2024
Ostróżka, A.; Chajec, Ł.; Wilczek, G.; Student, S.; Kocot, K.; Homa, J.; Rost-Roszkowska, M. M.
Toxic effects of nickel on tolerance and regeneration in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi Journal Article
In: European Zoological Journal, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 180-205, 2024, ISSN: 24750263.
@article{2-s2.0-85184696427,
title = {Toxic effects of nickel on tolerance and regeneration in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi},
author = { A. Ostróżka and Ł. Chajec and G. Wilczek and S. Student and K. Kocot and J. Homa and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184696427&doi=10.1080%2f24750263.2024.2310041&partnerID=40&md5=65d4437a7e8c700b222268bf3d805f30},
doi = {10.1080/24750263.2024.2310041},
issn = {24750263},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {European Zoological Journal},
volume = {91},
number = {1},
pages = {180-205},
publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
abstract = {Heavy metals cause environmental pollution and produce toxic effects on organisms. Nickel (Ni) is a common metallic pollutant of aquatic ecosystems and potentially can produce multifarious changes in the body of aquatic organisms. The average nickel content in rivers is about 0.7 μg/l. As a result, the homeostasis of the affected organism is disturbed, and processes that can counteract the changes are activated. To better understand the effects of Ni in the freshwater environment and its fauna, it is important to establish whether all changes caused in cells and tissues by Ni exposure are reversible when the animal returns to the non-polluted environment. Thus, the main aim of the study was to analyze changes that occur after Ni exposure and after it is returned to non-contaminated water at various levels of the animal’s body. The freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea) was selected as the subject of the study. As the organ for studies, we chose the midgut because it is a barrier against stressors that enter the organism. A concentration of 3.63 mg Ni/l was selected for the experiment, at which approximately 50% mortality of the population was observed after 14 days. The midgut was analyzed using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry for qualitative and quantitative results. When the organisms were transferred to clean water, a prolong exposure resulted in a decrease in the values of the analyzed parameters (e.g. ROS; cell death; etc.) proportional to the purification time. The recovery time was insufficient to return to control values in most analyzed groups. Nevertheless, the occurrence of regenerative changes suggests that freshwater shrimps are relatively tolerant to nickel, when the exposure time is short and the recovery time is long. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Heavy metals cause environmental pollution and produce toxic effects on organisms. Nickel (Ni) is a common metallic pollutant of aquatic ecosystems and potentially can produce multifarious changes in the body of aquatic organisms. The average nickel content in rivers is about 0.7 μg/l. As a result, the homeostasis of the affected organism is disturbed, and processes that can counteract the changes are activated. To better understand the effects of Ni in the freshwater environment and its fauna, it is important to establish whether all changes caused in cells and tissues by Ni exposure are reversible when the animal returns to the non-polluted environment. Thus, the main aim of the study was to analyze changes that occur after Ni exposure and after it is returned to non-contaminated water at various levels of the animal’s body. The freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea) was selected as the subject of the study. As the organ for studies, we chose the midgut because it is a barrier against stressors that enter the organism. A concentration of 3.63 mg Ni/l was selected for the experiment, at which approximately 50% mortality of the population was observed after 14 days. The midgut was analyzed using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry for qualitative and quantitative results. When the organisms were transferred to clean water, a prolong exposure resulted in a decrease in the values of the analyzed parameters (e.g. ROS; cell death; etc.) proportional to the purification time. The recovery time was insufficient to return to control values in most analyzed groups. Nevertheless, the occurrence of regenerative changes suggests that freshwater shrimps are relatively tolerant to nickel, when the exposure time is short and the recovery time is long. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
2023
Wilczek, G.; Rost-Roszkowska, M. M.; Homa, J.; Szulińska, E.; Student, S.; Chajec, Ł.; Wiśniewska, Kl.; Surmiak-Stalmach, K.
In: European Zoological Journal, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 624-642, 2023, ISSN: 24750263.
@article{2-s2.0-85165967465,
title = {How cadmium and copper change the sensitivity of the hemocytes of Steatoda grossa spider on immunostimulation: qualitative and quantitative analysis},
author = { G. Wilczek and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and J. Homa and E. Szulińska and S. Student and Ł. Chajec and Kl. Wiśniewska and K. Surmiak-Stalmach},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85165967465&doi=10.1080%2f24750263.2023.2237989&partnerID=40&md5=d78134cfb2a4a0526661036b6548776b},
doi = {10.1080/24750263.2023.2237989},
issn = {24750263},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {European Zoological Journal},
volume = {90},
number = {2},
pages = {624-642},
publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
abstract = {The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of hemocytes of adult Steatoda grossa females to cadmium and copper administered orally for 4 weeks or 12 months, and to check the metabolic condition of these cells after immunostimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The viability of hemocytes (flow cytometry and luminescence techniques), their ultrastructure (transmission electron microscopy), and the antioxidant activity of hemolymph (superoxide dismutase; catalase; total antioxidant capacity; TAC) were analyzed. The results showed that, compared to copper, cadmium caused severe necrotic changes in hemocytes and impaired oxygen burst reactions and antioxidant responses, regardless of the exposure time. Copper induced degenerative changes only during short-term exposure, but its long-term intoxication did not impair the metabolic processes of hemocytes. Administration of PMA to spiders that were chronically exposed to either of the metals caused an increase in TAC levels in the hemolymph. Although the concentration of ATP in hemocytes was reduced relative to the control, the ADP/ATP ratio did not change, precluding a strong depletion of cellular energy resources. The metabolic condition of hemocytes stabilized with prolonged metal exposure, indicating the activation of defense mechanisms under operating stressors. © 2023 University of Silesia. Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of hemocytes of adult Steatoda grossa females to cadmium and copper administered orally for 4 weeks or 12 months, and to check the metabolic condition of these cells after immunostimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The viability of hemocytes (flow cytometry and luminescence techniques), their ultrastructure (transmission electron microscopy), and the antioxidant activity of hemolymph (superoxide dismutase; catalase; total antioxidant capacity; TAC) were analyzed. The results showed that, compared to copper, cadmium caused severe necrotic changes in hemocytes and impaired oxygen burst reactions and antioxidant responses, regardless of the exposure time. Copper induced degenerative changes only during short-term exposure, but its long-term intoxication did not impair the metabolic processes of hemocytes. Administration of PMA to spiders that were chronically exposed to either of the metals caused an increase in TAC levels in the hemolymph. Although the concentration of ATP in hemocytes was reduced relative to the control, the ADP/ATP ratio did not change, precluding a strong depletion of cellular energy resources. The metabolic condition of hemocytes stabilized with prolonged metal exposure, indicating the activation of defense mechanisms under operating stressors. © 2023 University of Silesia. Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
2022
Wiśniewska, K.; Rost-Roszkowska, M. M.; Homa, J.; Kasperkiewicz, K.; Surmiak-Stalmach, K.; Szulińska, E.; Wilczek, G.
In: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part - C: Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 252, 2022, ISSN: 15320456, (4).
@article{2-s2.0-85120968815,
title = {The effect of selected immunostimulants on hemocytes of the false black widow Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spiders under chronic exposition to cadmium},
author = { K. Wiśniewska and M.M. Rost-Roszkowska and J. Homa and K. Kasperkiewicz and K. Surmiak-Stalmach and E. Szulińska and G. Wilczek},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120968815&doi=10.1016%2fj.cbpc.2021.109221&partnerID=40&md5=a540ad597a3ee7233969b92b35b3305d},
doi = {10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109221},
issn = {15320456},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part - C: Toxicology and Pharmacology},
volume = {252},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
abstract = {The aim of this study was to analyze whether, and to what extent, long–term exposure to cadmium, administered in sublethal concentrations by the oral route, caused changes in the immune potential of hemocytes in adult female Steatoda grossa spiders. We used artificial and natural immunostimulants, namely phorbol 12–myristate 13–acetate (PMA) and bacterial cell suspension based on Gram–positive (G+; Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram–negative (G−; Pseudomonas fluorescens) bacteria, to compare the status of hemocytes in nonstimulated individuals and those subjected to immunostimulation. After cadmium exposure, the percentage of small nongranular hemocytes in response to G+ cell suspension and PMA mitogen was decreased. Furthermore, in the cadmium–intoxicated spiders the percentage of plasmatocytes after immunostimulation remained lower compared to the complementary control group. Exposure to cadmium also induced several degenerative changes, including typical apoptotic and necrotic changes, in the analyzed types of cells. Immunostimulation by PMA mitogen and G+ bacterial suspension resulted in an increase in the number of cisterns in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of granulocytes, in both the control group and cadmium–treated individuals. These changes were accompanied with a low level of metallothioneins in hemolymph. Chronic cadmium exposure may significantly weaken the immune defense system of spiders during infections. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.},
note = {4},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this study was to analyze whether, and to what extent, long–term exposure to cadmium, administered in sublethal concentrations by the oral route, caused changes in the immune potential of hemocytes in adult female Steatoda grossa spiders. We used artificial and natural immunostimulants, namely phorbol 12–myristate 13–acetate (PMA) and bacterial cell suspension based on Gram–positive (G+; Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram–negative (G−; Pseudomonas fluorescens) bacteria, to compare the status of hemocytes in nonstimulated individuals and those subjected to immunostimulation. After cadmium exposure, the percentage of small nongranular hemocytes in response to G+ cell suspension and PMA mitogen was decreased. Furthermore, in the cadmium–intoxicated spiders the percentage of plasmatocytes after immunostimulation remained lower compared to the complementary control group. Exposure to cadmium also induced several degenerative changes, including typical apoptotic and necrotic changes, in the analyzed types of cells. Immunostimulation by PMA mitogen and G+ bacterial suspension resulted in an increase in the number of cisterns in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of granulocytes, in both the control group and cadmium–treated individuals. These changes were accompanied with a low level of metallothioneins in hemolymph. Chronic cadmium exposure may significantly weaken the immune defense system of spiders during infections. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
2016
Homa, J.; Stalmach, M.; Wilczek, G.; Kolaczkowska, E.
Effective activation of antioxidant system by immune-relevant factors reversely correlates with apoptosis of Eisenia andrei coelomocytes Journal Article
In: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology, vol. 186, no. 4, pp. 417-430, 2016, ISSN: 01741578, (16).
@article{2-s2.0-84963657771,
title = {Effective activation of antioxidant system by immune-relevant factors reversely correlates with apoptosis of Eisenia andrei coelomocytes},
author = { J. Homa and M. Stalmach and G. Wilczek and E. Kolaczkowska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963657771&doi=10.1007%2fs00360-016-0973-5&partnerID=40&md5=aaedc30fd35df4b0b617ff13c194fe50},
doi = {10.1007/s00360-016-0973-5},
issn = {01741578},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology},
volume = {186},
number = {4},
pages = {417-430},
publisher = {Springer Verlag},
abstract = {Oxidative stress is harmful to the microbes but also to the host, and may result in bystander damage or death. Because of this, respiratory burst triggered in phagocytes by pathogens is counteracted by production of antioxidative factors. The aim of this work was to examine effectiveness of the latter system in earthworms Eisenia andrei by induction of reactive oxygen species, lipofuscin and phenoloxidase by natural (LPS; zymosan; Micrococus luteus) and synthetic (phorbol ester; PMA) stimulants. The compounds impaired numbers, viability (increased apoptosis) and composition of coelomocytes, and triggered the antioxidant activity of catalase and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase. The natural pathogenic compounds, unlike PMA, strongly activated antioxidative responses that diminished cell apoptosis. Moreover, repeated exposure to the same or different pathogenic compounds did not induce respiratory burst exhausted phenotype showing that coelomocytes are constantly at bay to withstand numerous infections. The current study reveals importance and efficiency of the oxidative–antioxidative systems in annelids but also confirms its evolutionary conservatism and complexity even in lower taxa of the animal kingdom. © 2016, The Author(s).},
note = {16},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Oxidative stress is harmful to the microbes but also to the host, and may result in bystander damage or death. Because of this, respiratory burst triggered in phagocytes by pathogens is counteracted by production of antioxidative factors. The aim of this work was to examine effectiveness of the latter system in earthworms Eisenia andrei by induction of reactive oxygen species, lipofuscin and phenoloxidase by natural (LPS; zymosan; Micrococus luteus) and synthetic (phorbol ester; PMA) stimulants. The compounds impaired numbers, viability (increased apoptosis) and composition of coelomocytes, and triggered the antioxidant activity of catalase and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase. The natural pathogenic compounds, unlike PMA, strongly activated antioxidative responses that diminished cell apoptosis. Moreover, repeated exposure to the same or different pathogenic compounds did not induce respiratory burst exhausted phenotype showing that coelomocytes are constantly at bay to withstand numerous infections. The current study reveals importance and efficiency of the oxidative–antioxidative systems in annelids but also confirms its evolutionary conservatism and complexity even in lower taxa of the animal kingdom. © 2016, The Author(s).
2015
Stalmach, M.; Wilczek, G.; Homa, J.; Szulińska, E.
Antioxidative and immunological responses in the haemolymph of wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae) exposed to starvation and dimethoate Journal Article
In: Environmental Pollution, vol. 206, pp. 551-559, 2015, ISSN: 02697491, (9).
@article{2-s2.0-84939833385,
title = {Antioxidative and immunological responses in the haemolymph of wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae) exposed to starvation and dimethoate},
author = { M. Stalmach and G. Wilczek and J. Homa and E. Szulińska},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939833385&doi=10.1016%2fj.envpol.2015.08.007&partnerID=40&md5=b124d047f71aab14f3d9422888ec39e8},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.007},
issn = {02697491},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
volume = {206},
pages = {551-559},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
abstract = {The aim of this study was to assess the intensity of enzymatic antioxidative parameters [catalase (CAT); glutathione peroxidase (GSTPx); glutathione reductase (GR); total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] and percentage of high granularity cells as well as low to medium granularity cells in haemolymph of wolf spiders Xerolycosa nemoralis exposed to starvation and dimethoate under laboratory conditions. Only in starved males, haemolymph included a lower percentage of high granularity cells, accompanied by high activity of CAT and GSTPx, than in the control. Exposure of males to dimethoate increased CAT activity, after single application, and significantly enhanced GR activity, after five-time application. In females, five-time contact with dimethoate elevated the percentage of high granularity cells. As in comparison to females, male X. nemoralis were more sensitive to the applied stressing factors, it may be concluded that in natural conditions both food deficiency and chemical stress may diminish the immune response of their organisms. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.},
note = {9},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this study was to assess the intensity of enzymatic antioxidative parameters [catalase (CAT); glutathione peroxidase (GSTPx); glutathione reductase (GR); total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] and percentage of high granularity cells as well as low to medium granularity cells in haemolymph of wolf spiders Xerolycosa nemoralis exposed to starvation and dimethoate under laboratory conditions. Only in starved males, haemolymph included a lower percentage of high granularity cells, accompanied by high activity of CAT and GSTPx, than in the control. Exposure of males to dimethoate increased CAT activity, after single application, and significantly enhanced GR activity, after five-time application. In females, five-time contact with dimethoate elevated the percentage of high granularity cells. As in comparison to females, male X. nemoralis were more sensitive to the applied stressing factors, it may be concluded that in natural conditions both food deficiency and chemical stress may diminish the immune response of their organisms. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
2007
Galuskin, E. V.; Janeczek, J.; Kozanecki, M.; Sitarz, M.; Jastrzebski, W.; Wrzalik, R.; Stadnicka, K.
Single-crystal Raman investigation of vesuvianite in the OH region Journal Article
In: Vibrational Spectroscopy, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 36-41, 2007, ISSN: 09242031, (9).
@article{2-s2.0-34047170913,
title = {Single-crystal Raman investigation of vesuvianite in the OH region},
author = { E.V. Galuskin and J. Janeczek and M. Kozanecki and M. Sitarz and W. Jastrzebski and R. Wrzalik and K. Stadnicka},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34047170913&doi=10.1016%2fj.vibspec.2006.06.022&partnerID=40&md5=9d7638ac64d3966df0deb746df1e7e30},
doi = {10.1016/j.vibspec.2006.06.022},
issn = {09242031},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Vibrational Spectroscopy},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
pages = {36-41},
abstract = {Vesuvianite, a ortho-diortho silicate with the simplified formula Ca19(Al; Mg; Fe; Ti; Mn; ...)13(B; Al; Fe; □)5(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4O1-2(OH; F; O; Cl)9 is a model object for IR investigations on the OH region of minerals. Vesuvianite contains two structural types of OH groups. There are four to six bands in its vibration spectra that are explained as due to different coordination effects. In this paper, the results of Raman investigations on the OH region in vesuvianite are given for the first time. Investigations on ferrous vesuvianite in rodingites from the Urals show that analogous modes are active on both FTIR and Raman spectra. Using a sample of super-clear vesuvianite with P4/n symmetry and ordered structure [a = 15.523(1) Å; c = 11.810(1) Å; P4/n; R1 = 0.0343] from Kazakhstan, it is demonstrated that the character and position of OH bands on vibration spectra are connected not only with coordination effects but also with statistically disordered proton sites and with the number and character of hydrogen bonds. The true symmetry of the vesuvianite from Kazakhstan is lower than P4/n as determined on the basis of the X-ray single-crystal diffraction data. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
note = {9},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vesuvianite, a ortho-diortho silicate with the simplified formula Ca19(Al; Mg; Fe; Ti; Mn; ...)13(B; Al; Fe; □)5(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4O1-2(OH; F; O; Cl)9 is a model object for IR investigations on the OH region of minerals. Vesuvianite contains two structural types of OH groups. There are four to six bands in its vibration spectra that are explained as due to different coordination effects. In this paper, the results of Raman investigations on the OH region in vesuvianite are given for the first time. Investigations on ferrous vesuvianite in rodingites from the Urals show that analogous modes are active on both FTIR and Raman spectra. Using a sample of super-clear vesuvianite with P4/n symmetry and ordered structure [a = 15.523(1) Å; c = 11.810(1) Å; P4/n; R1 = 0.0343] from Kazakhstan, it is demonstrated that the character and position of OH bands on vibration spectra are connected not only with coordination effects but also with statistically disordered proton sites and with the number and character of hydrogen bonds. The true symmetry of the vesuvianite from Kazakhstan is lower than P4/n as determined on the basis of the X-ray single-crystal diffraction data. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Galuskin, E. V.; Galuskina, I. O.; Stadnicka, K.; Armbruster, T. M.; Kozanecki, M.
The crystal structure of Si-deficient, OH-substituted, boron-bearing vesuvianite from the Wiluy River, Sakha-Yakutia, Russia Journal Article
In: Canadian Mineralogist, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 239-248, 2007, ISSN: 00084476, (16).
@article{2-s2.0-34249850483,
title = {The crystal structure of Si-deficient, OH-substituted, boron-bearing vesuvianite from the Wiluy River, Sakha-Yakutia, Russia},
author = { E.V. Galuskin and I.O. Galuskina and K. Stadnicka and T.M. Armbruster and M. Kozanecki},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34249850483&doi=10.2113%2fgscanmin.45.2.239&partnerID=40&md5=8b2796bba82b943cd6db0a72c46d7596},
doi = {10.2113/gscanmin.45.2.239},
issn = {00084476},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Canadian Mineralogist},
volume = {45},
number = {2},
pages = {239-248},
abstract = {The crystal structure of a Si-deficient vesuvianite, space group P4/nnc, a 15.678(1), c 11.828(1) Å, from the Wiluy River, Sakha-Yakutia, Russia, has been refined from single-crystal X-ray data to R = 0.037. Electron-microprobe analyses indicate that this vesuvianite has only ca. 16 Si pfu in contrast to regular vesuvianite with 18 Si pfu. Site-occupancy refinement yielded substantial vacancies at orthosilicate sites Z(1): 25% vacancies, Z(2): 16% vacancies. Vacancies at the tetrahedral site are associated with increased Z(1)-0 and Z(2)-O distances, 1.687 and 1.660 Å, respectively. Vacancies and increased Z(1)-O and Z(2)-O bond lengths are consistent with hydrogarnet-type defects, where SiO4 is replaced by H4O4 tetrahedra. The single crystal investigated shows the highest hydrogarnet-type substitution analyzed by structure refinement of vesuvianite. No vacancies were found involving the disilicate groups. Along the e axis, the increased size of Z(1) tetrahedra is balanced by a compression of the adjacent X(3) Ca-bearing dodecahedra. This structural flexibility is the reason why the length of the c axis remains largely independent of the hydrogarnet-type substitution. A corresponding structural flexibility does not exist along the a axis, leading to a systematic increase of a with increasing proportion of vacancies at the Si site. Polarized Raman spectra in the OH-stretching region are interpreted to indicate that hydrogarnet-type defects in vesuvianite lead to a more isotropic polarization of the absorption bands at about 3650 cm-1.},
note = {16},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The crystal structure of a Si-deficient vesuvianite, space group P4/nnc, a 15.678(1), c 11.828(1) Å, from the Wiluy River, Sakha-Yakutia, Russia, has been refined from single-crystal X-ray data to R = 0.037. Electron-microprobe analyses indicate that this vesuvianite has only ca. 16 Si pfu in contrast to regular vesuvianite with 18 Si pfu. Site-occupancy refinement yielded substantial vacancies at orthosilicate sites Z(1): 25% vacancies, Z(2): 16% vacancies. Vacancies at the tetrahedral site are associated with increased Z(1)-0 and Z(2)-O distances, 1.687 and 1.660 Å, respectively. Vacancies and increased Z(1)-O and Z(2)-O bond lengths are consistent with hydrogarnet-type defects, where SiO4 is replaced by H4O4 tetrahedra. The single crystal investigated shows the highest hydrogarnet-type substitution analyzed by structure refinement of vesuvianite. No vacancies were found involving the disilicate groups. Along the e axis, the increased size of Z(1) tetrahedra is balanced by a compression of the adjacent X(3) Ca-bearing dodecahedra. This structural flexibility is the reason why the length of the c axis remains largely independent of the hydrogarnet-type substitution. A corresponding structural flexibility does not exist along the a axis, leading to a systematic increase of a with increasing proportion of vacancies at the Si site. Polarized Raman spectra in the OH-stretching region are interpreted to indicate that hydrogarnet-type defects in vesuvianite lead to a more isotropic polarization of the absorption bands at about 3650 cm-1.
2005
Galuskina, I. O.; Galuskin, E. V.; Dzierzanowski, P.; Armbruster, T. M.; Kozanecki, M.
A natural scandian garnet Journal Article
In: American Mineralogist, vol. 90, no. 10, pp. 1688-1692, 2005, ISSN: 0003004X, (17).
@article{2-s2.0-27644515334,
title = {A natural scandian garnet},
author = { I.O. Galuskina and E.V. Galuskin and P. Dzierzanowski and T.M. Armbruster and M. Kozanecki},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27644515334&doi=10.2138%2fam.2005.1981&partnerID=40&md5=aaf2369cd19512bf3fae320344d1b366},
doi = {10.2138/am.2005.1981},
issn = {0003004X},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {American Mineralogist},
volume = {90},
number = {10},
pages = {1688-1692},
publisher = {Mineralogical Society of America},
abstract = {Garnet from an aposkarn achtarandite-bearing rodingite-like rock in Sakha-Yakutia, Russia, has a Sc content close to 6 wt% Sc2O3 (∼0.45 apfu). The scandian garnet is a relict mineral from a high-temperature, shallow-level melilite skarn. Structural and electron microprobe data for a crystal of the scandian garnet with cell parameter a = 12.331(1) Å, Ia3̄d allows refinement of the structural formula (Ca2.97Mg0.02 Y0.01)∑3(Fe0.6633+ Zr0.584Ti0.2944+Sc0.153 Cr0.152Mg0.094Fe0.042+ Hf0.008V0.003)∑2(Si1.898 Al0.420Ti0.3594+Fe0.323 3+)∑3O12. Investigation of the composition of many of the scandian garnets reveals the existence of a solid-solution between kimzeyite-schorlomite Ca3 (Zr;Ti)2(Al;Fe)2SiO12 and the scandium analog of andradite Ca3Sc2Si3 O12. This is the first report of a natural scandian garnet.},
note = {17},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Garnet from an aposkarn achtarandite-bearing rodingite-like rock in Sakha-Yakutia, Russia, has a Sc content close to 6 wt% Sc2O3 (∼0.45 apfu). The scandian garnet is a relict mineral from a high-temperature, shallow-level melilite skarn. Structural and electron microprobe data for a crystal of the scandian garnet with cell parameter a = 12.331(1) Å, Ia3̄d allows refinement of the structural formula (Ca2.97Mg0.02 Y0.01)∑3(Fe0.6633+ Zr0.584Ti0.2944+Sc0.153 Cr0.152Mg0.094Fe0.042+ Hf0.008V0.003)∑2(Si1.898 Al0.420Ti0.3594+Fe0.323 3+)∑3O12. Investigation of the composition of many of the scandian garnets reveals the existence of a solid-solution between kimzeyite-schorlomite Ca3 (Zr;Ti)2(Al;Fe)2SiO12 and the scandium analog of andradite Ca3Sc2Si3 O12. This is the first report of a natural scandian garnet.