Middle Jurassic clays is reported for the first time. Its occurrence is probably connected with the presence of small wood debris in the clay sediments. In samples of the Papilė Formation, charcoal fragments co-occurring with unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected, indicating that wildfires took place during the Early Callovian of Lithuania and/or neighbouring areas. In the Middle and Upper marine Callovian sediments of Lithuania there is no evidence of anoxic conditions occurring in the water column. However, periodic anoxic or strongly dysoxic episodes may have occurred, most probably below the photic zone, during the deepest phase of the Late Callovian transgression, as is evidenced from pyrite framboid diameter distribution and general impoverishment of benthic fauna. Huminite reflectance (Rr) values for the investigated area are in the range of 0.21-0.31%, suggesting the occurrence of immature organic matter. Such values indicate that these investigated deposits were close to the surface during their whole diagenetic history, and the thickness of younger cover did not exceed ca. 500m. This is also supported by a biomarker analysis in which less thermally stable ββ-hopanes and hopenes significantly dominated. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77953613406,

title = {Geochemical and palynological study of the Upper Famennian Dasberg event horizon from the Holy Cross Mountains (central Poland)},

author = { L. Marynowski and P. Filipiak and M. Zatoń},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953613406&doi=10.1017%2fS0016756809990835&partnerID=40&md5=1fffb5b9dca7cc6fa747993a87431b7b},

doi = {10.1017/S0016756809990835},

issn = {00167568},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Geological Magazine},

volume = {147},

number = {4},

pages = {527-550},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {Integrated palynological, organic and inorganic geochemical and petrographical methods have been used for deciphering the depositional redox conditions and character of organic matter of the Famennian Dasberg event horizon from the deep-shelf Kowala succession of the Holy Cross Mountains. The ages of the investigated samples have been established, using miospore data, as VF (Diducites versabilis-Grandispora famenensis) and LV (Retispora lepidophyta-Apiculiretusispora verrucosa) miospore Zones of the Middle/Upper Famennian. In the standard conodont zonation, this corresponds to the uppermost postera to lowermost praesulcata Zones. The presence of green sulphur bacteria biomarkers and dominance of small-sized framboids together with the presence of large framboids and low values of the U/Th ratio may indicate that during sedimentation of the lower Dasberg shale, intermittent anoxia occurred in the water column, or the anoxic conditions prevailed in the upper part of the water column, while the bottom waters were oxygenated, at least briefly. Deposition of the upper Dasberg shale was characterized by both bottom water and water column anoxia. The lack of acritarcha taxa from these intervals could have been due to anoxia in the photic zone. Moreover, organic content is high in those samples. There is no geochemical evidence for anoxia during sedimentation of the deposits sandwiched between the lower and upper Dasberg shales, or in the deposits which underlie and overlie both Dasberg shale horizons. The two discrete anoxic events are interpreted to be the result of major transgressions and the blooming of primary producers. Above the Dasberg shales, small fragments of charcoal and raised concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are detected. This supports the presence of wildfires during deposition of shales just above the boundary of VF/LV palynological zones. Temperatures calculated from the fusinite reflectance values suggest that the charcoal was formed in low-temperature ground and/or surface fires. The typical marine character of sedimentation combined with the high proportion of charcoals suggests that wildfires were large-scale, and that there was intensive transport of terrestrial material. The main causes of intensive wildfires were a significant rise of O2 in the atmosphere and important progress in the land plant diversity during Late Devonian times. Palynofacies studies suggest that the transgression corresponds to the part IIf of the Late Devonian sea-level curve. © Cambridge University Press 2010.},

note = {46},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-70450215204,

title = {Widespread upper triassic to lower jurassic wildfire records from poland: Evidence from charcoal and pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons},

author = { L. Marynowski and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70450215204&doi=10.2110%2fpalo.2009.p09-044r&partnerID=40&md5=ce2599195563922c92cdcf213177ee2b},

doi = {10.2110/palo.2009.p09-044r},

issn = {08831351},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Palaios},

volume = {24},

number = {12},

pages = {785-798},

abstract = {Laboratory tests indicate that 15 O2, instead of 12, is required for the propagation of a widespread forest fire, a 3 increase from what was previously assumed. The presence of widespread wildfire records in the Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic of Central Europe suggests that the lower limit for O2 during this time was at least 15. Wildfire records are based on the co-occurrence of charcoal fragments and elevated concentrations of pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In all samples charcoal fragments are large to medium-sized and angular, suggesting that they were transported by rivers only short distances after charcoalification. Calculated combustion temperatures vary with stratigraphic position and average 295377 °C, which is characteristic for ground or near-surface wildfires. The most extensive wildfires occurred in the earliest Jurassic and their intensities successively decreased with time. Average concentrations of the sum of pyrolytic PAHs for the lowermost Jurassic Zagaje Formation reached ∼1253 g/g total organic carbon (TOC), whereas for the Upper TriassicLower Jurassic Skloby Formation they did not exceed ∼16 g/g TOC. Charcoal-bearing sequences were also characterized by the presence of phenyl-PAHs (Ph-PAHs) and oxygen-containing aromatic compounds. The dominance of the more stable Ph-PAH isomers in these immature to low-maturity sedimentary rocks supports their pyrolytic origin. The oxygenated PAHs may also be derived from combustion processes. © 2009 SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).},

note = {132},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-68749092895,

title = {Novel aryl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Phenylphenanthrene and phenylanthracene identification, occurrence and distribution in sedimentary rocks},

author = { M.J. Rospondek and L. Marynowski and A. Chachaj and M. Góra},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-68749092895&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2009.06.001&partnerID=40&md5=988bfcf8b3a3a1fa5b121ba0fce577ba},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.06.001},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {40},

number = {9},

pages = {986-1004},

abstract = {Numerous reports have recognised the presence of compounds with molecular weight 254 a.m.u. in aromatic fractions. However, their unequivocal identification has not been achieved due to a lack of reference substances. In geological samples, such m/z 254 compounds could potentially be represented by a number of structural isomers of binaphthyl, phenylphenanthrene, phenylanthracene and indenofluorene with each compound type possessing several positional isomers. In this work, all these m/z 254 compounds, with the exception of the tentatively recognised indenofluorenes, have been unequivocally identified in sedimentary rocks for the first time. Comparison of the mass spectra and the gas chromatography (GC) retention times of synthesised standards with the natural compounds in rocks shows that the major components of aromatic fractions are phenylphenanthrene isomers and, to a lesser extent, binaphthyls and 9-phenylanthracene. The elution sequence expressed as standard retention indices of all these m/z 254 isomers were determined by using high resolution capillary GC with three stationary phases: 5%, 35% and 50% (mole fraction) phenyl substituted methylpolysiloxane on HP-5MS, DB-35MS and DB-17MS columns, respectively. A survey of more than 350 sedimentary rock samples of varying origins and maturity (Rr 0.3-1.4%) reveals that relative abundances of the m/z 254 isomers depend on the maturity of the organic matter. The isomers initially appear at the onset of oil generation (Rr > 0.5%) exclusively in diagenetically/catagenetically oxidised samples containing varying proportions of Types II and III kerogen. Interestingly, all five possible positional phenylphenanthrene isomers (including the most sterically hindered isomer 4-phenylphenanthrene) are present from the beginning of the oil generation window. Such a distribution suggests that low-regioselectivity reactions are likely to be involved in the formation. Interaction, during maturation, of phenyl radicals from primary cracking with aromatic moieties of more resistant terrigenic components of kerogen in an oxidising diagenetic realm is postulated to be responsible for the neoformation of phenylated aromatics in geological samples. Up to the final stages of oil generation, the evolution of the phenyl PAH distributions presumably involve 1,2-phenyl shift reactions and cyclisation, if allowed by the molecular geometry. A near thermodynamically-controlled distribution, with only 3- and 2-phenylphenanthrene and minor 2,2′-binaphthyl remaining, is approached when vitrinite reflectance reaches 1.2% (Rr). The three compounds seem to be persistent beyond the oil window as is suggested by their presence in hydrothermal oil formed at T > 300 °C. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {36},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-63149143198,

title = {Levoglucosan and other cellulose and lignin markers in emissions from burning of Miocene lignites},

author = { D. Fabbri and C. Torri and B.R.T. Simoneit and L. Marynowski and A.I. Rushdi and M.J. Fabiańska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-63149143198&doi=10.1016%2fj.atmosenv.2009.01.030&partnerID=40&md5=3d7b2e2148ea4b4ef02fe936889f4e0c},

doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.030},

issn = {13522310},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Atmospheric Environment},

volume = {43},

number = {14},

pages = {2286-2295},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Levoglucosan (L), mannosan (M), galactosan (G) and other cellulose and lignin markers from burn tests of Miocene lignites of Poland were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to assess their distributions and concentrations in the smoke. Their distributions were compared to those in the pyrolysis products of the lignites. Levoglucosan and other anhydrosaccharides are products from the thermal degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose and are commonly used as tracers for wood smoke in the atmosphere. Here we report emission factors of levoglucosan in smoke particulate matter from burning of lignite varying from 713 to 2154 mg kg-1, which are similar to those from burning of extant plant biomass. Solvent extracts of the lignites revealed trace concentrations of native levoglucosan (0.52-3.7 mg kg-1), while pyrolysis yielded much higher levels (1.6-3.5 × 104 mg kg-1), indicating that essentially all levoglucosan in particulate matter of lignite smoke is derived from cellulose degradation. The results demonstrate that burning of lignites is an additional input of levoglucosan to the atmosphere in regions where brown coal is utilized as a domestic fuel. Interestingly, galactosan, another tracer from biomass burning, is not emitted in lignite smoke and mannosan is emitted at relatively low concentrations, ranging from 7.8 to 70.5 mg kg-1. Thus, we propose L/M and L/(M + G) ratios as discriminators between products from combustion of lignites and extant biomass. In addition, other compounds, such as shonanin, belonging to lignans, and some saccharides, e.g., α- and β-glucose and cellobiose, are reported for the first time in extracts of bulk lignites and of smoke particulate matter from burning these lignites. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {159},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-58949084608,

title = {Redox conditions during sedimentation of the Middle Jurassic (Upper Bajocian-Bathonian) clays of the Polish Jura (south-central Poland)},

author = { M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski and P. Szczepanik and D.P.G. Bond and P.B. Wignall},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58949084608&doi=10.1007%2fs10347-008-0159-z&partnerID=40&md5=9c8cf6a16bf80921337cd2d75125ec29},

doi = {10.1007/s10347-008-0159-z},

issn = {01729179},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Facies},

volume = {55},

number = {1},

pages = {103-114},

abstract = {Depositional redox conditions of the uppermost Bajocian-Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays of the Gnaszyn/Kawodrza area in the Polish Jura have been determined using an integrated geochemical (Th/U and U/Th ratios; degree of pyritisation (DOP); sulphur stable isotopes; biomarker analysis) and petrographic approach (measurements of pyrite framboid diameters; and microfacies analysis). The Th/U and U/Th ratios indicate that oxic conditions prevailed on the sea-floor during this interval, and 34S isotopes suggest open-system conditions. DOP values, however, are rather scattered, and may reflect oxic, dysoxic, or anoxic conditions. We consider that the DOP values result from reducing conditions within the sediment and the chemistry of the pore-waters, rather than true sea-floor redox conditions. Pyrite framboid populations also indicate that dysoxic conditions prevailed within the sediment, beneath an oxygenated water column. Biomarker data did not provide any evidence of water column stratification or anoxia during sedimentation of the Middle Jurassic clays. © Springer-Verlag 2008.},

note = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-54849414620,

title = {Organic geochemistry and palynofacies of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition (Late Devonian) of the Holy Cross Mountains, Southern Poland},

author = { L. Marynowski and P. Filipiak and A. Pisarzowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-54849414620&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2008.04.033&partnerID=40&md5=082203c06887dfd4c2199fc4fe03f662},

doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.04.033},

issn = {00310182},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},

volume = {269},

number = {3-4},

pages = {152-165},

abstract = {Geochemical and palynological investigation of the Lower to Middle Frasnian reef-to-basin succession at the well-known Kowala Quarry (Holy Cross Mountains) demonstrates the variable character of organic matter (OM) deposited in different oxidative-reductive conditions. During sedimentation of the basinal deposits, anoxic conditions in the water column prevailed. In the organic-rich sediments deposited during the Palmatolepis punctata Zone (set D), anoxia occurred in the photic zone, as inferred from the presence of isorenieratane, aryl isoprenoids and gammacerane. In the same kind of deposits, but occurring during the Palmatolepis hassi Zone (set F), anoxia apparently occurred mainly in the deeper parts of the basin and only sporadically reached the photic zone. This interpretation is based on the lack of isorenieratane, traces of aryl isoprenoids and the presence of gammacerane in the investigated samples. The basinal clay-enriched sediments of sets D and F are divided by an organic-poor set E, typical for the carbonate platform (fore-reef) environment characterized by oxic conditions. A palynostratigraphical study of the Frasnian section from the Kowala Quarry allowed recognition of two miospore zones: Geminospora semilucensa-Perotrilites donensis (SD) and Archaeoperisaccus ovalis-Verrucosisporites grumosus (OG). Relatively small quantitative and qualitative changes of the organic particles (miospores; tracheids; prasinophytes and acritarchs) are interpreted primarily in terms of sea-level fluctuations and enhanced productivity. In particular, the appearance of abundant, abnormally large mature leiospheres in set D can be the result of progressive eutrophication, related to environmental changes recorded in the recently detected major positive carbon isotope anomaly. As during the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction interval, this eutrophication could have been stimulated by a rapid increase in primary production and subsequently expanding anoxic conditions, but it is evident only in the early phase of the Middle Frasnian δ13C excursion. The processes of the secondary hydrothermal fluid migration, taking place after the lithification of the sediments, caused partial OM oxidation. The products of these processes are such phenyl derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons as phenylphenanthrenes, terphenyls, phenyldibenzothiophenes and phenyldibenzofurans. Moreover, an oxygen compound rarely described from sedimentary OM, dibenzo-p-dioxin and its methyl- and dimethyl-derivatives, seems to be the additional product of hydrothermal OM oxidation. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-58149526917,

title = {Hypericinoid pigments in millericrinids from the lower Kimmeridgian of the holy cross mountains (Poland)},

author = { K. Wolkenstein and E. Głuchowski and J.H. Gross and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149526917&doi=10.2110%2fpalo.2008.p08-021r&partnerID=40&md5=1eed73c9554f68b2f6f4e4b275d1dc97},

doi = {10.2110/palo.2008.p08-021r},

issn = {08831351},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Palaios},

volume = {23},

number = {11-12},

pages = {773-777},

abstract = {Purple to violet colored millericrinids (Crinoidea) are described from the lower Kimmeridgian of the Małogoszcz quarry, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. By chemical analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, the organic compounds were characterized as a homologous series of hypericinoid pigments ranging from C28 H12O8 (fringelite F) to C36 H28O8. The results indicate that hypericinoid pigments were more widespread in millericrinids than previously known. The presence of new hypericin derivatives in the fossil crinoids with characteristic alkyl side chains shows that Mesozoic hypericinoid pigments were closely related to recent crinoidal pigments. Copyright © 2008, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-50249104354,

title = {Organic geochemical evidences of early-diagenetic oxidation of the terrestrial organic matter during the Triassic arid and semi arid climatic conditions},

author = { L. Marynowski and P. Wyszomirski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-50249104354&doi=10.1016%2fj.apgeochem.2008.05.011&partnerID=40&md5=adb2a69b3898ac8cc783ac565cb827cb},

doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.05.011},

issn = {08832927},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Applied Geochemistry},

volume = {23},

number = {9},

pages = {2612-2618},

abstract = {The molecular character of organic matter (OM) present in Triassic clays of the Upper Silesia Basin and NW border of the Holy Cross Mountains was determined using GC-MS analysis. Oxidation processes were the major cause of the main changes of extractable OM molecular composition during sedimentation and early diagenesis of the Triassic clays. They resulted in a very significant decrease in the OM content of the clays and transformation of n-alkanes, triterpanes and steranes. Despite the changes in biomarker composition resulting from the disappearance of unsaturated and ββ hopanes and dominance of αβ and βα hopanes as well as preponderance of αββ over ααα steranes, the aromatic ketones were identified. Such PACs as benzophenone, fluorenone, cyclopenta(def)phenanthrenone, antracenone and benzanthrone were among the compounds identified in the red clays. These commonly originate during oxidation of sedimentary organic matter. Moreover, the aromatic fraction is characterized by the presence of phenyl derivatives (phenylnaphthalenes; terphenyls; phenyldibenzofurans and phenylphenanthrenes) that are also products of the abiotic oxidation of organic matter. Periods of terrestrial sedimentation have been interrupted by long phases of OM weathering and oxidation during arid conditions, and OM might only have survived without significant oxidation changes when the sedimentation was fast and/or long-lasting. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-42149099933,

title = {Levoglucosan and other cellulose markers in pyrolysates of miocene lignites: Geochemical and environmental implications},

author = { D. Fabbri and L. Marynowski and M.J. Fabiańska and M. Zatoń and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-42149099933&doi=10.1021%2fes7021472&partnerID=40&md5=72336afc7837804d189a264884ae310b},

doi = {10.1021/es7021472},

issn = {0013936X},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},

volume = {42},

number = {8},

pages = {2957-2963},

abstract = {Using the pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and off-line pyrolysis/silylation methods for lignites from three Miocene brown coal basins of Poland resulted in the characterization of many organic compounds, including dominant cellulose degradation products such as levoglucosan, 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucofuranose, and 1,4:3,6-dianhydroglucopyranose. Levoglucosan is a general source-specific tracer for wood smoke in the atmosphere and recent sediments. The presence of unusually high levels of this compound in brown coal pyrolysates suggests that a portion of this compound concentration in some airsheds may originate from lignite combustion. On the other hand, nonglucose anhydrosaccharides, in particular, mannosan and galactosan, typical of hemicellulose, are not detected in those lignite pyrolysates investigated. This indicates that mannosan and galactosan are better specific tracers for combustion of contemporary biomass in those regions were the utilization of brown coals containing fossilized cellulose is important. © 2008 American Chemical Society.},

note = {57},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-41649097994,

title = {Pyrite framboids as paleoenvironmental indicators [Framboidy pirytowe jako wskaźniki paleośrodowiska]},

author = { M. Zatoń and M. Rakociński and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-41649097994&partnerID=40&md5=47625c50880d700eb2d569ee446dbb5b},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {56},

number = {2},

pages = {158-164},

abstract = {The problem of application of pyrite framboids in reconstructions of the redox conditions is presented. The characteristics of pyrite framboids, their origin and principles of application in paleoenvironmental interpretations are given. The pyrite framboid diameter distribution as indicators of redox conditions was presented on the examples of the Middle Jurassic (Upper Bajocian-Lower Bathonian) ore-bearing clays of the Polish Jura, and Upper Devonian (Middle and Upper Famennian) dark grey and black shales from Kowala (Holy Cross Mountains). It has been shown, that during the sedimentation of the ore-bearing clays, the pyrite framboids formed in the sediment, below the oxic water column; however, some episodic oscillation around the dysoxic conditions cannot be entirely excluded. During the sedimentation of the Middle Famennian dark grey shales, the redox conditions at the sea-floor oscillated around dysoxia. In both examples, the framboids are characterized by wide range of their diameters and the presence of large, > 10 μm, framboids. On the contrary, the Upper Famennian black shales, representing the Hangenberg event, were deposited below the euxinic conditions in the water column. It is indicated by a high frequency of small-size framboids, far below 6 μm in diameter, and the lack of the large ones. The overlying shales, on the other hand, show the transition to more oxic conditions. The redox conditions interpreted above are in agreement with the independent biomarker analyses and paleontological observations.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84962394021,

title = {Comparison of phenyldibenzothiophene distributions predicted from molecular modelling with relevant experimental and geological data},

author = { M.J. Rospondek and M. Szczerba and K. Malek and M. Góra and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962394021&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2008.06.012&partnerID=40&md5=4b3d05dfd3a818565ef86524432fa2d6},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.06.012},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {39},

number = {12},

pages = {1800-1815},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Evaluation of the relative thermodynamic stabilities of phenyldibenzothiophenes, by means of molecular modelling, has led to the prediction of their equilibrium mixture composition. The calculated equilibrium composition shifts towards that obtained in a laboratory maturation experiment and encountered in mature geological samples (mean vitrinite reflectance Rr ≳ 1.2%). Close inspection of a suite of samples, having in common hydrothermal oxidation of organic matter, but varying in maturity, suggests that phenyldibenzothiophenes can isomerise and also cyclise to triphenyleno[1;12-bcd]thiophene. Both reactions are thermodynamically possible as a result of the relative decrease in enthalpy along the reaction paths and the resulting competition for the precursor 1-phenyldibenzothiophene. Changes in the phenyldibenzothiophene positional isomer distributions from kinetically to thermodynamically controlled mixtures are likely to be achieved with an acid catalysed 1,2-phenyl shift, as suggested from our maturation experiment. To validate this hypothesis, ab initio quantum chemical calculations (DFT) were performed, leading to the localisation of potential transition states as well as the determination of activation energies in gas phase and aqueous solution. The isomerisation barriers are significantly lowered by acid catalysis. They are in the range from ΔE(aq) 20.5 to 28.7 kcal/mol, consistent with the early beginning of the isomerisation observed for our samples. With increasing maturity, 1-PhDBT decays rapidly. At very advanced maturity stages the process is often accompanied by the appearance of triphenyleno[1;12-bcd]thiophene, suggesting its simultaneous formation by cyclisation/oxidation. The oxidation is most likely associated in nature via thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The modelling of such a reaction with thiosulfates yielded an energy barrier ΔE(aq) of ca. 64.7 kcal/mol, only when the initial step involved protonation. This energy seems relevant to very advanced stages of diagenesis/catagenesis. The modelled barrier can be lowered by 2-3 kcal/mol at significantly elevated fluid temperatures as a result of changes in the physical properties of water. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {19},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-42549158470,

title = {Early diagenetic conditions during formation of the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) carbonate concretions from Łuków (eastern Poland): Evidence from organic geochemistry, pyrite framboid diameters and petrographic study},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Zatoń and Ł. Karwowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-42549158470&doi=10.1127%2f0077-7749%2f2008%2f0247-0191&partnerID=40&md5=f83a9bf15a6c9aa77e58d7d061c00e64},

doi = {10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0247-0191},

issn = {00777749},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Abhandlungen},

volume = {247},

number = {2},

pages = {191-208},

publisher = {Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung},

abstract = {The Callovian (Middle Jurassic) fossiliferous carbonate concretions from the clay-pit at Luków, eastern Poland, have been analysed using organic geochemistry, petrography and pyrite framboid size distribution in order to retrieve information about early diagenetic conditions during clay sedimentation. Additionally, a fossil wood sample was also analysed. The carbonate concretions are formed almost entirely by fine-grained, pure calcite. Other main minerals occurring in the concretions are quartz, feldspars and bright mica with features of muscovite. The clay fraction obtained from the concretions are mainly composed of quartz, but also contains pyrite, muscovite, mid-order kaolinite and chlorite with an admixture of a mix-layered structure. Small admixtures of siderite, ankerite, rutile and feldspars were also detected. The most plausible source of the terrigenous phases occurring in the concretions investigated is the Fennoscandian Shield, where sodic magmatic and metamorphic rocks are common. In the fossil wood, the main mineral phase is calcite, which fills the wood-cells. Fluoroapatite also occurs, but is generally confined to the margins of the cells. The other phase detected is pyrite, which may also fill the cell interiors and replace the cell walls. The Callovian organic matter (OM) from Łuków is immature. The vitrinite reflectance (Rr) of the analysed concretion samples ranges from 0.45 to 0.54 %, and is higher than from the fossil wood (Rr = 0.33 %). Moreover, the concretion samples contain hopanoids with biological configurations, such as ββ-hopanes and hop-17(21)-enes and characterized by low values of ββ/(αβ + βα)-hopane and 31S/(S+R) homohopane biomarker parameters. The occurrence of acyclic ketones with odd over even carbon number predominance in the concretions studied, suggests intensive microbial degradation of OM. The pyrite framboid size distribution does not indicate euxinic or anoxic conditions in the water column and the sea-floor. Although small-sized framboids (< 5 μm), which may form during euxinic conditions in the water column, occur in all samples investigated, the mean sizes of framboids in all samples are well above 6 μm and large framboids (up to 29 μm) are also present. Their size distribution points to the lower dysoxic conditions at most, because during such conditions the mean values of framboid sizes begins to increase and larger framboids (> 10 μm) are present. The oxic to suboxic depositional conditions during OM sedimentation are also confirmed by low concentrations or absence of C33-C35 homohopanes, moderate Pr/Ph values and no organic compounds characteristic of anoxia and water column stratification. ©2008 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-42549118064,

title = {Systematic relationships of the Mesozoic wood genus Xenoxylon: An integrative biomolecular and palaeobotanical approach},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Philippe and M. Zatoń and Y. Hautevelle},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-42549118064&doi=10.1127%2f0077-7749%2f2008%2f0247-0177&partnerID=40&md5=817766b65fc9d3144c4571b968a0f3c6},

doi = {10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0247-0177},

issn = {00777749},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Abhandlungen},

volume = {247},

number = {2},

pages = {177-189},

publisher = {Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung},

abstract = {Xenoxylon Gothan is one of the very few components of Mesozoic terrestrial biota which give clear palaeoecological signal. Unfortunately its systematic relationships are still unknown. This work analyzes the organic geochemistry of particularly well preserved samples of Xenoxylon from the Callovian of Łuków (eastern Poland) for comparison with the Bathonian of Gnaszyn (south-central Poland). The wood fragments from both Łuków and Gnaszyn contain phenolic abietanes like ferruginol, 6,7-dehydroferruginol, sugiol, hinokiol or 2-ketototarol. The presence of such biomolecules, with simultaneous absence or very small amount of tetracyclic diterpanes such as phyllocladanes, beyerane and/or kauranes, is characteristic for extant conifer families Cupressaceae s. 1. and Podocarpaceae. Thus, the molecular composition of the wood genus Xenoxylon suggests systematic relationships with these extant families. This study presents the evidence that preserved biomarkers and biomolecules are not exceptional in fossil wood, and that their composition generally supports the anatomical data. ©2008 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.},

note = {30},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-38349057738,

title = {Reduced, transitional and oxidised zones distribution in the Kupferschiefer in fore-sudetic monocline based on indices of organic matter [Rozmieszczenie strefy redukcyjnej, przejściowej i utlenionej w łupku miedzionośnym na monoklinie przedsudeckiej na podstawie wskaźników materii organicznej]},

author = { D. Więcław and M.J. Kotarba and J. Pieczonka and A. Piestrzyński and S. Oszczepalski and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-38349057738&partnerID=40&md5=4f2d5f34f8a3946530ef9cefa483b8f5},

issn = {08676143},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego},

number = {423},

pages = {125-138},

abstract = {A new method of identifying reduced, transitional and oxidised zones in Kupferschiefer strata is based on the geochemical analyses of organic matter from 566 Kupferschiefer samples collected in the KGHM PM SA mining area and its immediate neighbourhood. The S2/S3 (HI/OI) ratio, total organic carbon (TOC) and oxygen index (OI) from Rock-Eval pyrolytic analysis were used as classification parameters. The aromatic hydrocarbon distribution indices Phen/MePhen and TrPI were used as additional criteria. In the reduced zone, most abundant in organic matter, the Cu, Ag, Pb, Zn and Co contents show a strong proportional dependence on TOC, obtaining their maximum concentrations. The contents of noble metals (Au+Pt+Pd) remain on the level of geochemical background. The beds of the newly determined transitional zone have varying organic matter parameters. They have the comparable Cu, Ag and Co contents, increased noble metal content and lowered concentrations of undesired elements (<0.1 wt. %), i.e. Pb and Zn. In the oxidised zone, the organic matter content is minimal, just as in the case of most of other metals (Cu; Ag; Pb; Zn and Mo). The noble metals content in this zone is 2 to 3 orders higher than in the reduced zone.},

note = {3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-35448935598,

title = {Compositions, sources and depositional environments of organic matter from the Middle Jurassic clays of Poland},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Zatoń and B.R.T. Simoneit and A. Otto and M.O. Jędrysek and C. Grelowski and S. Kurkiewicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35448935598&doi=10.1016%2fj.apgeochem.2007.06.015&partnerID=40&md5=8a92b1c7c813fb040bf67f87162ec2b0},

doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.06.015},

issn = {08832927},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Applied Geochemistry},

volume = {22},

number = {11},

pages = {2456-2485},

abstract = {The comprehensive biomarker characteristics from previously undescribed Middle Jurassic clays of Poland are presented. The molecular composition of the organic matter (OM) derived from clays of Aalenian to Callovian age has not changed significantly through time. High relative concentrations of many biomarkers typical for terrestrial material suggest a distinct dominance of OM derived from land plants. Increasing concentrations of C29-diaster-13(17)-enes towards the northern part of the basin indicate an increase in terrestrial input. This terrestrial material would have originated from the enhanced transport of organic matter from land situated at the northern bank of the basin, i.e., the Fennoscandian Shield. The organic matter was deposited in an oxic to suboxic environment, as indicated by relatively low concentrations of C33-C35 homohopanes, moderate to high Pr/Ph ratio values, an absence of compounds characteristic for anoxia and water column stratification, such as isorenieratane, aryl isoprenoids and gammacerane, as well as common benthic fauna and burrows. δ18O measurements from calcitic rostra of belemnites suggest that the mean value of the Middle Jurassic sea-water temperature of the Polish Basin was 13.1 °C. It is suggested that this mirrored the temperature of the lower water column because belemnites are considered here to be necto-benthic. The organic matter from the Middle Jurassic basin of Poland is immature. This is clearly indicated by a large concentration of biomarkers with the biogenic configurations, such as ββ-hopanes, hop-13(18)-enes, hop-17(21)-enes, diasterenes and sterenes. The identification of preserved, unaltered biomolecules like ferruginol, 6,7-dehydroferruginol and sugiol in Protopodocarpoxylon wood samples from these sediments present particularly strong evidence for the presence of immature OM in the Middle Jurassic sediments. Moreover, the occurrence of these polar diterpenoids is important due to the fact that they are definitely the oldest known natural products detected in geological samples. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {71},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-35148837677,

title = {Novel arylated polyaromatic thiophenes: Phenylnaphtho[b]thiophenes and naphthylbenzo[b]thiophenes as markers of organic matter diagenesis buffered by oxidising solutions},

author = { M.J. Rospondek and L. Marynowski and M. Góra},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-35148837677&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2007.05.008&partnerID=40&md5=72b0087cd622f31b0f77b2122c89a48f},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.05.008},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {38},

number = {10},

pages = {1729-1756},

abstract = {Three naphtho[b]thiophenes (asymmetric dibenzothiophene isomers) are minor components relative to the prevailing dibenzothiophene constituents of aromatic fractions of diagenetically oxidised marine sedimentary rocks. Interestingly, the rocks containing naphtho[b]thiophenes often also contain their arylated derivatives, phenylnaphtho[b]thiophenes, as major components relative to phenyldibenzothiophenes. Both these series are accompanied by other structural isomers, i.e., naphthylbenzo[b]thiophenes. To our knowledge, phenylnaphtho[b]thiophenes and their naphthylbenzo[b]thiophene isomers have not been reported in geological samples and are unambiguously identified here using synthetic standards. The distribution of arylated thiophenic polycyclic aromatic compounds strongly depends on maturity. At low maturity, where kinetically controlled distribution of the arylated thiophenes is expected, the greatest number of isomers is observed, suggesting that low regioselectivity reactions are involved in their formation. At the beginning of the oil window, small amounts of unstable 3-phenylnaphtho[b]thiophenes, together with three 2-phenylnaphtho[b]thiophenes, naphthylbenzo[b]thiophenes, with major 2-(2-naphthyl)benzo[b]thiophene, and all four possible phenyldibenzothiophenes, with abundant kinetically favoured 1- and 4-substituted isomers, are present. Experimental free radical phenylation of dibenzothiophene yielded a phenyldibenzothiophene isomeric distribution very similar to that observed in natural samples, but different from that resulting from ionic phenylation. Since these arylated polycyclic aromatic thiophenes occur exclusively in samples in which sedimentary pyrite was hydrothermally transformed to hematite/goethite as a result of rock interaction with oxidising brines, such solutions, usually rich in benzene, can be considered as a potential source of phenyl species. At more advanced stages of maturity, 3-phenylnaphtho[2;1-b]thiophenes are transformed to 2-phenylnaphtho[2;1-b]thiophenes, as revealed by artificial maturation experiments. In turn, severe heating of 2-phenylnaphtho[2;1-b]thiophene leads to its complete disappearance and the formation of dibenzothiophene and phenyldibenzothiophenes. Under the same conditions, only phenyldibenzothiophenes isomerise, presumably by a 1,2-phenyl shift, and 1-phenyldibenzothiophene also cyclises to triphenyleno[1;12-bcd]thiophene. The thermodynamically controlled distribution of phenyldibenzothiophenes, dominated by 3- and 2-substituted isomers, is reached at about 1.2% Rr (vitrinite reflectance). The distribution is similar to that encountered in hydrothermal petroleum generated above 300 °C in the rift system of the Guayamas Basin. Such a distribution can be experimentally obtained via prolonged heating a mixture of all possible phenyldibenzothiophene isomers at 330 °C in the presence of an acidic clay catalyst. The ratio between the sum of all phenyldibenzothiophenes and 2-phenylnaphtho[b]thiophene plus 2-(2-naphthyl)benzo[b]thiophene changes regularly with advancing maturity, suggesting a potential application of these newly identified compounds for maturity assessment. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {36},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34547123817,

title = {Organic geochemical study and genetic correlation of natural gas, oil and Menilite source rocks in the area between San and Stryi rivers (Polish and Ukrainian Carpathians)},

author = { M.J. Kotarba and D. Więcław and Y.V. Koltun and L. Marynowski and J. Kuśmierek and I.V. Dudok},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34547123817&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2007.03.012&partnerID=40&md5=91c7c3661edf7e208fb1bcce11899dd9},

doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.03.012},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {38},

number = {8},

pages = {1431-1456},

abstract = {We studied the source rocks and petroleum accumulations in the Carpathian Mountains of the Polish-Ukrainian border area, between the San and Stryi rivers. A total of 108 Oligocene Menilite Formation rock samples, 12 oil and 15 gas samples accumulated in the Oligocene reservoirs, and one oil and gas sample from an Upper Cretaceous reservoir were analysed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the petroleum potential of the Menilite Formation in this area and to evaluate potential genetic correlations between source rock and petroleum. The Menilite Formation represents a prolific source rock with TOC content ranging from 2 to 7 wt%, locally exceeding 20 wt%. Algal type II and mixed type II/III kerogens dominate but sometimes type III kerogen and, rarely, type I kerogen occur. Thermal maturity of the Oligocene Menilite Formation increases from outer to inner tectonic units, from the immature in the Boryslav-Pokuttya and Skole units to the overmature in the southern parts of Silesian and Dukla units. As a consequence, petroleum potential decreases in the same order. Geochemical analyses reveal that oil and gas generation and migration processes within the Carpathian flysch succession are complicated. All analysed oils were generated from the Menilite Formation during early and peak stages of the "oil window". Associated gas is of low-temperature thermogenic origin, sometimes containing an admixture of microbial gas. High-temperature thermogenic gas occurs only in the Polish part of the Silesian Unit. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {57},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34347359734,

title = {Nest-like accumulations of faunal remains in the Middle Jurassic ore-bearing clays of the Kraków-Czestochowa Upland and their palaeobiological implications [Gniazdowe akumulacje szczatków fauny w środkowojurajskich iłach rudonośnych Wyżyny Krakowsko-Czestochowskiej - Wnioski paleobiologiczne]},

author = { M. Zatoń and M.A. Salamon and L. Marynowski and R. Zatoń},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34347359734&partnerID=40&md5=e028a3fb7a051cb09236b24ebf21477c},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {55},

number = {5},

pages = {424-429},

abstract = {Distinct faunal accumulations in the uppermost Bajocian/lowermost Bathonian, lowermost and Middle Bathonian of the Polish Jura (south-central Poland) have been detected. The fossils are densely packed in the centre of the accumulations and more or less dispersed in their margins. The accumulations vary in size, but all are rich in various groups of organisms, of which the molluscs (mainly bivalves) and echinoderms predominate. The echinoderms are all disarticulated, and shelly fauna occur as angular fragments with sharp edges, of random sizes and without any signs of abrasion. The different sizes of the fossil remains, from tiny echinoderm ossicles or juvenile shelly fauna to medium-sized shell fragments or belemnite rostra, exclude any transportation and thus sorting. Worth of noting is the occurrence of similar faunal groups in each accumulation. The general shape and composition of the accumulations, as well as their taphonomical features, especially the angularity of shell fragments, point to durophagous (shell-crushing) predation rather than physical processes. The various organisms may indicate that the potential predator (most probably fish) fed on various invertebrates. The indigestible particles were later regurgitated forming the accumulations discussed. The presence of various epibionts on the fossil fragments indicate, that they rested upon the sea-floor for some time-span after they had been regurgitated. Then the scavengers, as well as current action or water movements, have been responsible for dispersion of some of the fossils, as is well-visible at the margins of the investigated accumulations.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33847104164,

title = {Biomolecules preserved in ca. 168 million year old fossil conifer wood},

author = { L. Marynowski and A. Otto and M. Zatoń and M. Philippe and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33847104164&doi=10.1007%2fs00114-006-0179-x&partnerID=40&md5=4486f1315d2164060c5881916d6ff634},

doi = {10.1007/s00114-006-0179-x},

issn = {00281042},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Naturwissenschaften},

volume = {94},

number = {3},

pages = {228-236},

abstract = {Biomarkers are widely known to occur in the fossil record, but the unaltered biomolecules are rarely reported from sediments older than Paleogene. Polar terpenoids, the natural products most resistant to degradation processes, were reported mainly from the Tertiary conifers, and the oldest known are Cretaceous in age. In this paper, we report the occurrence of relatively high concentrations of ferruginol derivatives and other polar diterpenoids, as well as their diagenetic products, in a conifer wood Protopodocarpoxylon from the Middle Jurassic of Poland. Thus, the natural product terpenoids reported in this paper are definitely the oldest polar biomolecules detected in geological samples. The extracted phenolic abietanes like ferruginol and its derivatives (6;7-dehydroferruginol; sugiol; 11;14-dioxopisiferic acid) are produced only by distinct conifer families (Cupressaceae s. l.; Podocarpaceae and Araucariaceae), to which Protopodocarpoxylon could belong based on anatomical characteristics. Therefore, the natural product terpenoids are of great advantage in systematics of fossil plant remains older than Paleogene and lacking suitable anatomical preservation. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.},

note = {52},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34347253866,

title = {Middle Famennian (Late Devonian) interval with pyritized fauna from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland): Organic geochemistry and pyrite framboid diameter study},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Rakociński and M. Zatoń},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34347253866&doi=10.2343%2fgeochemj.41.187&partnerID=40&md5=8a5951e8f07fc2c546e92820f31a0ce8},

doi = {10.2343/geochemj.41.187},

issn = {00167002},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Geochemical Journal},

volume = {41},

number = {3},

pages = {187-200},

publisher = {The Physiological Society of Japan},

abstract = {The pyrite framboid diameter and the extractable organic matter from the Middle Famennian rhythmic succession of limestones, nodular limestones and marly shales with pyritized fauna (KPG horizon) from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) were analyzed in order to constrain the water column structure during their deposition. In all samples investigated, small framboids (<5 μm) that may have formed in the water column occur but the majority of the framboids have larger diameters, characteristic for their formation within the sediments, below an oxic or dysoxic water column. This suggests that during deposition of the KPG horizon, the depositional environment was highly dysoxic, but not anoxic. Low concentration of the aryl isoprenoids and isorenieratane, and very high values of the AIR parameter point to the episodic photic zone euxinia and later post-depositional, partial degradation of the OM in suboxic conditions. Intermittent, but certainly short-lasting, anoxic conditions on the sea-floor, may also be supported by the lamination of the rock matrix and increased mortality of the juvenile ammonoids. The results of this study indicate that anoxic conditions prevailed in the shallow depths below the water-sediment interface, where pyritization following by dissolution of aragonitic shells of fauna occurred. Copyright © 2007 by The Geochemical Society of Japan.},

note = {28},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34249109953,

title = {Water column euxinia and wildfire evidence during deposition of the Upper Famennian Hangenberg event horizon from the Holy Cross Mountains (central Poland)},

author = { L. Marynowski and P. Filipiak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34249109953&doi=10.1017%2fS0016756807003317&partnerID=40&md5=831e7698430c8b6f8d046b36fb5de04e},

doi = {10.1017/S0016756807003317},

issn = {00167568},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Geological Magazine},

volume = {144},

number = {3},

pages = {569-595},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

abstract = {A palynological study of the uppermost Famennian section from Kowala Quarry (Holy Cross Mountains; central Poland) allowed recognition of two miospore zones: LV (Retispora lepidophyta-Apiculiretusispora verrucosa) and LN (Retispora lepidophyta-Verrucosisporites nitidus). Based on palynology and sedimentology, the black shale within the upper part of the section is identified as equivalent to the Hangenberg Black Shale, which is known globally. This black shale contains compounds characteristic of photic zone euxinia, including isorenieratane and its derivatives. Such compounds are absent in the organic-poor marls and shales occurring below the LN Zone, and are present only as traces in the layers just above the black shale, indicating fluctuations in the oxygen minimum zone during uppermost Famennian sedimentation. Palynofacies show high amounts of amorphous organic matter and prasinophyte concentrations in the black shale, and a subsequent significant decrease of amorphous organic matter concomitant with a rapid increase of terrestrial input (mainly miospores with common tetrads) in the layers above the black shale. This supports the relatively rapid change in the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton caused by fluctuations of the chemocline. The whole succession corresponds to one sea-level rise and fall. The presence of high concentrations of peri-condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and large amounts of small charcoal particles at the Hangenberg event horizon indicate the occurrence of wildfires. Such observations suggest that atmospheric O22 levels had exceeded the critical threshold of 13%, above which wildfires may occur, by latest Famennian time. © 2007 Cambridge University Press.},

note = {109},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33645634171,

title = {Hiatus concretions from the ore-bearing clays of the Cracow-Czestochowa Upland (Polish Jura) [Konkrecje hiatusowe z iłów rudonośnych Wyżyny Krakowsko-Czestochowskiej]},

author = { M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski and G. Bzowska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33645634171&partnerID=40&md5=a597deae97e510d0df1d1b697ff08a43},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {54},

number = {2},

pages = {131-138},

abstract = {Hiatus concretions are early-diagenetic sedimentary bodies, which in their history of formation, underwent exhumation during sedimentation break and/or erosion of sea-floor. Then they were colonized by various encrusters and borers, before they were buried again. Within Middle Jurassic (Bajocian through Bathonian) clays, hiatus concretions occur in four localities in the Cracow-Czestochowa Upland (south and central Poland): Ogrodzieniec, Bugaj, Mokrsko and Krzyworzeka. Preliminary data about their mineralogy, organic geochemistry and palaeoecology is given. Mineralogical analyses showed, that except dominant high Mg-calcite (up to 87.10% of total carbonates), concretions possess minor amounts of such compounds as quartz, clay minerals (kaolinite and illite), pyrite, siderite or Mg-kutnahorite. However high differences are observed between total organic carbon contents of concretions (TOC=0.460%) and surrounded clays (TOC = 2.16%), but their molecular composition is similar. Most of identified biomarkers are of terrestrial origin. In clay lithology, the hiatus concretions are the only sedimentary bodies that clearly mark the sedimentation pauses (hiatuses). In the investigated area, they form more or less continuous horizons. The concretions are calcitic, possessing various encrusting fauna such as bryozoans, oysters and oyster-like bivalves, serpulids, solitary corals and foraminifers. They often post-date the borings, belonging to such ichnogenera as Gastrochaenolites, Trypanites and Entobia. Some of the nodules show distinct transition from firmground (characterized by the presence of Glossifungites ichnocoenosis) to hardground (presence of Trypanites ichnocoenosis), pointing to the fact, that they formed at, or very close to, the sediment-water interface. Some concretions, like those from Bugaj and Mokrsko, are characterized by their high diversity of hard bottom communities. Those concretions are also irregular in shape; others, like those from Ogrodzieniec and Krzyworzeka, possess lower diversity. The concretions from Krzyworzeka are especially dominated by the borers, while the encrusters are sparse and not diverse. Those nodules that are wide and flat tend to be more bored on one surface only, while those that are more roundish, are bored on both sides more evenly. The degree of diversity is probably correlated with physical disturbance, causing the rolling and overturning of the exhumed concretions in the littoral zone. On the other hand, the overall diversity could be lowered due to destructive abrasion either of the shallowest borings, echinoid/gastropod scratch marks and shells of nestling bivalves, as well as more delicate epilithozoans.},

note = {22},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-31544449190,

title = {Origin of organic matter from tectonic zones in the Western Tatra Mountains crystalline basement, Poland: An example of bitumen - Source rock correlation},

author = { L. Marynowski and A. Gawęda and P. Poprawa and M.M. Zywiecki and B. Kępińska and H. Merta},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-31544449190&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpetgeo.2005.08.001&partnerID=40&md5=3d75aba5cae45361a9f1780009cc53d5},

doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2005.08.001},

issn = {02648172},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},

volume = {23},

number = {2},

pages = {261-279},

abstract = {Solid bitumens of unknown origin, found in brittle tectonic shear zones cutting the crystalline basement of the Western Tatra Mts, show uniform geochemical characteristics that suggest a uniform source for the original hydrocarbons. On the basis of GC-MS data, a similarity between these solid bitumens and organic matter dispersed in the Mesozoic source rocks of Podhale Trough and sedimentary cover of the northern Tatra Mts is observed. The organic matter in the Mesozoic source rocks shows a higher maturation level than that in the solid bitumens. The molecular composition of the organic matter in both the solid bitumens and the basement rocks is significantly different from that in the Paleogene sedimentary rocks infilling the Podhale Trough. These immature to early mature Paleogene sedimentary rocks contain organic compounds typical of terrestrial plants, both conifers (simonellite and retene) and angiosperms (lupane; oleanane and taraxastene), which are absent in the solid bitumens and in the Mesozoic source rocks. Water-CO2 fluid inclusions in quartz sealing the shear zones have marine-like salinity, a dominance of CaCl2 and Mg2+ depletion, suggesting genetic affinity to dolomitised carbonate rocks such as potential Middle Triassic source rocks. The low maturity of the solid bitumen in the shear zones relative to its Mesozoic source can be explained by continued maturation of the Mesozoic source rocks after expulsion and migration into the shear zones. The results of hydrocarbon-generation modeling indicate that oil expulsion from the Mesozoic source rocks, its migration through the shear zones, and the subsequent maturation of the Mesozoic source rocks all occurred within a short Oligocene time interval. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-70349260156,

title = {THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC MATTER FROM THE TRIASSIC CLAYS OF NW MARGIN OF THE HOLY CROSS MTS (POLAND) – PRELIMINARY REPORT},

author = { L. Marynowski and P. Wyszomirski and S. Kurkiewicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349260156&doi=10.2478%2fv10002-007-0003-z&partnerID=40&md5=c91be6b70980f256c18e2cbc28a7b68f},

doi = {10.2478/v10002-007-0003-z},

issn = {18998291},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Mineralogia},

volume = {37},

number = {2},

pages = {113-122},

abstract = {The molecular character of organic matter in Triassic clays on the NW border of the Holy Cross Mts was determined in apolar, aromatic and polar fractions of extractable organic matter (OM) using GC-MS analysis. The contribution of terrestrial higher plants to the kerogene is revealed by the dominant presence of odd long-chain n-alkanes and by the occurrence of retene. Benzophenone, fluorenone, cyclopenta(def)phenanthrenone, antracenone and benzanthrone were among the compounds identified in polar fractions of the soluble organic matter. These commonly originate during strong oxidation of sedimentary organic matter. The aromatic fraction is characterised by the presence of phenyl derivatives (PhPAC) such as phenylnaphthalenes, terphenyls, phenyldibenzofurans and phenylphenanthrenes that are also products of the abiotic oxidation of organic matter. The oxidation processes that occurred during sedimentation and during early diagenesis resulted in a very significant decrease in the organic matter content in the clays. This decrease considerably influences their technological properties. © 2006, Versita. All rights reserved.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33747730248,

title = {Sagenopteris (Caytoniales) with its possible preserved biomarkers from the Bathonian of the Polish Jura, south-central Poland},

author = { M. Zatoń and M. Barbacka and L. Marynowski and J. Krzystanek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33747730248&doi=10.1127%2fnjgpm%2f2006%2f2006%2f385&partnerID=40&md5=c746a5bbf94c93bc2af491cc7dd894b5},

doi = {10.1127/njgpm/2006/2006/385},

issn = {00283630},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Monatshefte},

number = {7},

pages = {385-402},

publisher = {E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung},

abstract = {Sagenopteris PRESL, a genus of Mesozoic seed ferns (Pterido-spermophyta) belonging to the Caytoniales, has been noted for the first time in the Bathonian ore-bearing Czȩstochowa Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic; south-central Poland). This discovery consists of two leaflets assigned to Sagenopteris cf. nils-soniana (BRONGNIART) WARD, preserved in carbonate concretions from the Lower and Middle Bathonian units (Tenuiplicatus and Morrisi zones) of the clay sequence. Conifer wood fragments are the only additional plant macrofossils in the investigated deposits. Organic geochemical analyses of Middle Bathonian specimen, as well as bulk clay samples indicate that fernenes are preserved in sedimentary organic matter. However, in hosted clays fernenes which are genetically related to pteridosperms, constitute a distinct minority in relation to the common biomarkers characteristic for conifers. Apart from palaeontological information, biomarker analysis is additional confirmation that Polish palaeofloristic assemblages of the Bathonian coastal environments were dominated by conifer plants, while the pteridosperms, including Sagenopteris, grew below their canopy. © 2006 E. Schwelzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-33745027362,

title = {Ammonite fauna from uppermost Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) calcitic concretions from the Polish Jura-biogeographical and taphonomical implications},

author = { M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33745027362&doi=10.1016%2fj.geobios.2005.02.001&partnerID=40&md5=ead25faf50f781c1f5bd6da7689923e7},

doi = {10.1016/j.geobios.2005.02.001},

issn = {00166995},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Geobios},

volume = {39},

number = {3},

pages = {426-442},

publisher = {Elsevier Masson SAS},

abstract = {Uppermost Bajocian (Parkinsoni Zone; Bomfordi Subzone) calcitic concretions from the epicratonic basin in South-Central Poland (Polish Jura) contain numerous, well-preserved ammonites unique for this area. Characteristic of the assemblages is the presence of small, juvenile specimens. Associated with dominant parkinsoniids (Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia) aff. dorni Arkell) are lytoceratids [Nannolytoceras tripartitum (Raspail)], lissoceratids [(Lissoceras (Lissoceras) oolithicum (d'Orbigny) and Lissoceras (Microlissoceras) solitarium Zatoń and Marynowski nov. sp.)], leptosphinctids (Vermisphinctes sp.) and strigoceratids [(Strigoceras (Strigoceras) sp. juv. gr. strigifer/pseudostrigifer)], as well as fragments of phylloceratids (Phylloceras sp.). Parkinsoniids (the most numerous) are considered here as host fauna. Other ammonites, especially phylloceratids and nannolytoceratids, are supposed migrants from the Mediterranean area into the shallow epicratonic Polish Basin during the Late Bajocian sea-level rise. N. tripartitum, which has a broad geographical range probably drifted as a plankton-feeder in the upper water column and, together with phylloceratids, are considered to be unsuccessful immigrants which did not adapt to the new environment. It seems that the whole fauna, inclusive of plant remains, was accumulated by bottom currents in randomly situated depressions on the sea-floor, where carcasses became ideal nucleation sites for concretion genesis. Early diagenesis, which played an important role, resulted in well-preserved ammonite assemblages close to the original biological assemblage. Most of described ammonites (nannolytoceratids; lissoceratids; strigoceratids and leptosphinctids) are reported from the Upper Bajocian epicratonic deposits of Poland for the first time. This makes the concretions a true "taphonomic window" into latest Bajocian census biocenosis. The organic geochemistry results suggest predominance of terrestrial organic matter in both concretions and surrounding clays, with well oxygenated conditions in the sedimentary basin. The large concentrations of Δ13(17)diasterenes in the analysed carbonate concretions indicates that these compounds must have been formed by contact with clay minerals before formation of the carbonate concretions. The processes described may have followed early stage of diagenesis, but certainly under tens of cm to even a few meters of burial. The high negative δC13 values in the inner zone of the concretions suggest that concretion growth began in the sulphate reduction zone and may have continued in the methanogenesis zone. © 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.},

note = {37},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-11344251576,

title = {Konzentrat-lagerstätte-type carbonate concretions from the uppermost Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of the Czȩstochowa area, South-Cental Poland},

author = { M. Zatoń and L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-11344251576&partnerID=40&md5=d63f07258ceda7bb2c2d3186b70f730b},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {48},

number = {4},

pages = {339-350},

abstract = {Early-diagenetic calcitic concretions of latest Bajocian (parkinsoni Zone; bomfordi Subzone) age in the Polish Jura contain an extremely rich and well-preserved macrofauna. In addition to bivalves and brachiopods, there are numerous ammonites of the (sub)genera Parkinsonia, Nannolytoceras, Lissoceras (Lissoceras), L. (Microlissoceras), as well as rare representatives of Vermisphinctes, Strigoceras (Strigoceras) and Phylloceras. Carapaces of primitive prosopid crabs are found associated. Such a diverse and well-preserved fauna (previously unknown from Bajocian epicratonic deposits of the Polish Jura), is typical of Konzentrat-Lagerstätte-type deposits. The random distribution of the concretions in exposure and the small size of the fauna may suggest that all remains were concentrated by bottom-current action in small depressions on an uneven sea-floor. The presence of numerous small-sized ammonites may be regarded as reflecting post-spawning assemblages which suffered mass-mortality. Although cause of their death remains unclear, storm events are a possibility. Such depressions acted as natural "traps" as well as constituted a size-limiting factor for the accumulating fauna. The fact that all elements are well preserved indicates briefpost-mortem transport and rapid burial, followed by early diagenesis that protected them from compaction. The absence of such fossil-rich concretions higher in the Middle Jurassic sequence clearly shows that our current assessment of biotic diversity may be an underestimate. The carbonate concretions contain a predominantly terrestrial type of organic matter (OM). Samples analysed are extremely immature, but early diagenetic transformations of OM occurred prior to concretion formation.},

note = {43},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-3142761676,

title = {Composition and source of polycyclic aromatic compounds in deposited dust from selected sites around the Upper Silesia, Poland},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Pięta and J. Janeczek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3142761676&partnerID=40&md5=862a79e424ea4d55a79edadf201e6f98},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {48},

number = {2},

pages = {169-180},

abstract = {About 300 polycyclic aromatic compounds were identified using the GC-MS method in deposited dust collected in sites located outside the industrial belt of the Upper Silesia agglomeration. Concentrations of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) range from 6.8 μg/g dust for anthracene to 142 μg/g dust for fluoranthene. Concentrations of highly carcinogenic PAH e.g. benzo(a)pyrene, benzofluoranthenes and benzo(a)anthracene range from 49 to 145.5 μg/g of dust. Significant concentrations (up to 35 μg/g of dust) of carcinogenic C22H14 PAHs (m/z 278) and C24H14 PAHs (m/z 302) were determined in all samples. Aromatic ketones and quinones as well as aromatic nitrogen and sulphur compounds with concentrations ranging from 2 to 45 μg/g of dust, were found in the polar NSO fraction. Molecular composition of hydrocarbons in the deposited dust is characteristic of the terrestrial organic matter, as suggested by the presence of long chain n-alkanes with odd carbon skeleton predominance, However, relatively high concentrations of steranes and distribution of homohopanes different from terrestrial organic matter suggest that part of extractable organic matter may be from diesel engine exhausts and/or paved road dust. The origin ofthe organic compounds adsorbed on the deposited dust is related to not complete coal combustion and possibly to other sources, such as automobile exhaust. The occurrence of phenyl-polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polyphenyls such as terphenyls, phenylnaphthalenes and their methyl derivatives, phenylphenanthrenes, phenylfluoranthenes and/or phenylpyrenes results from the free radical phenylation of aromatics during organic matter combustion.},

note = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0141572330,

title = {Migrabitumens - The link between the Podhale Trough and the crystalline basement of the Western Tatra Mts},

author = { A. Gawęda and L. Marynowski and B. Kępińska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0141572330&partnerID=40&md5=86cef48217c7578266d79a45712623d4},

issn = {0138015X},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Series M: Miscellanea},

volume = {28},

number = {363},

pages = {119-122},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0036070069,

title = {Phenyldibenzofurans and phenyldibenzothiophenes in marine sedimentary rocks and hydrothermal petroleum},

author = { L. Marynowski and M.J. Rospondek and R. Meyer Zu Reckendorf and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036070069&doi=10.1016%2fS0146-6380%2802%2900040-2&partnerID=40&md5=d959cb34404b47d58fd087e4eade8274},

doi = {10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00040-2},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {33},

number = {7},

pages = {701-714},

abstract = {The phenyl derivatives of dibenzo[b,d]furan and dibenzo[b,d]thiophene, so far not reported in geological samples, have now been identified in some sedimentary rocks, bitumen and hydrothermal petroleum through a comparison of their retention times and mass spectra with those of authentic standards. All four possible positional isomers were detected for each phenyldibenzo[b,d]furan (PhDBF) and phenydibenzo[b,d]thiophene (PhDBT). Their elution sequence is 1-, 4-, 2- and 3-phenyldibenzo[b,d]furan and 1-, 4-, 2- and 3-phenyldibenzo[b,d]thiophene on apolar stationary phases. In contrast to phenyldibenzofurans, the distributions of the thiophene series is controlled mainly by the organic matter maturity. In the most mature samples 4-, 2- and 3-PhDBTs prevail over I-PhDBT, while less mature samples contain mainly 4-PhDBT or 1-PhDBT and 2-, 3-PhDBTs occur at comparable concentrations. However, in samples of low maturity, in addition to the phenyldibenzo[b,d]thiophene C18H12S series, other structural isomers of C18H12S possessing very similar mass spectra were detected. These are likely to be either naphthylbenzo[b]thiophenes and/or phenylnaphtho[b]thiophenes. PhDBFs and PhDBTs are likely to be intermediate products in the formation of more condensed heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic compounds like triphenyleno[1,12-bcd]thiophene and triphenyleno[1,12-bcd]furan, and benzobisbenzofurans and benzobisbenzothiophenes, which are commonly detected in geological samples. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},

note = {52},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-2142752489,

title = {Thermal maturity and depositional environments of organic matter in the post-Variscan succession of the Holy Cross Mountains},

author = { L. Marynowski and M.A. Salamon and M. Narkiewicz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2142752489&partnerID=40&md5=babc668c638deccb6f3bbd58968602c4},

issn = {16417291},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Geological Quarterly},

volume = {46},

number = {1},

pages = {25-36},

publisher = {Polish Geological Institute},

abstract = {The results of GC-MS investigations of biomarkers in organic matter from the epicontinental Permian and Triassic strata of the Holy Cross Mts. indicate generally suboxic (Permian) and oxic (Triassic, except for the Middle Muschelkalk) depositional environments with accompanying intensive bacterial reworking of organic remains. The biomarker spectra found in the Middle Muschelkalk and in the Entolium discites Beds (Upper Muschelkalk) show the presence of gammacerane, an increased concentration of C34 homohopanes and a Pr/Ph ratio not exceeding 1. All these observations suggest a hypersaline sedimentary environment with water column stratification and poorly oxygenated conditions. Thermal maturity investigations were based on both vitrinite reflectance and biomarker indices. The organic matter in the Triassic succession is slightly more mature along the northern margin of the Holy Cross Mts. than along their southern part, due probably to a regional increase in the maximum burial depth during the Mesozoic. The maturity of the Permian strata at Gałęzice (southern Holy Cross Mts.) is similar to that of the Triassic rocks whereas Kajetanów (in the north) is characterised by values significantly higher and comparable to those found in wells further north. The difference cannot be accounted for solely by differential burial depths, and implies the existence of a positive thermal anomaly active before the Middle Triassic. Our investigations generally confirmed the low thermal maturity of the Triassic. However, contrary to earlier interpretations, we suggest that the maximum burial depths based on a reconstructed thickness of the post-Triassic deposits may account for the observed maturity levels, assuming that geothermal gradients in the Mesozoic were similar to today's.},

note = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0035144917,

title = {Phenylnaphthalenes and polyphenyls in Palaeozoic source rocks of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland},

author = { L. Marynowski and F. Czechowski and B.R.T. Simoneit},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035144917&doi=10.1016%2fS0146-6380%2800%2900150-9&partnerID=40&md5=a609ba65cc60c67ac2196f63cd0d588e},

doi = {10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00150-9},

issn = {01466380},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Organic Geochemistry},

volume = {32},

number = {1},

pages = {69-85},

abstract = {Source rocks from a marine depositional setting from Palaeozoic formations in the Holy Cross Mountains region (Midlands, Poland) were analysed for aromatics using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The occurrence of two novel series of aromatic hydrocarbons in these sediments, namely phenyl derivatives of fused ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PhPAH) and polyphenyls (PPh), was established. Furthermore, the methyl derivatives of these compounds were also present. The chromatographic behaviour of the triaromatic members of the series, i.e. two isomers of phenylnaphthalene (1-PhN and 2-PhN) and three isomers of terphenyl (o-TrP, m-TrP and p-TrP) was evaluated using authentic standards. The isomeric composition of the phenylnaphthalenes (PhNs) and terphenyls (TrPs) was found to depend on thermal maturity. In the lower maturity samples abundances of 1-PhN and o-TrP are higher. Increase in sample maturity is indicated by an increase in the relative abundance of 2-PhN as well as m-TrP and p-TrP. Three thermal maturity parameters of the organic matter based on the relative abundances of the PhN and TrP isomers are proposed: PhNR = 2-PhN/1PhN},

note = {56},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0035036136,

title = {Hydrocarbons migration in tectonic zones of the western Tatra Mountains Crystalline basement (Central Western Carpathians)},

author = { L. Marynowski and A. Gawęda and S. Cebulak and M.O. Jędrysek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035036136&partnerID=40&md5=ce40ee85e8b192368e68591610ab6a5f},

issn = {13350552},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Geologica Carpathica},

volume = {52},

number = {1},

pages = {3-14},

abstract = {In the Western Tatra Mountains crystalline basement a bituminous matter was found in tectonic zones (faults, shatter zones). The tectonic zones run NE-SW cutting both the Variscan crystalline basement and its sedimentary Mesozoic cover. Oxyreactive Thermal Analyses of whole rock samples and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analyses of extractable organic matter revealed that the bitumens in question are heavy fractions of crude oils. The source rocks of the bitumens were marine shales and lacustrine sediments, relatively poor in organic material, accumulated in suboxic shelf conditions. The thermal maturity of the bitumens was determined as the oil-window stage (RCS = 0.74-0.82 %). The terrestrial organic matter admixture was negligibly small, so we can suggest the age of the source material may be older than Tertiary (by comparison with the other Carpathian oils). The comparison with the Outer Carpathian crude oils showed that the Western Tatra bitumens resemble Jurassic oils more than Paleogene ones. Jurassic and Upper Triassic carbonates and black shales from the overthrust Tatricum sequences seem to be a more plausible source rocks for the investigated bitumens. The tectonic zones, rejuvenated after or during Miocene uplift of the Tatra Block served as the paths for bitumens migration.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0034481293,

title = {Biomakers as environmental indicators in a carbonate complex, example from the Middle to Upper Devonian, Holy Cross mountains, Poland},

author = { L. Marynowski and M. Narkiewicz and C. Grelowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034481293&doi=10.1016%2fS0037-0738%2800%2900157-3&partnerID=40&md5=f57105630a999377453b156e4122dd9f},

doi = {10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00157-3},

issn = {00370738},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Sedimentary Geology},

volume = {137},

number = {3-4},

pages = {187-212},

abstract = {Autochthonous biomarker distributions were studied in an array of different subfacies of a Devonian carbonate complex (represented in platform, reef and off-platform shelf-basinal systems). It revealed that biomarkers are sensitive indicators of depositional environments and may serve to refine palaeoenvironmental interpretations of carbonate complexes based on "classical" sedimentological/facies analyses. The contrasting biomarker composition of the carbonate platform and reef complex versus shelf-basin deposits is here interpreted as the effect of both more diverse biotic sources of a primary organic matter in the former environments (highly scattered results of sterane distribution) and contrasting styles of decay and bacterial reworking of the primary biomass. Peritidal dolostones deposited under anoxic to suboxic conditions, and with scarce sedimentological evidence of elevated salinity, reveal the highest potential of organic matter preservation among other platform/reefal facies. Their biomarker composition includes several compounds indicating hypersaline conditions and anoxia whereas others, in particular gammacerane, indicate that the water-column was stratified during sedimentation. This observation constrains environmental interpretation of these deposits, pointing to shallow-subtidal lagoons with elevated salinity and low-oxygen near-bottom waters most probably originating from a salinity-controlled stratification of the water-column. Biomarkers diagnostic of green sulphur bacteria were found in both peritidal/lagoonal dolostones and shelf-basinal facies. This indicates the existence of photic zone anoxia in the latter environment, thus suggesting a shallow position of the redoxcline. The Frasnian/Famennian mass extinction event(s) apparently had no impact on the biomarker distribution in the shelf-basinal system continuous across the stage boundary. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},

note = {87},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0033498296,

title = {Thermal maturity of organic matter in Devonian rocks of the Holy Cross Mts (Central Poland) [Stopien przeobrazenia termicznego materii organicznej w skalach dewonu Gor Swietokrzyskich]},

author = { L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033498296&partnerID=40&md5=dfe2b967e04d153f793b0bfd45ea5f70},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {47},

number = {12},

pages = {1125-1129},

abstract = {The paper summarizes results of six-year research on the level of thermal transformation of organic matter for 40 sections (including 3 boreholes) from Devonian rocks of the Holy Cross Mts. Vitrinite reflectance R0(%) and biomarker analysis based on a gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method have been used to interpretation of maturity level for considered region. The methyldibenzothiophene ratio (MDR) has been converted to the theoretical value of vitrinite reflectance R(cs)(%) (according to Radke and Willsch, 1994) and set it against R0(%). Current level of maturity shaped two major factors: burial effect and Variscan high heat flow prabable associated with Holy Cross Disslocation. A new concept of kerogen maturity from Devonian rocks of the Holy Cross Mts which is different from that proposed by Belka (1990) have been interpreted on the basis of greater number of results for Lysogory Region and eastern part of Kielce Region.},

note = {23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0033382212,

title = {Terphenyls - a novel group of biomarkers from Palaeozoic deposits of the Holy Cross Mountains (Central Poland) [Terfenyle - nowa grupa biomarkerow wystepujaca w osadach paleozoiku Gor Swietokrzyskich]},

author = { L. Marynowski and F. Czechowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033382212&partnerID=40&md5=53afee8479e92f841b49bc7c908d727e},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {47},

number = {1},

pages = {87-92},

abstract = {Novel series of aromatic hydrocarbons i.e. three isomers of terphenyl, apparently geochemical products, were identified by GC-MS analysis (m/z 230) of extracts from Palaeozoic source rocks of the Holy Cross Mountains (Central Poland), using authentic standards. All samples from the region contained ortho-, meta-, and para-terphenyl. Further new series appended to be composed of phenylnaphthalenes and phenylphenanthrenes and their methyl derivatives. Common geochemical process on the formation of these compounds via radical addition of phenyl to the respective PAH is proposed. The relative abundance of ortho- isomer decrease with increasing maturity of the sediments. Two thermal maturity parameters of the kerogen based on terphenyl isometric composition are proposed: TrP1 = p-TrP/o-TrP, and TrP2 = (m-TrP + p-TrP)/o-TrP. Their values positively correlate with the other biomarkers maturity parameters like Ts/Tm and MDR.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-0006304980,

title = {Stopień dojrzałości materii organicznej ze skał we+ (Combining ogonek sign)glanowych dewonu gór świe+ (Combining ogonek sign)tokrzyskich},

author = { L. Marynowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0006304980&partnerID=40&md5=46f29089a181f0dade7c8b10d8c652b5},

issn = {00332151},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Przeglad Geologiczny},

volume = {45},

number = {9},

pages = {899-903},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}