2021
Falarz, M.; Bednorz, E.
Snow Cover Change Book Chapter
In: pp. 375-390, Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021, ISSN: 23520698, (3).
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title = {Snow Cover Change},
author = { M. Falarz and E. Bednorz},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107326106&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-030-70328-8_14&partnerID=40&md5=c674a539c1111828c9f8ba94af3783f8},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-70328-8_14},
issn = {23520698},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Springer Climate},
pages = {375-390},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
abstract = {The chapter analyses snow cover data for 60 weather stations in Poland: 52 series for the period 1950/51–2017/18 (68 winter seasons) and eight longer series of 80 to 104 winter seasons. Two basic characteristics of snow cover were examined: snow cover duration and seasonal maximum depth of snow cover. The coefficient of variability and absolute and relative trends per 10 years were investigated. The most important results of the study are as follows: (1) year-to-year variability of snow cover duration and its seasonal maximum depth is the largest in regions of poorest snow cover; (2) the number of days with snow cover during the 68 winter seasons has a negative time trend throughout Poland (with a minimum of −4 to −5 days for 10 years in north-eastern Poland); this tendency is statistically significant in most area of Poland except for the highlands and some parts of the mountainous areas; (3) the relative changes in the number of days with snow cover are the most significant in regions with a short duration of snow cover (western Poland; −8 to −10% per 10 years); (4) the maximum depth of snow cover throughout the considered period revealed a negative trend in most area of Poland, statistically significant in the highlands and mountainous areas (−2 to −6%/10y); only in north-eastern Poland is the trend positive, statistically insignificant, (5) in longer periods (80–104 winter seasons), the snow cover duration and maximum snow cover depth are characterised by a slight negative or near zero time trend at most weather stations; (6) in the winter seasons 1969/70 and 1995/96 the longest snow cover duration in most areas of Poland was recorded, while in the 1939/40 and 1962/63 seasons, the maximum depth of the snow cover was the highest. The trend values of snow cover duration in Poland are comparable to similar values averaged over the Northern Hemisphere, where the duration of the snow season has declined by 5 days per 10 years since the winter of 1972/1973. On the other hand, the negative trend of maximum snow cover depth is not as significant in Poland as the European average, which is −11.4% per decade. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
note = {3},
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The chapter analyses snow cover data for 60 weather stations in Poland: 52 series for the period 1950/51–2017/18 (68 winter seasons) and eight longer series of 80 to 104 winter seasons. Two basic characteristics of snow cover were examined: snow cover duration and seasonal maximum depth of snow cover. The coefficient of variability and absolute and relative trends per 10 years were investigated. The most important results of the study are as follows: (1) year-to-year variability of snow cover duration and its seasonal maximum depth is the largest in regions of poorest snow cover; (2) the number of days with snow cover during the 68 winter seasons has a negative time trend throughout Poland (with a minimum of −4 to −5 days for 10 years in north-eastern Poland); this tendency is statistically significant in most area of Poland except for the highlands and some parts of the mountainous areas; (3) the relative changes in the number of days with snow cover are the most significant in regions with a short duration of snow cover (western Poland; −8 to −10% per 10 years); (4) the maximum depth of snow cover throughout the considered period revealed a negative trend in most area of Poland, statistically significant in the highlands and mountainous areas (−2 to −6%/10y); only in north-eastern Poland is the trend positive, statistically insignificant, (5) in longer periods (80–104 winter seasons), the snow cover duration and maximum snow cover depth are characterised by a slight negative or near zero time trend at most weather stations; (6) in the winter seasons 1969/70 and 1995/96 the longest snow cover duration in most areas of Poland was recorded, while in the 1939/40 and 1962/63 seasons, the maximum depth of the snow cover was the highest. The trend values of snow cover duration in Poland are comparable to similar values averaged over the Northern Hemisphere, where the duration of the snow season has declined by 5 days per 10 years since the winter of 1972/1973. On the other hand, the negative trend of maximum snow cover depth is not as significant in Poland as the European average, which is −11.4% per decade. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
2018
Falarz, M.; Nowosad, M.; Bednorz, E.; Rasmus, S.
Review of Polish contribution to snow cover research (1880-2017) Journal Article
In: Quaestiones Geographicae, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 7-22, 2018, ISSN: 0137477X, (3).
@article{2-s2.0-85045068690,
title = {Review of Polish contribution to snow cover research (1880-2017)},
author = { M. Falarz and M. Nowosad and E. Bednorz and S. Rasmus},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045068690&doi=10.2478%2fquageo-2018-0002&partnerID=40&md5=9fac91cc44ca8a7442d4b5232b08842f},
doi = {10.2478/quageo-2018-0002},
issn = {0137477X},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Quaestiones Geographicae},
volume = {37},
number = {1},
pages = {7-22},
publisher = {Adam Mickiewicz University Press},
abstract = {The purpose of this article is to present the development of multifaceted research on snow cover conducted by Polish researchers in various parts of the world since the end of the 19th century up to the modern times. The paper describes Polish studies on physical and chemical properties of snow cover, its long-term changes, relationships between snow cover and climate, impact of snow cover on environmental conditions and human activity. This work is also an attempt to show the contribution of Polish snow-related research to the international achievements in this fields. © 2018 Author(s).},
note = {3},
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pubstate = {published},
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}
The purpose of this article is to present the development of multifaceted research on snow cover conducted by Polish researchers in various parts of the world since the end of the 19th century up to the modern times. The paper describes Polish studies on physical and chemical properties of snow cover, its long-term changes, relationships between snow cover and climate, impact of snow cover on environmental conditions and human activity. This work is also an attempt to show the contribution of Polish snow-related research to the international achievements in this fields. © 2018 Author(s).
2003
Bednorz, E.; Kolendowicz, L.; Bielec-Bąkowska, Z.; Bokwa, A.; Żelazny, M.; Kicińska, B.; Lewik, P.; Nowosad, M.; Ustrnul, Z.
In: Przeglad Geofizyczny, vol. 48, no. 1-2, pp. 11-32, 2003, ISSN: 00332135, (1).
@article{2-s2.0-1642374246,
title = {Regionalisations, typologies and climatic seasons with application of cluster analysis [Regionalizacje, typologie i wyznaczania sezonów klimatycznych z zastosowaniem analizy skupień]},
author = { E. Bednorz and L. Kolendowicz and Z. Bielec-Bąkowska and A. Bokwa and M. Żelazny and B. Kicińska and P. Lewik and M. Nowosad and Z. Ustrnul},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1642374246&partnerID=40&md5=d7695c70987ecdb3d091116f051fca9f},
issn = {00332135},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Przeglad Geofizyczny},
volume = {48},
number = {1-2},
pages = {11-32},
abstract = {In the paper are presented examples of regionalisation, typology and delimiting climatic seasons, completed with chosen cluster analysis methods: K-means, Ward's and Wrocław dendrite. The methods were used to distinguish atmospheric circulation regions on the Northern hemisphere, thunderstorm regions and sulphur dioxide pollution regions in Poland, and snow-cover regions in North-Western Poland. Moreover, atmospheric circulation seasons, skiing seasons and thermal seasons were defined. The methods were also used for typology of thermal structure in the air layer near the ground, and for an attempt to define the relations between physical-chemical features of precipitation and meteorological conditions. The presented examples prove that it is possible to approach the problems of regionalisation and typology in climatology in a new way, namely without a priori assumptions, without imposing at the beginning the elements determining the spatial pattern of a phenomena. Additionally, it is very important that such an analysis requires from the researcher independence, responsibility and lot of criticism while interpreting the results, especially using non-hierarchical methods. Finally, the presented methods allow us to obtain the image of both spatial and temporal differentiation of chosen elements.},
note = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the paper are presented examples of regionalisation, typology and delimiting climatic seasons, completed with chosen cluster analysis methods: K-means, Ward's and Wrocław dendrite. The methods were used to distinguish atmospheric circulation regions on the Northern hemisphere, thunderstorm regions and sulphur dioxide pollution regions in Poland, and snow-cover regions in North-Western Poland. Moreover, atmospheric circulation seasons, skiing seasons and thermal seasons were defined. The methods were also used for typology of thermal structure in the air layer near the ground, and for an attempt to define the relations between physical-chemical features of precipitation and meteorological conditions. The presented examples prove that it is possible to approach the problems of regionalisation and typology in climatology in a new way, namely without a priori assumptions, without imposing at the beginning the elements determining the spatial pattern of a phenomena. Additionally, it is very important that such an analysis requires from the researcher independence, responsibility and lot of criticism while interpreting the results, especially using non-hierarchical methods. Finally, the presented methods allow us to obtain the image of both spatial and temporal differentiation of chosen elements.