@article{2-s2.0-85183593781,

title = {Do Cuticular Gaps Make It Possible to Study the Composition of the Cell Walls in the Glands of Drosophyllum lusitanicum?},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Stolarczyk and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183593781&doi=10.3390%2fijms25021320&partnerID=40&md5=9506de24cef46e27c09816a6c50d8b6d},

doi = {10.3390/ijms25021320},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {25},

number = {2},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {Carnivorous plants can survive in poor habitats because they have the ability to attract, capture, and digest prey and absorb animal nutrients using modified organs that are equipped with glands. These glands have terminal cells with permeable cuticles. Cuticular discontinuities allow both secretion and endocytosis. In Drosophyllum lusitanicum, these emergences have glandular cells with cuticular discontinuities in the form of cuticular gaps. In this study, we determined whether these specific cuticular discontinuities were permeable enough to antibodies to show the occurrence of the cell wall polymers in the glands. Scanning transmission electron microscopy was used to show the structure of the cuticle. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the localization of the carbohydrate epitopes that are associated with the major cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. We showed that Drosophyllum leaf epidermal cells have a continuous and well-developed cuticle, which helps the plant inhibit water loss and live in a dry environment. The cuticular gaps only partially allow us to study the composition of cell walls in the glands of Drosophyllum. We recoded arabinogalactan proteins, some homogalacturonans, and hemicelluloses. However, antibody penetration was only limited to the cell wall surface. The localization of the wall components in the cell wall ingrowths was missing. The use of enzymatic digestion improves the labeling of hemicelluloses in Drosophyllum glands. © 2024 by the authors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85178236171,

title = {Fungal symbionts impact cyanobacterial biofilm durability and photosynthetic efficiency},

author = { K. Turnau and B.J. Płachno and P. Bień and P. Świątek and P. Dabrowski and H.M. Kalaji},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85178236171&doi=10.1016%2fj.cub.2023.10.056&partnerID=40&md5=62a969ce1dc61a383d2b920272ec4b46},

doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.056},

issn = {09609822},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Current Biology},

volume = {33},

number = {23},

pages = {5257-5262.e3},

publisher = {Cell Press},

abstract = {Cyanobacteria contribute to over 25% of the world's net primary photosynthetic production and are pivotal in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.1 This study unveils a previously unobserved symbiotic relationship between benthic cyanobacteria and fungi that have also adapted to life as a plant endophyte. The interaction suggests an initial phase of lichenization. We isolated Leptolyngbya frigida from the Naracauli stream, which emanates from abandoned Zn industrial waste in Sardinia. Seasonally, L. frigida participates in a biomineralization processes, mitigating the Zn transfer to rivers and, subsequently, the sea.2,3,4 L. frigida is a benthic cyanobacterium that establishes a biofilm on the stream bed. Notably, the area predominantly features Juncus acutus. From these roots, endophytic fungi were predominantly isolated as Clonostachys rosea, a fungus recognized for its biocontrol capabilities against plant pathogens. An intriguing observation was made when L. frigida was cultured with C. rosea on a low-carbohydrate agar medium: the fungal mycelium transformed into wall-less forms, a phenomenon not documented previously. In liquid environments, the resulting biofilm first settled at the container's bottom. Even upon rising to the surface, this biofilm remained pigment rich. Concurrently, a secondary biofilm began its formation at the bottom. These fungal-integrated biofilms displayed enhanced resilience and superior photosynthetic performance compared to those without fungal presence. Moreover, the symbiotic relationship significantly amplified O2 emission and CO2 sequestration by the biofilm. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85175274000,

title = {Differences in the Occurrence of Cell Wall Components between Distinct Cell Types in Glands of Drosophyllum lusitanicum},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Stolarczyk and P. Świątek and I.K. Lichtscheidl},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175274000&doi=10.3390%2fijms242015045&partnerID=40&md5=db298cc4b10004659a10642831f998b0},

doi = {10.3390/ijms242015045},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {24},

number = {20},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {Carnivorous plants are mixotrophs that have developed the ability to lure, trap, and digest small organisms and utilize components of the digested bodies. Leaves of Drosophyllum lusitanicum have two kinds of glands (emergences): stalked mucilage glands and sessile digestive glands. The stalked mucilage glands perform the primary role in prey lure and trapping. Apart from their role in carnivory, they absorb water condensed from oceanic fog; thus, plants can survive in arid conditions. To better understand the function of carnivorous plant emergences, the molecular composition of their cell walls was investigated using immunocytochemical methods. In this research, Drosophyllum lusitanicum was used as a study system to determine whether cell wall immunocytochemistry differs between the mucilage and digestive glands of other carnivorous plant species. Light and electron microscopy were used to observe gland structure. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the localization of carbohydrate epitopes associated with the major cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The mucilage gland (emergence) consists of a glandular head, a connecting neck zone, and stalk. The gland head is formed by an outer and inner layer of glandular (secretory) cells and supported by a layer of endodermoid (barrier) cells. The endodermoid cells have contact with a core of spongy tracheids with spiral-shaped thickenings. Lateral tracheids are surrounded by epidermal and parenchymal neck cells. Different patterns of cell wall components were found in the various cell types of the glands. Cell walls of glandular cells generally are poor in both low and highly esterified homogalacturonans (HGs) but enriched with hemicelluloses. Cell walls of inner glandular cells are especially rich in arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). The cell wall ingrowths in glandular cells are significantly enriched with hemicelluloses and AGPs. In the case of cell wall components, the glandular cells of Drosophyllum lusitanicum mucilage glands are similar to the glandular cells of the digestive glands of Aldrovanda vesiculosa and Dionaea muscipula. © 2023 by the authors.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85159262646,

title = {Phylogenetical Position versus Pollination Syndromes: Floral Trichomes of Central American and Mexican Pinguicula},

author = { K. Lustofin and P. Świątek and V.F.O. Miranda and B.J. Płachno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159262646&doi=10.3390%2fijms24098423&partnerID=40&md5=f42feb77d4ee877429e8e4c6eafdc141},

doi = {10.3390/ijms24098423},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {24},

number = {9},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {Central American and Mexican Pinguicula species are characterized by enormous divergence in size and color of flowers and are pollinated by butterflies, flies, bees, and hummingbirds. It is known that floral trichomes are key characters in plant–pollinator interaction. The main aim of our study was to verify our hypothesis that the distribution and diversity of non-glandular and glandular trichomes are related to the pollinator syndromes rather than the phylogenetic relationships. The studied sample consisted of Central American and Mexican species. In our study, we relied on light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with a phylogenetic perspective based on ITS DNA sequences. The flower morphology of species pollinated by butterflies and hummingbirds was similar in contrast to species pollinated by flies and bees. Species pollinated by butterflies and hummingbirds contained low diversity of non-glandular trichomes, which occurred mostly in the tube and basal part of the spur. Surprisingly, in P. esseriana and P. mesophytica, non-glandular trichomes also occurred at the base of lower lip petals. In the case of species pollinated by flies/bees, we observed a high variety of non-glandular trichomes, which occurred on the surface of corolla petals, in the tube, and at the entrance to the spur. Furthermore, we did not identify any non-glandular trichomes in the spur. The capitate glandular trichomes were of similar morphology in all examined species. There were minor differences in the shape of the trichome head, as well as the length and the number of stalk cells. The distribution and the diversity of non-glandular and glandular trichomes and pollinator syndromes were mapped onto a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus. Most micromorphological characters appear to be associated more with floral adaptation to pollinators and less with phylogeny. © 2023 by the authors.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85149744420,

title = {Immunocytochemical Analysis of Bifid Trichomes in Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. Traps},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Stolarczyk and M. Wójciak and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149744420&doi=10.3390%2fijms24043358&partnerID=40&md5=c6fbba09704a39b2cf753efdc573c533},

doi = {10.3390/ijms24043358},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {24},

number = {4},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

abstract = {The two-armed bifids (bifid trichomes) occur on the external (abaxial) trap surface, petiole, and stem of the aquatic carnivorous plant Aldrovanda vesiculosa (Droseracee). These trichomes play the role of mucilage trichomes. This study aimed to fill the gap in the literature concerning the immunocytochemistry of the bifid trichomes and compare them with digestive trichomes. Light and electron microscopy was used to show the trichome structure. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the localization of carbohydrate epitopes associated with the major cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The stalk cells and the basal cells of the trichomes were differentiated as endodermal cells. Cell wall ingrowths occurred in all cell types of the bifid trichomes. Trichome cells differed in the composition of their cell walls. The cell walls of the head cells and stalk cells were enriched with arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs); however, they were generally poor in both low- and highly-esterified homogalacturonans (HGs). The cell walls in the trichome cells were rich in hemicelluloses: xyloglucan and galactoxyloglucan. The cell wall ingrowths in the basal cells were significantly enriched with hemicelluloses. The presence of endodermal cells and transfer cells supports the idea that bifid trichomes actively transport solutes, which are polysaccharide in nature. The presence of AGPs (which are considered plant signaling molecules) in the cell walls in these trichome cells indicates the active and important role of these trichomes in plant function. Future research should focus on the question of how the molecular architecture of trap cell walls changes in cells during trap development and prey capture and digestion in A. vesiculosa and other carnivorous plants. © 2023 by the authors.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85168456703,

title = {Unlocking the secrets of the Early Jurassic of North Africa: first record of pseudoplanktonic crinoid Seirocrinus (Crinoidea, Pentacrinidae) from Morocco and Algeria},

author = { M.A. Salamon and M. Benyoucef and M. Benzaggah and T. Brachaniec and İ. Hoşgör and S. Jain and B.J. Płachno and O. Rahmonov},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85168456703&doi=10.1080%2f08912963.2023.2243471&partnerID=40&md5=8d170033341d4ab2e10303887fe5b8fa},

doi = {10.1080/08912963.2023.2243471},

issn = {08912963},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Historical Biology},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},

abstract = {The Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) age-based Lower Marly Limestone Formation of the Moulay Idriss Zerhoun area (Morocco) and the Ain Ouarka Formation of the Ksour Mountains (Algeria) have yielded rare crinoids. Although crinoids have previously been described from the Jurassic of Algeria, their Pliensbachian occurrence is being reported here for the first time. On the other hand, one isocrinid taxa [Terocrinus subsulcatus (Münster in Goldfuss)] was also recorded from the Pliensbachian strata of Morocco. Additionally, now, from both Morocco and Algeria, Seirocrinus subangularis (Miller), belonging to the family Pentacrinitidae, is documented. This is a cosmopolitan and pseudoplaktonic crinoid species that is well-known from Asia, Europe, and North America. The taxonomic evaluation of the genus Seirocrinus is provided. The present records from Algeria and Morocco are the first finds of Seirocrinus from the African continent. Ticinocrinus moroccoensis sp. nov. represented by a cup of a rare cyrtocrinid (Cyrtocrinida) is associated with S. subangularis from Morocco. Globally, this is the second record of the genus; the first Ticinocrinus being described from the Pliensbachian of Switzerland. Thus, the present records from Morocco and Algeria are also the oldest cyrtocrinids from the southern margin of the Tethys. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85146019799,

title = {Stellate Trichomes in Dionaea muscipula Ellis (Venus Flytrap) Traps, Structure and Functions},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Stolarczyk and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146019799&doi=10.3390%2fijms24010553&partnerID=40&md5=3d3342ce63d57e69fe3d29cac23c935b},

doi = {10.3390/ijms24010553},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {24},

number = {1},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The digestive organs of carnivorous plants have external (abaxial) glands and trichomes, which perform various functions. Dionaea muscipula Ellis (the Venus flytrap) is a model carnivorous plant species whose traps are covered by external trichomes. The aim of the study was to fill in the gap regarding the structure of the stellate outer trichomes and their immunocytochemistry and to determine whether these data support the suggestions of other authors about the roles of these trichomes. Light and electron microscopy was used to show the trichomes’ structure. Fluorescence microscopy was used to locate the carbohydrate epitopes that are associated with the major cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The endodermal cells and internal head cells of the trichomes were differentiated as transfer cells, and this supports the idea that stellate trichomes transport solutes and are not only tomentose-like trichomes. Trichome cells differ in the composition of their cell walls, e.g., the cell walls of the internal head cells are enriched with arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). The cell walls of the outer head cells are poor in both low and highly homogalacturonans (HGs), but the immature trichomes are rich in the pectic polysaccharide (1–4)–β-D-galactan. In the immature traps, young stellate trichomes produce mucilage which may protect the trap surface, and in particular, the trap entrance. However, the role of these trichomes is different when the outer head cells collapse. In the internal head cells, a thick secondary wall cell was deposited, which together with the thick cell walls of the outer head cells played the role of a large apoplastic space. This may suggest that mature stellate trichomes might function as hydathodes, but this should be experimentally proven. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85135759898,

title = {Ausichicrinites zelenskyyi gen. et sp. nov., a first nearly complete feather star (Crinoidea) from the Upper Jurassic of Africa},

author = { M.A. Salamon and S. Jain and T. Brachaniec and P. Duda and B.J. Płachno and P. Gorzelak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135759898&doi=10.1098%2frsos.220345&partnerID=40&md5=14e683b762367c2c539bfea6656bbe8d},

doi = {10.1098/rsos.220345},

issn = {20545703},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Royal Society Open Science},

volume = {9},

number = {7},

publisher = {Royal Society Publishing},

abstract = {Fossil comatulids, referred to as feather stars, are mostly known from highly disarticulated specimens. A single isolated element (centrodorsal) has been the basis for taxonomic description of a vast majority of fossil comatulids. Here, we report a nearly complete, and thus extremely rare, comatulid from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) of the Blue Nile Basin in central western Ethiopia that provides a unique insight into the morphology of comatulid arms and cirri. It is assigned to Ausichicrinites zelenskyyi gen. et sp. nov. and is the first Jurassic comatulid from the African continent. The new taxon shows some similarities with representatives of the Mesozoic Solanocrinitidae but also has close resemblance with the modern family Zygometridae, exclusively known from the Holocene of western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans. This morphologic similarity is considered to be due to convergence. The first example of pinnule regeneration in a fossil feather star is reported, which reinforces the hypothesis about the importance of predation in the evolution of these crinoids. © 2022 The Authors.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85138042766,

title = {Crinoids from the Ouarsenis Massif (Algeria) fill the Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian and Valanginian) gap of northern Africa [Les crinoïdes du massif de l'Ouarsenis (Algérie) comblent la lacune du Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien et Valanginien) de l'Afrique du Nord]},

author = { M. Benyoucef and B.B.M. Ferré and B.J. Płachno and I. Bouchemla and M.A. Salamon},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138042766&doi=10.1016%2fj.annpal.2022.102555&partnerID=40&md5=8e0c18a178273d1a4600ddc2185ef5d6},

doi = {10.1016/j.annpal.2022.102555},

issn = {07533969},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Annales de Paleontologie},

volume = {108},

number = {2},

publisher = {Elsevier Masson s.r.l.},

abstract = {The Ouarsenis Massif belongs to the Algerian Tell domain, which is considered as the eastern part of the Maghrebian Tethys former margin. The Berriasian-Valanginian Oued Fodda Formation outcropping in the Kef Aïn El Hadjela section, at the foot of the great peak of the Ouarsenis Massif, is composed of marls and laminated and bioturbated limestone alternations. The marl facies reveals diverse microfauna, including crinoids. These latter are represented by: Isocrinida [isocrinids Balanocrinus cf. gillieroni (de Loriol); Percevalicrinus aldingeri Klikushin; Isocrinus? lissajouxi (de Loriol)], Cyrtocrinida [cyrtocrinids (Phyllocrinus sp.; Hemibrachiocrinus sp.)], and Roveacrinida gen. indet. sp. indet. [roveacrinids]. All these, with exception of roveacrinids and phyllocrinids, are noted for the first time from Algeria and African continent (southern margin of Tethys in the Maghreb). Knowledge on Cretaceous crinoids formerly described from Algeria is presented. It is also shown that crinoid assemblage and associated invertebrates are typical for relatively shallow, distal depositional setting situated below storm wave base. © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85143985498,

title = {Sheltered preservation of cyrtocrinid crinoids from the Lower Cretaceous of Madagascar and their palaeogeographic significance},

author = { M.A. Salamon and S. Jain and M. Krajewski and P. Duda and B.B.M. Ferré and M. Benzaggagh and B.J. Płachno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85143985498&doi=10.1016%2fj.jop.2022.11.002&partnerID=40&md5=7546c5f6d7d82fe9cd5f513a5fbcc65e},

doi = {10.1016/j.jop.2022.11.002},

issn = {20953836},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Palaeogeography},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Sheltered preservation, in which organisms are trapped within shells of cephalopods, is a well-known phenomenon. This preservational style constitutes an important source of paleontological data. Here, we report the first crinoid preserved inside the early Albian ammonite Cleoniceras besairiei Collignon from Madagascar. This crinoid is assigned to the aspidocrinid phyllocrinid (Apsidocrinus; Phyllocrinidae), and constitutes the first phyllocrinid from the African continent, the second from the southern margin of the Tethys (after New Zealand), and also from the southern hemisphere. This specimen represents the youngest occurrence of a phyllocrinid in the world as well, and constitutes one of the youngest occurrences of cyrtocrinids from shallow sea environments, before predation-induced migration of the stalked crinoids to the deep sea refugia due to the so-called Mesozoic Marine Revolution. This finding highlights that ammonite shells may also be a convenient material for studying echinoderms. © 2022 The Authors},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85136129187,

title = {Comparative actualistic study hints at origins of alleged Miocene coprolites of Poland},

author = { T. Brachaniec and D. Środek and D. Surmik and R. Niedźwiedzki and G.L. Georgalis and B.J. Płachno and P. Duda and A. Lukeneder and P. Gorzelak and M.A. Salamon},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136129187&doi=10.7717%2fpeerj.13652&partnerID=40&md5=68ca76356155997e9fb15891668b4cd0},

doi = {10.7717/peerj.13652},

issn = {21678359},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {PeerJ},

volume = {10},

publisher = {PeerJ Inc.},

abstract = {Excrement-shaped ferruginous masses have been recovered from the Miocene of Turów mine in south-western Poland. These siderite masses have been the subject of much controversy, having been interpreted either as being coprolites, cololithes or pseudofossils created by mechanical deformation of plastic sediment. Here we present the results of mineralogical, geochemical, petrographic and microtomographical analyses. Our data indicate that these masses consist of siderite and iron oxide rather than phosphate, and rarely contain recognizable food residues, which may suggest abiotic origins of these structures. On the other hand, evidence in support of a fecal origin include: (i) the presence of two distinct morphotypes differing in size and shape, (ii) the presence of rare hair-like structures or coalified inclusions and (iii) the presence of rare fine striations on the surface. Importantly, comparative actualistic study of recent vertebrate feces shows overall resemblance of the first morphotype (sausage-shaped with rare coalified debris) to excrements of testudinoid turtles (Testudinoidea), whose shell fragment was found in the investigated locality. The second morphotype (rounded to oval-shaped with hair-like structures), in turn, is similar to the feces of some snakes (Serpentes), the remains of which were noted in the Miocene of the neighborhood areas. Other potential producers (such as lizards and crocodiles) and even abiotic origins cannot be fully excluded but are less likely. Copyright 2022 Brachaniec et al.},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85135120064,

title = {Immunocytochemical Analysis of the Wall Ingrowths in the Digestive Gland Transfer Cells in Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. (Droseraceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Stolarczyk and P. Świątek and M. Strzemski and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135120064&doi=10.3390%2fcells11142218&partnerID=40&md5=8d46046cf418032aeb08695e1c4b01cf},

doi = {10.3390/cells11142218},

issn = {20734409},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cells},

volume = {11},

number = {14},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Carnivorous plants are unique due to their ability to attract small animals or protozoa, retain them in specialized traps, digest them, and absorb nutrients from the dissolved prey material; however, to this end, these plants need a special secretion-digestive system (glands). A common trait of the digestive glands of carnivorous plants is the presence of transfer cells. Using the aquatic carnivorous species Aldrovanda vesiculosa, we showed carnivorous plants as a model for studies of wall ingrowths/transfer cells. We addressed the following questions: Is the cell wall ingrowth composition the same between carnivorous plant glands and other plant system models? Is there a difference in the cell wall ingrowth composition between various types of gland cells (glandular versus endodermoid cells)? Fluorescence microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy were employed to localize carbohydrate epitopes associated with major cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The cell wall ingrowths were enriched with arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) localized with the JIM8, JIM13, and JIM14 epitopes. Both methylesterified and de-esterified homogalacturonans (HGs) were absent or weakly present in the wall ingrowths in transfer cells (stalk cells and head cells of the gland). Both the cell walls and the cell wall ingrowths in the transfer cells were rich in hemicelluloses: xyloglucan (LM15) and galactoxyloglucan (LM25). There were differences in the composition between the cell wall ingrowths and the primary cell walls in A. vesiculosa secretory gland cells in the case of the absence or inaccessibility of pectins (JIM5; LM19; JIM7; LM5; LM6 epitopes); thus, the wall ingrowths are specific cell wall microdomains. Even in the same organ (gland), transfer cells may differ in the composition of the cell wall ingrowths (glandular versus endodermoid cells). We found both similarities and differences in the composition of the cell wall ingrowths between the A. vesiculosa transfer cells and transfer cells of other plant species. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85124608642,

title = {Unraveling the hidden paleobiodiversity of the Middle Devonian (Emsian) crinoids (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from Poland},

author = { W.I. Ausich and M.A. Salamon and B.J. Płachno and T. Brachaniec and W. Krawczyski and A. Boczarowski and K. Paszcza and M. Łukowiak and P. Gorzelak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124608642&doi=10.7717%2fpeerj.12842&partnerID=40&md5=73d46efd05457a72500cd49d119992aa},

doi = {10.7717/peerj.12842},

issn = {21678359},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {PeerJ},

volume = {10},

publisher = {PeerJ Inc.},

abstract = {Most previous publications on Devonian crinoids from the Holy Cross Mountains in Poland have concentrated on crinoid columns, and until now, little has been published about crinoid cups and calyxes. Herein, five crinoid taxa are described from an abundant occurrence of aboral cups and partial crowns from the Bukowa Góra Member (Emsian) in the Holy Cross Mountains of southern Poland. The following taxa are described: Bactrocrinites sp., Codiacrinus sevastopuloi sp. nov., Halocrinites geminatus (Bohatý; 2005), Halocrinites schlotheimii Steininger, 1831, and a single brachial plate from a flexible crinoid placed in Flexibilia incertae sedis. Simple discoid holdfasts are also present encrusted to cylindrical stromatoporoids. These taxa are the first crinoids described from the remains of partial crowns from Emsian strata of Poland. © 2022 PeerJ Inc.. All rights reserved.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85124101110,

title = {Arabinogalactan Proteins in the Digestive Glands of Dionaea muscipula J.Ellis Traps},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Stolarczyk and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124101110&doi=10.3390%2fcells11030586&partnerID=40&md5=b3ba2e1f19e3ef6f06bc41f976c97dc9},

doi = {10.3390/cells11030586},

issn = {20734409},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cells},

volume = {11},

number = {3},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {The arabinogalactan proteins (AGP) play important roles in plant growth and developmental processes. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no information on the spatial distribution of AGP in the plant organs and tissues of carnivorous plants during their carnivorous cycle. The Dionaea muscipula trap forms an “external stomach” and is equipped with an effective digestive-absorbing system. Because its digestive glands are composed of specialized cells, the hypothesis that their cell walls are also very specialized in terms of their composition (AGP) compared to the cell wall of the trap epidermal and parenchyma cells was tested. Another aim of this study was to determine whether there is a spatio-temporal distribution of the AGP in the digestive glands during the secretory cycle of D. muscipula. Antibodies that act against AGPs, including JIM8, JIM13 and JIM14, were used. The localization of the examined compounds was determined using immunohistochemistry techniques and immunogold labeling. In both the un-fed and fed traps, there was an accumulation of AGP in the cell walls of the gland secretory cells. The epitope, which is recognized by JIM14, was a useful marker of the digestive glands. The secretory cells of the D. muscipula digestive glands are transfer cells and an accumulation of specific AGP was at the site where the cell wall labyrinth occurred. Immunogold labeling confirmed an occurrence of AGP in the cell wall ingrowths. There were differences in the AGP occurrence (labeled with JIM8 and JIM13) in the cell walls of the gland secretory cells between the unfed and fed traps. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85109382240,

title = {Living between land and water – structural and functional adaptations in vegetative organs of bladderworts},

author = { M.S. Reut and P. Świątek and V.F.O. Miranda and B.J. Płachno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85109382240&doi=10.1007%2fs11104-021-04929-6&partnerID=40&md5=245d778643851ddc3cbbda005387d8cc},

doi = {10.1007/s11104-021-04929-6},

issn = {0032079X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Plant and Soil},

volume = {464},

number = {1-2},

pages = {237-255},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {Aims: The carnivorous Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) has an anatomically simple and seemingly rootless vegetative body. It occupies a variety of wetlands and inland waters and shows a broad range of life forms. Here, we aimed to elucidate structural and functional traits in various hydric conditions. Furthermore, we intended to evaluate morpho-anatomical adaptations in correlation with life forms. Methods: Morpho-anatomical characteristics typical for hydrophytes of all life forms were investigated by light microscopy on 13 Utricularia taxa, compared to one Pinguicula and two Genlisea taxa, and assessed by multivariate analyses. Results: Vegetative structures of Utricularia and Genlisea showed reduced cortical, supporting, and vascular tissues. With increasing water table, leaves were thinner, and narrower or dissected, and submerged organs tended to contain chloroplasts in parenchymatic and epidermal cells. In some main stolons, an endodermis with Casparian strips was visible. Large gas chambers, including a novel ‘crescent’ and a special ‘hollow’ aerenchyma pattern, were found in amphibious to free-floating taxa. Conclusions: The evolutionary transfer of carnivory from aerial to subterranean organs in Genlisea, and even more in Utricularia, coincides with a highly simplified anatomy, which is adapted to a broad variety of hydric conditions and compensates for structural innovations in the uptake of nutrients. © 2021, The Author(s).},

note = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85106441323,

title = {Spatio-temporal distribution of cell wall components in the placentas, ovules and female gametophytes of utricularia during pollination},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Świątek and K. Banaś and V.F.O. Miranda and A. Bogucka-Kocka},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106441323&doi=10.3390%2fijms22115622&partnerID=40&md5=3bde0bebd7026df229f72c2aaafe935e},

doi = {10.3390/ijms22115622},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {22},

number = {11},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {In most angiosperms, the female gametophyte is hidden in the mother tissues and the pollen tube enters the ovule via a micropylar canal. The mother tissues play an essential role in the pollen tube guidance. However, in Utricularia, the female gametophyte surpasses the entire micropylar canal and extends beyond the limit of the integument. The female gametophyte then invades the placenta and a part of the central cell has direct contact with the ovary chamber. To date, information about the role of the placenta and integument in pollen tube guidance in Utricularia, which have extra-ovular female gametophytes, has been lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the placenta, central cell and integument in pollen tube pollen tube guidance in Utricularia nelumbifolia Gardner and Utricularia humboldtii R.H. Schomb. by studying the production of arabinogalactan proteins. It was also determined whether the production of the arabinogalactan proteins is dependent on pollination in Utricularia. In both of the examined species, arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) were observed in the placenta (epidermis and nutritive tissue), ovule (integument; chalaza), and female gametophyte of both pollinated and unpollinated flowers, which means that the production of AGPs is independent of pollination; however, the production of some AGPs was lower after fertilization. There were some differences in the production of AGPs between the examined species. The occurrence of AGPs in the placental epidermis and nutritive tissue suggests that they function as an obturator. The production of some AGPs in the ovular tissues (nucellus; integument) was independent of the presence of a mature embryo sac. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85107275753,

title = {Hrabalicrinus zitti gen. et sp. nov., and other Upper Jurassic crinoids (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) from the Brno area (Czech Republic) [Hrabalicrinus zitti gen. et sp. nov., et autres crinoïdes (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) du Jurassique supérieur des environs de Brno (République tchèque)]},

author = { M.A. Salamon and M. Bubík and B.B.M. Ferré and P. Duda and B.J. Płachno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107275753&doi=10.1016%2fj.annpal.2021.102482&partnerID=40&md5=af09f8632920c69cbb7ca805d37fd989},

doi = {10.1016/j.annpal.2021.102482},

issn = {07533969},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Annales de Paleontologie},

volume = {107},

number = {2},

publisher = {Elsevier Masson s.r.l.},

abstract = {Jurassic (Oxfordian) crinoids from the Brno area (Czech Republic) are described in details for the first time. A rich crinoid assemblage consisting of cups, isolated cup elements, brachial plates, columnals, pluricolumnals, and cirrals is assigned to isocrinids Isocrinus amblyscalaris (Thurmann), Balanocrinus subteres (Münster), B. pentagonalis (Goldfuss), Isocrinida indet., comatulid Hrabalicrinus zitti gen. et sp. nov., cyrtocrinids Lonchocrinus sp., Cyrtocrinus cf. nutans (Goldfuss), Pilocrinus moussoni (Desor), Tetracrinus moniliformis Münster, Cyrtocrinida indet., and millericrinids (Millericrinida indet.). Crinoids already mentioned from the Jurassic strata of the Czech Republic are subsequently revised. Apart from the isolated remains of Isocrinida, Millericrinida, and Thiolliericrinida, the presence of any other taxon reported from this area should be treated with extreme caution. A rare example of non-regenerative columnal healing (the so-called callus) in I. amblyscalaris is also described. Based on sedimentology and microfacies, the Jurassic limestones were deposited in various palaeoenvironments of upper carbonate platform and shelf lagoon (0 to > 50 m palaeodepth). © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85098142308,

title = {Uncovering the hidden diversity of Mississippian crinoids (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from Poland},

author = { M.A. Salamon and W.I. Ausich and T. Brachaniec and B.J. Płachno and P. Gorzelak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098142308&doi=10.7717%2fpeerj.10641&partnerID=40&md5=96d25f7198bcfcf0a9cc225fc0c831be},

doi = {10.7717/peerj.10641},

issn = {21678359},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {PeerJ},

volume = {8},

publisher = {PeerJ Inc.},

abstract = {Partial crinoid crowns and aboral cups are reported from the Mississippian of Poland for the first time. Most specimens are partially disarticulated or isolated plates, which prevent identification to genus and species, but regardless these remains indicate a rich diversity of Mississippian crinoids in Poland during the Mississippian, especially during the late Viséan. Lanecrinus? sp. is described from the late Tournaisian of the D bnik Anticline region. A high crinoid biodiversity occurred during late Viséan of the Holy Cross Mountains, including the camerate crinoids Gilbertsocrinus? sp., Platycrinitidae Indeterminate; one flexible crinoid; and numerous eucladid crinoids, including Cyathocrinites mammillaris (Phillips), three taxa represented by partial cups left in open nomenclature, and numerous additional taxa known only from isolated radial plates, brachial plates, and columnals. To date, the youngest occurrence of Gilbertsocrinus was the early Viséan of the United States, thus the present finding in upper Viséan extends this genus range. Furthermore, the occurrence of Lanecrinus? sp. expands the Western European range of this genus into the Tournaisian. A single partially disarticulated crown, Crinoidea Indeterminate B, is described from the Serpukhovian of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. In addition, several echinoid test plates and spines are also reported. Copyright 2020 Salamon et al.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85097842253,

title = {Immunodetection of pectic epitopes, arabinogalactan proteins, and extensins in mucilage cells from the ovules of pilosella officinarum vaill. and taraxacum officinale agg. (asteraceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kapusta and P. Świątek and P. Stolarczyk and J. Kocki},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097842253&doi=10.3390%2fijms21249642&partnerID=40&md5=e4209fae440e4eee9f8261113910bac6},

doi = {10.3390/ijms21249642},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {21},

number = {24},

pages = {1-21},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {The main aim of this study was to compare the cytological difference between ovular mucilage cells in two Asteraceae species—Pilosella officinarum and Taraxacum officinale—in order to determine whether pectic epitopes, arabinogalactan proteins, or extensins are present. The immunocytochemical technique was used. Both the Taracacum and Pilosella genera have been used recently as models for understanding the mechanisms of apomixis. Knowledge of the presence of signal molecules (pectic epitopes; arabinogalactan proteins; and extensins) can help better understand the developmental processes in these plants during seed growth. The results showed that in Pilosella officinarum, there was an accumulation of pectins in the mucilage, including both weakly and highly esterified pectins, which was in contrast to the mucilage of Taraxacum officinale, which had low amounts of these pectins. However, Taraxacum protoplasts of mucilage cells were rich in weakly methyl-esterified pectins. While the mucilage contained arabinogalactan proteins in both of the studied species, the types of arabinogalactan proteins were different. In both of the studied species, extensins were recorded in the transmitting tissues. Arabinogalactan proteins as well as weakly and highly esterified pectins and extensins occurred in close proximity to calcium oxalate crystals in both Taraxacum and Pilosella cells. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85094982630,

title = {Do food trichomes occur in Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) flowers?},

author = { K. Lustofin and P. Świątek and P. Stolarczyk and V.F.O. Miranda and B.J. Płachno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094982630&doi=10.1093%2faob%2fmcaa123&partnerID=40&md5=140f075bf243a675b5a575c8a400a58a},

doi = {10.1093/aob/mcaa123},

issn = {03057364},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Botany},

volume = {126},

number = {6},

pages = {1039-1048},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {Background and Aims Floral food bodies (including edible trichomes) are a form of floral reward for pollinators. This type of nutritive reward has been recorded in several angiosperm families: Annonaceae, Araceae, Calycanthaceae, Eupomatiaceae, Himantandraceae, Nymphaeaceae, Orchidaceae, Pandanaceae and Winteraceae. Although these bodies are very diverse in their structure, their cells contain food material: starch grains, protein bodies or lipid droplets. In Pinguicula flowers, there are numerous multicellular clavate trichomes. Previous authors have proposed that these trichomes in the Pinguicula flower play the role of 'futterhaare' ('feeding hairs') and are eaten by pollinators. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether the floral non-glandular trichomes of Pinguicula contain food reserves and thus are a reward for pollinators. The trichomes from the Pinguicula groups, which differ in their taxonomy (species from the subgenera: Temnoceras; Pinguicula and Isoloba) as well as the types of their pollinators (butterflies/flies and bees/hummingbirds), were examined. Thus, it was determined whether there are any connections between the occurrence of food trichomes and phylogeny position or pollination biology. Additionally, we determined the phylogenetic history of edible trichomes and pollinator evolution in the Pinguicula species. • Methods The species that were sampled were: Pinguicula moctezumae, P. esseriana, P. moranensis, P. emarginata, P. rectifolia, P. mesophytica, P. hemiepiphytica, P. agnata, P. albida, P. ibarrae, P. martinezii, P. filifolia, P. gigantea, P. lusitanica, P. alpina and P. vulgaris. Light microscopy, histochemistry, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to address our aims with a phylogenetic perspective based on matK/ trnK DNA sequences. • Key Results No accumulation of protein bodies or lipid droplets was recorded in the floral non-glandular trichomes of any of the analysed species. Starch grains occurred in the cells of the trichomes of the bee-/fly-pollinated species: P. agnata, P. albida, P. ibarrae, P. martinezii, P. filifolia and P. gigantea, but not in P. alpina or P. vulgaris. Moreover, starch grains were not recorded in the cells of the trichomes of the Pinguicula species that have long spurs, which are pollinated by Lepidoptera (P. moctezumae; P. esseriana; P. moranensis; P. emarginata and P. rectifolia) or birds (P. mesophytica and P. hemiepihytica), or in species with a small and whitish corolla that self-pollinate (P. lusitanica). The results on the occurrence of edible trichomes and pollinator syndromes were mapped onto a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus. • Conclusion Floral non-glandular trichomes play the role of edible trichomes in some Pinguicula species (P. agnata; P. albida; P. ibarrae; P. martinezii; P. filifolia and P. gigantea), which are mainly classified as bee-pollinated species that had originated from Central and South America. It seems that in the Pinguicula that are pollinated by other pollinator groups (Lepidoptera and hummingbirds), the non-glandular trichomes in the flowers play a role other than that of a floral reward for their pollinators. Edible trichomes are symplesiomorphic for the Pinguicula species, and thus do not support a monophyletic group such as a synapomorphy. Nevertheless, edible trichomes are derived and are possibly a specialization for fly and bee pollinators by acting as a food reward for these visitors. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85088298833,

title = {Structural features of carnivorous plant (Genlisea, utricularia) tubers as abiotic stress resistance organs},

author = { B.J. Płachno and S.R. Silva and P. Świątek and K.W. Dixon and K. Lustofin and G.C. Seber and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088298833&doi=10.3390%2fijms21145143&partnerID=40&md5=f8286ff7843b2c0277f7bec5bed78221},

doi = {10.3390/ijms21145143},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {21},

number = {14},

pages = {1-20},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Carnivorous plants from the Lentibulariaceae form a variety of standard and novel vegetative organs and survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Within Genlisea, only G. tuberosa, from the Brazilian Cerrado, formed tubers, while Utricularia menziesii is the only member of the genus to form seasonally dormant tubers. We aimed to examine and compare the tuber structure of two taxonomically and phylogenetically divergent terrestrial carnivorous plants: Genlisea tuberosa and Utricularia menziesii. Additionally, we analyzed tubers of U. mannii. We constructed phylogenetic trees using chloroplast genes matK/trnK and rbcL and used studied characters for ancestral state reconstruction. All examined species contained mainly starch as histologically observable reserves. The ancestral state reconstruction showed that specialized organs such as turions evolved once and tubers at least 12 times from stolons in Lentibulariaceae. Different from other clades, tubers probably evolved from thick stolons for sect. Orchidioides and both structures are primarily water storage structures. In contrast to species from section Orchidioides, G. tuberosa, U. menziesii and U. mannii form starchy tubers. In G. tuberosa and U. menziesii, underground tubers provide a perennating bud bank that protects the species in their fire-prone and seasonally desiccating environments. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85092473990,

title = {Additional data on post-paleozoic sea-lilies (Crinoidea, echinodermata) from the outer carpathians of the Czech Republic and Poland [Résumé: Données complémentaires sur les lys de mer post-paléozoïques (crinoïdes; crinoi-dea, echinodermata) des carpathes externes de la République Tchèque et de Pologne]},

author = { M.A. Salamon and M. Bubík and B.B.M. Ferré and A. Szydło and P. Nescieruk and B.J. Płachno and T. Brachaniec and K. Paszcza},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092473990&doi=10.2110%2fcarnets.2020.2015&partnerID=40&md5=be2de248aa4795851e1c7d3b0a9e435e},

doi = {10.2110/carnets.2020.2015},

issn = {17652553},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Carnets de Geologie},

volume = {20},

number = {15},

pages = {283-299},

publisher = {Carnets de Geologie},

abstract = {Jurassic (Tithonian) and Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian/Valanginian-Hauterivian) strata of the Vendryně and Cieszyn Limestones formations in the Czech Republic and Poland are locally rich in crinoid remains, consisting of whole cups, isolated cup elements, brachial plates, columnals and plurico-lumnals, cirrals, and holdfasts. They are assigned to isocrinids (Isocrinida: Isocrinus cf. amblyscalaris; Isocrinida indet.), cyrtocrinids (Cyrtocrinida: Eugeniacrinites sp.; Phyllocrinus sp.; Gammarocrinites sp.; Hemicrinus tithonicus; Plicatocrinus hexagonus; Cyrtocrinida indet.), millericrinids (Millericrinida: Millericrinida indet.), and thiolliericrinids (Comatulida; Thiolliericrinidae: Thiolliericrinidae gen. et sp. In-det.). Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and Paleogene (Paleocene-Oligocene) crinoids from the Subsile-sian Unit are recorded as individual remains belonging to: Isocrinida indet., Cyrtocrinida indet., bour-gueticrinids (Comatulida; Bourgueticrinina: Bourgueticrinina fam. et gen. indet.) and roveacrinids (Ro-veacrinida; Roveacrinidae gen. et sp. indet.). Roveacrinids were retrieved only from Maastrichtian sam-ples. Despite the conclusions previously presented that isocrinids of the Outer Flysch Carpathians dominated around the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary due to the very shallow sedimentary environment of these strata, we can now conclude that they were common and associated with cyrtocrinids in all types of environments. It is also worth mentioning that cyrtocrinids and isocrinids occur in Paleogene sediments that were deposited in extremely shallow environments. On the other hand, many literature data suggested that Cretaceous (by mid-Cretaceous) isocrinids migrated to deep-water areas, as a response to an increase in the number of predators during the so-called Mesozoic marine revolution. © 2020, Carnets de Geologie. All rights reserved.},

note = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85086946710,

title = {Life in the current: Anatomy and morphology of utricularia neottioides},

author = { B.J. Płachno and L. Adamec and P. Świątek and M. Kapusta and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086946710&doi=10.3390%2fijms21124474&partnerID=40&md5=0f4e3b76de2aeae9712d01ec1e742f8f},

doi = {10.3390/ijms21124474},

issn = {16616596},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},

volume = {21},

number = {12},

pages = {1-18},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {Rheophytism is extremely rare in the Utricularia genus (there are four strictly rheophytic species out of a total of about 260). Utricularia neottioides is an aquatic rheophytic species exclusively growing attached to bedrocks in the South American streams. Utricularia neottioides was considered to be trap-free by some authors, suggesting that it had given up carnivory due to its specific habitat. Our aim was to compare the anatomy of rheophytic U. neottioides with an aquatic Utricularia species with a typical linear monomorphic shoot from the section Utricularia, U. reflexa, which grows in standing or very slowly streaming African waters. Additionally, we compared the immunodetection of cell wall components of both species. Light microscopy, histochemistry, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy were used to address our aims. In U. neottioides, two organ systems can be distinguished: organs (stolons; inflorescence stalk) which possess sclerenchyma and are thus resistant to water currents, and organs without sclerenchyma (leaf-like shoots), which are submissive to the water streaming/movement. Due to life in the turbulent habitat, U. neottioides evolved specific characters including an anchor system with stolons, which have asymmetric structures, sclerenchyma and they form adhesive trichomes on the ventral side. This anchor stolon system performs additional multiple functions including photosynthesis, nutrient storage, vegetative reproduction. In contrast with typical aquatic Utricularia species from the section Utricularia growing in standing waters, U. neottioides stems have a well-developed sclerenchyma system lacking large gas spaces. Plants produce numerous traps, so they should still be treated as a fully carnivorous plant. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85071099168,

title = {Flower nectar trichome structure of carnivorous plants from the genus butterworts Pinguicula L. (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { K. Lustofin and P. Świątek and V.F.O. Miranda and B.J. Płachno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071099168&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-019-01433-8&partnerID=40&md5=e0a884f0f50ef452a96a73a47436744a},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-019-01433-8},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {257},

number = {1},

pages = {245-259},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) is a genus comprising around 96 species of herbaceous, carnivorous plants, which are extremely diverse in flower size, colour and spur length and structure as well as pollination strategy. In Pinguicula, nectar is formed in the flower spur; however, there is a gap in the knowledge about the nectary trichome structure in this genus. Our aim was to compare the nectary trichome structure of various Pinguicula species in order to determine whether there are any differences among the species in this genus. The taxa that were sampled were Pinguicula moctezumae, P. moranensis, P. rectifolia, P. emarginata and P. esseriana. We used light microscopy, histochemistry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy to address those aims. We show a conservative nectary trichome structure and spur anatomy in various Mexican Pinguicula species. The gross structural similarities between the examined species were the spur anatomy, the occurrence of papillae, the architecture of the nectary trichomes and the ultrastructure characters of the trichome cells. However, there were some differences in the spur length, the size of spur trichomes, the occurrence of starch grains in the spur parenchyma and the occurrence of cell wall ingrowths in the terminal cells of the nectary trichomes. Similar nectary capitate trichomes, as are described here, were recorded in the spurs of species from other Lentibulariaceae genera. There are many ultrastructural similarities between the cells of nectary trichomes in Pinguicula and Utricularia. © 2019, The Author(s).},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85067399157,

title = {Floral micromorphology and nectar composition of the early evolutionary lineage Utricularia (subgenus Polypompholyx, Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Stpiczyńska and P. Świątek and H. Lambers and G.R. Cawthray and F.J. Nge and S.R. Silva and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067399157&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-019-01401-2&partnerID=40&md5=6a5abce817a731ec5336be789d263a10},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-019-01401-2},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {256},

number = {6},

pages = {1531-1543},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) is a genus comprising around 240 species of herbaceous, carnivorous plants. Utricularia is usually viewed as an insect-pollinated genus, with the exception of a few bird-pollinated species. The bladderworts Utricularia multifida and U. tenella are interesting species because they represent an early evolutionary Utricularia branch and have some unusual morphological characters in their traps and calyx. Thus, our aims were to (i) determine whether the nectar sugar concentrations and composition in U. multifida and U. tenella are similar to those of other Utricularia species from the subgenera Polypompholyx and Utricularia, (ii) compare the nectary structure of U. multifida and U. tenella with those of other Utricularia species, and (iii) determine whether U. multifida and U. tenella use some of their floral trichomes as an alternative food reward for pollinators. We used light microscopy, histochemistry, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy to address those aims. The concentration and composition of nectar sugars were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. In all of the examined species, the floral nectary consisted of a spur bearing glandular trichomes. The spur produced and stored the nectar. We detected hexose-dominated (fructose + glucose) nectar in U. multifida and U. tenella as well as in U. violacea. In both U. multifida and U. tenella, there were trichomes that blocked the entrance into the throat and spur. Because these trichomes were rich in chromoplasts and contained lipid droplets, they may form an additional visual attractant. Bearing in mind the phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus, we suggest that an early ancestor of Utricularia had a nectariferous spur flower with a lower lip that formed a wide landing platform for bee pollinators. © 2019, The Author(s).},

note = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85064228953,

title = {The trap architecture of Utricularia multifida and Utricularia westonii (subg. Polypompholyx)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and L. Adamec and S. Carvalho and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064228953&doi=10.3389%2ffpls.2019.00336&partnerID=40&md5=13af62667c97d3d6352d5680550b52ac},

doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00336},

issn = {1664462X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},

volume = {10},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {Utricularia are carnivorous plants which have small hollow vesicles as suction traps that work underwater by means of negative pressure and watertightness of the entrance for capturing small animal prey. Utricularia multifida and U. westonii have specific thick-walled traps, which are triangular in a transverse section but their functioning is unclear. Some authors suggest that the trap door in U. multifida acts as a simple valve without a suction trapping mechanism. Our main aim was to check the anatomical trap characters that are responsible for possible water outflow and maintaining negative pressure as main functional parts of the active trap suction mechanism in both species. Using different microscopic techniques, we investigated the ultrastructure of external trap glands, quadrifids, glands near the entrance (bifids; monofids), and also pavement epithelium. Quadrifids of both species have a similar structure to those known in other species from the genus, which possess the suction trap mechanism. Glands near the entrance in U. multifida and U. westonii, which are responsible for water pumping in other species, are typically developed as in other species in the genus and have pedestal cells which are transfer cells. The transfer cells also occur in glands of the pavement epithelium, which is again typically developed as in other species in the genus. Simple biophysical tests did not confirm reliably neither the negative underpressure formation in the traps nor the watertightness of the entrance in both species. Our anatomical results indirectly support the hypothesis that both species have suction traps like all other Utricularia species, but the biophysical data rather suggest a passive valve mechanism. © 2019 Płachno, Świątek, Adamec, Carvalho and Miranda.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85064222834,

title = {The structure and occurrence of a velum in Utricularia traps (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and V.F.O. Miranda and P. Stolarczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064222834&doi=10.3389%2ffpls.2019.00302&partnerID=40&md5=5bf7d5e71c621d3167a43a0ee7e6561b},

doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00302},

issn = {1664462X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},

volume = {10},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {Bladderworts (Utricularia; Lentibulariaceae; Lamiales) are carnivorous plants that form small suction traps (bladders) for catching invertebrates. The velum is a cuticle structure that is produced by specialized trichomes of the threshold pavement epithelium. It is believed that the velum together with the mucilage seals the free edge of the trap door and that it is necessary for correct functioning of the trap. However, recently, some authors have questioned the occurrence of a velum in the traps of the Utricularia from the various sections. The main aim of this study was to confirm whether velum occurs in the traps of the Utricularia species from the subgenera Polypompholyx, Bivalvaria, and Utricularia. The 15 species were examined from subg. Polypompholyx, subg. Bivalvaria, and subg. Utricularia. A velum was found in all examined Utricularia species. In the traps of the members of section Pleiochasia, there was an outer velum (forming a complete ring) and an inner velum. In the traps of Utricularia uniflora (Lasiocaules), there was only an inner velum. In these species, the formation of the velum was accompanied by intensive mucilage production, and as a result, when door was closed (set position), the mucilage and the velum touched the surface of the door. In members of both sections of Pleiochasia and Lasiocaules, the pavement epithelium had a more complicated structure (four to five zones) than in the members of the subgenera Bivalvaria and Utricularia in which three distinct zones occurred (an outer with a velum; a middle and an internal with the mucilage trichomes). Even in U. purpurea, where the threshold was a reduced pavement epithelium, it consisted of three functional zones and the presence of a velum. Two main types of velum have been proposed. A velum was present in Utricularia traps regardless of the trap type or the habitat (aquatic; epiphytic; and terrestrial species). We proposed broad definition of velum as cuticle membranes covered by mucilage; from a functional point of view, this definition is more useful and more reflects complexity of this structure. © 2019 Płachno, Świątek, Miranda and Stolarczyk.},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85060600221,

title = {Floral micromorphology of the bird-pollinated carnivorous plant species utricularia menziesii r.br. (lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Stpiczyńska and P. Świątek and H. Lambers and V.F.O. Miranda and F.J. Nge and P. Stolarczyk and G.R. Cawthray},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060600221&doi=10.1093%2faob%2fmcy163&partnerID=40&md5=0222b0e7db0baef603c8b3a6928c5c41},

doi = {10.1093/aob/mcy163},

issn = {03057364},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Botany},

volume = {123},

number = {1},

pages = {213-220},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {• Background and Aims Bird pollination is rare among species in the genus Utricularia, and has evolved independently in two lineages of this genus. In Western Australia, the Western Spinebill, Acanthorhynchus superciliosus, visits flowers of Utricularia menziesii (section Pleiochasia: subgenus Polypompholyx). This study aimed to examine the micromorphology of U. menziesii flowers to assess traits that might be linked to its pollination strategy. • Methods Light microscopy, histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy were used. Nectar sugar composition was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. • Key Results The flowers of U. menziesii fulfil many criteria that characterize bird-pollinated flowers: red colour, a large, tough nectary spur that can withstand contact with a hard beak, lack of visual nectar guides and fragrance. Trichomes at the palate and throat may act as tactile signals. Spur nectary trichomes did not form clearly visible patches, but were more frequently distributed along vascular bundles, and were small and sessile. Each trichome comprised a single basal cell, a unicellular short pedestal cell (barrier cell) and a multicelled head. These trichomes were much smaller than those of the U. vulgaris allies. Hexose-dominated nectar was detected in flower spurs. Fructose and glucose were present in equal quantities (43 ± 3.6 and 42 ± 3.6 g L-1). Sucrose was only detected in one sample, essentially at the limit of detection for the method used. This type of nectar is common in flowers pollinated by passerine perching birds. • Conclusions The architecture of nectary trichomes in U. menziesii was similar to that of capitate trichomes of insect-pollinated species in this genus; thus, the most important specializations to bird pollination were flower colour (red), and both spur shape and size modification. Bird pollination is probably a recent innovation in the genus Utricularia, subgenus Polypompholyx, and is likely to have evolved from bee-pollinated ancestors. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85045075134,

title = {Nectar trichome structure of aquatic bladderworts from the section Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) with observation of flower visitors and pollinators},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Stpiczyńska and L. Adamec and V.F.O. Miranda and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045075134&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-018-1216-2&partnerID=40&md5=c3bf4d33d2bed3f1634472b0a76d26de},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-018-1216-2},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {255},

number = {4},

pages = {1053-1064},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {In Utricularia, the flower spur is a nectary and in this organ, nectar is produced and stored. This study aimed to examine the structure of the nectary trichomes in four Utricularia species (Utricularia vulgaris L.; U. australis R.Br.; U. bremii Heer and U. foliosa L.) from the generic section Utricularia. We have investigated whether species with different spur morphology had similar spur anatomy and nectary trichome structure. In Utricularia flowers, nectar is produced by spur capitate trichomes (sessile or stalked). Our results showed that regardless of the various spur morphology, trichomes have similar architecture and ultrastructure. Head cells of these trichomes are transfer cells with an eccrine nectar secretion. Examined species differed in the micromorphology of papillae in spurs. The fly Eristalis tenax was found to be a pollinator of U. vulgaris. Small Halictidae bees seem to be pollinators of U. foliosa. © 2018, The Author(s).},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85042113848,

title = {Flower palate ultrastructure of the carnivorous plant Genlisea hispidula Stapf with remarks on the structure and function of the palate in the subgenus Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and M. Stpiczyńska and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042113848&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-018-1220-6&partnerID=40&md5=688167a0767deb67cc0ae554a08cfe71},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-018-1220-6},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {255},

number = {4},

pages = {1139-1146},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {In the genus Genlisea as well as in its sister genus Utricularia, the palate probably plays a key role in providing the colour, mechanical and olfactory stimuli to attract insect pollinators and to guide them to the generative structures and the nectary spur. However, information about the micro-morphology of the palate of Genlisea is scarce. This study aims to examine the structure of the palate in Genlisea hispidula in detail as well as the palate from other five species from the subgenus Genlisea. In particular, its aim is to ascertain whether these palates function as an area for the osmophores in the flower or whether they produce nectar. We showed that the palate in all of the species that were examined was the glandular type and that it had capitate, glandular trichomes, which had a similar general architecture across the species that were examined. No nectar secretion was observed on the palates. The ultrastructure of the palate trichomes showed that the palate glandular trichomes most probably function as scent glands that produce an olfactory stimulus for flower pollinators. © 2018, The Author(s).},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85048587002,

title = {Septal-pore-associated structures of Hysterangium clathroides and Hysterangium nephriticum (Hysterangiales, basidiomycota, fungi)},

author = { P. Mleczko and B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048587002&doi=10.11646%2fphytotaxa.348.2.12&partnerID=40&md5=d17a0f95233c07f3896b0efdef3269fc},

doi = {10.11646/phytotaxa.348.2.12},

issn = {11793155},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Phytotaxa},

volume = {348},

number = {2},

pages = {159-161},

publisher = {Magnolia Press},

abstract = {[No abstract available]},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85035315387,

title = {Serial block face SEM visualization of unusual plant nuclear tubular extensions in a carnivorous plant (Utricularia, Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and R.W. Jobson and K. Małota and W. Brutkowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85035315387&doi=10.1093%2faob%2fmcx042&partnerID=40&md5=ce5c0b0067e145c6fc0f0512ac091e75},

doi = {10.1093/aob/mcx042},

issn = {03057364},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Botany},

volume = {120},

number = {5},

pages = {673-680},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {•Background and Aims In Utricularia nelumbifolia, the nuclei of placental nutritive tissue possess unusually shaped projections not known to occur in any other flowering plant. The main aim of the study was to document the morphology and ultrastructure of these unusual nuclei. In addition, the literature was searched to find examples of nuclear tubular projections in other plant groups, and the nuclei of closely related species of Utricularia (i.e. sects Iperua, Orchidioides, Foliosa and Utricularia) were examined. • Methods To visualize the complexity of the nuclear structures, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used, and 3-D ultrastructural reconstructions were made using the serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) technique. The nuclei of 11 Utricularia species, i.e. U. nelumbifolia, U. reniformis, U. cornigera, U. nephrophylla (sect. Iperua), U. asplundii, U. alpina, U. quelchii (sect. Orchidioides), U. longifolia (sect. Foliosa), U. intermedia, U. minor and U. gibba (sect. Utricularia) were examined. • Key Results Of the 11 Utricularia species examined, the spindle-like tubular projections (approx. 5 μm long) emanating from resident nuclei located in placental nutritive tissues were observed only in U. nelumbifolia. These tubular nuclear extensions contained chromatin distributed along hexagonally shaped tubules. The apices of the projections extended into the cell plasma membrane, and in many cases also made contact at the two opposing cellular poles, and with plasmodesmata via a short cisterna of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum. Images from the SBEM provide some evidence that the nuclear projections are making contact with those of neighbouring cells. • Conclusions The term chromatubules (chromatin-filled tubules) for the nuclear projections of U. nelumbifolia placental tissue was proposed here. Due to the apparent association with the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata, it was also speculated that chromatubules are involved in nucleus-cell-cell communication. However, further experimental evidence is required before any functional hypothesis can be entertained. ©The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85019243924,

title = {Integument cell gelatinisation—the fate of the integumentary cells in Hieracium and Pilosella (Asteraceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno and Z. Szeląg and P. Stolarczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019243924&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-017-1120-1&partnerID=40&md5=cff35ba1049c3c9493c7ffb5986600ee},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-017-1120-1},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {254},

number = {6},

pages = {2287-2294},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Members of the genera Hieracium and Pilosella are model plants that are used to study the mechanisms of apomixis. In order to have a proper understanding of apomixis, knowledge about the relationship between the maternal tissue and the gametophyte is needed. In the genus Pilosella, previous authors have described the specific process of the “liquefaction” of the integument cells that surround the embryo sac. However, these observations were based on data only at the light microscopy level. The main aim of our paper was to investigate the changes in the integument cells at the ultrastructural level in Pilosella officinarum and Hieracium alpinum. We found that the integument peri-endothelial zone in both species consisted of mucilage cells. The mucilage was deposited as a thick layer between the plasma membrane and the cell wall. The mucilage pushed the protoplast to the centre of the cell, and cytoplasmic bridges connected the protoplast to the plasmodesmata through the mucilage layers. Moreover, an elongation of the plasmodesmata was observed in the mucilage cells. The protoplasts had an irregular shape and were finally degenerated. After the cell wall breakdown of the mucilage cells, lysigenous cavities that were filled with mucilage were formed. © 2017, The Author(s).},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85021080947,

title = {Vascular tissue in traps of Australian carnivorous bladderworts (Utricularia) of the subgenus Polypompholyx},

author = { B.J. Płachno and I. Kamińska and L. Adamec and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021080947&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquabot.2017.06.003&partnerID=40&md5=0105330fe9d0646d7239e8fcaaa7e368},

doi = {10.1016/j.aquabot.2017.06.003},

issn = {03043770},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Aquatic Botany},

volume = {142},

pages = {25-31},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Utricularia (bladderworts) are rootless carnivorous plants forming small suction traps which are hollow discoid bladders. There is some controversy surrounding the understanding of trap vascularization in Utricularia species and most of the knowledge in the literature is based on aquatic Utricularia from section Utricularia. In this study, we investigated trap vascularization in 9 Utricularia species or clones from the subgenus Polypompholyx using several light microscopy staining techniques. Both xylem and phloem elements were found in the traps of all investigated species or clones. The pattern of trap vascular bundles from the subgenus Polypompholyx was similar to that reported for subgenus Bivalvaria, but different from that of aquatic U. vulgaris from the subgenus Utricularia. The system of trap vascularization in the members of the subgenus Polypompholyx was different from that found in the traps of Genlisea, which is a closely related genus (both Lentibulariaceae). The structure of trap vascular bundles was, however, similar in Genlisea and Polypompholyx. Possible utilization of xylem elements in Utricularia traps is discussed. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.},

note = {6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-85015067329,

title = {Flower palate structure of the aquatic bladderworts Utricularia bremii Heer and U. minor L. from section Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Stpiczyńska and Ł. Krajewski and P. Świątek and L. Adamec and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015067329&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-017-1097-9&partnerID=40&md5=39eed527cbd42d3e4cc49ef5b5c75679},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-017-1097-9},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {254},

number = {5},

pages = {2007-2015},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {There is an enormous diversity in the structure of the flower palate of the carnivorous rootless genus Utricularia. This study aims to examine the structure of the palates in Utricularia bremii Heer and U. minor L of the Utricularia sect. Utricularia, which have a glandular palate type. In both species, the palate has only one type of glandular trichomes. Because of the occurrence of cell wall ingrowths in its glandular cells, any exudation may be transported via eccrinous secretion. It was proposed that the palate trichomes of the examined species act as scent glands and that the palate may play a role as an unguentarium. Both U. bremii and U. minor are of an open flower type. Thus, U. bremii and U. minor flowers can be penetrated by small, weak insects, which then easily have access to their generative structure. Small Hymenoptera (member of families Mymaridae and Braconidae) were observed as flower visitors of the male-sterile species Utricularia bremii. © 2017, The Author(s).},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84997241523,

title = {Identification of symplasmic domains in the embryo and seed of Sedum acre L. (Crassulaceae)},

author = { J. Wróbel-Marek and E.U. Kurczyńska and B.J. Płachno and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84997241523&doi=10.1007%2fs00425-016-2619-y&partnerID=40&md5=2a690116fd6fb77c5f461a1f69c931fd},

doi = {10.1007/s00425-016-2619-y},

issn = {00320935},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Planta},

volume = {245},

number = {3},

pages = {491-505},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {Main conclusion: Our study demonstrated that symplasmic communication betweenSedum acreseed compartments and the embryo proper is not uniform. The presence of plasmodesmata (PD) constitutes the structural basis for information exchange between cells, and symplasmic communication is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation and plant development. Most recent studies concerning an analysis of symplasmic communication between seed compartments and the embryo have been predominantly performed on Arabidopsis thaliana. The results presented in this paper describe the analysis of symplasmic communication on the example of Sedum acre seeds, because the ultrastructure of the seed compartments and the embryo proper, including the PD, have already been described, and this species represents an embryonic type of development different to Arabidopsis. Moreover, in this species, an unusual electron-dense dome associated with plasmodesmata on the border between the basal cell/chalazal suspensor cells and the basal cell/the endosperm has been described. This prompted the question as to whether these plasmodesmata are functional. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the movement of symplasmic transport fluorochromes between different Sedum seed compartments, with particular emphasis on the movement between the basal cell and the embryo proper and endosperm, to answer the following questions: (1) are seeds divided into symplasmic domains; (2) if so, are they stable or do they change with the development? The results have shown that symplasmic tracers movement: (a) from the external integument to internal integument is restricted; (b) from the basal cell to the other part of the embryo proper and from the basal cell to the endosperm is also restricted; (c) the embryo is a single symplasmic domain with respect to molecules of a molecular weight below 0.5 kDa. © 2016, The Author(s).},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84966421090,

title = {Immunodetection of some pectic, arabinogalactan proteins and hemicellulose epitopes in the micropylar transmitting tissue of apomictic dandelions (Taraxacum, Asteraceae, Lactuceae)},

author = { R. Gawecki and K. Sala and E.U. Kurczyńska and P. Świątek and B.J. Płachno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84966421090&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-016-0980-0&partnerID=40&md5=5294556454d52366eb2f810219227c05},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-016-0980-0},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {254},

number = {2},

pages = {657-668},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {In apomictic Taraxacum species, the development of both the embryo and the endosperm does not require double fertilisation. However, a structural reduction of ovular transmitting tissue was not observed in apomictic dandelions. The aim of this study was to analyse the chemical composition of the cell walls to describe the presence of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), hemicellulose and some pectic epitopes in the micropylar transmitting tissue of apomictic Taraxacum. The results point to (1) the similar distribution of AGPs in different developmental stages, (2) the absence of highly methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (HG) in transmitting tissue of ovule containing a mature embryo sac and the appearance of this pectin domain in the young seed containing the embryo and endosperm, (3) the similar pattern of low methyl-esterified pectin occurrence in both an ovule and a young seed with an embryo and endosperm in apomictic Taraxacum and (4) the presence of hemicelluloses recognised by LM25 and LM21 antibodies in the reproductive structure of Taraxacum. © 2016, The Author(s).},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84960126091,

title = {Floral ultrastructure of two Brazilian aquatic-epiphytic bladderworts: Utricularia cornigera Studnička and U. nelumbifolia Gardner (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Stpiczyńska and K.L. Davies and P. Świątek and V.F.O. Miranda},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960126091&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-016-0956-0&partnerID=40&md5=caa89d0443db71633a1591b35d3ce530},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-016-0956-0},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {254},

number = {1},

pages = {353-366},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Utricularia cornigera and Utricularia nelumbifolia are giant, aquatic-epiphytic species of carnivorous bladderwort from southeastern Brazil that grow in the central ‘urns’ of bromeliads. Both species have large, colourful flowers. The main aim of our study is to ascertain whether the prominent floral palate of U. cornigera and U. nelumbifolia functions as an unguentarius—i.e. an organ that bears osmophores. Floral tissues of both species were investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and histochemistry. Floral palates of U. cornigera and U. nelumbifolia provide clear visual signals for pollinating insects. In both species, the palate possesses diverse micro-morphology, comprising unicellular, conical to villiform papillae and multicellular, uniseriate, glandular trichomes that frequently display terminal branching. The most characteristic ultrastructural feature of these papillae was the presence of relatively large, polymorphic plastids (chromoplasts) containing many plastoglobuli. Similar plastids are known to occur in the fragrance-producing (osmophores) and oil-producing (elaiophores) tissues of several orchid species. Thus, these palate papillae may play a key role in providing the olfactory stimulus for the attraction of insect pollinators. Nectariferous trichomes were observed in the floral spurs of both species, and in U. nelumbifolia, free nectar was also recorded. The location, micro-morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of the floral palate of the two species investigated may thus indicate that the palate functions as an unguentarius. Furthermore, the flowers of these taxa, like those of U. reniformis, have features consistent with bee pollination. © 2016, The Author(s).},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84945278050,

title = {Floral micromorphology of the Australian carnivorous bladderwort Utricularia dunlopii, a putative pseudocopulatory species},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Stpiczyńska and P. Świątek and K.L. Davies},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84945278050&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-015-0900-8&partnerID=40&md5=b5049e98082e5ffc70378ecee3cb4478},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-015-0900-8},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {253},

number = {6},

pages = {1463-1473},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Flowers of sexually deceptive taxa generally possess a set of morphological and physiological characters that mimic their insect pollinators. These characters often include a specific insect-like floral configuration, together with scent glands (osmophores) that produce fragrances which chemically resemble insect sex pheromones. Furthermore, these flowers tend not to produce pollinator food rewards. According to some authors, flowers of the Australian bladderwort Utricularia dunlopii (and species of the Utricularia capilliflora complex) resemble insects, and pollination perhaps occurs by pseudocopulation. The aims of this paper are to compare the structure and distribution of floral glandular trichomes in the Australian carnivorous plant U. dunlopii with those of closely related species assigned to the same section and to discuss their putative function. Floral tissues of U. dunlopii P. Taylor, Utricularia paulinae Lowrie, Utricularia dichotoma Labill. and Utricularia uniflora R.Br. (section Pleiochasia) were investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and histochemistry. In U. dunlopii, two long, erect, filiform appendages arising from the upper lip of the corolla, together with three arising from the lower lip, bear numerous glandular trichomes that may function as osmophores. In other species, such as U. uniflora and U. paulinae, glandular papillae on the corolla palate may also function as osmophores. The floral anatomical and morphological organisation of U. dunlopii differs from that of the other investigated species, indicating that its insect pollinators are also likely to differ. Morphological and ultrastructural observations, while generally contributing to our understanding of the flower of U. dunlopii, do not refute the possibility that pollination here may occur by pseudocopulation. Further field-based investigations, however, are now necessary to test this hypothesis. © 2015, The Author(s).},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84985905491,

title = {Integument cell differentiation in dandelions (Taraxacum, Asteraceae, Lactuceae) with special attention paid to plasmodesmata},

author = { B.J. Płachno and E.U. Kurczyńska and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84985905491&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-015-0894-2&partnerID=40&md5=c6e007e4d6cf72f6ef670feff5d4494d},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-015-0894-2},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {253},

number = {5},

pages = {1365-1372},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {The aim of the paper is to determine what happens with plasmodesmata when mucilage is secreted into the periplasmic space in plant cells. Ultrastructural analysis of the periendothelial zone mucilage cells was performed on examples of the ovule tissues of several sexual and apomictic Taraxacum species. The cytoplasm of the periendothelial zone cells was dense, filled by numerous organelles and profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum and active Golgi dictyosomes with vesicles that contained fibrillar material. At the beginning of the differentiation process of the periendothelial zone, the cells were connected by primary plasmodesmata. However, during the differentiation and the thickening of the cell walls (mucilage deposition), the plasmodesmata become elongated and associated with cytoplasmic bridges. The cytoplasmic bridges may connect the protoplast to the plasmodesmata through the mucilage layers in order to maintain cell-to-cell communication during the differentiation of the periendothelial zone cells. © 2015, The Author(s).},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84957310800,

title = {Germ-line cells do not form syncytial cysts in the ovaries of the basal clitellate annelid Capilloventer australis},

author = { P. Świątek and B.J. Płachno and R. Marchant and S. Gorgoń and M. Krodkiewska and K. Małota and A.Z. Urbisz},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957310800&doi=10.1016%2fj.jcz.2015.12.002&partnerID=40&md5=2d5357896d74db951b3c00c381091acb},

doi = {10.1016/j.jcz.2015.12.002},

issn = {00445231},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger},

volume = {260},

pages = {63-71},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {Capilloventridae are regarded as the putative sister taxon to all other Clitellata. To shed more light on their internal anatomy, we studied the ovary organization and the course of oogenesis in Capilloventer australis. We found that the ovary organization differs substantially from that known in all other clitellate annelids. In contrast to other clitellate annelids, the germ cells in C. australis ovaries develop individually and do not from syncytial cysts. Neither intercellular bridges nor central cytoplasmic mass (cytophore) - structures that are characteristic of gametogenesis in other Clitellata - were found. The paired ovaries of C. australis are located in segment XIII and form chains that are composed of linearly arranged growing germ cells that are covered by a thin envelope of somatic cells. The progression of germ cell development can be observed along the long ovary axis. The ovary tip is occupied by oogonia and below it, previtellogenic and early vitellogenic oocytes occur. Large, vitellogenic oocytes, which are filled with yolk, detach from the ovary and fill the segment lumen. Vitellogenic oocytes are not enveloped by somatic cells. With the exception of the lack of germ-line cyst formation, oogenesis is similar to that found in other Clitellata. It is not clear whether the lack of germ-line cysts is a basal condition for Clitellata that is retained in C. australis or, by contrast, did clitellate annelids inherit a female germ-line cysts from their ancestors and their lack in C. australis is a derived condition? © 2015 Elsevier GmbH.},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84941191232,

title = {Are obligatory apomicts invested in the pollen tube transmitting tissue? Comparison of the micropyle ultrastructure between sexual and apomictic dandelions (Asteraceae, Lactuceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno and Ľ. Majeský and J. Marciniuk and P. Stolarczyk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84941191232&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-015-0765-x&partnerID=40&md5=2a4217859a899cc0b8178c47a8b323b4},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-015-0765-x},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {252},

number = {5},

pages = {1325-1333},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {With the exception of the sunflower, little information concerning the micropyle ultrastructure of the family Asteraceae is available. The aim of our study was to compare the micropyle structure in amphimictic and apomictic dandelions. Ultrastructural studies using buds and flowers during anthesis have been done on the micropyle of the sexual and apomictic Taraxacum. In all of the species that were examined, the micropylar canal was completely filled with ovule transmitting tissue and the matrix that was produced by these cells. The ovule transmitting tissue was connected to the ovarian transmitting tissue. The micropyle was asymmetrical because the integument epidermis that forms the transmitting tissue was only on the funicular side. There was a cuticle between the obturator cells and epidermal cells on the other side of integument. The micropylar transmitting tissue cells and theirs matrix reached the synergid apex. The cytoplasm of the transmitting tissue cells was especially rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), dictyosomes, and mitochondria. No major differences were detected between the micropyle structure of the amphimictic and apomictic species; thus, a structural reduction of obturator does not exist. The ovule transmitting tissue is still active in apomictic dandelions despite the presence of the embryo and endosperm. Differences and similarities between the micropyle structure in the Asteraceae that have been studied to date are discussed. © 2015, The Author(s).},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84919438517,

title = {Cytochemical and ultrastructural aspects of aquatic carnivorous plant turions},

author = { B.J. Płachno and L. Adamec and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno and P. Świątek and I. Kamińska},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919438517&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-014-0646-8&partnerID=40&md5=a78b67d660cca52133a775b26828ce4e},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-014-0646-8},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {251},

number = {6},

pages = {1449-1454},

publisher = {Springer-Verlag Wien},

abstract = {Turions, which are modified shoot apices, are vegetative, dormant overwintering organs produced by perennial aquatic plants. In this study, the turion cytochemistry and ultrastructure of Aldrovanda vesiculosa, Utricularia vulgaris and U. stygia were compared with particular emphasis placed on storage substances. These three aquatic, rootless carnivorous plant species were studied at the end of their winter dormancy. At this stage, the turions of all species had starch as their main storage material. In contrast with A. vesiculosa, Utricularia turions were rich in protein storage vacuoles, and proteins were also accumulated as crystalline inclusions in the nuclei. All examined species accumulated lipid droplets in cells of epidermal glands. © 2014, The Author(s).},

note = {12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84908469233,

title = {Diversity of features of the female reproductive system and other morphological characters in leeches (Citellata, Hirudinida) in phylogenetic conception},

author = { A. Bielecki and P. Świątek and J.M. Cichocka and M.E. Siddall and A.Z. Urbisz and B.J. Płachno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908469233&doi=10.1111%2fcla.12058&partnerID=40&md5=2b2c1f80355e42f8028f9fa460e2955e},

doi = {10.1111/cla.12058},

issn = {07483007},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Cladistics},

volume = {30},

number = {5},

pages = {540-554},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Inc.},

abstract = {An epistemological-evolutionary conception of leeches (Hirudinida) based on features of the female reproductive system in combination with other morphological characters is presented in the spirit of the cladistic school of taxonomy. Characters relating to the structure of the ovary and the course of oogenesis in leeches were interpreted in this manner, for the first time. Each study was conducted on type species of higher taxonomic groups of true leeches. Results of analyses using features of the reproductive system only as well as in combination with other morphological characters show Piscicolidae and Glossiphoniidae as sister clades making Rhynchobdellida a monophyletic group. Also, Hirudiniformes and Erpobdelliformes appeared to be sister clades within Arhynchobdellida. The relationship between the outgroup specimens and leeches remained unresolved, because both Acanthobdella peledina and branchiobdellidans appeared to be in an equivocal relationship to hirudinidans. Characters concerning the structure of the female reproductive system and course of oogenesis thus appeared to be useful, although conservative, for reconstruction of leech phylogeny, and they well reflect phylogenetic relationships of Hirudinida at the family level. © The Willi Hennig Society 2013.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84898052273,

title = {New data about the functional morphology of the chaetiferous leech-like annelids Acanthobdella peledina (Grube, 1851) and Paracanthobdella livanowi (Epshtein, 1966) (Clitellata, Acanthobdellida)},

author = { A. Bielecki and J.M. Cichocka and I. Jeleń and P. Świątek and B.J. Płachno and D. Pikuła},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898052273&doi=10.1002%2fjmor.20235&partnerID=40&md5=0e68968fb60d04e953a26a055ce70169},

doi = {10.1002/jmor.20235},

issn = {03622525},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Morphology},

volume = {275},

number = {5},

pages = {528-539},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc.},

abstract = {Approximately 130 individuals of Acanthobdella peledina and 100 individuals of Paracanthobdella livanowi were studied. Morphometric measurements were taken to explore the body form. The digestive and the reproductive systems of leech-like annelids were analyzed for the first time in such a high number of specimens. Observation of A. peledina and P. livanowi revealed crucial differences in the reproductive system of the analyzed taxa, mostly regarding variation in the shape of the testisacs and the length of the ovisacs. The results of a digestive system analysis suggest that blood-sucking parasites of the order Acanthobdellida may also lead a predatory lifestyle. The presented findings support the taxonomic division of the order Acanthobdellida into the families Acanthobdellidae and Paracanthobdellidae. Multiple similarities between Acanthobdellida and Hirudinida were also discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84892509076,

title = {Synergids and filiform apparatus in the sexual and apomictic dandelions from section Palustria (Taraxacum, Asteraceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and K. Musiał and P. Świątek and M. Tuleja and J. Marciniuk and A. Grabowska-Joachimiak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892509076&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-013-0539-2&partnerID=40&md5=2e936fb2109b05db47821bab36a653c4},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-013-0539-2},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {251},

number = {1},

pages = {211-217},

abstract = {An evolutionary trend to reduce "unnecessary costs" associated with the sexual reproduction of their amphimictic ancestors, which may result in greater reproductive success, has been observed among the obligatory apomicts. However, in the case of the female gametophyte, knowledge about this trend in apomicts is not sufficient because most of the ultrastructural studies of the female gametophyte have dealt with amphimictic angiosperms. In this paper, we tested the hypothesis that, in contrast to amphimictic plants, synergids in apomictic embryo sacs do not form a filiform apparatus. We compared the synergid structure in two dandelions from sect. Palustria: the amphimictic diploid Taraxacum tenuifolium and the apomictic tetraploid, male-sterile Taraxacum brandenburgicum. Synergids in both species possessed a filiform apparatus. In T. brandenburgicum, both synergids persisted for a long time without any degeneration, in spite of the presence of an embryo and endosperm. We propose that the persistent synergids in apomicts may play a role in the transport of nutrients to the embryo. © 2013 The Author(s).},

note = {11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84881028442,

title = {Organisation of the endosperm and endosperm-placenta syncytia in bladderworts (Utricularia, Lentibulariaceae) with emphasis on the microtubule arrangement},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and H. Sas-Nowosielska and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881028442&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-012-0468-5&partnerID=40&md5=3df3a0ec375ee40bf351f9a49ca5ddc9},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-012-0468-5},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {250},

number = {4},

pages = {863-873},

abstract = {Multinucleate cells play an important role in higher plants, especially during reproduction; however, the configurations of their cytoskeletons, which are formed as a result of mitosis without cytokinesis, have mainly been studied in coenocytes. Previous authors have proposed that in spite of their developmental origin (cell fusion or mitosis without cytokinesis), in multinucleate plant cells, radiating microtubules determine the regular spacing of individual nuclei. However, with the exception of specific syncytia induced by parasitic nematodes, there is no information about the microtubular cytoskeleton in plant heterokaryotic syncytia, i.e. when the nuclei of fused cells come from different cell pools. In this paper, we describe the arrangement of microtubules in the endosperm and special endosperm-placenta syncytia in two Utricularia species. These syncytia arise from different progenitor cells, i.e. cells of the maternal sporophytic nutritive tissue and the micropylar endosperm haustorium (both maternal and paternal genetic material). The development of the endosperm in the two species studied was very similar. We describe microtubule configurations in the three functional endosperm domains: the micropylar syncytium, the endosperm proper and the chalazal haustorium. In contrast to plant syncytia that are induced by parasitic nematodes, the syncytia of Utricularia had an extensive microtubular network. Within each syncytium, two giant nuclei, coming from endosperm cells, were surrounded by a three-dimensional cage of microtubules, which formed a huge cytoplasmic domain. At the periphery of the syncytium, where new protoplasts of the nutritive cells join the syncytium, the microtubules formed a network which surrounded small nuclei from nutritive tissue cells and were also distributed through the cytoplasm. Thus, in the Utricularia syncytium, there were different sized cytoplasmic domains, whose architecture depended on the source and size of the nuclei. The endosperm proper was isolated from maternal (ovule) tissues by a cuticle layer, so the syncytium and chalazal haustorium were the only way for nutrients to be transported from the maternal tissue towards the developing embryo. © 2012 The Author(s).},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84878010897,

title = {Anatomy of ovary and ovule in dandelions (Taraxacum, Asteraceae)},

author = { K. Musiał and B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and J. Marciniuk},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878010897&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-012-0455-x&partnerID=40&md5=7154362c7deafdcc92959de8d3f56864},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-012-0455-x},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {250},

number = {3},

pages = {715-722},

abstract = {The genus Taraxacum Wigg. (Asteraceae) forms a polyploid complex within which there are strong links between the ploidy level and the mode of reproduction. Diploids are obligate sexual, whereas polyploids are usually apomictic. The paper reports on a comparative study of the ovary and especially the ovule anatomy in the diploid dandelion T. linearisquameum and the triploid T. gentile. Observations with light and electron microscopy revealed no essential differences in the anatomy of both the ovary and ovule in the examined species. Dandelion ovules are anatropous, unitegmic and tenuinucellate. In both sexual and apomictic species, a zonal differentiation of the integument is characteristic of the ovule. In the integumentary layers situated next to the endothelium, the cell walls are extremely thick and PAS positive. Data obtained from TEM indicate that these special walls have an open spongy structure and their cytoplasm shows evidence of gradual degeneration. Increased deposition of wall material in the integumentary cells surrounding the endothelium takes place especially around the chalazal pole of the embryo sac as well as around the central cell. In contrast, the integumentary cells surrounding the micropylar region have thin walls and exhibit a high metabolic activity. The role of the thick-walled integumentary layers in the dandelion ovule is discussed. We also consider whether this may be a feature of taxonomic importance. © 2012 The Author(s).},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84868524619,

title = {A comparative morphology of the male genitalia of Aphididae (Insecta, Hemiptera): Part 2},

author = { K. Wieczorek and B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868524619&doi=10.1007%2fs00435-012-0163-2&partnerID=40&md5=6008c926297a3e2f847315a0d18b0dd3},

doi = {10.1007/s00435-012-0163-2},

issn = {0720213X},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Zoomorphology},

volume = {131},

number = {4},

pages = {303-324},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {The present study provides new data related to the morphology of the male genitalia of Aphididae. The structure of the male genitalia of 39 species from 23 genera of Aphididae was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. In the species studied, the genitalia of males consist of a phallus composed of the sclerotized basal part with its articulation and a membranous apical part-an aedeagus as well as parameres. This state probably represents the hypothetical plesiomorphic condition of the external male genitalia of aphids. According to the results of the present study, the male genitalia vary among subfamilies (the most varied in Lachninae). Both the phallus and parameres show great variability in their form and the number of setae and may provide characters of taxonomic and diagnostic importance. The shape, size, and modification of parameres are considered in conjunction with the phylogenetic relationships among the studied taxa. Compared with Lachninae, Greenideinae, Aiceoninae, the external genitalia of Aphidinae are less specialized, having many features in common with those of drepanosiphine aphids and differing little from the hypothetical condition. In dwarfish males of Anoeciinae, Thelaxinae, Hormaphidinae, and Eriosomatinae, the miniaturization of the body size affects on the modification of genitalia, mostly parameres. However, the homology of non-modified and modified structures of parameres is not clear. © 2012 The Author(s).},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84862666353,

title = {Actin cytoskeleton in the extra-ovular embryo sac of Utricularia nelumbifolia (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862666353&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-011-0306-1&partnerID=40&md5=f51ed1e4ccee3089100aeafe381ca612},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-011-0306-1},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {249},

number = {3},

pages = {663-670},

abstract = {The actin cytoskeleton in the mature female gametophyte of angiosperms has been examined in only a few dicot and monocot species. The main purposes of this study were to identify how the actin cytoskeleton is arranged in the mature extra-ovular embryo sac in Utricularia nelumbifolia (Lentibulariaceae). We found that the extra-ovular part of the central cell has a well-developed actin cytoskeleton: actin microfilaments formed of long strands which run longitudinally or transversally to the long axis of the embryo sac. The exerted part of the central cell, which is exposed to the environment of the ovary chamber, is highly vacuolated and in the thin peripheral cytoplasm possesses a complicated network of actin microfilaments. The epidermal cells of the placenta that are in contact with the extra-ovular part of the embryo sac are crushed. The ultrastructure data of these cells are presented. We detected the accumulation of the actin cytoskeleton between the micropylar parts of the synergids and the extra-ovular part of central cell. This actin accumulation is unusual because in typical angiosperms the micropylar parts of the synergids form the apex of the female gametophyte. © 2011 The Author(s).},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-84857029800,

title = {Ovary architecture of two branchiobdellid species and Acanthobdella peledina (Annelida, Clitellata)},

author = { P. Świątek and A.Z. Urbisz and W. Strużyński and B.J. Płachno and A. Bielecki and S. Cios and E. Salonen and J. Klag},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857029800&doi=10.1016%2fj.jcz.2011.08.001&partnerID=40&md5=08e6386d462187c116572001d31dec15},

doi = {10.1016/j.jcz.2011.08.001},

issn = {00445231},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger},

volume = {251},

number = {1},

pages = {71-82},

publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},

abstract = {The aim of this study was to present data about ovary organization and oogenesis in two small groups of clitellate annelids, i.e. in representatives of Acanthobdellida (Acanthobdella peledina) and Branchiobdellida (Branchiobdella pentodonta and Branchiobdella parasitica), and to compare them to ovaries known from true leeches and oligochaetous clitellates. In A. peledina, the ovaries have the form of elongated cords, termed ovary cords, and are enveloped by coelomic sacs, the so-called ovisacs. The ovisacs are paired and each one contains only one ovary cord. The morphology and structure of the ovary cords depend on the maturity level of the animal. In young specimens the ovary cords are short and contain mainly oogonial cells and germ cells entering meiosis. Oogonia divide mitotically without full cytokineses, and as a result germ-line cysts are formed. As the animals grow, the cords become more elongated and the germ cells within the cords differentiate into nurse cells and oocytes. Oocytes gather cell organelles and, finally, detach from the ovary cord and float freely in the ovisac lumen.In both examined branchiobdellidans the ovaries are also paired. They are short and conical and are not enclosed within ovisacs. The narrow end of each ovary is connected to the intersegmental septum via a ligament, whereas the outermost (broad) end of the ovary extends freely into the coelom. The ovaries are polarized. Their narrow ends contain oogonia, whereas nurse cells and growing oocytes, gradually projecting from the ovary, can be found in their middle and outermost parts. Early vitellogenic oocytes detach from the ovary and float freely in the coelom.In all of the species studied, the ovaries are made up of germ-line cysts associated with somatic (follicular) cells. The architecture of a germ-line cyst is exactly the same as in other clitellate annelids that have been studied to date. Each germ cell in a cyst has one stable cytoplasmic bridge connecting it with a central anuclear cytoplasmic mass, a cytophore. The fate of germ cells constituting cysts is diverse. The majority of the cells withdraw from meiosis and become nurse cells; only a few continue meiosis, grow and become oocytes. The meroistic mode of oogenesis is suggested. We suggest also that the formation of germ-line cysts and ovary meroism should be regarded as basal conditions for all Clitellata. The occurrence of ovisacs enveloping the ovaries in A. peledina and Hirudinida is regarded as a synapomorphy of both groups, whereas ovaries found in B. pentodonta and B. parasitica have no ovisacs and resemble ovaries described in Oligochaeta sensu stricto. © 2011 Elsevier GmbH.},

note = {26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79960234694,

title = {The F-actin cytoskeleton in syncytia from non-clonal progenitor cells},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960234694&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-010-0209-6&partnerID=40&md5=ee4c6bf5a3988b462f60c1c7c9f072ca},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-010-0209-6},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {248},

number = {3},

pages = {623-629},

abstract = {The actin cytoskeleton of plant syncytia (a multinucleate cell arising through fusion) is poorly known: to date, there have only been reports about F-actin organization in plant syncytia induced by parasitic nematodes. To broaden knowledge regarding this issue, we analyzed F-actin organization in special heterokaryotic Utricularia syncytia, which arise from maternal sporophytic tissues and endosperm haustoria. In contrast to plant syncytia induced by parasitic nematodes, the syncytia of Utricularia have an extensive F-actin network. Abundant F-actin cytoskeleton occurs both in the region where cell walls are digested and the protoplast of nutritive tissue cells fuse with the syncytium and also near a giant amoeboid in the shape nuclei in the central part of the syncytium. An explanation for the presence of an extensive F-actin network and especially F-actin bundles in the syncytia is probably that it is involved in the movement of nuclei and other organelles and also the transport of nutrients in these physiological activity organs which are necessary for the development of embryos in these unique carnivorous plants. We observed that in Utricularia nutritive tissue cells, actin forms a randomly arranged network of F-actin, and later in syncytium, two patterns of F-actin were observed, one characteristic for nutritive cells and second-actin bundles-characteristic for haustoria and suspensors, thus syncytia inherit their F-actin patterns from their progenitors. © 2010 The Author(s).},

note = {9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-79953237344,

title = {Syncytia in plants: Cell fusion in endosperm-placental syncytium formation in Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953237344&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-010-0173-1&partnerID=40&md5=d31bbe0cf05f5efce41dd73198cc301e},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-010-0173-1},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {248},

number = {2},

pages = {425-435},

abstract = {The syncytium formed by Utricularia is extremely unusual and perhaps unique among angiosperm syncytia. All typical plant syncytia (articulated laticifers; amoeboid tapetum; the nucellar plasmodium of river weeds) are formed only by fusion of sporophytic cells which possess the same genetic material, unlike Utricularia in which the syncytium possesses nuclei from two different sources: cells of maternal sporophytic nutritive tissue and endosperm haustorium (both maternal and paternal genetic material). How is this kind of syncytium formed and organized and is it similar to other plant syncytial structures? We used light and electron microscopy to reconstruct the step-by-step development of the Utricularia syncytia. The syncytia of Utricularia developed through heterotypic cell fusion involving the digestion of the cell wall, and finally, heterokaryotic multinucleate structures were formed, which possessed different-sized nuclei that were not regularly arranged in the cytoplasm. We showed that these syncytia were characterized by hypertrophy of nuclei, abundant endoplasmic reticulum and organelles, and the occurrence of wall ingrowths. All these characters testify to high activity and may confirm the nutritive and transport functions of the syncytium for the developing embryo. In Utricularia, the formation of the syncytium provides an economical way to redistribute cell components and release nutrients from the digested cell walls, which can now be used for the embryo, and finally to create a large surface for the exchange of nutrients between the placenta and endosperm. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.},

note = {13},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-80955144205,

title = {Comparative morphology of the male genitalia of Aphididae (Insecta, Hemiptera): Part 1},

author = { K. Wieczorek and B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80955144205&doi=10.1007%2fs00435-011-0134-z&partnerID=40&md5=7d4f0f71dc8235f86b886a5715d71ee1},

doi = {10.1007/s00435-011-0134-z},

issn = {0720213X},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Zoomorphology},

volume = {130},

number = {4},

pages = {289-303},

publisher = {Springer Verlag},

abstract = {The present study provides new data concerning the morphology of the male genitalia of Aphididae and unifies their nomenclature. The structure of the male genitalia of 31 species from 26 genera of Aphididae was studied with light and scanning electron microscopy. In the studied species, the genitalia of males consist of a phallus composed of the sclerotized basal part with its articulation and a membranous apical part-an aedeagus. Laterally of the phallus, there is a pair of setose parameres. The shape of the aedeagus, the shape and length of the sclerotized basal part and its articulation as well as the variability of parameres in their form and the number of setae are recognized as important systematic signs of the genitalia. These characters are considered in conjunction with the phylogenetic relationships among the studied taxa. © 2011 The Author(s).},

note = {25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77949267117,

title = {Unusual embryo structure in viviparous Utricularia nelumbifolia, with remarks on embryo evolution in genus Utricularia},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77949267117&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-009-0084-1&partnerID=40&md5=b1fece377c879889812fecb197d2a45f},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-009-0084-1},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {239},

number = {1-4},

pages = {69-80},

abstract = {In most species of the Genlisea-Utricularia sister lineage, the organs arising directly after germination comprise a single leaf-like structure, followed by a bladder-trap/stolon, with the lack of an embryonic primary root considered a synapomorphic character. Previous anatomical work suggests that the most common recent ancestor of Utricularia possessed an embryo comprising storage tissue and a meristematic apical region minus lateral organs. Studies of embryogenesis across the Utricularia lineage suggest that multiple primary organs have only evolved in the viviparous Utricularia nelumbifolia, Utricularia reniformis, and Utricularia humboldtii within the derived Iperua/Orchidioides clade. All three of these species are specialized for growth as "aquatic epiphytes" in the tanks of bromeliads, with recent phylogenetic evidence suggesting the possibility that multiple primary organs may have evolved twice independently within this clade. The primary organs of viviparous Utricularia also possess epidermal surface glands, and our study suggests that these may function as root hairs for uptake of solutes from the external environment-a possible adaptation for the "aquatic-epiphytic" habitat. © Springer-Verlag 2009.},

note = {31},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-75149143840,

title = {Can a stench be beautiful? - Osmophores in stem-succulent stapeliads (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae-Stapeliinae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and G. Szymczak},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-75149143840&doi=10.1016%2fj.flora.2009.01.002&partnerID=40&md5=eb94d1dc4ec135a3a4e3ac7dd8dde5c4},

doi = {10.1016/j.flora.2009.01.002},

issn = {03672530},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants},

volume = {205},

number = {2},

pages = {101-105},

abstract = {Carrion flower stapeliads are examples of olfactory mimicry, forming sapromyiophilous flowers, which mimic food sources or oviposition sites to attract fly pollinators. The aim of this work was to investigate the ultrastructure of osmophores involved in the release of the carrion odor of Orbea variegata and Boucerosia indica flowers. In spite of their similar architecture (epidermal epithelium+subepidermal secretory layers), the osmophores of stapeliads feature some differences in morphology and ultrastructure. The epidermal epithelial cells of O. variegata and B. indica differ in shape, but both are extremely rich in endoplasmic reticulum and flocculent material in the vacuole. Unlike the Orbea, Boucerosia has starchless leucoplasts in the epidermal epithelium. Orbea features a cuticle with microchannels, while Boucerosia has a different mechanism for the pathway of scent substances to the cell exterior. They are released by rupturing of the outer layer of cuticle at the apex of the papillae. The epidermal cells of the adaxial corolla differ even between parts of the corolla, the corolla lobes and the annulus in the flower. This diversity may be connected with an odor gradient. The morphological and anatomical features of stapeliad (subtribe Stapeliinae) osmophores are generally similar to osmophores of members of subtribe Ceropegiinae (Ceropegia), thus, we suggest that this model of osmophores evolved before early diversification of Ceropegieae. The ultrastructural features of stapeliad osmophores are generally similar to those of Araceae, Orchidaceae and Passifloraceae. © 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.},

note = {26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-77951732293,

title = {Are there seed pedestals in lentibulariaceae},

author = { B.J. Płachno and D. Clivati and V.F.O. Miranda and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951732293&partnerID=40&md5=95bc82d976836207741a98c254f099c7},

issn = {00015296},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica},

volume = {51},

number = {2},

pages = {115-118},

abstract = {The term "seed pedestal" was introduced recently to describe a structure of placental origin connecting a seed with the placenta. Seed pedestals are widespread in Scrophulariaceae and a few adjacent families, but have not been found in Lentibulariaceae so far. Here their presence is reported for Utricularta reniformis from Brazil, and their formation during seed development is described. We observed that the formation of this structure was strictly associated with seed development; seed pedestals were not formed under aborted (unfertilized) ovules. © Polish Academy of Sciences and Jaglellonian University.},

note = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-70349319464,

title = {Functional anatomy of the ovule in Genlisea with remarks on ovule evolution in Lentibulariaceae},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349319464&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-009-0045-8&partnerID=40&md5=6363c328d78d2a59551ebfeac3589335},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-009-0045-8},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {236},

number = {1-4},

pages = {39-48},

abstract = {The Lentibulariaceae are highly evolved and specialized carnivorous angiosperms displaying not only unusual morphology and embryology but also specific changes in the genome and chromosomes as large as bacterial chromosomes. Comparative study of the morphology and detailed anatomy of the ovule in the genera Genlisea, Utricularia, and Pinguicula should shed new light on the phylogeny of this family. The clade Genlisea + Utricularia is sister to the genus Pinguicula, which is considered the most primitive taxon within Lentibulariaceae. Thus we should expect the ovules of Genlisea to be more similar to those of the more closely related genus Utricularia than to Pinguicula. Surprisingly, the ovules of Genlisea retain characters (free funiculus; ES remaining in the ovule) in common with Pinguicula, presumably inherited from a common ancestor. Genlisea ovules have only one main character in common with subgenus Polypompholyx (Utricularia): a well-developed funiculus. There are differences between the ovules of the subgenera Genlisea and Tayloria. In subgenus Genlisea the micropyle tends to be closer to the funiculus and the ovule forms an unusual jacket-like nutritive tissue of integumental origin. The most specialized ovules in Lentibulariaceae evolved in the genus Utricularia. The special chalazal nutritive tissue in Genlisea and Utricularia is simply a hypostase. © Springer-Verlag 2009.},

note = {18},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-70249120389,

title = {Structural investigation of low-symmetry vesuvianite collected from Tojyo, Hiroshima, Japan: Implications for hydrogarnet-like substitution},

author = { M. Ohkawa and T.M. Armbruster and E.V. Galuskin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70249120389&doi=10.2465%2fjmps.080507&partnerID=40&md5=c6424f8463eb21f9d02ef80d577ebaf0},

doi = {10.2465/jmps.080507},

issn = {13456296},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences},

volume = {104},

number = {2},

pages = {69-76},

abstract = {The crystal structure of a unique type of vesuvianite with the space group P4/n [a = 15.576(2); c = 11.835(2) Å] formed by the retrograde alteration of gehlenite in high-temperature skarn at Kushiro (Tojyo; Shobara Hiroshima) southwestern Japan, is determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (R1 = 3.63%). Significant vacancies (29%) occur only on one of the two pseudo-equivalent Z1 sites (Z1b). In addition, the Si-O distance at the Z1b site remarkably increases up to 1.707(3) Å, indicating the existence of a hydrogarnet-like substitution, while Z1a, the other pseudo-equivalent Si site, has only 5% vacancies associated with an Si-O distance of 1.636(3) Å. The total refined Si site occupancy of 17.7 atoms per formula unit is in excellent agreement with the results of electron-microprobe analyses.},

note = {7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-67649126085,

title = {Prey attraction In carnivorous Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae)},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno and P. Świątek and D.W. Darnowski},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649126085&partnerID=40&md5=134ab559804fb444fe87da185fcc2a17},

issn = {00015296},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica},

volume = {50},

number = {2},

pages = {87-94},

abstract = {In this study we test three hypotheses. (1) Secretory hairs In the arms and the distal part of the neck of the carnivorous plant Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) have a different principal function than the digestive hairs in the digestive chamber, that is, prey attraction. (2) Only bacteria and other organisms inside the trap and on the external trap surface lure prey. (3) Substances produced by the plant have a minor influence on prey attraction; more important is trap shape and morphology, because protozoa and microfauna may move to the small interspaces (traps or capillaries) by accidental, nonspecific wandering. We studied the structure of secretory hairs (glands) in the arms and the distal and proximal parts of the trap neck using light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. We tested the hypotheses with several experiments using sterile Genlisea traps as well as glass tubes acting as a Genlisea trap model, and various organisms as prey (Blepharisma sp.; Paramecium bursaria; Euglena sp.). Hairs in the arms and the distal part of the Genlisea trap neck represent polysaccharide-proteinsecreting hairs. Prey still moved to cleaned traps without chemical attractants. In the proximal part of the neck the secretory hairs have the same ultrastructure as digestive hairs in the digestive chamber of Genlisea. Sterile traps do not need commensals for catching prey. The results of the behavioral experiments reported here support the hypothesis that prey can move to the traps or capillaries by accidental, nonspecific wandering to small objects filled with water. Thus, the complex structure of the Genlisea trap with long arms may help catch prey simply by providing a large surface with many small openings which mimic the interspaces between soil particles, and the plant does not need special mediators for prey attraction.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-57249097180,

title = {Cytoarchitecture of Utricularia nutritive tissue},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-57249097180&doi=10.1007%2fs00709-008-0020-9&partnerID=40&md5=f05379b2a38367830811df168c13637f},

doi = {10.1007/s00709-008-0020-9},

issn = {0033183X},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Protoplasma},

volume = {234},

number = {1-4},

pages = {25-32},

abstract = {Beginning with light microscopy studies in the late 19th century, the placental "nutritive tissue" in carnivorous plants of Utricularia spp. has been well described by several authors. Based on observations of direct contact between the embryo sac and the "nutritive tissue" and the lack of vascularization of the ovule, it has been suggested that this nutritive tissue plays a key role in the nutrition of the female gametophyte. To date, however, the structure of this tissue has received only scant attention. To fill this knowledge gap, we have characterized its anatomy and histochemistry in more detail and addressed the speculations of a number of earlier researchers. Nutritive tissue during the period of flower opening in three Utricularia species, each belonging to different sections and subgenera (Polypompholyx; Bivalvaria and Utricularia), was examined by light and, in particular, electron microscopy. In all of the investigated species, nutritive tissue cells differ from placental parenchyma cells in having no huge vacuole, no large amyloplasts with starch grains, and no protein inclusions in the nucleus. The funicular nutritive tissue in U. dichotoma consists of active cells with a secretory character, while U. sandersonii has a small placental nutritive tissue consisting of colenchymatous cells accumulating lipids. The most complex nutritive tissue occurs in aquatic U. intermedia, which occupies a derived position in the genus phylogeny. In this latter species, the cells of this tissue resemble meristematic cells in having a relatively large nucleus, thin cell walls, and reduced vacuoles, but the well-developed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in some cells is similar to that in secretory cells. The cytoplasm is rich in microtubules, some of which are in close contact with the ER cisternae. We found very thick cell walls between nutritive tissue cells and parenchyma cells, but plasmodesmata between these types of cells are rare. Similarities in both the position and structure of nutritive tissue in Polypompholyx and section Pleiochasia support their classification together in one subgenus, based on results from a molecular study. The position and structure of the nutritive tissue in Utricularia spp. are related to the position of various species in the genus phylogeny. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.},

note = {17},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-40649114816,

title = {The giant extra-floral nectaries of carnivorous Heliamphora folliculata: Architecture and ultrastructure},

author = { B.J. Płachno and P. Świątek and A. Wistuba},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-40649114816&partnerID=40&md5=70f3084656cfb6fd89bcf1acb1439e8c},

issn = {00015296},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica},

volume = {49},

number = {2},

pages = {91-104},

abstract = {Extra-floral nectaries commonly occur in carnivorous plants, forming pitfall traps to attract nectar-feeding insects. Although they are not connected with pollination, extra-floral nectaries promote the reproductive functions of carnivorous plants by increasing the supply of animal-sourced nutrients and thereby increasing the plant's vigor. Our main purpose here was to study the functional ultrastructure of the giant nectaries in Heliamphora, focusing on nectar production and secretion. We wanted to determine whether specialization of the shape and structure of Heliamphora nectar spoons has an influence on nectary structure. Heliamphora folliculata, with its unique nectar storage chamber, may also have specialized giant nectaries differing from other species in the genus. In Heliamphora folliculata the largest nectaries occur in a nectar storage chamber. Regardless of their size, the nectaries have similar ultrastructure. Key features of their cells are ER-sheathed leucoplasts and vacuoles with large osmiophilic phenolic inclusions. The former is characteristic for cells producing monoterpenes; indeed, the giant nectaries produce volatile compounds and may have a function similar to osmophores. Nectary cells are isolated from ordinary parenchyma cells by cutinized walls lacking plasmodesmata (endodermis). Symplastic transport is possible only between nectary cells and special parenchyma cells that have wall thickenings. Between them are many plasmodesmata; thus the nectary is a symplastic and apoplastic field. These specialized parenchyma cells are similar to the flange cells described in parasitic plants. Why has a special spoon with a nectar chamber evolved in Heliamphora folliculata? One answer given is that it protects nectar against being washed away by frequent rainfalls so that the plant produces less nectar and saves energy. Also, when nectar is not easily accessible the insects have to spend more time near the trap entrance to look for it, and they are more likely to be trapped. Regardless of the shape and structure of Heliamphora nectar spoons (pitcher appendages), giant nectaries apparently have the same architecture throughout the genus. So far as is known, pollinator-prey conflict does not exist in Heliamphora; nectaries in this genus are formed only for nectar-feeding prey. © Polish Academy of Sciences, 2007.},

note = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2-s2.0-34547746734,

title = {Functional utrastructure of Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) digestive hairs},

author = { B.J. Płachno and M. Kozieradzka-kiszkurno and P. Świątek},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34547746734&doi=10.1093%2faob%2fmcm109&partnerID=40&md5=52cefe263e29ba9aa7d023e4822fd7c2},

doi = {10.1093/aob/mcm109},

issn = {03057364},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Botany},

volume = {100},

number = {2},

pages = {195-203},

abstract = {• Background and Aims: Digestive structures of carnivorous plants produce external digestive enzymes, and play the main role in absorption. In Lentibulariaceae, the ultrastructure of digestive hairs has been examined in some detail in Pinguicula and Utricularia, but the sessile digestive hairs of Genlisea have received very little attention so far. The aim of this study was to fill this gap by expanding their morphological, anatomical and histochemical characterization. • Methods: Several imaging techniques were used, including light, confocal and electron microscopy, to reveal the structure and function of the secretory hairs of Genlisea traps. This report demonstrates the application of cryo-SEM for fast imaging of whole, physically fixed plant secretory structures. • Key Results and Conclusion: The concentration of digestive hairs along vascular bundles in subgenus Genlisea is a primitive feature, indicating its basal position within the genus. Digestive hairs of Genlisea consist of three compartments with different ultrastructure and function. In subgenus Tayloria the terminal hair cells are transfer cells, but not in species of subgenus Genlisea. A digestive pool of viscous fluid occurs in Genlisea traps. In spite of their similar architecture, the digestive-absorptive hairs of Lentibulariaceae feature differences in morphology and ultrastructure. © The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved.},

note = {30},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}